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Su W, Lv M, Wang D, He Y, Han H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lv S, Yao L. Tanshinone IIA Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Reducing Ischemia‒Reperfusion via the miR-124-5p/FoxO1 Axis. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:7459054. [PMID: 38549714 PMCID: PMC10978079 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7459054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common complication of ischemic stroke that affects the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. The lipid-soluble diterpene Tanshinone IIA, which was isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been indicated to reduce cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Tanshinone IIA in alleviating reperfusion-induced brain injury. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion animal models were established, and neurological scores, tetrazolium chloride staining, brain volume quantification, wet and dry brain water content measurement, Nissl staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed. The viability of cells was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays, while cell damage was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release in the in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation model. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tanshinone IIA on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury, as well as its effects on the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, this study validated the targeting relationship between miR-124-5p and FoxO1 using a dual luciferase assay. Finally, we examined the role of Tanshinone IIA in brain injury from a molecular perspective by inhibiting miR-124-5p or increasing FoxO1 levels. Results After treatment with Tanshinone IIA in middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats, the volume of cerebral infarction was reduced, the water content of the brain was decreased, the nerve function of the rats was significantly improved, and the cell damage was significantly reduced. In addition, Tanshinone IIA effectively inhibited the I/R-induced inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, that is, it inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, decreased the expression of apoptotic protein Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model, Tanshinone IIA also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in neuronal cells and inhibited the occurrence of neuronal apoptosis. In addition, Tanshinone IIA promoted the expression of miR-124-5p. Transfection of miR-124-5p mimic has the same therapeutic effect as Tanshinone IIA and positive therapeutic effect on OGD cells, while transfection of miR-124-5p inhibitor has the opposite effect. The targeting of miR-124-5p negatively regulates FoxO1 expression. Inhibition of miR-124-5p or overexpression of FoxO1 can weaken the inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA on brain injury induced by I/R, while inhibition of miR-124-5p and overexpression of FoxO1 can further weaken the effect of Tanshinone IIA. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA alleviates ischemic-reperfusion brain injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation through the miR-124-5p/FoxO1 axis. This finding provides a theoretical basis for mechanistic research on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Su
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Meifen Lv
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Dayu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinghong He
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Han
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaokun Lv
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
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Mustafa AM, Shaheen AM, Zaki HF, Rabie MA. Nicorandil and carvedilol mitigates motor deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis: Role of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK/NF-κB signalling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111387. [PMID: 38134593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disease that negatively affects neurotransmission. It can be pathologically mimicked by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal damage, however their role in MS are still obscure. Additionally, Carvedilol showed a promising neuroprotective activity against several neurological disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of KATP channel opener (nicorandil) as well as α and β adrenoceptor antagonist (Carvedilol) against EAE induced neurodegeneration in mice. Mice was treated with nicorandil (6 mg/kg/day; p.o.) and carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 14 days. Nicorandil and carvedilol showed improvement in clinical scoring, behaviour and motor coordination as established by histopathological investigation and immunohistochemical detection of MBP. Furthermore, both treatments downregulated the protein expression of TLR4/ MYD88/TRAF6 signalling cascade with downstream inhibition of (pT183/Y185)-JNK/p38 (pT180/Y182)-MAPK axis leading to reduction of neuroinflammatory status, as witnessed by reduction of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 contents. Moreover, nicorandil and carvedilol attenuated oxidative damage by increasing Nrf2 content and SOD activity together with reduction of MDA content. In addition, an immunomodulating effect via inhibiting the gene expression of CD4, TGF-β, and IL-17 as well as TGF-β, IL-17, and IL-23 contents along with anti-apoptotic effect by decreasing Bax protein expression and Caspase-3 content and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression was observed with nicorandil and carvedilol treatments. In conclusion, nicorandil and carvedilol exerted a neuroprotective activity against EAE induced neuronal loss via inhibition of TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6/JNK/p38-MAPK axis besides antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Verdoorn TA, Parry TJ, Pinna G, Lifshitz J. Neurosteroid Receptor Modulators for Treating Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1603-1615. [PMID: 37653253 PMCID: PMC10684848 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers wide-ranging pathology that impacts multiple biochemical and physiological systems, both inside and outside the brain. Functional recovery in patients is impeded by early onset brain edema, acute and chronic inflammation, delayed cell death, and neurovascular disruption. Drug treatments that target these deficits are under active development, but it seems likely that fully effective therapy may require interruption of the multiplicity of TBI-induced pathological processes either by a cocktail of drug treatments or a single pleiotropic drug. The complex and highly interconnected biochemical network embodied by the neurosteroid system offers multiple options for the research and development of pleiotropic drug treatments that may provide benefit for those who have suffered a TBI. This narrative review examines the neurosteroids and their signaling systems and proposes directions for their utility in the next stage of TBI drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Verdoorn
- NeuroTrauma Sciences, LLC, 2655 Northwinds Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA.
| | - Tom J Parry
- NeuroTrauma Sciences, LLC, 2655 Northwinds Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 1601 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Liu Y, Wang P, Jin G, Shi P, Zhao Y, Guo J, Yin Y, Shao Q, Li P, Yang P. The novel function of bexarotene for neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102021. [PMID: 37495118 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, is approved by FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, it has also demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and particularly Alzheimer's disease(AD). In AD, bexarotene inhibits the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), activates Liver X Receptor/RXR heterodimers to increase lipidated apolipoprotein E to remove Aβ, mitigates the negative impact of Aβ, regulates neuroinflammation, and ultimately improves cognitive function. For other neurological diseases, its mechanisms of action include inhibiting inflammatory responses, up-regulating microglial phagocytosis, and reducing misfolded protein aggregation, all of which aid in alleviating neurological damage. Here, we briefly discuss the characteristics, applications, and adverse effects of bexarotene, summarize its pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic results in various neurological diseases, and elaborate on the problems encountered in preclinical research, with the aim of providing help for the further application of bexarotene in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Liu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; College of Third Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guofang Jin
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
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Li S, Li J, Zhao Z, Xiao S, Shen X, Li X, Zu X, Li X, Shen Y. Delavatine A attenuates OGD/R-caused PC12 cell injury and apoptosis through suppressing the MKK7/JNK signaling pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1743-1753. [PMID: 36130913 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Delavatine A (DA) is an unusual isoquinoline alkaloid with a novel skeleton isolated from Chinese folk medicine Incarvillea delavayi. Studies conducted in our lab have demonstrated that DA has potential anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. DA, however, has not been studied for its protective effect on neuronal cells yet. Thus, to explore whether DA can protect neurons, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-injured PC12 cell and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model were used to assess the protective efficacy of DA against OGD/R damaged PC12 cells and MCAO/R injured rats. Our results demonstrated that DA pretreatment (0.31-2.5 μM) dose-dependently increased cell survival and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), whereas it lowered the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), intracellular cumulation of Ca2+, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited the apoptosis rate in OGD/R-injured PC12 cells. Western blot demonstrated that DA pretreatment lowered the expression of apoptotic proteins and repressed the activation of the MKK7/JNK pathway. It was also found that the neuroprotective efficacy of DA was significantly reversed by co-treatment with the JNK agonist anisomycin, suggesting that DA reduced PC12 cell injury and apoptosis by suppressing the MKK7/JNK pathway. Furthermore, DA oral administration greatly alleviated the neurological dysfunction and reduced the infarct volume of MCAO/R rats. Taken together, DA could ameliorate OGD/R-caused PC12 cell injury and improve brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in MCAO/R rats, and its neuroprotection might be attributed to suppressing the MKK7/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University.,Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Nursing Health Sciences, Yunnan Open University
| | - Sijia Xiao
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University
| | - Xiuping Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
| | - Xu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
| | - Yunheng Shen
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University
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Niu N, Li H, Du X, Wang C, Li J, Yang J, Liu C, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhao W. Effects of NRF-1 and PGC-1α cooperation on HIF-1α and rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia. Gene 2022; 834:146565. [PMID: 35569770 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a primary inducer of cardiomyocyte injury, its significant marker being hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are transcriptional regulatory elements implicated in multiple biological functions, including oxidative stress response. However, their roles in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remain unknown. The effect HIF-1α, together with NRF-1, exerts on cardiomyocyte apoptosis also remains unclear. METHODS We established a myocardial hypoxia model and investigated the effects of these proteins on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) under hypoxia. Further, we examined the association between NRF-1 and HIF-1α to improve the current understanding of NRF-1 anti-apoptotic mechanisms. RESULTS The results show that NRF-1 and HIF-1α are important anti-apoptotic molecules in H9C2 cells under hypoxia, although their regulatory mechanisms differ. NRF-1 could bind to the promoter region of Hif1a and negatively regulate its expression. Additionally, HIF-1β exhibited competitive binding with NRF-1 and HIF-1α, demonstrating a synergism between NRF-1 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cardiomyocytes can regulate different molecular patterns to tolerate hypoxia, providing a novel methodological framework for studying cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiancai Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Songhao Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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Yao Y, Hu S, Zhang C, Zhou Q, Wang H, Yang Y, Liu C, Ding H. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by exerting an anti-pyroptotic effect via the miR-139-5p/FoxO1/Keap1/Nrf2 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu H, Wang H, Chen S, Liu S, Tian X, Dong Z, Xu L. iTRAQ-derived quantitative proteomics uncovers the neuroprotective property of bexarotene in a mice model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:585-594. [PMID: 35693438 PMCID: PMC9177454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a FDA-approved drug for cutaneous lymphoma, has been shown to exert brain protective effects. In previous study, we demonstrated that Bexarotene protects against cerebral ischemic stroke by suppressing the JNK/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Bexarotene-mediated neuroprotective are not fully understood. Based on the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-derived proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, 4,454 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in upstream of the JNK signaling pathway. Among them, 149 DEPs showed aberrant expression in the vehicle-versus Bexarotene-treated mice. DEPs were primarily enriched in the metabolism, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways. The largest DEP increase was seen with heat shock protein HSP 70, whereas the largest DEP decrease was seen with JNK scaffold protein JIP3, both of which are involved in the MAPK network. Furthermore, we illustrated the Bexarotene obviously abolished oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)- induced LDH leakage, cells apoptosis, and the protein expression level of the JIP3,p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Cleaved Caspase3. Together, these results suggest a potential neuroprotective role of Bexarotene via inhibition of the JIP3/ASK1/JNK/Caspase 3 signaling pathway.
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Clinical Observation of Salvianolic Acid Combined with Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Basic Nursing Intervention on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:8706730. [PMID: 35136538 PMCID: PMC8818411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8706730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical observation of salvianolic acid combined with panax notoginseng saponins combined with basic nursing intervention on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3. Methods A total of 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), edaravone (Eda), salvianolic acid (SA), panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), and SA+PNS group. After administration for 5 days, the neurological function, cerebral infarction volume, brain index, and brain water content of rats were observed. ELISA kit assay was applied to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activity. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein levels of p-53, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 in the brain tissues surrounding infarction lesion. Results Compared with sham group, the mNSS score, brain index, brain water content, infarction volumes, MDA activity, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β as well as the protein levels of p-53, NF-κB, Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, while the levels of Bcl-2 protein, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC were significantly decreased in I/R group. However, these levels were reversed in SA group, PNS group and SA + PNS group. Moreover, these changes in SA + PNS group were more obvious than those in SA and PNS group, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions SA, PNS and they combined with basic nursing have protective effects on cerebral I/R injury, and the combination with basic nursing has better effects than that used alone. The mechanism may be to regulate the expression of downstream apoptotic proteins by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing neurological damage in rats.
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Deng L, Guo Y, Liu J, Chen S, Wang X, Zhao H, Zuo T, Hu Q, Dong Z. Long noncoding RNA ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke via suppressing the expression of NF-κB in vitro and in vivo. Neurol Res 2021; 43:767-777. [PMID: 34080525 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1934317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that long-noncoding RNAs can exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Levels of the long noncoding RNA ANRIL (ANRIL) are reportedly altered in ischemic stroke (IS) patients, but its role in IS requires further clarification. This study was designed to explore the mechanistic function of ANRIL in IS. METHODS In vitro, HT22 cells was treated with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). In vivo, brain ischemia/reperfusion was induced by 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) IS model in C57/BL6 mice. Additionally, cells were transfected with si-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-NF-κB, or appropriate negative controls, and si-ANRIL and pcDNA3.1-NF-κB were administered into the lateral ventricles in MCAO/R model mice. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via MTT and flow cytometry assays. mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB were detected via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels were detected via ELISA. In addition, infarcted area and neuronal injury were evaluated via TTC, Nissl, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS We found that ANRIL knockdown increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, we found that ANRIL knockdown decreased p-P65, P65, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels, whereas these effects were reversed by NF-κB overexpression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION our results suggest that ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation by suppressing the expression of NF-κB both in vitro and vivo model of IS, sugguesting that ANRIL might be a potentially viable therapeutictarget to diminish neuroinflammation in IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Library, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianrui Zuo
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwen Hu
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu H, Hu X, Jiang R, Cai J, Lin Q, Fan Z, Zhao P, Wang S, Zou C, Du W, Dong Z, Liu Y. CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021; 44:1345-1358. [PMID: 33528726 PMCID: PMC8285337 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianghui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiguo Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Chunqiao Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Weimin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Vidal V, Puente A, García-Cerro S, García Unzueta MT, Rueda N, Riancho J, Martínez-Cué C. Bexarotene Impairs Cognition and Produces Hypothyroidism in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613211. [PMID: 33935706 PMCID: PMC8082148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
All individuals with Down syndrome (DS) eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including neurodegeneration, increases in β-amyloid (Aβ) expression, and aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles, between the third and fourth decade of their lives. There is currently no effective treatment to prevent AD neuropathology and the associated cognitive degeneration in DS patients. Due to evidence that the accumulation of Aβ aggregates in the brain produces the neurodegenerative cascade characteristic of AD, many strategies which promote the clearance of Aβ peptides have been assessed as potential therapeutics for this disease. Bexarotene, a member of a subclass of retinoids that selectively activates retinoid receptors, modulates several pathways essential for cognitive performance and Aβ clearance. Consequently, bexarotene might be a good candidate to treat AD-associated neuropathology. However, the effects of bexarotene treatment in AD remain controversial. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether chronic bexarotene treatment administered to the most commonly used murine model of DS, the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse could reduce Aβ expression in their brains and improve their cognitive abilities. Chronic administration of bexarotene to aged TS mice and their CO littermates for 9 weeks diminished the reference, working, and spatial learning and memory of TS mice, and the spatial memory of CO mice in the Morris water maze. This treatment also produced marked hypoactivity in the plus maze, open field, and hole board tests in TS mice, and in the open field and hole board tests in CO mice. Administration of bexarotene reduced the expression of Aβ1-40, but not of Aβ1-42, in the hippocampi of TS mice. Finally, bexarotene increased Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in TS mice and reduced Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in CO mice, while animals of both karyotypes displayed reduced thyroxine levels after bexarotene administration. The bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism could be responsible for the hypoactivity of TS and CO mice and their diminished performance in the Morris water maze. Together, these results do not provide support for the use of bexarotene as a potential treatment of AD neuropathology in the DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Neurology Service, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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13
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CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021. [PMID: 33528726 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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14
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Ahmed MAE, Ahmed AAE, El Morsy EM. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid prevents testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats by modulating 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax/Caspase-3 pathways. Life Sci 2020; 260:118472. [PMID: 32971106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) is a critical medical condition that necessitates prompt surgical intervention to avoid testicular atrophy and infertility. The use of natural compounds may protect against the associated detrimental oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), the main active constituent of Boswellia resin, has shown potent inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase enzyme which converts arachidonic acid into inflammatory mediators. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the protective mechanisms by which AKBA may protect against testicular T/D injury in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were randomly distributed into five groups: Sham, AKBA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), unilateral testicular T/D, AKBA at two dose levels (25 or 50 mg/kg for 15 successive days) followed by T/D. Histological examination and Johnsen's score were performed to assess testicular injury and perturbations in spermatogenesis. Biochemical parameters included markers of testicular function (serum testosterone), oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, glutathione), inflammation (5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene-B4, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3), DNA integrity (quantitative DNA fragmentation, DNA laddering, PARP-1), energy production (ATP), in addition to p38 MAPK and JNK protein expression. KEY FINDINGS In a dose dependent manner, AKBA significantly inhibited testicular T/D-induced upregulation of 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax pathways and their associated downstream inflammatory and apoptotic cascades. These effects were accompanied with ATP replenishment and DNA preservation, resulting ultimately in salvage of the testis. SIGNIFICANCE Unprecedentedly, the present mechanistic study revealed the pathways by which AKBA may inhibit testicular T/D injury and offered a novel protective approach that may attenuate the severity of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Experimental Study on the Effect of Aconite and Angelica sinensis on Myocardial Ischemia Rats with Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7027391. [PMID: 32419818 PMCID: PMC7199600 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7027391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of Aconite and Angelica sinensis on myocardial ischemia rats with Yang deficiency and blood stasis. Methods SPF-class SD rats were randomly divided into low-dose and high-dose groups. Each group was divided into control group, model group, and drug-administered group (FZ, DG, FG; 1 : 0.5, 1 : 1, 1 : 2). A rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone and isoproterenol plus cold stimulation. Each group was given corresponding decoction or distilled water for 14 days. The behavioral changes of rats in each group were observed. The morphological changes of rats cardiomyocytes were observed by HE staining. The average optical density (MOD value) and percentage of positive cells of Bcl-2, Bax, and Akt were determined by immunohistochemical staining method, and PEIs were calculated. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of PI3K, Caspase-3, Akt protein, and gene expression. Results The compatibility of Aconite and Angelica sinensis improved the morphology of rat cardiomyocytes, increased the PEI values of Akt and Bcl-2 protein, and decreased the PEI values of Bax protein (P < 0.01). The compatibility reduced the expression of Caspase-3 protein of rat myocardium and increased the protein expression of p-Akt, PI3K, and p-PI3K (P < 0.01). The compatibility also significantly reduced the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and increased the expression of PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the effect of high-dose FG (1 : 2) group is the best. Conclusions The method of preparing a rat model of myocardial ischemia with Yang deficiency and blood stasis was feasible. The compatibility of Aconite and Angelica sinensis reduced myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory reaction, protected ischemic cardiomyocytes, and reduced myocardial injury, whose mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway. The compatible group had better intervention effects than Aconite or Angelica sinensis alone. The best one was high-dose FG (1 : 2).
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