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Martin MT, Pham AN, Wagner JS. A cross-sectional survey of viral hepatitis education within pharmacy curricula in the United States. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:648-655. [PMID: 38353914 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan emphasizes the importance of a collaborative provider workforce trained in hepatitis prevention and treatment to eliminate viral hepatitis in the United States by 2030. Although pharmacists play a key role in hepatitis management, literature lacks documentation of the amount of viral hepatitis education provided to pharmacy students. AIM Our study goal was to describe viral hepatitis education provided at United States pharmacy schools. METHOD In this cross-sectional survey study, investigators developed a 19-item Qualtrics questionnaire, sent questionnaire links to curricula content experts at 140 accredited pharmacy colleges/schools in May-June 2022, and allotted 28 days for completion. Questions assessed the viral hepatitis instruction provided to students and hepatitis instructors' training/experience. We used descriptive statistics for analysis. RESULTS Forty-eight pharmacy institutions across 29 states/territories responded; 44% had 50-99 students/class, and 58% used lecture and discussion to provide required hepatitis education. Students received more lecture (average = 3.4 h, range 0.8-1.6 h/hepatitis topic) than discussion (average = 1.7 h, range 0.6-0.9 h/hepatitis topic), with the most time spent on hepatitis C, followed by hepatitis B virus. Respondents reported 93% of their instructors had post-graduate training/certifications and 67% worked in clinical settings with hepatitis patients. CONCLUSION Survey results demonstrate variability in hepatitis education across United States pharmacy curricula. Data offer stakeholders in hepatitis elimination efforts knowledge about the viral hepatitis education provided to Doctor of Pharmacy students. Future directions include consideration of implementation of minimum hepatitis education standards to further support work toward national hepatitis elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Martin
- University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UI Health), 833 South Wood Street, Suite 164, M/C 886, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Aileen N Pham
- University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jessica S Wagner
- University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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2
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Scott M, Urbańczyk K, Stewart D. European Society of Clinical Pharmacy: 'Implementing and scaling sustainable clinical pharmacy'. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:355-356. [PMID: 38478210 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scott
- Medicines Optimisation Innovation Centre, Antrim Area Hospital Site, Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Kamila Urbańczyk
- Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Derek Stewart
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Araújo-Neto FDC, Dosea AS, Fonseca FLD, Tavares TMA, Santos DDM, Pimentel DMM, Mesquita AR, Lyra Jr DPD. Perceptions of formal pharmacy leadership on the social role of the profession and its historical evolution: A qualitative study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2024; 13:100405. [PMID: 38283100 PMCID: PMC10820284 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, pharmaceutical professionalism has been questioned due to the social role of pharmacy, which is ambiguous in the literature. This raises questions about the purpose of the profession among pharmacists, despite the efforts of their professional organizations and formal leaders to consolidate the occupational status of the profession. Objective To understand the social role of pharmacy in Brazil through its historical evolution based on the perceptions of formal leaders of the profession. Methods A qualitative study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021 with pharmacists who held leadership positions in formal and professional pharmacy organizations in Brazil. The data obtained from the interviews were submitted to content analysis. Results A total of 17 pharmacists participated in this study. The data analyzed presented perceptions about the social role of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, which promotes access to health through different means. These include the manager pharmacist, who facilitates access to public health policies; the caring pharmacist, who promotes health education and the rational use of medicines; and the technologist pharmacist, who researches, develops, and promotes access to safe and cost-effective medicines. The interviewees also discussed the evolution of this social role based on influential factors such as legislation, clinical movement, pharmaceutical education, labor market, behaviors, and attitudes of pharmacists. Conclusion In this study, pharmaceutical professionalism was conceptualized based on its social role, which should be centered on the patient. Understanding such issues is part of the evolutionary purpose of the profession in Brazil and should be encouraged in the behaviors and attitudes of pharmacists despite the challenges faced by the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana Dosea
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Francielly Lima da Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thaís Maria Araújo Tavares
- Undergraduate Pharmacy, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Menezes Santos
- Undergraduate Pharmacy, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Rezende Mesquita
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Divaldo Pereira de Lyra Jr
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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4
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Depasquale C, Cunningham S, Jacob SA, Boyter A, Portlock J, Power A, Addison B. A cross-sectional study examining the nature and extent of interprofessional education in schools of pharmacy in the United Kingdom. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:122-130. [PMID: 37921938 PMCID: PMC10830770 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education can prepare the workforce for collaborative practice in complex health and social care systems. AIM To examine the nature and extent of interprofessional education in schools of pharmacy in the United Kingdom. METHOD An online questionnaire was developed using systems theory, published literature and input from an interprofessional expert panel; it included closed and open-ended questions and a demographic section. Following piloting, it was distributed to 31 schools of pharmacy. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and a content analysis approach for qualitative data. RESULTS Ten schools of pharmacy responded. All reported delivering compulsory interprofessional education. Most (80%) reported an interprofessional steering group overseeing development. Formative and/or summative assessment varied depending on year of study. Mechanism and purpose of evaluation varied with respondents reporting Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model Levels 1-3 (100%; 80%; 70%). Two themes were identified: "Variation in Interprofessional Education Approaches and Opportunities" and "Factors Influencing Development and Implementation of Interprofessional Education". Formal teaching was mainly integrated into other modules; various pedagogic approaches and topics were used for campus-based activities. Respondents referred to planned interprofessional education during practice-based placements; some still at pilot stage. Overall, respondents agreed that practice-based placements offered opportunistic interprofessional education, but a more focused approach is needed to maximise student pharmacists' learning potential. CONCLUSION Most interprofessional education offered in undergraduate pharmacy curricula in the United Kingdom is campus-based; the nature and extent of which varies between programmes. Very few examples of practice-based activities were reported. Results may inform future interprofessional education curricular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Depasquale
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Scott Cunningham
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Boyter
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jane Portlock
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Brian Addison
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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5
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Paudyal V, Okuyan B, Henman MC, Stewart D, Fialová D, Hazen A, Lutters M, Oleárová A, Weidmann AE, Wirth F, Cadogan CA, Nazar Z. Scope, content and quality of clinical pharmacy practice guidelines: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:56-69. [PMID: 37991663 PMCID: PMC10830799 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines for pharmacy practitioners regarding various clinical pharmacy activities have been published in a number of countries. There is a need to review the guidelines and identify the scope of activities covered as a prelude to developing internationally acceptable common guidelines. AIM To review the scope of clinical pharmacy guidelines and assess the extent to which these guidelines conform to quality standards as per the AGREE II instrument. METHOD Medline, Embase, Guideline Central, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Google Scholar and Google (for grey literature) were searched for the period 2010 to January 2023. Guidelines which focused on any health care setting and any clinical pharmacy activity were included. Data were extracted and quality assessed independently by two reviewers using the English version of the AGREE II instrument. RESULTS Thirty-eight guidelines were included, mostly originating from Australia (n = 10), Ireland (n = 8), UK (n = 7) and USA (n = 5). Areas covered included medication reconciliation, medicines optimisation, medication management and transition of care. As per the AGREE II assessment, the highest score was obtained for the scope and purpose domain and the lowest score for rigour of development, mainly due to non-consideration of literature/evidence to inform guideline development. CONCLUSION Clinical pharmacy guidelines development processes need to focus on all quality domains and should take a systematic approach to guideline development. Guidelines need to further emphasise person-centred care and clinical communication. There is a scope to harmonise the guidelines internationally considering the diverse practices, standards and legislations across different geographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Betul Okuyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Derek Stewart
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniela Fialová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ankie Hazen
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Oleárová
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bratislava University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anita E Weidmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Cathal A Cadogan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zachariah Nazar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Van De Sijpe G, Hublou W, Declercq P, Metsemakers WJ, Sermon A, Casteels M, Foulon V, Quintens C, Spriet I. Bedside check of medication appropriateness (BED-CMA) as a risk-based tool for bedside clinical pharmacy services: A proof-of-concept study at the trauma surgery ward. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 22:58-65. [PMID: 38022766 PMCID: PMC10656193 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bedside clinical pharmacy prevents drug-related problems, but is not feasible in many countries due to limited resources. Hence, clinical rules using structural information in the electronic health record can help identifying potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). We aimed to develop and implement a risk-based clinical pharmacy service and evaluate its impact on prescribing at the trauma surgery ward. Methods The proportion of residual PIPs per day, i.e. the number of PIPs that persisted up to 24 h after pharmacist intervention divided by the number of PIPs at T0, was evaluated before and after implementation of the intervention in an interrupted time series analysis. The pre-intervention cohort received usual pharmacy services, i.e. a 0.3 FTE clinical pharmacist trainee. Fifteen clinical rules, targeting antimicrobial, anticoagulant and analgesic therapy were implemented in the post-intervention period. The pre-intervention period was compared to two post-intervention scenarios: A) clinical rule alerts reviewed by a 0.3 FTE clinical pharmacist trainee; and B) clinical rule alerts reviewed daily for approximately 1 h by a clinical pharmacist trainee. Results Pre-intervention, a median proportion of 67% (range 0%-100%) residual PIPs per day was observed. Scenario A showed an immediate relative reduction of 14% (p = 0.72) and scenario B a significant immediate relative reduction of 85% (p = 0.0015) in residual PIPs per day. In scenario A, recommendations were provided for 19% of clinical rule alerts, of which 67% was accepted by the surgeon within 24 h. In scenario B, recommendations were given for 56% of alerts, of which 84% was accepted. Conclusions Using clinical rules is an effective approach to organize bedside clinical pharmacy services and improves prescribing at the trauma surgery ward. Advanced training and daily follow-up of the clinical rules are two requirements to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Van De Sijpe
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wencke Hublou
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Declercq
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - An Sermon
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minne Casteels
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Foulon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Quintens
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Stuhec M, Hahn M, Taskova I, Bayraktar I, Fitzgerald I, Molitschnig L, Tatarević A, Lindner N, Agnoletto L, da Costa FA. Clinical pharmacy services in mental health in Europe: a commentary paper of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy Special Interest Group on Mental Health. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:1286-1292. [PMID: 37755642 PMCID: PMC10600282 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of the world's disease burden is attributable to mental illnesses. Although effective interventions are available, many patients still have limited access to evidence-based treatments. Aside from access, treatment gaps, including inappropriate medication selection and monitoring, are also routinely recognised. Mental health clinical pharmacists can help address these gaps and enable patients to receive optimised pharmaceutical care, particularly appropriate medication selection and monitoring. The European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) Special Interest Group on Mental Health was established to improve standardised service provision in mental health settings across Europe. The Special Interest Group identified significant barriers (predominantly associated with reimbursement and position within the multidisciplinary team) to effective pharmaceutical care amongst those with mental illnesses. This commentary presents recommendations to address these gaps through improved mental health clinical pharmacy service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Stuhec
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Maribor, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ormoz Psychiatric Hospital, Ormoz, Slovenia.
| | - M Hahn
- Department of Mental Health, Varisano Hospital Frankfurt Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Taskova
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Bayraktar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Fitzgerald
- Pharmacy Department, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Molitschnig
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital of Elisabethians, Graz, Austria
| | | | - N Lindner
- Pharmacy Department, Vienna General Hospital-Medical University Campus, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Agnoletto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Rovigo Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - F Alves da Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Urbańczyk K, Guntschnig S, Antoniadis V, Falamic S, Kovacevic T, Kurczewska-Michalak M, Miljković B, Olearova A, Sviestina I, Szucs A, Tachkov K, Tiszai Z, Volmer D, Wiela-Hojeńska A, Fialova D, Vlcek J, Stuhec M, Hogg A, Scott M, Stewart D, Mair A, Ravera S, Lery FX, Kardas P. Recommendations for wider adoption of clinical pharmacy in Central and Eastern Europe in order to optimise pharmacotherapy and improve patient outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244151. [PMID: 37601045 PMCID: PMC10433912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical pharmacy as an area of practice, education and research started developing around the 1960s when pharmacists across the globe gradually identified the need to focus more on ensuring the appropriate use of medicines to improve patient outcomes rather than being engaged in manufacturing and supply. Since that time numerous studies have shown the positive impact of clinical pharmacy services (CPS). The need for wider adoption of CPS worldwide becomes urgent, as the global population ages, and the prevalence of polypharmacy as well as shortage of healthcare professionals is rising. At the same time, there is great pressure to provide both high-quality and cost-effective health services. All these challenges urgently require the adoption of a new paradigm of healthcare system architecture. One of the most appropriate answers to these challenges is to increase the utilization of the potential of highly educated and skilled professionals widely available in these countries, i.e., pharmacists, who are well positioned to prevent and manage drug-related problems together with ensuring safe and effective use of medications with further care relating to medication adherence. Unfortunately, CPS are still underdeveloped and underutilized in some parts of Europe, namely, in most of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. This paper reviews current situation of CPS development in CEE countries and the prospects for the future of CPS in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Urbańczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sonja Guntschnig
- Tauernklinikum Zell am See, Zell am See, Austria
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Slaven Falamic
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tijana Kovacevic
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Branislava Miljković
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anna Olearova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bratislava—Hospital Ruzinov, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Inese Sviestina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Attila Szucs
- Pharmacy Department, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konstantin Tachkov
- Department of Organization and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zita Tiszai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daisy Volmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anna Wiela-Hojeńska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniela Fialova
- Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Faculty of Medicine in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Vlcek
- Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hospital Pharmacy, Teaching Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Matej Stuhec
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Maribor, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ormoz Psychiatric Hospital, Ormoz, Slovenia
| | - Anita Hogg
- Medicines Optimisation Innovation Centre, Antrim Hospital, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Scott
- Medicines Optimisation Innovation Centre, Antrim Hospital, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Stewart
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- European Society of Clinical Pharmacy, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alpana Mair
- Effective Prescribing and Therapeutics, Health and Social Care Directorate, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Ravera
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - François-Xavier Lery
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Przemysław Kardas
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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9
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Wylegała K, Religioni U, Czech M. The Impact of Hospital Pharmacy Operation on the Quality of Patient Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4137. [PMID: 36901140 PMCID: PMC10002066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the role, tasks, and place of a hospital pharmacy in the structure of the entire facility. The role of hospital drug management and pharmacy seems to be extremely important in providing patients with high-quality care. Particular emphasis was placed on the distribution systems of medicinal products and medical devices in the hospital. The advantages and disadvantages of the classical distribution system and modern systems such as unit-dose and multi-dose-and the most important differences between them-are presented. Difficulties related to implementing modern distribution systems in hospitals were also discussed. The information provided is presented in the context of the legal regulations in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wylegała
- Chair and Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Poznan, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Independent Public Healthcare Center in Miedzychod, 64-400 Miedzychod, Poland
| | - Urszula Religioni
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czech
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, The Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
- Business School, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Li J, Xiao C, Hou J, Zhao Y, Gong H, Zhang B, Yan M. Clinical pharmacy undergraduate education in China: a comparative analysis based on ten universities' training programs. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36732755 PMCID: PMC9893527 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the scale of personnel training for clinical pharmacy professionals in China has expanded increasingly, however, the shortage of clinical pharmacists is still prominent. In 2018, the Ministry of Education of China released national standards for the teaching quality of undergraduate majors at regular colleges and universities, which has developed a core policy for undergraduate clinical pharmacy training. To explore the training methods for clinical pharmacy professionals in China and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the clinical pharmacy education system. This study comparatively analyzed the training programs for clinical pharmacy undergraduates in China's ten universities, discussed training programs suitable for clinical pharmacy professionals in China. METHODS The clinical pharmacy education programs in these ten universities were obtained through official school websites or by interviewing relevant people, and then compared and analyzed. RESULTS The school with the largest number of courses and the most class hours in general courses is University A1 (34 courses, 1316 class hours), and the school with the most credits is University B1 (75.5 credits). The schools with the largest number of courses and the most class hours in the basic courses are University A1 (50 courses, 1997 class hours), and the schools with the most credits are University B3 and University B1 (105.5 credits). The schools with the largest number of courses in the core courses are University C1 (23 courses), and the school with the most credits and class hours is University B2 (51 credits, 914 class hours). The school with the most class hours in practical teaching is University B6 (1406 class hours), and the schools with the longest internship time are University A1 and University B6 (52 weeks). CONCLUSIONS There was substantial variation in programs. There remains a gap between the existing educational model and clinical training in pharmacy in China and developed countries. China should explore the most appropriate method for undergraduate education in clinical pharmacy based on studying foreign excellent educational models and the experience of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenlin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Schools of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Xiangya Schools of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Peeters M, Iturrospe E, Jans D, van Nuijs ALN, De Loof H. Incorporating 'reason for use' into the prescribing process of medication: a survey on the opinion of patients in Flanders, Belgium. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1216. [PMID: 36180847 PMCID: PMC9523178 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A longstanding debate exists about including a ‘reason for use’ on prescriptions for medication. Little is known, however, about patients’ opinions on this subject. Methods An internet-based questionnaire, consisting mainly of Likert scale questions, was distributed online to the general public in Belgium. Results from 1034 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Opinions from patients toward including a ‘reason for use’ on medication prescriptions were generally positive. A clear majority of 62% increased to 74% after providing information about the possible link between indication and medication dose. A majority of the participants expressed a positive attitude regardless of the pathology involved, although sexually transmitted diseases were of greatest concern. Other important aspects differentiating the opinion positively was the transmission of this information in an electronic-only form and limiting it to the regular pharmacist excluding further use by third parties such as other pharmacies or insurance companies. Patients using multiple medicines and those frequenting the same pharmacy also had a more favorable opinion about including the reason for use. In addition, analysis of physician and pharmacist questionnaire responses, explicitly excluded from the main analysis, confirmed the known contrasting opinions in these subgroups. Conclusions Patients have strong support for transferring information on the ‘reason for use’ of their prescriptions to their regular pharmacy if this is done in a secure and privacy-conscious way enabling increased patient safety and improved pharmaceutical care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08596-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Peeters
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Iturrospe
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Dominique Jans
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Hans De Loof
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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