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Ficiarà E, Stura I, Vernone A, Silvagno F, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2337. [PMID: 38397013 PMCID: PMC10889007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in many brain regions is a common feature of aging and most neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the causes, mechanisms, mathematical models, and possible therapies are summarized. Indeed, physiological and pathological conditions can be investigated using compartmental models mimicking iron trafficking across the blood-brain barrier and the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Brain exchange membranes located in the choroid plexus. In silico models can investigate the alteration of iron homeostasis and simulate iron concentration in the brain environment, as well as the effects of intracerebral iron chelation, determining potential doses and timing to recover the physiological state. Novel formulations of non-toxic nanovectors with chelating capacity are already tested in organotypic brain models and could be available to move from in silico to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Stura
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Annamaria Vernone
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
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Galati S, Vassallo M, Vicentini M, Vallino M, Celegato F, Barrera G, Martella D, Olivetti ES, Sacco A, Petiti J, Divieto C, Tiberto P, Manzin A, Troia A. Dual-responsive magnetic nanodroplets for controlled oxygen release via ultrasound and magnetic stimulation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1711-1723. [PMID: 38087911 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (MOLNDs) are a promising class of nanomaterials dually sensitive to ultrasound and magnetic fields, which can be employed as nanovectors for drug delivery applications, particularly in the field of hypoxic tissue treatment. Previous investigations were primarily focused on the application of these hybrid systems for hyperthermia treatment, exploiting magnetic nanoparticles for heat generation and nanodroplets as carriers and ultrasound contrast agents for treatment progress monitoring. This work places its emphasis on the prospect of obtaining an oxygen delivery system that can be activated by both ultrasound and magnetic fields. To achieve this goal, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employed to decorate and induce the magnetic vaporization of OLNDs, allowing oxygen release. We present an optimized method for preparing MOLNDs by decorating nanodroplets made of diverse fluorocarbon cores and polymeric coatings. Furthermore, we performed a series of characterizations for better understanding how magnetic decoration can influence the physicochemical properties of OLNDs. Our comprehensive analysis demonstrates the efficacy of magnetic stimulation in promoting oxygen release compared to conventional ultrasound-based methods. We emphasize the critical role of selecting the appropriate fluorocarbon core and polymeric coating to optimize the decoration process and enhance the oxygen release performance of MOLNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Galati
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Marta Vassallo
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Marta Vicentini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Marta Vallino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Federica Celegato
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Barrera
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Daniele Martella
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Elena S Olivetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Alessio Sacco
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Carla Divieto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Paola Tiberto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Manzin
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
| | - Adriano Troia
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy.
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Mandras N, Argenziano M, Prato M, Roana J, Luganini A, Allizond V, Tullio V, Finesso N, Comini S, Bressan BE, Pecoraro F, Giribaldi G, Troia A, Cavalli R, Cuffini AM, Banche G. Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy of Medium and Low Weight Chitosan-Shelled Nanodroplets for the Treatment of Infected Chronic Wounds. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1725-1739. [PMID: 35444418 PMCID: PMC9015045 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s345553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medium versus low weight (MW vs LW) chitosan-shelled oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (cOLNDs) and oxygen-free nanodroplets (cOFNDs) were comparatively challenged for biocompatibility on human keratinocytes, for antimicrobial activity against four common infectious agents of chronic wounds (CWs) – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and C. glabrata – and for their physical interaction with cell walls/membranes. Methods cNDs were characterized for morphology and physico-chemical properties by microscopy and dynamic light scattering. In vitro oxygen release from cOLNDs was measured through an oximeter. ND biocompatibility and ability to promote wound healing in human normoxic/hypoxic skin cells were challenged by LDH and MTT assays using keratinocytes. ND antimicrobial activity was investigated by monitoring upon incubation with/without MW or LW cOLNDs/cOFNDs either bacteria or yeast growth over time. The mechanical interaction between NDs and microorganisms was also assessed by confocal microscopy. Results LW cNDs appeared less toxic to keratinocytes than MW cNDs. Based on cell counts, either MW or LW cOLNDs and cOFNDs displayed long-term antimicrobial efficacy against S. pyogenes, C. albicans, and C. glabrata (up to 24 h), whereas a short-term cytostatic effects against MRSA (up to 6 h) was revealed. The internalization of all ND formulations by all four microorganisms, already after 3 h of incubation, was showed, with the only exception to MW cOLNDs/cOFNDs that adhered to MRSA walls without being internalized even after 24 h. Conclusion cNDs exerted bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects, due to the presence of chitosan in the outer shell and independently of oxygen addition in the inner core. The duration of such effects strictly depends on the characteristics of each microbial species, and not on the molecular weight of chitosan in ND shells. However, LW chitosan was better tolerated by human keratinocytes than MW. For these reasons, the use of LW NDs should be recommended in future research to assess cOLND efficacy for the treatment of infected CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Mauro Prato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Janira Roana
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, 10123, Italy
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Correspondence: Valeria Allizond, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, Turin, 10126, Italy, Tel +390116705644, Fax +390112365644, Email
| | - Vivian Tullio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Nicole Finesso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Sara Comini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Troia
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Turin, 10135, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 10126, Italy
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Confocal Laser Scanner Evaluation of Bactericidal Effect of Chitosan Nanodroplets Loaded with Benzalkonium Chloride. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061650. [PMID: 35329976 PMCID: PMC8950515 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth into dentinal tubules of a solution of chitosan nanodroplets (NDs) loaded with Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK). Seventy-two human single-root teeth with fully formed apex were used. Cylindrical root dentin blocks were longitudinally sectioned and enlarged to a size of a Gates Glidden drill #4. After sterilization, root canals were infected with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and further incubated for three weeks. Specimens were assigned to three experimental groups (n = 20), plus positive (n = 6) and negative (n = 6) controls. In the first group, irrigation was achieved with 2 mL of NDs solution loaded with BAK (NDs-BAK), in the second with 2 mL of 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and in the last with 2 mL of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Specimens were rinsed and vertically fractured. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and viability staining were used to analyze the proportions of dead and live bacteria quantitatively. The volume ratio of red fluorescence (dead) was calculated in 3D reconstructions. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). The ratio of red fluorescence over the whole green/red fluorescence resulted in a significant comparison of NDs-BAK with NaOCl (p < 0.01) and NaOCl with CHX (p < 0.01). No differences were found between NDs-BAK and CHX (p > 0.05). The mean depth of efficacy was, respectively: NDs-BAK 325.25 μm, NaOCl 273.36 μm and CHX 246.78 μm with no statistical differences between groups. The NaOCl solution showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy, but nanodroplets with BAK seemed to have the same effect as CHX with a high depth of efficacy.
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Antimicrobial oxygen-loaded nanobubbles as promising tools to promote wound healing in hypoxic human keratinocytes. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:154-162. [PMID: 35145879 PMCID: PMC8818485 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-shelled/perfluoropentane-filled OLNBs are innovative oxygen nanocarriers. OLNBs are biocompatible with human keratinocytes after cell internalization. OLNBs promote normoxia-like migration of hypoxic human keratinocytes. Chitosan-shelled OLNBs display antimicrobial activity against MRSA and C. albicans. Oxygen-loaded nanobubbles appear promising tools to treat infected chronic wounds.
Chronic wounds (CWs) are typically characterized by persistent hypoxia, exacerbated inflammation, and impaired skin tissue remodeling. Additionally, CWs are often worsened by microbial infections. Oxygen-loaded nanobubbles (OLNBs), displaying a peculiar structure based on oxygen-solving perfluorocarbons such as perfluoropentane in the inner core and polysaccharydes including chitosan in the outer shell, have proven effective in delivering oxygen to hypoxic tissues. Antimicrobial properties have been largely reported for chitosan. In the present work chitosan/perfluoropentane OLNBs were challenged for biocompatibility with human skin cells and ability to promote wound healing processes, as well as for their antimicrobial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. After cellular internalization, OLNBs were not toxic to human keratinocytes (HaCaT), whereas oxygen-free NBs (OFNBs) slightly affected their viability. Hypoxia-dependent inhibition of keratinocyte migratory ability after scratch was fully reversed by OLNBs, but not OFNBs. Both OLNBs and OFNBs exerted chitosan-induced short-term bacteriostatic activity against MRSA (up to 6 h) and long-term fungistatic activity against C. albicans (up to 24 h). Short-term antibacterial activity associated with NB prolonged adhesion to MRSA cell wall (up to 24 h) while long-term antifungal activity followed NB early internalization by C. albicans (already after 3 h of incubation). Taken altogether, these data support chitosan-shelled and perfluoropentane-cored OLNB potential as innovative, promising, non-toxic, and cost-effective antimicrobial devices promoting repair processes to be used for treatment of MRSA- and C. albicans-infected CWs.
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Ansari SA, Ficiarà E, D’Agata F, Cavalli R, Nasi L, Casoli F, Albertini F, Guiot C. Step-by-Step Design of New Theranostic Nanoformulations: Multifunctional Nanovectors for Radio-Chemo-Hyperthermic Therapy under Physical Targeting. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154591. [PMID: 34361743 PMCID: PMC8348950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While investigating the possible synergistic effect of the conventional anticancer therapies, which, taken individually, are often ineffective against critical tumors, such as central nervous system (CNS) ones, the design of a theranostic nanovector able to carry and deliver chemotherapy drugs and magnetic hyperthermic agents to the target radiosensitizers (oxygen) was pursued. Alongside the original formulation of polymeric biodegradable oxygen-loaded nanostructures, their properties were fine-tuned to optimize their ability to conjugate therapeutic doses of drugs (doxorubicin) or antitumoral natural substances (curcumin). Oxygen-loaded nanostructures (diameter = 251 ± 13 nm, ζ potential = −29 ± 5 mV) were finally decorated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, diameter = 18 ± 3 nm, ζ potential = 14 ± 4 mV), producing stable, effective and non-agglomerating magnetic nanovectors (diameter = 279 ± 17 nm, ζ potential = −18 ± 7 mV), which could potentially target the tumoral tissues under magnetic driving and are monitorable either by US or MRI imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoeb Anwar Ansari
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (F.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Ficiarà
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (F.D.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico D’Agata
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (F.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Lucia Nasi
- IMEM CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Casoli
- IMEM CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Franca Albertini
- IMEM CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.N.); (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.A.A.); (F.D.); (C.G.)
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Comparative Evaluation of Different Chitosan Species and Derivatives as Candidate Biomaterials for Oxygen-Loaded Nanodroplet Formulations to Treat Chronic Wounds. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020112. [PMID: 33672056 PMCID: PMC7919482 DOI: 10.3390/md19020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hypoxia is a main clinical feature of chronic wounds. Intriguingly, oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs), filled with oxygen-solving 2H,3H-decafluoropentane and shelled with polysaccharides, have been proposed as a promising tool to counteract hypoxia by releasing a clinically relevant oxygen amount in a time-sustained manner. Here, four different types of chitosan (low or medium weight (LW or MW), glycol-(G-), and methylglycol-(MG-) chitosan) were compared as candidate biopolymers for shell manufacturing. The aim of the work was to design OLND formulations with optimized physico-chemical characteristics, efficacy in oxygen release, and biocompatibility. All OLND formulations displayed spherical morphology, cationic surfaces, ≤500 nm diameters (with LW chitosan-shelled OLNDs being the smallest), high stability, good oxygen encapsulation efficiency, and prolonged oxygen release kinetics. Upon cellular internalization, LW, MW, and G-chitosan-shelled nanodroplets did not significantly affect the viability, health, or metabolic activity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). On the contrary, MG-chitosan-shelled nanodroplets showed very poor biocompatibility. Combining the physico-chemical and the biological results obtained, LW chitosan emerges as the best candidate biopolymer for future OLND application as a skin device to treat chronic wounds.
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Falzarano MS, Argenziano M, Marsollier AC, Mariot V, Rossi D, Selvatici R, Dumonceaux J, Cavalli R, Ferlini A. Chitosan-Shelled Nanobubbles Irreversibly Encapsulate Morpholino Conjugate Antisense Oligonucleotides and Are Ineffective for Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino-Mediated Gene Silencing of DUX4. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:201-207. [PMID: 32679000 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan drugs, including antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), siRNAs/miRNAs, Cas9 nuclease, and recombinant genes, have recently been made available for rare diseases. However, the main bottleneck for these new therapies is delivery. Drugs/synthetic genes need to reach the affected tissues with minimal off-target effects and immune reactions. AON molecules are currently delivered as backboned naked compounds or via viral vectors. Nanocarriers are considered promising vehicles, able to improve drug distribution by organ targeting and limiting safety issues. We tested perfluoropentane-based nanobubbles (NBs) as vehicles for loading phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) AON to suppress DUX4 expression in a facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy cell model. In vitro cell-free analysis demonstrated a good loading capacity of PMO into NBs, while experiments in cell cultures showed lack of therapeutic effect since expression of DUX4 and its targets remained unmodified. We conclude that these types of chitosan-shelled NBs do not release PMO-AON and are therefore not ideal for PMO AON-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anne Chalotte Marsollier
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Mariot
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Rossi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rita Selvatici
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Julie Dumonceaux
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Beyond Oncological Hyperthermia: Physically Drivable Magnetic Nanobubbles as Novel Multipurpose Theranostic Carriers in the Central Nervous System. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092104. [PMID: 32365941 PMCID: PMC7248690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Oxygen-Loaded Nanobubbles (MOLNBs), manufactured by adding Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the surface of polymeric nanobubbles, are investigated as theranostic carriers for delivering oxygen and chemotherapy to brain tumors. Physicochemical and cyto-toxicological properties and in vitro internalization by human brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as the motion of MOLNBs in a static magnetic field were investigated. MOLNBs are safe oxygen-loaded vectors able to overcome the brain membranes and drivable through the Central Nervous System (CNS) to deliver their cargoes to specific sites of interest. In addition, MOLNBs are monitorable either via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Ultrasound (US) sonography. MOLNBs can find application in targeting brain tumors since they can enhance conventional radiotherapy and deliver chemotherapy being driven by ad hoc tailored magnetic fields under MRI and/or US monitoring.
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Yaqiong LP, Ruiqing LMD, Shaobo DMD, Lianzhong ZMD. Advances in Targeted Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Based on Ultrasound-Responsive Nanodroplets. ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.37015/audt.2020.200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Molinari A, Oliva A, Arismendi-Macuer M, Guzmán L, Acevedo W, Aguayo D, Vinet R, San Feliciano A. Antiproliferative Benzoindazolequinones as Potential Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122261. [PMID: 31216654 PMCID: PMC6630654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones and nitrogen heterocyclic moieties have been recognized as important pharmacophores in the development of antitumor agents. This study aimed to establish whether there was any correlation between the in silico predicted parameters and the in vitro antiproliferative activity of a family of benzoindazolequinones (BIZQs), and to evaluate overexpressed proteins in human cancer cells as potential biomolecular targets of these compounds. For this purpose, this study was carried out using KATO-III and MCF-7 cell lines as in vitro models. Docking results showed that these BIZQs present better binding energies (ΔGbin) values for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than for other cancer-related proteins. The predicted ∆Gbin values of these BIZQs, classified in three series, positively correlated with IC50 measured in both cell lines (KATO-III: 0.72, 0.41, and 0.90; MCF-7: 0.79, 0.55, and 0.87 for Series I, II, and III, respectively). The results also indicated that compounds 2a, 2c, 6g, and 6k are the most prominent BIZQs, because they showed better IC50 and ∆Gbin values than the other derivatives. In silico drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the three series were also analyzed and showed that several BIZQs could be selected as potential candidates for cancer pre-clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Molinari
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - Alfonso Oliva
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - Marlene Arismendi-Macuer
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
| | - Leda Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - Waldo Acevedo
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.
| | - Daniel Aguayo
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vinet
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Micro Bioinnovación, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables (CREAS), Valparaíso 2362696, Chile.
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas-Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, CIETUS, IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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12
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Abstract
Currently, nanotechnology-based products are gaining tremendous interest in the development of nanocarriers for drug delivery and nano-diagnostic devices. Nanodroplets (NDs) emerge as novel carriers for delivery of gases and actives with a wide range of applications in fields of theranostics, drug delivery and diagnostic devices. NDs are multifunctional carriers composed of an outer shell of drug and polymer that encapsulates the inner core of gases and liquid molecules. This review focuses on properties of NDs, mathematical theories, different polymers used in the preparation of NDs, characterisation, animal models, toxicity and applications of NDs. These nanocarriers are advantageous due to their cost-effectiveness and compatibility with both gaseous and liquid core molecules. NDs are increasingly utilised in the field of healthcare due to their properties like large effective surface area for drug loading and target specificity. These nanocarriers are also employed in the treatment of hypoxia, multiple sclerosis and cancer. In the near future, NDs will advance in fields of personalised medicine and precise theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai , India
| | - Sajal Jain
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai , India
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Chiesa E, Dorati R, Pisani S, Conti B, Bergamini G, Modena T, Genta I. The Microfluidic Technique and the Manufacturing of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040267. [PMID: 30544868 PMCID: PMC6321127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microfluidic technique has emerged as a promising tool to accelerate the clinical translation of nanoparticles, and its application affects several aspects, such as the production of nanoparticles and the in vitro characterization in the microenvironment, mimicking in vivo conditions. This review covers the general aspects of the microfluidic technique and its application in several fields, such as the synthesis, recovering, and samples analysis of nanoparticles, and in vitro characterization and their in vivo application. Among these, advantages in the production of polymeric nanoparticles in a well-controlled, reproducible, and high-throughput manner have been highlighted, and detailed descriptions of microfluidic devices broadly used for the synthesis of polysaccharide nanoparticles have been provided. These nanoparticulate systems have drawn attention as drug delivery vehicles over many years; nevertheless, their synthesis using the microfluidic technique is still largely unexplored. This review deals with the use of the microfluidic technique for the synthesis of polysaccharide nanoparticles; evaluating features of the most studied polysaccharide drug carriers, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginate polymers. The critical assessment of the most recent research published in literature allows us to assume that microfluidics will play an important role in the discovery and clinical translation of nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bergamini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Massella D, Celasco E, Salaün F, Ferri A, Barresi AA. Overcoming the Limits of Flash Nanoprecipitation: Effective Loading of Hydrophilic Drug into Polymeric Nanoparticles with Controlled Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1092. [PMID: 30961017 PMCID: PMC6403626 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a widely used technique to prepare particulate carriers based on various polymers, and it was proven to be a promising technology for the industrial production of drug loaded nanoparticles. However, up to now, only its application to hydrophobic compounds has been deeply studied and the encapsulation of some strongly hydrophilic compounds, such as caffeine, remains a challenge. Caffeine loaded poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were produced in a confined impinging jet mixer using acetone as the solvent and water as the antisolvent. Caffeine was dissolved either in acetone or in water to assess the effects of two different process conditions. Nanoparticles properties were assessed in terms of loading capacity (LC%), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and in vitro release kinetics. Samples were further characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy to determine the size, morphology, and structure of nanoparticles. FNP was proved an effective technique for entrapping caffeine in PCL and to control its release behavior. The solvent used to solubilize caffeine influences the final structure of the obtained particles. It was observed that the active principle was preferentially adsorbed at the surface when using acetone, while with water, it was embedded in the matrix structure. The present research highlights the possibility of extending the range of applications of FNP to hydrophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Massella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), Italy.
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX-Laboratoire de Génie et Matériaux Textiles, F-59000 Lille, France.
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Edvige Celasco
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova (GE), Italy.
| | - Fabien Salaün
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX-Laboratoire de Génie et Matériaux Textiles, F-59000 Lille, France.
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ada Ferri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), Italy.
| | - Antonello A Barresi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (TO), Italy.
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