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Medwid S, Schwarz UI, Choi YH, Keller D, Ross C, Kim RB. Solanidine Metabolites as Diet-Derived Biomarkers of CYP2D6-Mediated Tamoxifen Metabolism in Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39039708 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an important antiestrogen for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and undergoes bioactivation by CYP2D6 to its active metabolite endoxifen. Genetic variation in CYP2D6 has been linked to endoxifen levels during tamoxifen therapy. Recent studies have suggested solanidine, a glycoalkaloid phytochemical in potatoes, undergoes CYP2D6-mediated metabolism to 4-OH-solanidine (m/z 414) and 3,4-seco-solanidine-3,4-dioic acid (SSDA; m/z 444). Using a retrospective cohort of 1,032 breast cancer patients on tamoxifen therapy, we examined the association of solanidine metabolites with CYP2D6 activity and its correlation with tamoxifen metabolism. Solanidine, 4-OH-solanidine, or SSDA was detected in 99.7% (N = 1,029) of plasma samples. Decreased solanidine metabolite ratios were found in CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizers (P < 0.0001). Patients on CYP2D6 strong inhibitors had a 77.6% and 94.2% decrease in 4-OH-solandine/solanidine (P < 0.0001) and SSDA/solanidine (P < 0.0001), respectively. The ratio of endoxifen to tamoxifen was highly correlated with both 4-OH-solandine/solanidine (ρ = 0.3207, P < 0.0001) and SSDA/solanidine (ρ = 0.5022, P < 0.0001) ratios. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine that 4-OH-solanidine/solanidine and SSDA/solanidine ratios below 2.1 and 0.8, respectively, predicted endoxifen concentrations of <16 nM. In conclusion, solanidine, 4-OH-solanidine, and SSDA are diet-derived biomarkers of CYP2D6 activity. Moreover, in patients on tamoxifen therapy, 4-OH-solanidine/solanidine and SSDA/solanidine predicted endoxifen levels including the inhibitory effects of concomitantly prescribed CYP2D6-interacting medications. Accordingly, 4-OH-solanidine/solanidine or SSDA/solanidine ratio has the potential to be particularly useful prior to initiation of tamoxifen or for determining the impact of CYP2D6 drug interactions, as well as prior to switching from an aromatase inhibitor to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Medwid
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ute I Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise Keller
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Ross
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard B Kim
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Martínez-García I, Gaona-Scheytt C, Morante-Zarcero S, Sierra I. Development of a Green, Quick, and Efficient Method Based on Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by HPLC-DAD for the Analysis of Bioactive Glycoalkaloids in Potato Peel Waste. Foods 2024; 13:651. [PMID: 38472764 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Solanine and α-chaconine are the two most predominant glycoalkaloids (GAs) present in potato. Potato peel contains a high concentration of GAs, which are especially interesting for application in the pharmaceutical industry due to their different beneficial properties (such as anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antipyretic, antiviral, fungicide, and antibiotic activities, among others); so, potato peel waste can be valorized by extracting these biologically active compounds. For this, a green, quick, and efficient miniaturized analytical approach based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with HPLC-DAD was developed to quantify α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato peel. Some parameters of the extraction were optimized, including the extraction method, the type of solvent, and the sample/solvent ratio, by a three-factor, three-level (33) full factorial experimental design. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained with UAE using methanol as a solvent and a sample/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v, g/mL). The analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) tool was used to assess the greenness of the methods used. The tool revealed an acceptable green analysis, with 0.61 points. The method was validated and applied to the evaluation of GAs in the peel of 15 commercial varieties of potato. The amount of glycoalkaloids found in the samples evaluated ranged from 143 to 1273 mg/kg and from 117 to 1742 mg/kg dry weight for α-solanine and α-chaconine, respectively. These results reveal the important variability that exists between potato varieties; so, their analysis is of great importance to select the most suitable ones for biovalorization (e.g., the Amandine and Rudolph varieties, with around 3000 mg/kg, in total, of both GAs). To provide higher stability to the peel during storage, freeze-drying or a medium-temperature drying process resulted preferable to avoid GA degradation. Overall, this study will contribute to the expansion of the future biovalorization of potato peel waste as well as provide a powerful analytical tool for GA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martínez-García
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Carlos Gaona-Scheytt
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Sonia Morante-Zarcero
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Isabel Sierra
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
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Gafforov Y, Rašeta M, Zafar M, Makhkamov T, Yarasheva M, Chen JJ, Zhumagul M, Wang M, Ghosh S, Abbasi AM, Yuldashev A, Mamarakhimov O, Alosaimi AA, Berdieva D, Rapior S. Exploring biodiversity and ethnobotanical significance of Solanum species in Uzbekistan: unveiling the cultural wealth and ethnopharmacological uses. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1287793. [PMID: 38333226 PMCID: PMC10851437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its millennial existence and empirical documentation, the ethnological knowledge of herbs is a more recent phenomenon. The knowledge of their historical uses as food, medicine, source of income and small-scale businesses, and the sociological impacts are threatened due to the slow ethnobotanical research drive. Species of the genus Solanum have long been extensively used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses of humans since the dawn of civilization. All data were systematically obtained from papers, monographs, and books written in Uzbek, Russian, and English through various scientific online databases, including Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science using specific keywords focused on eight Solanum species. Eight native and non-native Solanum species as S. dulcamara L., S. lycopersicum L., S. melongena L., S. nigrum L., S. rostratum Dunal., S. sisymbriifolium Lam., S. tuberosum L., and S. villosum Mill. have been recorded in Uzbekistan of Central Asia. In this article we presented recently obtained data on the diversity, morphological characteristics, global distribution, habitat, population status, phenology, reproduction, pharmacology and phytochemistry of these Solanum species in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, relying on a combination of literature reviews and analyses from various scientific papers, we focus on food consumption coupled with global ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological uses in human diseases of the Solanum species growing in Uzbekistan. Since the dawn of civilization, these eight cultivated and non-cultivated species of Solanum have provided sustainable resources of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan to prevent and treat various human diseases. Based on the collected data, it was shown that Solanum species have not been studied ethnobotanically and ethnomedicinally in Uzbekistan and it is necessary to conduct phytochemical and biotechnological research on them in the future. Traditional uses and scientific evaluation of Solanum indicate that S. nigrum, S. sisymbriifolium and S. tuberosum are one of the most widely used species in some parts of the world. Although considerable progress has been made to comprehend the chemical and biological properties of S. nigrum and S. tuberosum species, more research on the pharmacology and toxicology of these species is needed to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of their biologically active extracts and isolated bioactive compounds. Additionally, conducting additional research on the structure-activity relationship of certain isolated phytochemicals has the potential to enhance their biological efficacy and advance the scientific utilization of traditional applications of Solanum taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufjon Gafforov
- Central Asian Center for Development Studies, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- School of Engineering, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Manzura Yarasheva
- Department of Education and Training Management, Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Moldir Zhumagul
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Higher School of Natural Sciences, Astana International University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mengcen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Akramjon Yuldashev
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan
| | - Oybek Mamarakhimov
- Department of Ecology Monitoring, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Areej Ahmed Alosaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilfuza Berdieva
- Department Faculty and Hospital Therapy -1, Occupational Pathology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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