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Atanga Adongo C, Anamaale Tuoyire D, Azuug M, Baffour Appiah A, Taale F, Amadu I. DECOLONISING VACCINE PRODUCTION: UNPACKING GHANAIANS’ SUPPORT FOR MADE-IN-AFRICA VACCINES. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100283. [PMID: 37008957 PMCID: PMC10064421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Localisation of vaccine production is essential worldwide, but it is particularly crucial for Africa. This continent is more vulnerable to disease burdens and also lags behind other continents regarding access to vaccines. Moreover, many people in Africa have a long-standing apathy towards locally made products and services. This mindset raises the question of whether Africans will support African-made vaccines and what the associated reasons are. Guided by the theories of nationalism and import substitution industrialisation, we formulated and tested eight hypotheses. To answer these, we analysed survey data from 6,731 residents backed by key informant interviews in Ghana. Our findings identified three types of local vaccine consumers: Afrocentric-ethnocentrics, Apathetic-Afrocentrics and Afrocentric-Fence Sitters. Four out of the eight hypothesised factors explain why some individuals have a positive attitude towards locally made vaccines, compared to those who are unsure of their stance. The proposed typology of local vaccine consumers and their defining characteristics can help design public health campaigns to mobilize support for locally produced vaccines.
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Dlozi PN, Gladchuk A, Crutchley RD, Keuler N, Coetzee R, Dube A. Cathelicidins and defensins antimicrobial host defense peptides in the treatment of TB and HIV: Pharmacogenomic and nanomedicine approaches towards improved therapeutic outcomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113189. [PMID: 35676789 PMCID: PMC9209695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent a significant burden of disease on a global scale. Despite improvements in the global epidemic status, largely facilitated by increased access to pharmacotherapeutic interventions, slow progress in the development of new clinical interventions coupled with growing antimicrobial resistance to existing therapies represents a global health crisis. There is an urgent need to expand the armamentarium of TB and HIV therapeutic strategies. Host mediated immune responses represent an untapped reservoir of novel approaches for TB and HIV. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an essential aspect of the immune system. Cathelicidins and defensins AMPs have been studied for their potential applications in TB and HIV therapeutic interventions. Genetic polymorphism across different population groups may affect endogenous expression or activity of AMPs, potentially influencing therapeutic outcomes. However, certain genetic polymorphisms in autophagy pathways may alter the downstream effects of nano-delivery of cathelicidin. On the other hand, certain genetic polymorphisms in beta-defensins may provide a protective role in reducing HIV-1 mother-to-child-transmission. Pharmaceutical development of cathelicidins and defensins is disadvantaged with complex challenges. Nanoparticle formulations improve pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility while facilitating targeted drug delivery, potentially minimising the risk of immunogenicity or non-specific haemolytic activity. This review aims to explore the potential viability of using cathelicidins and defensins as novel pharmacotherapy in the management of TB and HIV, highlight potential pharmacogenomic implications in host mediated immunity and AMP therapeutic applications, as well as propose novel drug delivery strategies represented by nanomedicine for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince N Dlozi
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Angelina Gladchuk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yakima, WA 98901, United States
| | - Rustin D Crutchley
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yakima, WA 98901, United States.
| | - Nicole Keuler
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Renier Coetzee
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Dube A, Egieyeh S, Balogun M. A Perspective on Nanotechnology and COVID-19 Vaccine Research and Production in South Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:2095. [PMID: 34696526 PMCID: PMC8539279 DOI: 10.3390/v13102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of a new generation of vaccines, which are playing a critical role in the global control of the COVID-19 pandemic and the return to normalcy. Vaccine development has been conducted, by and large, by countries in the global north. South Africa, as a major emerging economy, has made extensive investments in nanotechnology and bioinformatics and has the expertise and resources in vaccine development and manufacturing. This has been built at a national level through decades of investment. In this perspective article, we provide a synopsis of the investments made in nanotechnology and highlight how these could support innovation, research, and development for vaccines for this disease. We also discuss the application of bioinformatics tools to support rapid and cost-effective vaccine development and make recommendations for future research and development in this area to support future health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Samuel Egieyeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mohammed Balogun
- Biopolymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Mhambi S, Fisher D, Tchokonte MBT, Dube A. Permeation Challenges of Drugs for Treatment of Neurological Tuberculosis and HIV and the Application of Magneto-Electric Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1479. [PMID: 34575555 PMCID: PMC8466684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical structure of the brain at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) creates a limitation for the movement of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). Drug delivery facilitated by magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) is a relatively new non-invasive approach for the delivery of drugs into the CNS. These nanoparticles (NPs) can create localized transient changes in the permeability of the cells of the BBB by inducing electroporation. MENs can be applied to deliver antiretrovirals and antibiotics towards the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections in the CNS. This review focuses on the drug permeation challenges and reviews the application of MENs for drug delivery for these diseases. We conclude that MENs are promising systems for effective CNS drug delivery and treatment for these diseases, however, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to achieve translation of this approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinaye Mhambi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | | | - Admire Dube
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
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Ramburrun P, Pringle NA, Dube A, Adam RZ, D'Souza S, Aucamp M. Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Biocompatible Materials for Dental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3167. [PMID: 34207552 PMCID: PMC8229368 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of secondary bacterial infections resulting from dental procedures has driven the design of antimicrobial and antifouling dental materials to curb pathogenic microbial growth, biofilm formation and subsequent oral and dental diseases. Studies have investigated approaches based primarily on contact-killing or release-killing materials. These materials are designed for addition into dental resins, adhesives and fillings or as immobilized coatings on tooth surfaces, titanium implants and dental prosthetics. This review discusses the recent developments in the different classes of biomaterials for antimicrobial and antifouling dental applications: polymeric drug-releasing materials, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, polymeric biocides and antimicrobial peptides. With modifications to improve cytotoxicity and mechanical properties, contact-killing and anti-adhesion materials show potential for incorporation into dental materials for long-term clinical use as opposed to short-lived antimicrobial release-based coatings. However, extended durations of biocompatibility testing, and adjustment of essential biomaterial features to enhance material longevity in the oral cavity require further investigations to confirm suitability and safety of these materials in the clinical setting. The continuous exposure of dental restorative and regenerative materials to pathogenic microbes necessitates the implementation of antimicrobial and antifouling materials to either replace antibiotics or improve its rational use, especially in the day and age of the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Ramburrun
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Nadine A Pringle
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Razia Z Adam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sarah D'Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Marique Aucamp
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Aminu N, Bello I, Umar NM, Tanko N, Aminu A, Audu MM. The influence of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in drug therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Choi Y, Do JT, Park C, Hong K, Kim JH, Song H. Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles-Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1645. [PMID: 32825737 PMCID: PMC7557932 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
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Carratalá JV, Serna N, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Ferrer-Miralles N. Nanostructured antimicrobial peptides: The last push towards clinics. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107603. [PMID: 32738381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide drugs hold great potential for the treatment of infectious diseases due to their unconventional mechanisms of action, biocompatibility, biodegradability and ease of synthesis and modification. The increasing rising of bacterial strains resistant to classical antibiotics have pushed the development of new peptide-based antimicrobial therapies. In this context, over the past few years, different approaches have reached a clinical approval. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnological principles to the design of antimicrobial peptide-based composites increases even more the already known benefits of antimicrobial peptides as competent protein drugs. Then, we provide here an overview of the current strategies for antimicrobial peptide discovery and modification and the status of such peptides already under clinical development. In addition, we summarize the innovative formulation strategies for their application, focusing on the controlled self-assembly for the fabrication of antimicrobial nanostructures without the assistance of external nanocarriers, and with emphasis on bioengineering, design of ultra-short peptides and rising insights in bacterial selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vicente Carratalá
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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