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Liu L, Brokenshire B, Davies D, Harrison J. Preliminary feasibility assessment of a targeted, pharmacist-led intervention for older adults with polypharmacy: a mixed-methods study. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:1102-1113. [PMID: 38753077 PMCID: PMC11399159 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy is associated with the prescription of inappropriate medications and avoidable medication-related harm. A novel pharmacist-led intervention aims to identify and resolve inappropriate medication prescriptions in older adults with polypharmacy. AIM To conduct a preliminary feasibility assessment of the intervention in primary care, testing whether specific components of the intervention procedures and processes can be executed as intended. METHOD The mixed-methods study was approved by the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committees and public health agency. Patients from a New Zealand general practice clinic were recruited over 4 weeks to receive the intervention. The preliminary feasibility assessment included measures of intervention delivery, patient-reported outcome measures, and perspectives from ten patients and six clinicians. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to determine if a full-scale intervention trial is warranted. The study's progression criteria were based on established research and guided the decision-making process. RESULTS The intervention met the study's progression criteria, including patient recruitment, retention, and adherence to the intervention procedures. However, several modifications were identified, including: (1) enhancing patient recruitment, (2) conducting a preliminary meeting between the patient and pharmacist, (3) supporting pharmacists in maintaining a patient-centred approach, (4) reviewing the choice of patient-reported outcome measure, (5) extending the 8-week follow-up period, (6) allocating more time for pharmacists to conduct the intervention. CONCLUSION The study found the intervention feasible; however, additional development is required before progressing to a full-scale trial. This intervention has the potential to effectively reduce medication-related harm and improve outcomes for older adults with polypharmacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000268842 Date registered: 11/03/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Primary, Public and Community Health, Te Whatu Ora MidCentral District, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bernadette Brokenshire
- Primary, Public and Community Health, Te Whatu Ora MidCentral District, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Davies
- Primary, Public and Community Health, Te Whatu Ora MidCentral District, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jeff Harrison
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Murry LT, Desselle SP. Barriers to person-centered service design in pharmacy practice: examples, lessons, and potential solutions. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:542-547. [PMID: 38194008 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite increased attention to, and frameworks conceptualizing person-centered care, systematic, organizational, and provider-level barriers continue to discourage the development and delivery of person-centered care (PCC) in pharmacy practice and beyond. This commentary describes existing pharmacy-specific literature related to PCC, barriers to PCC within the context of pharmacy practice, and potential solutions to increase person-centeredness in pharmacy services. Literature to substantiate and describe barriers and potential solutions was identified from 2008 to 2023, a period where the emphasis on PCC in pharmacy practice dramatically increased. Overall, pharmacy-specific literature was identified describing four key barriers to PCC. Several potential solutions were identified, including: using innovative and theory-informed approaches to collecting individual need and preference information, employing processes and equipping providers to facilitate trust, changing organizational culture, and aligning quality metrics and financial incentives with PCC. Identified solutions may be used to address individual, organizational, and systematic barriers to promote PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan T Murry
- The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, 180 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, Chicago, IL, 60603, USA.
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Te Paske R, Vervloet M, Linn AJ, Brabers AEM, van Boven JFM, van Dijk L. The impact of trust in healthcare and medication, and beliefs about medication on medication adherence in a Dutch medication-using population. J Psychosom Res 2023; 174:111472. [PMID: 37741115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trust in healthcare and medication, defined as feelings of reassurance and confidence in the healthcare system or medication, may be a key prerequisite before engaging in the use of medication. However, earlier studies have focussed on beliefs about medication rather than trust as predictors of medication adherence. This study therefore aims to simultaneously explore the relationship of trust in healthcare, medication and beliefs about medication, with medication adherence. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was sent out to 1500 members of the Dutch Health Care Consumer Panel of Nivel in November 2018. Respondents were asked to grade their level of trust in healthcare and medication (scale 1-10). The Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) for general and specific medication beliefs was used to address beliefs, the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) to measure medication adherence. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with a backward stepwise approach. Out of 753 people that completed the questionnaire, 407 people used prescription medication and were included in the analyses. RESULTS A positive association between trust in medication and medication adherence was found (0.044, p < 0.05). BMQ subscales Overuse (-0.083, p < 0.05), Necessity (0.075, p < 0.05) and Concerns (-0.134, p < 0.01) related with medication adherence. BMQ subscale Harm did not relate to medication adherence. CONCLUSION Trust in medication and beliefs about medication were both individually associated with medication adherence. Healthcare providers should therefore not only focus on patients' medication beliefs, but also on strengthening patients' trust in medication to improve medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Te Paske
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, - Epidemiology & -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcia Vervloet
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J Linn
- University of Amsterdam/Amsterdam School of Communication Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne E M Brabers
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Job F M van Boven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liset van Dijk
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, - Epidemiology & -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Yang DW, Son KB. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Public Perceptions of the Roles and Functions of Community Pharmacies in South Korea: Updated Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Web-Based Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e46723. [PMID: 37390391 PMCID: PMC10453941 DOI: 10.2196/46723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists confronted dual burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding the scope of pharmaceutical practices. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the perceived roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic and to explore their updated roles after the pandemic began. METHODS We conducted a self-reported web-based survey in October 2022. Based on Korean census data, we recruited the study participants (n=1000) through quota sampling stratified by age, sex, and region, yielding a 7.45% (1000/13,423) response rate. The questionnaires were composed of 3 sections: demographics, the roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic, and the updated roles of community pharmacies during disasters. Each question in the second and third sections was rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and each item's mean scores and SDs were reported. The study participants were categorized into 2 groups: individuals who had a family pharmacy and those who did not. A chi-square test and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Out of 1000 respondents, 418 (41.8%) had a history of COVID-19, and 639 (63.9%) had a family pharmacy. Assigning specific roles and functions to community pharmacies during the pandemic contributed to positive assessments. Respondents gave higher scores to community pharmacies that had responded appropriately (a mean Likert score of 3.66, SD .077 out of 5) and provided continuous pharmaceutical services (mean 3.67, SD 0.87) during the pandemic. The pandemic served as an opportunity to positively recognize the role of community pharmacies (mean 3.59, SD 0.83). In the ordered logistic model, having a family pharmacy was consistently associated with positive perceptions. Respondents perceived that community pharmacies collaborated with general practitioners and health authorities. However, community pharmacies need to function appropriately in terms of knowledge. The mean score of the 4 domains of community pharmacy functions was the highest for collaboration (mean 3.66, SD 0.83), followed by communication (mean 3.57, SD 0.87), responsiveness (mean 3.54, SD 0.87), and knowledge (mean 3.41, SD 0.91). CONCLUSIONS The pandemic resulted in interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners. Family pharmacies could be a valuable asset to the comprehensive case management of patients. However, community pharmacists should have the expertise to build solid interprofessional collaborations and fulfill their expanded and updated roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Son
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Adekunle OA, Olson AW, Schommer JC, Brown LM. Influence of patient-pharmacist relationship on willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 63:760-768.e1. [PMID: 36642668 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willingness to accept various pharmacist-provided services such as health promotion and medication management is still considered low. Evidence suggests that patient experience and socio-demographics partially explain patient willingness to use pharmacy services. However, the influence of a patient's relationship with their pharmacist may provide additional explanatory power. OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to [1] explore the willingness to accept pharmacy services across patients' relationship with pharmacists and [2] evaluate the association between the patient-pharmacist relationship and patients' willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. METHODS A total of 1521 respondents' data on the types of patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept dispensing, drug information, medication management, and health promotional services were collected from the 2021 National Consumer Survey on Medication Experience and Pharmacists' Role. Willingness scores across the groups were evaluated using chi-square and analysis of variance. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. RESULTS More respondents were "definitely willing" to accept dispensing services (68.5%) and drug information (68.3%), while 56.5% and 50.1% were "definitely willing" to accept health promotion and medication management services, respectively. While respondents with "customer" and "client" archetype relationships were definitely willing to accept the 4 categories of pharmacy services, the highest proportion of respondents definitely willing to accept the services was observed among those with "partner" archetype relationships. Willingness scores increased significantly across the archetype relationships. Respondents with a "partner" archetype relationship had the highest and most significant odds ratio of accepting all the categories of pharmacist-provided services. CONCLUSION Willingness to accept services from pharmacists increased as the level of the patient-pharmacist relationship grew. Patients in "partner" archetype relationship were significantly more likely to accept all categories of pharmacist-provided services. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace the patient-pharmacist relationship continuum to optimize patient care.
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Michael E, Nurahmed A, Mihreteab H, Nurhussien M, Adem M, Goitom A, Mihreteab Siele S, Tesfamariam EH, Abdu N. Patient-Centered Communication Among Pharmacy Professionals Working in Hospitals and Drug Retail Outlets in Asmara, Eritrea: Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Barriers. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 11:153-164. [PMID: 36225609 PMCID: PMC9550171 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s363931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, preventable medication-related problems are increasing constantly. Patient-centered communication (PCC) is essential to identify and reduce the occurrence of drug-related problems such as inappropriate use of medications, adverse drug reactions and non-adherence. In Eritrea, personal observations and anecdotal reports showed that pharmacy professionals' practice towards PCC was unsatisfactory. This study was conducted to assess pharmacy professionals' knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and barriers towards the practice of PCC. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study design was employed among all pharmacy professionals who were employees of the drug retail outlets and hospital out-patient pharmacies of Asmara, Eritrea. A census approach was employed and data were collected from May to June 2021 using a face to face interview-based data collection tool. Descriptive and analytical statistics including independent samples t-test and multiple linear regression were employed using IBM SPSS (version-26). RESULTS A total of 79 pharmacy professionals with a median age of 36 (IQR: 20) years were included in the study. The mean (SD) knowledge score of PCC was found to be 11.91 (2.0) out of 17. Moreover, the mean (SD) attitude score was 39.55 (4.0) out of 60 and the overall mean (SD) self-efficacy score was 52.51 (12.0) out of 96. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with attitude (p=0.015). Work setting (p=0.002) and training (p=0.045) were predictors for the sub-scales of self-efficacy 'exploring patient's perspectives' and 'dealing with communicative challenges', respectively. Workload/shortage of pharmacy professionals and time constraint were found to be the main barriers of the pharmacy professionals for not practicing PCC. CONCLUSION Generally the pharmacy professionals' fairly encouraging knowledge and attitude score on PCC, it was not supported with their self-efficacy. This necessitates further attention from policy makers and health facility managers in creating an ideal working environment for the pharmacy professionals to practice PCC at their best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Michael
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Abdulaziz Nurahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Haben Mihreteab
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Mohammed Nurhussien
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Mohammedali Adem
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Alemseghed Goitom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Senai Mihreteab Siele
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy Unit, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Eyasu H Tesfamariam
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Mai-Nefhi, Eritrea
| | - Nuru Abdu
- Department of Pharmacy, Adi-Tekelezan Community Hospital, Adi-Tekelezan, Eritrea,Correspondence: Nuru Abdu, Department of Pharmacy, Adi-Tekelezan Community Hospital, Adi-Tekelezan, Eritrea, Tel +291-7262928, Email
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Rusu A, Chereches MC, Popa C, Botezatu R, Lungu IA, Moldovan OL. Community pharmacist's perspective regarding patient-centred communication in conjunction with pharmaceutical practice: a cross-sectional survey. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1327-1344. [PMID: 36249938 PMCID: PMC9561180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective communication between pharmacists and patients is essential for therapeutic success. The pharmacist's perspective may differ from that of the patient in terms of effective communication. Our study aimed to assess the communication efficiency in the pharmacist-patient relationship from the pharmacists’ perspective. We hypothesize that the community pharmacist's perspective can lead to relevant aspects of patient-centred communication and their profession. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire addressed to pharmacists. A number of 506 questionnaires were collected, evaluated, analyzed and interpreted. The questionnaire focused on the following main issues: degree of job satisfaction, essential skills of a pharmacist working in a community pharmacy, different aspects of pharmacist-patient communication, shared decision-making, patient monitoring plan and other elements related to a patient under treatment (healthy lifestyle, receptivity to counselling, loyalty and appreciation of pharmaceutical services). The pharmacist's efficiency in communication with the patient and professional education were also targeted in the study. There are no significant differences between job satisfaction in women compared to men. However, the job satisfaction increases with the average age. Caregiver, communicator and life-long learner were identified as essential skills of a pharmacist. Pharmacists participating in the study generally perceive themselves as good communicators with the patient. Nevertheless, many particular aspects of communication with patients can be greatly improved. The lack of training in the spirit of the „patient-centred communication” concept has been identified. Still, more than a third of the respondents are missing the need for professional training. A periodic evaluation of the efficiency of pharmacist-patient communication in the community pharmacy is necessary. The degree of subjectivity of the pharmacist from this perspective and self-sufficiency would be significantly diminished if the pharmacists had access to the results of the periodic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Communication Techniques Discipline, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Marius Călin Chereches
- Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Management Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Cristian Popa
- Faculty of European Studies, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400090 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Botezatu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Communication Techniques Discipline, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Lungu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Corresponding author.
| | - Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Sturgiss EA, Peart A, Richard L, Ball L, Hunik L, Chai TL, Lau S, Vadasz D, Russell G, Stewart M. Who is at the centre of what? A scoping review of the conceptualisation of 'centredness' in healthcare. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059400. [PMID: 35501096 PMCID: PMC9062794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the core elements of centredness in healthcare literature. Our overall research question is: How has centredness been represented within the health literature published between 1990 and 2019? METHODS A scoping review across five databases (Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid) and Scopus; August 2019) to identify all peer-reviewed literature published since 1990 that focused on the concept of centredness in any healthcare discipline or setting. Screening occurred in duplicate by a multidisciplinary, multinational team. The team met regularly to iteratively develop and refine a coding template that was used in analysis and discuss the interpretations of centredness reported in the literature. RESULTS A total of 23 006 title and abstracts, and 499 full-text articles were screened. A total of 159 articles were included in the review. Most articles were from the USA, and nursing was the disciplinary perspective most represented. We identified nine elements of centredness: Sharing power; Sharing responsibility; Therapeutic relationship/bond/alliance; Patient as a person; Biopsychosocial; Provider as a person; Co-ordinated care; Access; Continuity of care. There was little variation in the concept of centredness no matter the preceding word (eg, patient-/person-/client-), healthcare setting or disciplinary lens. Improving health outcomes was the most common justification for pursuing centredness as a concept, and respect was the predominant driving value of the research efforts. The patient perspective was rarely included in the papers (15% of papers). CONCLUSIONS Centredness is consistently conceptualised, regardless of the preceding word, disciplinary lens or nation of origin. Further research should focus on centring the patient perspective and prioritise research that considers more diverse cultural perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ann Sturgiss
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annette Peart
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauralie Richard
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Ball
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University,School of Public Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liesbeth Hunik
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tze Lin Chai
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Lau
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Vadasz
- Health Issues Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Russell
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira Stewart
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Husted GR, Hansen RN, El-Souri M, Lorenzen JK, Iversen PB, Rossing CV. What do persons with diabetes want from community pharmacies? A qualitative study. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2677. [PMID: 35919802 PMCID: PMC9296095 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.2.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a demanding disease with a complex treatment regimen. Many persons with diabetes have difficulty managing their disease and taking medication as prescribed, possibly because they lack knowledge and sometimes misinterpret medical benefits. Community pharmacies continuously provide professional counselling to persons with diabetes. Objective This study aimed to explore 1) which services adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes want from community pharmacies and 2) how pharmacies can meet these wishes. Methods A qualitative, explorative study design using focus group interviews was chosen. Informants were recruited from Region Zealand in Denmark. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results Thirteen adults (11 female) with the mean age of 66.2 years (range 49-81 years) participated in one physical (n=6) or one online (n=7) focus group interview. Ten had type 2 diabetes, three had type 1 diabetes. The average duration of participants' diabetes was 13.4 years (range 2.3-33.0 years). The analysis revealed three overall themes of the functions which the informants would like community pharmacies to fulfil: 1) raise awareness of pharmacies' counselling service and competences; 2) act as a dialogue partner; 3) be a source of information and guidance about local activities and support. Conclusion The informants did not regard community pharmacies as a natural part of the healthcare system or as a place where they would expect counselling. They would like the community pharmacy to make their medical competences and services obvious and the community pharmacy staff to act as a dialogue partner and provide competent counselling. The informants would like to have a contact person with diabetes competences with whom they can book an appointment to complement over-the-counter counselling. They experience a gap in their care between routine visits in the healthcare system and suggest that community pharmacies counselling services become a natural supplement and that healthcare professionals in the primary and secondary sectors inform patients about the services - especially for patients newly diagnosed with diabetes. Finally, they would like a formal collaboration between diabetes associations and community pharmacies to make their competences, services and information visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Reventlov Husted
- PhD, MScN, Consultant, Department of Research and Development, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmakon, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Nørgaard Hansen
- MSc Pharmacy, Head of Research and Development, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmakon, Denmark.
| | - Mira El-Souri
- MSc Pharmacy, Consultant, Department of Research and Development, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmakon, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Charlotte Verner Rossing
- PhD, MSc. Pharmacy, Director of Research and Development, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmakon, Denmark.
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Baumgartner PC, Comment N, Hersberger KE, Arnet I. Development and testing of a framework for defining a strategy to address medication adherence during patient encounters in community pharmacies. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2022; 5:100123. [PMID: 35478506 PMCID: PMC9031683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Counseling patients on medication adherence could be ameliorated in pharmacy practice. There is a lack of simple and practical strategies to address medication adherence with patients in daily practice. The goal was to develop and test a framework that allows pharmacy teams to define and apply a strategy to address medication adherence in community pharmacies. Methods A framework based on the principles of social marketing was developed. It consisted of 3 items: the target patient (“Who”), the target plan (“How”), and the target goal (“How many”). To test the framework, each participating pharmacy team developed their strategy by defining the 3 items and applied them during one pilot day. A master student observed the encounters between patients and pharmacy team members and used a structured checklist to document the patient's characteristics, counseling content, and strategy use. Pharmacy teams answered a feedback questionnaire at the end of the pilot day. Results Ten pharmacy teams were included. During a brainstorming session that lasted on average 31 ± 8 min, unique strategies comprised 18 different target patients and 20 different target plans. The planned target goal was a mean of 31 patients (range: 1 to “all”). A total of 325 encounters were observed, of which 208 patients (64%) corresponded to the predefined target patients. Medication adherence was addressed with 73 patients (22.5%), and adherence counseling was performed with 50 patients (15%). The pharmacy teams accepted the framework and judged it feasible and adaptable to their needs. Conclusion The proposed framework represents a simple tool that enables pharmacy teams to develop a strategy for addressing medication adherence in community pharmacies. Its adoption by pharmacy teams occurred without additional training and its integration into daily practice without difficulties. A further study is now needed to investigate if pharmacy teams can successfully engage patients in discussion on medication adherence and ultimately propose targeted adherence interventions. A 3-item framework to address medication adherence in pharmacies was introduced. The three framework was well received by the pharmacy teams. The adoption of the 3-item framework by the pharmacy teams was simple and quick. The teams chose target patient not according to known factors for poor adherence Patients reacted mainly positively when asked about medication adherence
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11
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Xu K, Nolan S, Mihic T, Ti L. Improving Opioid Stewardship Programs Through Shared Decision Making. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:697-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Olson AW, Isetts BJ, Stratton TP, Vaidyanathan R, Hager KD, Schommer JC. Addressing Hidden Curricula That Subvert the Patient-Centeredness "Hub" of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process "Wheel". AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:ajpe8665. [PMID: 34301574 PMCID: PMC8887054 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This systematic review's purpose is to improve clarity for the meaning of patient-centered care in the JCPP Pharmacists' Patient Care Process and to provide an initial foothold for faculty to address "hidden curricula" that undermine the concept. Our corresponding objectives were to identify and describe the conceptualizations defining patient-centered care from the pharmacy literature; and compare the meaning of patient-centeredness in the pharmacy literature with the construct's seminal conceptualizations from other professional groups.Findings. The search protocol produced 61 unique sources from the pharmacy literature. More than two-thirds of these results lacked precise use of terminology consistent with the literature or operational depth or theoretical exploration of the term's meaning. The remaining sources yielded two separate conceptualizations of patient-centeredness with three commonalities but key differences between their grounding in the construct's seminal sources in the broader health care literature.Summary. The pharmacy literature clarifies the meaning of patient-centered care in the patient-pharmacist encounter, but additional understanding is needed at meso- (ie, health care) and macro-levels (ie, legislation, accreditation, payment, workforce dynamics) of care. This expansion of understanding may reduce dissonance between the formal and hidden curricula on patient-centeredness associated with health professional student disillusionment, contempt for faculty and institutions, and reductions in empathy and ethics. Increasing use of integrative case-based training, equitably blending patient-centeredness considerations with other curricular content, represents one strategy for reducing the presence and negative impact of hidden curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J Isetts
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Rajiv Vaidyanathan
- University of Minnesota, Labovitz School of Business & Economics, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Keri D Hager
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jon C Schommer
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Al Zaidan M, Mohammed AM, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Al Mahmoud M, Al Abdulla S, Al-Kuwari MG. Pharmaceutical Care Service at Primary Health Care Centers: An Insight on Patient Satisfaction. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:6170062. [PMID: 35685526 PMCID: PMC9159133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient's health care experiences and satisfaction are frequently used as a healthcare quality indicator. AIM The study aims to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction with the pharmacy services provided at the Primary Health Care Corporation's (PHCC) pharmacies in Qatar. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in December of 2019. The study's setting is the Primary Health Care centers' pharmacies. All adult patients (≥18 years old) with mobile phone numbers documented on file who had their prescription orders filled at the PHCC's pharmacy units in 2019 were included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to present the findings. The significance level was set at the alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS The usable responses were 9,564 from the total participants. Around 55.2% (N = 5,283) were males, 56.5% (N = 5,405) were in the age group (25-40), 19.2% (N = 1,837) were Qatari nationals, 39.7% (N = 3,801) had their medication dispensed in the Central Region of the State of Qatar, and 72.8% (N = 6,964) had at least undergraduate or higher degrees. The overall mean (SD) satisfaction score was (3.24 ± 0.629). Participants were less satisfied with their pharmacist's communication, especially offering information about medication's side effects (2.61 ± 1.2) and general health counselling (2.39 ± 1.2). Respondents were also less satisfied with waiting time (3.02 ± 1.3). Waiting time, gender, age, nationality, geographical region of the pharmacy, educational level, and familiarity with the PHCC were significantly associated with satisfaction level. CONCLUSION The patients were reasonably satisfied, and the satisfaction level differed among different sociodemographic groups. Based on the public's needs and expectations, pharmacists need to continuously improve their effort to enhance the healthcare quality in the organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Al Zaidan
- Director of Pharmacy, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Azza Mustafa Mohammed
- Directorate of Strategy Planning and Health Intelligence, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mashael Al Mahmoud
- Clinical Affairs Directorate, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samya Al Abdulla
- Directorate of Operations, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Directorate of Strategy Planning and Health Intelligence, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Frenzel O, Eukel H, Lothspeich E, Skoy E, Steig J, Strand M, Werremeyer A. Opioid risk screening: Program evaluation from the community pharmacists' perspective. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 62:859-863.e1. [PMID: 34953730 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacist-implemented screening programs can be improved through continuous program evaluation. Pharmacists are in a position to determine whether interventions are realistic and efficacious when used in practice. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate how community pharmacists perceive the use of an opioid risk screening for patients receiving opioid prescriptions and the associated implications for improved patient-centered care. METHODS North Dakota community pharmacists received training on the use of an opioid risk tool for all patients filling an opioid prescription to evaluate for opioid misuse and overdose risk potential. Pharmacists then implemented the screening in their community pharmacy to screen all patients prescribed an opioid. Six months after implementation, pharmacists across the state were surveyed regarding their perception of the value of screening patients for the risk of opioid misuse and overdose. The survey questions used the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation focusing on utility, propriety, feasibility, and accuracy. RESULTS All pharmacists (n = 35) indicated the opioid risk screening improved patient communication and patient-centered interventions. A total of 97% of pharmacists agreed the opioid screening tool provided an objective measure in providing care to patients and improved the potential for patient safety during prescription opioid use. Although 66% of pharmacists disagreed that the screening process was time consuming, 14% of respondents agreed with this statement indicating they may require additional assistance to optimize their workflow. CONCLUSION The results of this study support that opioid risk screening ensures utility for opioid risk stratification, feasibility to incorporate into existing workflow, and propriety for patient safety and well-being.
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Nguyen W, O'Reilly CL, Moles RJ, Robinson JD, Brand-Eubanks D, Kim AP, El-Den S. A systematic review of patient interactions with student pharmacists in educational settings. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:678-693.e3. [PMID: 34483057 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients may contribute to various aspects of student pharmacists' education within clinical, experiential and educational settings. There is an emerging body of literature describing and evaluating the contribution of patients to health care education; however, little is known about patients' contribution to pharmacy education specifically within educational settings. OBJECTIVE To explore the evidence relating to the involvement of patients in the education of student pharmacists, in terms of the nature, extent, and outcomes of their contribution. METHODS A systematic literature search was undertaken within Embase, MEDLINE, Education Resources Information Center, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases from inception to April 10, 2020. Inclusion criteria included primary research studies reporting on the active involvement of patients in pharmacy education, within an educational setting. Quality assessment appraisal for the included studies was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Nine studies explored the use of patients as educators providing valuable insight about their lived experience. Six studies involved patients in question-and-answer sessions, providing students with opportunities to inquire about their lived experience in relation to medicines, health care, and medical conditions. Studies that reported on students' learning outcomes demonstrated improvements in communication skills, deeper understanding of patients' lived experience particularly relating to mental illness, and increased confidence in providing care for patients. Among patients, participation in the educational process led to greater satisfaction, empowerment, and knowledge from sharing personal experiences. There were no clinical outcomes measured among patients participating in the included studies. The 5 nonrandomized quantitative studies ranged from low to moderate levels of quality, the 4 mixed-methods studies were of low quality, and the 3 qualitative studies were of high quality. CONCLUSION The involvement of patients in the education of student pharmacists was found to benefit both patients and students. Student-specific outcomes included development of communication skills and new insights about patients' lived experience. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term impact of patient involvement in pharmacy education, in terms of students' learning outcomes and clinical outcomes among patients.
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Frakking T, Michaels S, Orbell-Smith J, Le Ray L. Framework for patient, family-centred care within an Australian Community Hospital: development and description. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 9:bmjoq-2019-000823. [PMID: 32354755 PMCID: PMC7213886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a patient and family-centred care (PFCC) conceptual framework within a small community Australian Hospital. METHODS A scoping review of scientific and grey literature and community hospital stakeholder discussions were used to identify and design a conceptual framework for PFCC across five core pillars of leadership, engagement, service delivery, learning and environment. RESULTS 107 publications were identified and 76 were included for data extraction. A draft framework was constructed and modified following consultation with hospital stakeholders across a small Australian Community Hospital. The 'Caring Together' framework outlines three core layers: (1) the focus of our care is the experiences of our consumers and staff; (2) concepts of leadership, environment, service delivery, engagement and learning; and (3) the overarching fundamental values of being heard, respected, valued and supported by staff and consumers at all levels in an organisation. CONCLUSIONS The conceptual Caring Together framework structures key PFCC concepts across organisational priority areas within an Australian healthcare setting and can be used to guide implementation of PFCC at other small hospital facilities. Changes to national and state healthcare funding may help facilitate improved hospital facility implementation of PFCC, and ultimately improve consumer healthcare satisfaction and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Frakking
- Research Development Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia .,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Michaels
- Engagement & Integration, Caboolture Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Orbell-Smith
- Education & Training, Caboolture Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lance Le Ray
- Executive Management, Caboolture Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
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Wolters M, van Paassen JG, Minjon L, Hempenius M, Blokzijl MR, Blom L. Design of a Pharmacy Curriculum on Patient Centered Communication Skills. PHARMACY 2021; 9:22. [PMID: 33467691 PMCID: PMC7838998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For delivering high quality pharmaceutical care pharmacy students need to develop the competences for patient centered communication. The aim of the article is to describe how a curriculum on patient centered communication can be designed for a pharmacy program. General educational principles for curriculum design are based on the theories of constructive alignment, self-directed learning and the self-determination theory. Other principles are paying systematic and explicit attention to skills development, learning skills in the context of the pharmacy practice and using a well-balanced system for the assessment of students' performance. Effective educational methods for teaching communication skills are small group training sessions preferably with (simulation) patients, preceded by lectures or e-learning modules. For (formative or summative) assessment different methods can be used. The Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is preferred for summative assessment of communication competence. The principles and educational methods are illustrated with examples from the curriculum of the master Pharmacy program of Utrecht University (The Netherlands). The topics 'pharmaceutical consultations on prescription medicine,' 'pharmaceutical consultations on self-care medication' and 'clinical medication reviews' are described in detail. Finally, lessons learned are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majanne Wolters
- Division Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80 082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.G.v.P.); (L.M.); (M.H.); (M.-R.B.); (L.B.)
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Bužančić I, Dragović P, Pejaković TI, Markulin L, Ortner-Hadžiabdić M. Exploring Patients' Attitudes Toward Deprescribing and Their Perception of Pharmacist Involvement in a European Country: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2197-2208. [PMID: 34588769 PMCID: PMC8476111 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s323846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how adult patients perceive deprescribing in a country with developing pharmaceutical care. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in ten community pharmacies across Croatia. Community-dwelling adults 40 years and older, taking at least one prescription medication long term, were invited to participate. The revised and validated Patients' Attitude Towards Deprescribing Questionnaire was used to investigate community-dwelling adults' opinions on potential medication discontinuation. Questions regarding the patients' perception of pharmacist competences and involvement as well as patients' preferences in deprescribing were added. Collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to explore potential predictive factors of willingness to have medication deprescribed. All tests were performed as two-tailed and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 315 adults aged 40 years and older completed the questionnaire. Majority of participants, 83.81% (95% CI, 79.72% to 87.90%) stated that they were satisfied with their medications, and 83.81% (95% CI, 79.72% to 87.90%) would be willing to deprescribe one or more medications. Participants expressed a positive attitude toward pharmacists' competences (68.89%, 95% CI, 63.75% to 74.03%) and involvement in deprescribing (71.11%, 95% CI, 66.08% to 76.14%). Participants who stated specific medication as deprescribing preference were more likely show dissatisfaction with current medication and show greater willingness to have medication deprescribed. Three factors were found to be associated with a positive attitude towards deprescribing: low concerns about stopping factor score (aOR 0.54, 95% CU=0.35-0.84; p=0.006), low appropriateness factor score (aOR 0.62, 95% CI=0.39-0.98; p=0.039), and a positive opinion on pharmacist involvement (aOR 2.35, 95% CI=1.18-4.70; p= 0.016). CONCLUSION This study showed the patient's willingness for deprescription as well as their positive attitude towards pharmacists being involved in the process. Results favour transition to a patient-centred care and shared-decision making model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bužančić
- City Pharmacies Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
| | | | | | - Luka Markulin
- Pharmacy Unit, Psychiatric Hospital Ugljan, Ugljan, 23275, Ugljan Island, Croatia
| | - Maja Ortner-Hadžiabdić
- Centre for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
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Fosgerau CF, Kaae S. Furthering patient-centered counseling: Exploring new aspects around pharmacists' experiences in pharmacy encounters through video-stimulated recall interviewing. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:723-732. [PMID: 32788084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on pharmacy communication have illustrated problems with patient-centeredness. Exploring pharmacists' experiences of pharmacy counseling in depth is essential to understand what hinders patient-centeredness. Existing studies, based primarily on surveys and qualitative interviews, tap into perceptions of pharmacy counseling that are informed by general conceptualizations rather than what participants actually experience during the encounters. Thus, important aspects of the dynamics of pharmacy encounters might be missed. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential of the method video-stimulated recall interview (VSRI)( Wolters et al., 2017) 1 in a pharmacy setting to gain new insights into pharmacists' experiences of patient encounters. This includes: 1) to investigate the potential of VSRI to reveal accurate and immediate perceptions of pharmacy encounters, and 2) to identify specific perceptions that pharmacists report in VSRIs. METHODS Seven VSRIs conducted in 2 different community pharmacies in Denmark were analyzed. Videos of at-the-counter meetings were recorded (interaction1), and then selected for replay in a VSRI between a researcher and the pharmacist featured in the video (interaction2). Descriptive categories that characterized pharmacists' experiences with the encounter were inferred from interview statements. RESULTS New barriers to patient-centeredness were identified: pharmacists' experiences revealed that they were affected by patients' moods and that they found it inappropriate when patients disclosed personal perspectives. Also, pharmacists seemed to disregard that active listening requires responsiveness and should be seen as a process that pharmacists co-construct together with the patient. CONCLUSION The method of VSRI proved useful in revealing new dynamics of pharmacy interaction and pinpointing shortcomings in how pharmacists communicate with patients. Based on the findings, suggestions for how to establish better patient-centered communication are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fogtmann Fosgerau
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, Psychology of Language, Njalsgade 120, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Kaae
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim MG, Lee NE, Sohn HS. Gap between patient expectation and perception during pharmacist–patient communication at community pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:677-684. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mohiuddin AK. The New Era of Pharmacists in Ambulatory Patient Care. Innov Pharm 2019; 10:10.24926/iip.v10i1.1622. [PMID: 34007527 PMCID: PMC7643699 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v10i1.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy is evolving from a product-oriented to a patient-oriented profession. This role modification is extremely healthy for the patient, the pharmacist, and other members of the health-care team. However, the evolution will present pharmacists with a number of new challenges. Now, more than in the past, pharmacists must make the acquisition of contemporary practice knowledge and skills a high priority, to render the level of service embodied in the concept of pharmaceutical care. Pharmacy educators' organizations and regulatory bodies must all work together to support pharmacists as they assume expanded health-care roles. Pharmacy and the healthcare industry must work to ensure that the pharmacist is compensated justly for all services. But before this can happen it will be necessary for pharmacy to demonstrate value-added to the cost of the prescription. Marketing of the purpose of pharmacy in the health-care morass and of the services provided by the pharmacist is needed to generate an appropriate perceived value among purchasers and users of health-care services. Pharmacists should view themselves as dispensers of therapy and drug effect interpretations as well as of drugs themselves. Service components of pharmacy should be identified clearly to third party payers and be visible to consumers, so that they know what is available at what cost and how it may be accessed. In the future, pharmacy services must be evaluated on patient outcome (i.e., pharmaceutical care) rather than the number of prescriptions dispensed, and pharmacy must evolve toward interpretation and patient consultation, related to the use of medication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- AK Mohiuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
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Jacob SA, Larter J, Blair A, Boyter AC. Using forum theatre to teach communication skills within an undergraduate pharmacy curriculum: A qualitative evaluation of students' feedback. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:373-381. [PMID: 31040013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pharmacists need to learn communication styles which adopt a more consultative model. The objectives of this paper are to describe the use of forum theatre facilitated by actors to teach communication skills to pharmacy students and to highlight perceptions of the workshops. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING During the actor-led forum theatre, students redirected scenes depicting pharmacist-patient consultations. Students also learned about their own communication styles and role-played consultations and interview situations with actors. Pharmacy undergraduate students enrolled in years 2, 3, and 4 answered open-ended questions online at the end of workshops. All responses were coded to identify themes. FINDINGS Five themes emerged from 752 comments: (1) workshops were useful in facilitating communication skills development, (2) workshops encouraged reflection, (3) appreciation of feedback provided, (4) the live, interactive nature of the workshop enhanced learning, and (5) suggestions for improvement. There were requests for more varied scenarios involving different patient groups and more opportunities to participate in the role-plays. Students also requested smaller groups, which would encourage participation from those who were reticent and allow more personal feedback. SUMMARY The use of forum theatre employing role-play, small group coaching on consultation and interview skills, and emphasizing feedback was perceived as an effective and engaging method to teach communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - James Larter
- RoleplayUK, 22 St Peters Street, Stamford Lincolnshire PE9 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Andrew Blair
- RoleplayUK, 22 St Peters Street, Stamford Lincolnshire PE9 2PF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Anne C Boyter
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Arnet I, Holden M, Antoniou S. Evaluation of a prompt card for community pharmacists performing consultations with patients on anticoagulation - lessons learned. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2018; 16:1244. [PMID: 30416627 PMCID: PMC6207360 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2018.03.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate a prompt card (i.e., a post-card sized tool that lists counselling prompt information) with 5 key elements and 3 open key questions to ask patients in community pharmacies. Methods Community pharmacists practicing in England and accredited to perform consultations used the prompt card during a formal consultation with emphasis on patients receiving oral anticoagulation. Main outcome measure was the number of performed consultations with pharmacists' thoughts and feedbacks in writing. Results During 8 weeks, 19 pharmacists (mean age: 36.6 (SD=9) years; 7 women; accredited an average of 12.9 (SD=9.8) years) performed 1,034 consultations and used the prompt card 104 times during anticoagulation consultations. Overall the prompt card was judged practical and relevant by the 16 pharmacists who used it (100%), especially because it outlines what a good consultation should comprise. The key elements offered a logical framework to guide the overall approach when undertaking a consultation. The two questions, "Why do you want to use this medicine?" and "Why would you not want to use this medicine?" generated negative responses from the patient and pharmacists, respectively. Conclusions Our prompt card with key questions summarizing all the points that should be addressed in a consultation supported effective communication during patient-pharmacist interaction. Two questions need rephrasing and a further question is needed to determine how patients are using their medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Arnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel. Basel (Switzerland).
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