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Vijayakumar J, Goudarzi NM, Eeckhaut G, Schrijnemakers K, Cnudde V, Boone MN. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Tablets by X-ray Tomography. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050733. [PMID: 37242516 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms such as tablets are extensively used in drug administration for their simplicity and large-scale manufacturing capabilities. High-resolution X-ray tomography is one of the most valuable non-destructive techniques to investigate the internal structure of the tablets for drug product development as well as for a cost effective production process. In this work, we review the recent developments in high-resolution X-ray microtomography and its application towards different tablet characterizations. The increased availability of powerful laboratory instrumentation, as well as the advent of high brilliance and coherent 3rd generation synchrotron light sources, combined with advanced data processing techniques, are driving the application of X-ray microtomography forward as an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaianth Vijayakumar
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Eeckhaut
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Cnudde
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Compression-Induced Polymorphic Transformation in Tablets: Role of Shear Stress and Development of Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:476-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Thakral NK, Zanon RL, Kelly RC, Thakral S. Applications of Powder X-Ray Diffraction in Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals: Achievements and Aspirations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2969-2982. [PMID: 30145209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction and its potential to elucidate crystal symmetry, powder X-ray diffraction has found diverse applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This review summarizes significant achievements of the technique during various stages of dosage form development. Improved understanding of the principle involved and development of automated hardware and reliable software have led to increased instrumental sensitivity and improved data analysis. These advances continue to expand the applications of powder X-ray diffraction to emerging research fields such as amorphous systems, mechanistic understanding of phase transformations, and "Quality by Design" in formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger L Zanon
- Upsher-Smith Laboratories LLC, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55369
| | | | - Seema Thakral
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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Koranne S, Govindarajan R, Suryanarayanan R. Investigation of Spatial Heterogeneity of Salt Disproportionation in Tablets by Synchrotron X-ray Diffractometry. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1133-1144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Koranne
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ramprakash Govindarajan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, S215 PHAR, 115 S. Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1112, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Thakral S, Terban MW, Thakral NK, Suryanarayanan R. Recent advances in the characterization of amorphous pharmaceuticals by X-ray diffractometry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:183-93. [PMID: 26712710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For poorly water soluble drugs, the amorphous state provides an avenue to enhance oral bioavailability. The preparation method, in addition to sample history, can dictate the nature and the stability of the amorphous phase. Conventionally, X-ray powder diffractometry is of limited utility for characterization, but structural insights into amorphous and nanocrystalline materials have been enabled by coupling X-ray total scattering with the pair distribution function. This has shown great promise for fingerprinting, quantification, and even modeling of amorphous pharmaceutical systems. A consequence of the physical instability of amorphous phases is their crystallization propensity, and recent instrumental advances have substantially enhanced our ability to detect and quantify crystallization in a variety of complex matrices. The International Centre for Diffraction Data has a collection of the X-ray diffraction patterns of amorphous drugs and excipients and, based on the available supporting information, provides a quality mark of the data.
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Thakral NK, Yamada H, Stephenson GA, Suryanarayanan R. Spatial Distribution of Trehalose Dihydrate Crystallization in Tablets by X-ray Diffractometry. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3766-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K. Thakral
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., 3-16-89
Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8505, Japan
| | - Gregory A. Stephenson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Thakral NK, Mohapatra S, Stephenson GA, Suryanarayanan R. Compression-induced crystallization of amorphous indomethacin in tablets: characterization of spatial heterogeneity by two-dimensional X-ray diffractometry. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:253-63. [PMID: 25438193 DOI: 10.1021/mp5005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tablets of amorphous indomethacin were compressed at 10, 25, 50, or 100 MPa using either an unlubricated or a lubricated die and stored individually at 35 °C in sealed Mylar pouches. At selected time points, tablets were analyzed by two-dimensional X-ray diffractometry (2D-XRD), which enabled us to profile the extent of drug crystallization in tablets, in both the radial and axial directions. To evaluate the role of lubricant, magnesium stearate was used as "internal" and/or "external" lubricant. Indomethacin crystallization propensity increased as a function of compression pressure, with 100 MPa pressure causing crystallization immediately after compression (detected using synchrotron radiation). However, the drug crystallization was not uniform throughout the tablets. In unlubricated systems, pronounced crystallization at the radial surface could be attributed to die wall friction. The tablet core remained substantially amorphous, irrespective of the compression pressure. Lubrication of the die wall with magnesium stearate, as external lubricant, dramatically decreased drug crystallization at the radial surface. The spatial heterogeneity in drug crystallization, as a function of formulation composition and compression pressure, was systematically investigated. When formulating amorphous systems as tablets, the potential for compression induced crystallization warrants careful consideration. Very low levels of crystallization on the tablet surface, while profoundly affecting product performance (decrease in dissolution rate), may not be readily detected by conventional analytical techniques. Early detection of crystallization could be pivotal in the successful design of a dosage form where, in order to obtain the desired bioavailability, the drug may be in a high energy state. Specialized X-ray diffractometric techniques (2D; use of high intensity synchrotron radiation) enabled detection of very low levels of drug crystallization and revealed the heterogeneity in crystallization within the tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Thakral
- Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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Pohar A, Likozar B. Dissolution, Nucleation, Crystal Growth, Crystal Aggregation, and Particle Breakage of Amlodipine Salts: Modeling Crystallization Kinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Scale-up, and Optimization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pohar
- Laboratory
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Laboratory
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Thakral NK, Ragoonanan V, Suryanarayanan R. Quantification, Mechanism, and Mitigation of Active Ingredient Phase Transformation in Tablets. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3128-36. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400180n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K. Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street
S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vishard Ragoonanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street
S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street
S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Jang DJ, Sim T, Oh E. Formulation and optimization of spray-dried amlodipine solid dispersion for enhanced oral absorption. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1133-41. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.723218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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