Schöneich C. Thiyl Radical Reactions in the Chemical Degradation of Pharmaceutical Proteins.
Molecules 2019;
24:E4357. [PMID:
31795282 PMCID:
PMC6930596 DOI:
10.3390/molecules24234357]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radical pathways play a major role in the degradation of protein pharmaceuticals. Inspired by biochemical reactions carried out by thiyl radicals in various enzymatic processes, this review focuses on the role of thiyl radicals in pharmaceutical protein degradation through hydrogen atom transfer, electron transfer, and addition reactions. These processes can lead to the epimerization of amino acids, as well as the formation of various cleavage products and cross-links. Examples are presented for human insulin, human and mouse growth hormone, and monoclonal antibodies.
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