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Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J, Kolačkov K, Zembska A, Halupczok-Żyła J, Rolla M, Miner M, Kałużny M, Bolanowski M. FTO Gene Polymorphisms and Their Roles in Acromegaly. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10974. [PMID: 37446150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The major causes of both morbidity and mortality in patients with acromegaly are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with obesity, as well as with an increased risk of CVDs. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of risk alleles of four FTO gene polymorphisms with selected parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism as well as with IGF-1 and GH levels in the group of patients with acromegaly compared to the control group. The study group consisted of 104 patients with acromegaly and 64 healthy subjects constituting the control group. In the whole acromegaly group, the data reveal that the homozygous for risk allele carriers (rs1421085, rs9930506, rs9939609) as well as carriers of only one risk allele have lower IGF-1 concentrations. In the well-controlled acromegaly group, the homozygous for three risk allele carriers of FTO gene polymorphisms have lower HDL cholesterol concentration (rs1121980, rs1421085, rs993609). In the cured acromegaly group, homozygous risk allele carriers rs9930506 tend to have higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. These associations are not observed in the control group. Conclusion: there is an association between FTO gene polymorphisms and the metabolism of lipids, suggesting that the FTO gene may be associated with higher CVD risk in patients with acromegaly. In addition, there is an association between FTO gene polymorphisms and IGF-1, implying that FTO gene may influence/modify IGF-1 synthesis. Further investigation on a larger scale is required to provide more precise evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolačkov
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jowita Halupczok-Żyła
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rolla
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Miner
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Kałużny
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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Chen X, Liu C, Yang S, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Zhu W, Zhao Q, Ni C, Huang X, Yan W, Shen C, Gu HF. Gender Specificity and Local Socioeconomic Influence on Association of GHR fl/d3 Polymorphism With Growth and Metabolism in Children and Adolescents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:546080. [PMID: 35402349 PMCID: PMC8984194 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.546080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone receptor (GHR) mediates most GH biological actions. This study is aimed to evaluate whether GHR fl/d3 polymorphism contributes to the inter-individual variability of growth and metabolism in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 4,730 students aged 6-16 years from Yixing and Suqian City in China were included in this cross-sectional study. Height and body mass index (BMI) were transformed into the form of z-score corresponding to age and gender. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of GHR fl/d3 polymorphism with height, BMI, metabolic traits, and hypertension by estimating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS GHR d3 allele was inversely associated with overweight, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (OR [95% CI] for overweight: 0.754 [0.593-0.959], P = 0.021; OR [95% CI] for TC: 0.744 [0.614-0.902], P = 0.003; OR [95% CI] for TG: 0.812 [0.654-0.998], P = 0.047). GHR d3 allele was associated with decreased odds of pre-hypertension in boys (OR [95% CI]: 0.791 [0.645-0.971], P = 0.025), but associated with increased odds of pre-hypertension and hypertension in girls (ORs [95% CIs]: 1.379 [1.106-1.719], P = 0.004; OR [95% CI]: 1.240 [1.013-1.519], P = 0.037). Interaction of GHR fl/d3 polymorphism with gender contributed to increased odds of pre-hypertension and hypertension (interactive ORs [95% CIs]: 1.735 [1.214-2.481], P = 0.003; OR [95% CI]: 1.509 [1.092-2.086], P = 0.013). Stratification analysis showed that the correlation tendencies of GHR fl/d3 polymorphism and BMI with age were different between two cities with discrepant economic development levels. CONCLUSION GHR fl/d3 polymorphism is associated with growth, metabolism, and hypertension in children and adolescents with the gender specificity, and the genetic effect of GHR fl/d3 may be modified by the local socioeconomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Suqian City, Suqian, China
| | - Qihui Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Suqian City, Suqian, China
| | - Chuan Ni
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Suqian City, Suqian, China
| | - Xiangyuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Biagetti B, Aulinas A, Casteras A, Pérez-Hoyos S, Simó R. HOMA-IR in acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 2021; 24:146-158. [PMID: 33085039 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review is aimed at examining whether the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is higher in Caucasian, adult, treatment-naïve patients with acromegaly (ACRO) than in the reference population independently of diabetes presence and to evaluate the impact of treatment [surgery and somatostatin analogues (SSAs)] on its assessment. METHODS We systematically reviewed in PubMed and Web of Science from July 1985 to December 2019, registered with the code number CRD42020148737. The inclusion criteria comprised studies conducted in Caucasian adult treatment-naïve patients with active ACRO in whom HOMA-IR or basal insulin and glucose were reported. Three reviewers screened eligible publications, extracted the outcomes, and assessed the risk of biases. RESULTS Of 118 originally selected studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria. HOMA-IR was higher in ACRO than the reference population, with mean difference and (95% confidence intervals) of 2.04 (0.65-3.44), even in ACRO patients without diabetes, 1.89 (1.06-2.73). HOMA-IR significantly decreased after treatment with either surgery or SSAs - 2.53 (- 3.24- - 1.81) and - 2.30 (- 3.05- - 1.56); respectively. However, the reduction of HOMA-IR due to SSAs did not improve basal glucose. CONCLUSION HOMA-IR in treatment-naïve ACRO patients is higher than in the reference population, even in patients without diabetes. This finding, confirms that insulin resistance is an early event in ACRO. Our results also suggest that HOMA-IR is not an adequate tool for assessing insulin resistance in those patients treated with SSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Biagetti
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau and Sant Pau-Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERERUnidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic Central University of Catalonia (UVic/UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Anna Casteras
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Pérez-Hoyos
- Genetics Microbiology and Statistics Department, Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pontes J, Madeira M, Lima CHA, Ogino LL, de Paula Paranhos Neto F, de Mendonça LMC, Farias MLF, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. Exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor isoform is not related to worse bone mineral density or microarchitecture or to increased fracture risk in acromegaly. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:163-171. [PMID: 31392573 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acromegaly is a cause of secondary osteoporosis and is associated with increased risk of vertebral fractures (VFs). The influence of exon 3-deleted isoform of growth hormone receptor (d3-GHR) on bone microarchitecture has not been studied in acromegaly. AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between d3-GHR isoform and bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture, and VFs in acromegaly patients. METHODS Consecutive acromegaly patients treated at a single reference center were included. BMD was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone microarchitecture was analyzed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). The presence of moderate to severe VFs was assessed by thoracic and lumbar X-ray. GHR genotyping was analyzed by PCR, and full-length isoform of GHR (fl-GHR) was represented by a 935-bp fragment and d3-GHR by a 532-bp fragment. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were included [56 females; median age at diagnosis: 43 years (17-78)]. Disease was uncontrolled in 63% of patients. At least one d3-GHR allele was present in 60% of patients. Frequency of active disease (p = 0.276) and hypogonadism (p = 1.000) was not different between patients with fl-GHR and those with at least one d3-GHR. There was no difference in any DXA or HR-pQCT parameters between patients with fl-GHR and those with d3-GHR. Significant VFs were observed in 14% of patients, but there was no difference in frequency between patients with fl-GHR and those with at least one d3-GHR allele (p = 0.578). CONCLUSIONS Presence of d3-GHR was not associated with worse BMD or bone microarchitecture or with higher frequency of significant VFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pontes
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Madeira
- Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C H A Lima
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L L Ogino
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F de Paula Paranhos Neto
- Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L M C de Mendonça
- Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M L F Farias
- Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, 9° andar, Setor 9F, Sala de Pesquisa em Neuroendocrinologia IIha do Fundão, Rio De Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
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Basu R, Qian Y, Kopchick JJ. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects? Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R155-R181. [PMID: 29459441 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is produced primarily by anterior pituitary somatotroph cells. Numerous acute human (h) GH treatment and long-term follow-up studies and extensive use of animal models of GH action have shaped the body of GH research over the past 70 years. Work on the GH receptor (R)-knockout (GHRKO) mice and results of studies on GH-resistant Laron Syndrome (LS) patients have helped define many physiological actions of GH including those dealing with metabolism, obesity, cancer, diabetes, cognition and aging/longevity. In this review, we have discussed several issues dealing with these biological effects of GH and attempt to answer the question of whether decreased GH action may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Franczak A, Kolačkov K, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Bolanowski M. Association between FTO gene polymorphisms and HDL cholesterol concentration may cause higher risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 2018; 21:10-15. [PMID: 28913579 PMCID: PMC5767210 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are main cause of morbidity and mortality in acromegaly. Polymorphisms of FTO gene are associated with obesity and increased risk of CVD (independently of BMI). Aim of this study was to investigate the allele frequencies of two FTO gene polymorphisms: rs9939609 and rs9930506 in patients with acromegaly and to examine the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with BMI and selected metabolic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification of two single nucleotide polymorphisms of FTO gene was carried out in 51 patients with acromegaly using the minisequencing method. RESULTS The risk-allele frequencies of rs9939609 and rs9930506 polymorphisms were 0.471 and 0.529, respectively and they were higher than in general European population. There is no association of FTO gene polymorphisms with BMI, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. The risk alleles were associated with decreased HDL cholesterol concentration. Homozygotes for the rs9939609-risk allele had 1.25-fold lower HDL cholesterol concentration than carriers of the TT genotype (p = 0.0024). The estimated average decrease in HDL cholesterol concentration per risk allele for rs9930506 was 11.2%. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences were observed only between AG versus GG and AA versus GG genotypes. Homozygotes for the rs9930506-risk allele had 1.27-fold lower HDL cholesterol concentration than carriers of the AA genotype (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The risk-allele frequencies of studied polymorphisms in acromegaly were higher than in general European population. There is an association between FTO gene polymorphisms and HDL cholesterol concentration, suggesting FTO gene polymorphisms may be associated with higher CVD risk in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Franczak
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolačkov
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
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Boguszewski CL, Barbosa EJL, Svensson PA, Johannsson G, Glad CAM. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Clinical and pharmacogenetic aspects of the growth hormone receptor polymorphism. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R309-R321. [PMID: 28904008 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics aims to maximize the beneficial effects of a medical therapy by identifying genetic finger prints from responders and non-responders and, thereby improving safety and efficacy profile of the drug. Most subjects who are deficient in growth hormone (GHD) are candidates for recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. To date, it is well established that even after adjustments for several clinical variables, such as age, gender, body composition and the age at onset of the GHD, response to rhGH treatment is highly variable among individuals, part of which is believed to be due to genetic factors within the GH system. As the first genetic variant to potentially influence the individual response to rhGH therapy in children with growth disorders, polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) has attracted a great interest as a target for pharmacogenetics. Studies have been conducted to compare the functional and molecular effects of the full-length GHR (fl-GHR) isoform with the exon 3 deleted (d3-GHR) isoform in children and adults treated with rhGH therapy. Additionally, the impact of the GHR polymorphism has been investigated in relation to the clinical status and response to medical treatment in acromegaly, especially to the GHR antagonist drug pegvisomant. We have performed a narrative review of the studies performed to date on the association of GHR polymorphism with rhGH response in children and adults, and its potential influence in the medical management of acromegaly. In addition, data from studies on the general population and in other chronic diseases examining a role of this genetic variant in the regulation of growth and metabolism are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar L Boguszewski
- SEMPREndocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Edna J L Barbosa
- SEMPREndocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of EndocrinologySahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla A M Glad
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of EndocrinologySahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kaabi YA. Frequency of the exon 3-deleted/full-length growth hormone receptor polymorphism in Saudi Arabian population. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:1090-1095. [PMID: 29114695 PMCID: PMC5767610 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.11.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the frequency of the growth hormone receptor (GHR)-d3 polymorphism in a random sample of Saudi Arabian population from Jazan province, and test the effects of the polymorphism on some anthropometric factors. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted during the period from January to April 2017 at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. A total of 230 healthy adult male and female volunteers were randomly recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood, and the GHR exon 3 locus was genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: The distributions of the GHR genotypes were as follows: fl/fl (39.1%), fl/d3 (44.8%), and d3/d3 (16.1%). No statistically significant differences were found between fl/fl, fl/d3, or d3/d3 GHR genotypes in terms of weight (p=0.90), height (p=0.12), or body mass index (BMI) (p=0.83) values. Conclusion: No correlations were found between the GHR-d3 polymorphism and weight, height, or BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Kaabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Wegmann MG, Thankamony A, Roche E, Hoey H, Kirk J, Shaikh G, Ivarsson SA, Söder O, Dunger DB, Juul A, Jensen RB. The exon3-deleted growth hormone receptor gene polymorphism (d3-GHR) is associated with insulin and spontaneous growth in short SGA children (NESGAS). Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 35:45-51. [PMID: 28719834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of a common polymorphism in the Growth Hormone (GH) receptor (d3-GHR) gene on growth, metabolism and body composition was examined in short children born small for gestational age (SGA) on GH treatment. DESIGN In 96 prepubertal, short SGA children treated with high-dose GH (67μg/kg/day) in the NESGAS study, insulin sensitivity (IS), insulin secretion and disposition index (DI) were determined during the first year of treatment. Body composition was analysed by DXA. The d3-GHR locus was determined by simple multiplex PCR. RESULTS At baseline, children in the d3-GHR group (d3/fl (n=37), d3/d3 (n=7)) had significantly lower IS (median (25-75 percentile)) (223.3% (154.4-304.8)) vs. (269.7% (185.1-356.7)) (p=0.03) and higher concentrations of glucose (mean (SD)) (4.4mmol/L (0.6) vs. 4.2mmol/L (0.7)) (p=0.03), C-peptide (232.1pmol/L (168.8-304.1) vs. 185.1pmol/L (137.7-253.9)) (p=0.04) and insulin (19.2pmol/L (11.8-32.2)) vs. (13.7pmol/L (9.3-20.8)) (p=0.04) compared to children homozygous for the full length allele (fl/fl-GHR (n=52)). There were no differences in DI or insulin secretion. Postnatal, spontaneous growth was significantly greater in the d3-GHR group compared to the fl/fl-GHR group (p=0.02). There were no significant differences in growth response, body composition or metabolism after one year of GH therapy. CONCLUSION Short SGA children carrying the d3-GHR polymorphism had increased spontaneous growth, lower IS and a compensatory increase in glucose, C-peptide and insulin before GH therapy compared to children homozygous for the full-length allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gersel Wegmann
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ajay Thankamony
- Department of Pediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Edna Roche
- Department of Pediatrics, The National Children's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hilary Hoey
- Department of Pediatrics, The National Children's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Kirk
- Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guftar Shaikh
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sten-A Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University of Lund, Malmø, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Geraedts VJ, Andela CD, Stalla GK, Pereira AM, van Furth WR, Sievers C, Biermasz NR. Predictors of Quality of Life in Acromegaly: No Consensus on Biochemical Parameters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28316591 PMCID: PMC5334635 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) in patients with acromegaly is reduced irrespective of disease state. The contributions of multifactorial determinants of QoL in several disease stages are presently not well known. OBJECTIVE To systematically review predictors of QoL in acromegalic patients. METHODS Main databases were systematically searched using predefined search terms for potentially relevant articles up to January 2017. Inclusion criteria included separate acromegaly cohort, non-hereditary acromegaly, QoL as study parameter with clearly described method of measurement and quantitative results, N ≥ 10 patients, article in English and adult patients only. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers; studies were included using the PRISMA flow diagram. RESULTS We identified 1,162 studies; 51 studies met the inclusion criteria: 31 cross-sectional observational studies [mean AcroQoL score 62.7 (range 46.6-87.0, n = 1,597)], 9 had a longitudinal component [mean baseline AcroQoL score 61.4 (range 54.3-69.0, n = 386)], and 15 were intervention studies [mean baseline AcroQoL score 58.6 (range 52.2-75.3, n = 521)]. Disease-activity reflected by biochemical control measures yielded mixed, and therefore inconclusive results with respect to their effect on QoL. Addition of pegvisomant to somatostatin analogs and start of lanreotide autogel resulted in improvement in QoL. Data from intervention studies on other treatment modalities were too limited to draw conclusions on the effects of these modalities on QoL. Interestingly, higher BMI and greater degree of depression showed consistently negative associations with QoL. Hypopituitarism was not significantly correlated with QoL in acromegaly. CONCLUSION At present, there is insufficient published data to support that biochemical control, or treatment of acromegaly in general, is associated with improved QoL. Studies with somatostatin receptor ligand treatment, i.e., particularly lanreotide autogel and pegvisomant have shown improved QoL, but consensus on the correlation with biochemical control is missing. Longitudinal studies investigating predictors in treatment-naive patients and their follow-up after therapeutic interventions are lacking but are urgently needed. Other factors, i.e., depression and obesity were identified from cross-sectional cohort studies as consistent factors associated with poor QoL. Perhaps treatment strategies of acromegaly patients should not only focus on normalizing biochemical markers but emphasize improvement of QoL by alternative interventions such as psychosocial or weight lowering interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Geraedts
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelie D. Andela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Günter K. Stalla
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto M. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter R. van Furth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Sievers
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany
| | - Nienke R. Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nienke R. Biermasz,
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11
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de Oliveira Machado E, Lima CHA, Ogino LL, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. Growth hormone receptor exon 3 isoforms may have no importance in the clinical setting of multiethnic Brazilian acromegaly patients. Pituitary 2016; 19:375-80. [PMID: 27001494 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-016-0715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acromegaly is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality, but has a variable severity phenotype. The presence of the exon 3-deleted isoform of the growth hormone receptor (d3-GHR) may influence the disease phenotype and treatment outcomes, including the frequency of biochemical discordance after medical treatment. AIMS The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the d3-GHR isoform on clinical and biochemical characteristics and in the treatment outcomes of Brazilian multiethnic acromegaly patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed our acromegaly outpatient clinic databank and collected demographic, clinical, biochemical and treatment outcome data from those patients who agreed to participate in the study. A blood sample was collected from all patients, the DNA was extracted and the GHR isoforms were evaluated by PCR, with the full length (fl)-GHR represented by a 935-bp fragment and the d3-GHR represented by a 532-bp fragment. RESULTS A total of 121 patients were included. Fifty-six patients (46.3 %) were full-length homozygous (fl/fl), 48 (39.7 %) were heterozygous (fl/d3) and 17 (14.0 %) were d3-GHR homozygous (d3/d3). There was no difference between patients homozygous for the fl isoform and those harboring at least one d3-GHR allele in the demographic, clinical and biochemical data or in the treatment outcomes, including somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) monotherapy, combination therapy with SRL and cabergoline and pegvisomant treatment. There was also no difference between the groups for the frequency of GH and IGF-I discordance after medical treatment. CONCLUSION GHR exon 3 genotyping appears to have no clinical significance, at least in Brazilian acromegaly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn de Oliveira Machado
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, 9th floor, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Azeredo Lima
- Neuroendocrine Section and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Lumi Ogino
- Neuroendocrine Section and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, 9th floor, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Section and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrine Section, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, 9th floor, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrine Section and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Jallad RS, Trarbach EB, Duarte FH, Jorge AAL, Bronstein MD. Influence of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 and -202A/C IGFBP-3 genetic polymorphisms on clinical and biochemical features and therapeutic outcome of patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 2015; 18:666-73. [PMID: 25552351 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of GHR-exon 3 and -202 A/C IGFBP3 polymorphisms with clinical presentation, biochemical measurements and response to therapies in acromegaly have been suggested. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of these polymorphisms in acromegaly and their influence on clinical and laboratorial characteristics of patients at diagnosis and after treatment in a large cohort of acromegalic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study developed in a single tertiary reference center. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records of 186 acromegalic patients (116 women, age range 21-88 years). GH and IGF1 levels and GHR-exon 3 and -202 A/C IGFBP3 polymorphisms were evaluated in the same hospital. RESULTS At diagnosis, serum GH concentrations were lower in patients with GHR-d3 genotype than those with GHR-fl, whereas an association of lower IGFBP3 levels with d3 allele was observed only after neurosurgical or medical treatments. However, these associations were not confirmed in posterior statistical analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GHR-exon 3 and -202 A/C IGFBP3 polymorphisms did not show any consistent association on clinical and laboratorial features of acromegalic patients even after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Jallad
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, PAMB, 8 andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-010, Brazil,
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Park HY, Hwang IR, Seo JB, Kim SW, Seo HA, Lee IK, Kim JG. Association between the Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 3 Polymorphism and Metabolic Factors in Korean Patients with Acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:312-7. [PMID: 25559716 PMCID: PMC4595356 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between the frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism (exon 3 deletion; d3-GHR) and metabolic factors in patients with acromegaly in Korea. METHODS DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 30 unrelated patients with acromegaly. GHR genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with demographic data and laboratory parameters. RESULTS No patient had the d3/d3 genotype, while four (13.3%) had the d3/fl genotype, and 26 (86.7%) had the fl/fl genotype. Body mass index (BMI) in patients with the d3/fl genotype was significantly higher than in those with the fl/fl genotype (P=0.001). Age, gender, blood pressure, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between the two genotypes. CONCLUSION The d3-GHR polymorphism may be associated with high BMI but not with other demographic characteristics or laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Ryang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Bum Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwon University, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Guk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Cinar N, Dagdelen S, Yorgun H, Canpolat U, Kabakçı G, Erbas T. The clinical and cardiometabolic effects of d3-growth hormone receptor polymorphism in acromegaly. Pituitary 2015; 18:116-25. [PMID: 24706164 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exon 3-deleted GH receptor variant (d3-GHR) is associated with increased responsiveness to exogenous GH. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of d3-GHR polymorphism on the GH/IGF-1 relationship, clinical parameters, and comorbidity in acromegalic patients. METHODS The study included 118 acromegalic patients (61 female and 57 male; mean age: 50.3 ± 12.2 years) and 108 healthy controls (94 female and 14 male: mean age: 41.1 ± 11.1 years). The prevalence of GHR genotypes was evaluated via PCR. RESULTS In all, 71 (60.2%) patients had the fl/fl-GHR genotype, 40 (33.9%) were heterozygous for the fl/d3-GHR genotype, and 7 (5.9%) were homozygous for the d3/d3-GHR genotype. The prevalence of fl/fl-GHR, fl/d3-GHR, and d3/d3-GHR genotypes in the control group was 57.4, 29.6, and 13.0%, respectively-similar prevalences as in the patient group. Patients that were heterozygous and homozygous for the d3 allele were subgrouped (d3-GHR subgroup), and were compared to those with the fl/fl-GHR genotype (fl/fl-GHR subgroup). Anthropometric measures, features of pituitary adenoma, and baseline GH and IGF-1 levels were similar in both subgroups. The prevalence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and multinodular goiter did not differ between patient subgroups. In total, 24 (20.3%) of the patients had cancer and the prevalence of cancer was similar in the d3-GHR (14.9%) and fl/fl-GHR (23.9%) subgroups (P = 0.23). More of the acromegalic patients that were d3 carriers had discordant GH and IGF-1 levels at baseline and post surgery, but the difference was not significant. A significant correlation between basal GH and IGF-1 levels was observed only in the patients with the fl/fl-GHR genotype (R(2) = 0.227, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The d3-GHR variant genotype did not have an effect on clinical features or comorbidity in acromegalic patients, but it might play a role in GH/IGF-1 level discordance in acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Cinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey,
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15
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Mormando M, Nasto LA, Bianchi A, Mazziotti G, Giampietro A, Pola E, Pontecorvi A, Giustina A, De Marinis L. GH receptor isoforms and skeletal fragility in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:237-45. [PMID: 24866575 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in close relationship with GH hypersecretion. Two isoforms of the GH receptor (GHR) have been identified; the two isoforms differ or not by the expression of the protein fragment encoded by exon 3 of the GHR gene. Deletion of the exon 3 may influence the functional properties of the GHR and affect fracture risk in acromegalic patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the association between the d3-GHR isoform and the prevalence of VFs in patients with acromegaly. METHODS In this study, 109 acromegalic patients were included (M/F, 48/61): 73 with controlled/cured acromegaly and 36 with active disease. GHR genotype was assessed in each patient. All patients were evaluated for VFs and bone mineral density at lumbar spine and hip. Serum IGF1 levels and bone metabolism markers were measured. A multivariate analysis was performed to establish risk factors for VFs in our population. RESULTS d3-GHR carriers showed an increased prevalence of VFs when compared with patients expressing full-length GHR (35/55 vs 12/54; P<0.001). The association between GHR deletion and VFs was demonstrated both in patients with active disease and in those with controlled/cured disease. Out of 35 patients who were prospectively evaluated, 13 (37.1%) developed incident VFs. The incidence of VFs was significantly higher in patients for whom the GHR gene has been deleted when compared with those harboring the fl gene (P=0.04). In multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR), 3.250; P=0.041), IGF1 levels (OR, 1.183; P=0.031), length of active diseases (OR, 1.038; P=0.001), and d3-GHR genotype (OR, 3.060; P=0.015) were all confirmed as risk factors of VFs in our population. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests for the first time that exon 3 deletion of GHR may predispose patients with active and controlled acromegaly to a higher risk of VFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilda Mormando
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi A Nasto
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Giampietro
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Pola
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura De Marinis
- Pituitary UnitDepartment of EndocrinologyDivision of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Catholic University School of Medicine, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyChair of EndocrinologyUniversity of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
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Simulated growth trajectories and blood pressure in adolescence: Hong Kong's Chinese Birth Cohort. J Hypertens 2014; 31:1785-97. [PMID: 23751966 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283622ea0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns and amounts of growth may determine adult blood pressure. Growth at different phases is correlated and affects current size, making effects on blood pressure difficult to distinguish. We decomposed growth to 13 years into independent associations with blood pressure and estimated how reaching the same size by different routes could affect adolescent blood pressure. METHODS Using estimates from partial least squares for the associations of birth weight, height, and BMI at 3 months, growth at 3-9 months, 9-36 months, 3-8 years and 8-13 years and size at 13 years with SBP and DBP in 5247 term births (67% follow-up) from Hong Kong's 'Children of 1997' Birth Cohort, we estimated SBP and DBP at 13 years for 99 simulated growth trajectories resulting in the same size using nonparametric bootstrapping. RESULTS High birth weight followed by slower growth was associated with lower SBP in both sexes and DBP in boys. Greater height to 3 years followed by slower height growth was associated with lower SBP in boys. Higher BMI until 9 months followed by slower BMI growth was associated with lower blood pressure in boys. CONCLUSION High birth weight or larger early size was associated with lower blood pressure if followed by slower later growth, consistent with the fetal origin hypothesis. However, whether these patterns are due to fetal and infant metabolic programming or to allowing slower growth at periods when rapid growth is harmful is unknown.
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