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Zhao B, Jia X, Yu N, Murray JD, Yi K, Wang E. Microbe-dependent and independent nitrogen and phosphate acquisition and regulation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1507-1522. [PMID: 37715479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important macronutrients required for plant growth and development. To cope with the limited and uneven distribution of N and P in complicated soil environments, plants have evolved intricate molecular strategies to improve nutrient acquisition that involve adaptive root development, production of root exudates, and the assistance of microbes. Recently, great advances have been made in understanding the regulation of N and P uptake and utilization and how plants balance the direct uptake of nutrients from the soil with the nutrient acquisition from beneficial microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhiza. Here, we summarize the major advances in these areas and highlight plant responses to changes in nutrient availability in the external environment through local and systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518054, China
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2
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Ma C, Ma S, Yu Y, Feng H, Wang Y, Liu C, He S, Yang M, Chen Q, Xin D, Wang J. Transcriptome-wide m 6A methylation profiling identifies GmAMT1;1 as a promoter of lead and cadmium tolerance in soybean nodules. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133263. [PMID: 38118200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are common heavy metal pollutants that are often found in the soil in soybean agricultural production, adversely impacting symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean nodules. In this study, the exposure of soybean nodules to Pb and Cd stress was found to reduce nitrogenase activity. Shifts in the RNA methylation profiles of nodules were subsequently examined by profiling the differential expression of genes responsible for regulating m6A modifications and conducting transcriptome-wide analyses of m6A methylation profiles under Pb and Cd stress condition. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) that were differentially expressed were closely related to reactive oxygen species activity and integral membrane components. Overall, 19 differentially expressed DMGs were ultimately determined to be responsive to both Pb and Cd stress, including Glyma.20G082450, which encodes GmAMT1;1 and was confirmed to be a positive regulator of nodules tolerance to Pb and Cd. Together, these results are the first published data corresponding to transcriptome-wide m6A methylation patterns in soybean nodules exposed to Cd and Pb stress, and provide novel molecular insight into the regulation of Pb and Cd stress responses in nodules, highlighting promising candidate genes related to heavy metal tolerance, that may also be amenable to application in agricultural production. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are prevalent heavy metal pollutants in soil, and pose a major threat to crop production, food security and human health. Here, MeRIP-seq approach was employed to analyze the regulatory network activated in soybean nodules under Pb and Cd stress, ultimately leading to the identification of 19 shared differentially expressed DMGs. When overexpressed, GmATM1;1 was found to enhance the Pb and Cd tolerance of soybean nodules. These results provide a theoretical basis for studies on tolerance to heavy metals in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and provide an approach to enhancing Pb and Cd tolerance in soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan He
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zhong Y, Tian J, Li X, Liao H. Cooperative interactions between nitrogen fixation and phosphorus nutrition in legumes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:734-745. [PMID: 36324147 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legumes such as soybean are considered important crops as they provide proteins and oils for humans and livestock around the world. Different from other crops, leguminous crops accumulate nitrogen (N) for plant growth through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in coordination with rhizobia. A number of studies have shown that efficient SNF requires the cooperation of other nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), a nutrient deficient in most soils. During the last decades, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between SNF and P nutrition, specifically through the identification of transporters involved in P transport to nodules and bacteroids, signal transduction, and regulation of P homeostasis in nodules. These studies revealed a distinct N-P interaction in leguminous crops, which is characterized by specific signaling cross talk between P and SNF. This review aimed to present an updated picture of the cross talk between N fixation and P nutrition in legumes, focusing on soybean as a model crop, and Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus as model plants. We also discuss the possibilities for enhancing SNF through improving P nutrition, which are important for high and sustainable production of leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Zhong
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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4
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Rogato A, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. LjNRT2.3 plays a hierarchical role in the control of high affinity transport system for root nitrate acquisition in Lotus japonicus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042513. [PMID: 36438153 PMCID: PMC9687105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a key mineral nutrient required for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to respond to changes of nutritional availability in the surrounding environment and the optimization of root nitrate acquisition under nitrogen starvation is crucial to cope with unfavoured condition of growth. In this study we present a general description of the regulatory transcriptional and spatial profile of expression of the Lotus japonicus nitrate transporter NRT2 family. Furthermore, we report a phenotypic characterization of two independent Ljnrt2.3 knock out mutants indicating the involvement of the LjNRT2.3 gene in the root nitrate acquisition and lateral root elongation pathways occurring in response to N starvation conditions. We also report an epistatic relationship between LjNRT2.3 and LjNRT2.1 suggesting a combined mode of action of these two genes in order to optimize the Lotus response to a prolonged N starvation.
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5
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Li R, Liang J, Tian T, Ji J, Chen R, Zhou Y, Fan Q, Ning G, Larkin RM, Becana M, Duanmu D. Single cell-type transcriptome profiling reveals genes that promote nitrogen fixation in the infected and uninfected cells of legume nodules. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:616-618. [PMID: 35038375 PMCID: PMC8989494 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Runhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Runzhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yumiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición VegetalEstación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragozaSpain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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6
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The Lotus japonicus AFB6 Gene Is Involved in the Auxin Dependent Root Developmental Program. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168495. [PMID: 34445201 PMCID: PMC8395167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is essential for root development, and its regulatory action is exerted at different steps from perception of the hormone up to transcriptional regulation of target genes. In legume plants there is an overlap between the developmental programs governing lateral root and N2-fixing nodule organogenesis, the latter induced as the result of the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. Here we report the characterization of a member of the L. japonicus TIR1/AFB auxin receptor family, LjAFB6. A preferential expression of the LjAFB6 gene in the aerial portion of L. japonicus plants was observed. Significant regulation of the expression was not observed during the symbiotic interaction with Mesorhizobium loti and the nodule organogenesis process. In roots, the LjAFB6 expression was induced in response to nitrate supply and was mainly localized in the meristematic regions of both primary and lateral roots. The phenotypic analyses conducted on two independent null mutants indicated a specialized role in the control of primary and lateral root elongation processes in response to auxin, whereas no involvement in the nodulation process was found. We also report the involvement of LjAFB6 in the hypocotyl elongation process and in the control of the expression profile of an auxin-responsive gene.
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7
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Vittozzi Y, Nadzieja M, Rogato A, Radutoiu S, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688187. [PMID: 34220910 PMCID: PMC8253256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant's display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Vittozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
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8
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Ho-Pl�garo T, Huertas R, Tamayo-Navarrete MI, Blancaflor E, Gavara N, Garc�a-Garrido JM. A Novel Putative Microtubule-Associated Protein Is Involved in Arbuscule Development during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:306-320. [PMID: 33386853 PMCID: PMC8112838 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis requires plant root host cells to undergo major structural and functional reprogramming to house the highly branched AM fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. These morphological modifications are associated with cytoskeleton remodelling. However, molecular bases and the role of microtubules (MTs) and actin filament dynamics during AM formation are largely unknown. In this study, the tomato tsb (tomato similar to SB401) gene, belonging to a Solanaceae group of genes encoding MT-associated proteins (MAPs) for pollen development, was found to be highly expressed in root cells containing arbuscules. At earlier stages of mycorrhizal development, tsb overexpression enhanced the formation of highly developed and transcriptionally active arbuscules, while tsb silencing hampers the formation of mature arbuscules and represses arbuscule functionality. However, at later stages of mycorrhizal colonization, tsb overexpressing (OE) roots accumulate fully developed transcriptionally inactive arbuscules, suggesting that the collapse and turnover of arbuscules might be impaired by TSB accumulation. Imaging analysis of the MT cytoskeleton in cortex root cells OE tsb revealed that TSB is involved in MT bundling. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented insights into the role of novel MAP in MT rearrangements throughout the different stages of the arbuscule life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ho-Pl�garo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Ra�l Huertas
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Mar�a I Tamayo-Navarrete
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Elison Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Nuria Gavara
- Unitat de Biof�sica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ci�ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jos� M Garc�a-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
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9
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Sun Y, Wang M, Mur LAJ, Shen Q, Guo S. The cross-kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant-microbe relations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:771-784. [PMID: 33341944 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic-interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defense and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant-pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defense mechanisms. While such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ma Y, Chen R. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Signaling and Transport During Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683601. [PMID: 34239527 PMCID: PMC8258413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two predominant mineral elements, which are not only essential for plant growth and development in general but also play a key role in symbiotic N fixation in legumes. Legume plants have evolved complex signaling networks to respond to both external and internal levels of these macronutrients to optimize symbiotic N fixation in nodules. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and nitrate (NO3 -) are the two major forms of P and N elements utilized by plants, respectively. Pi starvation and NO3 - application both reduce symbiotic N fixation via similar changes in the nodule gene expression and invoke local and long-distance, systemic responses, of which N-compound feedback regulation of rhizobial nitrogenase activity appears to operate under both conditions. Most of the N and P signaling and transport processes have been investigated in model organisms, such as Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, etc. We attempted to discuss some of these processes wherever appropriate, to serve as references for a better understanding of the N and P signaling and transport during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rujin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rujin Chen,
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11
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Valkov VT, Sol S, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. The functional characterization of LjNRT2.4 indicates a novel, positive role of nitrate for an efficient nodule N 2 -fixation activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:682-696. [PMID: 32542646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) -fixing nodules are formed on the roots of legume plants as result of the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. Nodule functioning requires high amounts of carbon and energy, and therefore legumes have developed finely tuned mechanisms to cope with changing external environmental conditions, including nutrient availability and flooding. The investigation of the role of nitrate as regulator of the symbiotic N2 fixation has been limited to the inhibitory effects exerted by high external concentrations on nodule formation, development and functioning. We describe a nitrate-dependent route acting at low external concentrations that become crucial in hydroponic conditions to ensure an efficient nodule functionality. Combined genetic, biochemical and molecular studies are used to unravel the novel function of the LjNRT2.4 gene. Two independent null mutants are affected by the nitrate content of nodules, consistent with LjNRT2.4 temporal and spatial profiles of expression. The reduced nodular nitrate content is associated to a strong reduction of nitrogenase activity and a severe N-starvation phenotype observed under hydroponic conditions. We also report the effects of the mutations on the nodular nitric oxide (NO) production and content. We discuss the involvement of LjNRT2.4 in a nitrate-NO respiratory chain taking place in the N2 -fixing nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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12
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Sol S, Valkov VT, Rogato A, Noguero M, Gargiulo L, Mele G, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. Disruption of the Lotus japonicus transporter LjNPF2.9 increases shoot biomass and nitrate content without affecting symbiotic performances. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:380. [PMID: 31470797 PMCID: PMC6717371 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After uptake from soil into the root tissue, distribution and allocation of nitrate throughout the whole plant body, is a critical step of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and for modulation of plant growth in response to various environmental conditions. In legume plants nitrate distribution is also important for the regulation of the nodulation process that allows to fix atmospheric N (N2) through the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF). RESULTS Here we report the functional characterization of the Lotus japonicus gene LjNPF2.9, which is expressed mainly in the root vascular structures, a key localization for the control of nitrate allocation throughout the plant body. LjNPF2.9 expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes induces 15NO3 accumulation indicating that it functions as a nitrate importer. The phenotypic characterization of three independent knock out mutants indicates an increased shoot biomass in the mutant backgrounds. This phenotype is associated to an increased/decreased nitrate content detected in the shoots/roots. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the accumulation of nitrate in the shoot does not affect the nodulation and N-Fixation capacities of the knock out mutants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that LjNPF2.9 plays a crucial role in the downward transport of nitrate to roots, occurring likely through a xylem-to-phloem loading-mediated activity. The increase of the shoot biomass and nitrate accumulation might represent a relevant phenotype in the perspective of an improved NUE and this is further reinforced in legume plants by the reported lack of effects on the SNF efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Gargiulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Chiasson DM, Loughlin PC, Mazurkiewicz D, Mohammadidehcheshmeh M, Fedorova EE, Okamoto M, McLean E, Glass ADM, Smith SE, Bisseling T, Tyerman SD, Day DA, Kaiser BN. Soybean SAT1 (Symbiotic Ammonium Transporter 1) encodes a bHLH transcription factor involved in nodule growth and NH4+ transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4814-9. [PMID: 24707045 PMCID: PMC3977234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312801111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine max symbiotic ammonium transporter 1 was first documented as a putative ammonium (NH4(+)) channel localized to the symbiosome membrane of soybean root nodules. We show that Glycine max symbiotic ammonium transporter 1 is actually a membrane-localized basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding transcription factor now renamed Glycine max bHLH membrane 1 (GmbHLHm1). In yeast, GmbHLHm1 enters the nucleus and transcriptionally activates a unique plasma membrane NH4(+) channel Saccharomyces cerevisiae ammonium facilitator 1. Ammonium facilitator 1 homologs are present in soybean and other plant species, where they often share chromosomal microsynteny with bHLHm1 loci. GmbHLHm1 is important to the soybean rhizobium symbiosis because loss of activity results in a reduction of nodule fitness and growth. Transcriptional changes in nodules highlight downstream signaling pathways involving circadian clock regulation, nutrient transport, hormone signaling, and cell wall modification. Collectively, these results show that GmbHLHm1 influences nodule development and activity and is linked to a novel mechanism for NH4(+) transport common to both yeast and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Chiasson
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Loughlin
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Danielle Mazurkiewicz
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
| | | | - Elena E. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mamoru Okamoto
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McLean
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anthony D. M. Glass
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sally E. Smith
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
| | - David A. Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Brent N. Kaiser
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5050, Australia
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14
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Bapaume L, Reinhardt D. How membranes shape plant symbioses: signaling and transport in nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:223. [PMID: 23060892 PMCID: PMC3464683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms that cannot evade adverse environmental conditions, plants have evolved various adaptive strategies to cope with environmental stresses. One of the most successful adaptations is the formation of symbiotic associations with beneficial microbes. In these mutualistic interactions the partners exchange essential nutrients and improve their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and in root nodule symbiosis (RNS), AM fungi and rhizobia, respectively, penetrate roots and accommodate within the cells of the plant host. In these endosymbiotic associations, both partners keep their plasma membranes intact and use them to control the bidirectional exchange of signaling molecules and nutrients. Intracellular accommodation requires the exchange of symbiotic signals and the reprogramming of both interacting partners. This involves fundamental changes at the level of gene expression and of the cytoskeleton, as well as of organelles such as plastids, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the central vacuole. Symbiotic cells are highly compartmentalized and have a complex membrane system specialized for the diverse functions in molecular communication and nutrient exchange. Here, we discuss the roles of the different cellular membrane systems and their symbiosis-related proteins in AM and RNS, and we review recent progress in the analysis of membrane proteins involved in endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Criscuolo G, Valkov VT, Parlati A, Alves LM, Chiurazzi M. Molecular characterization of the Lotus japonicus NRT1(PTR) and NRT2 families. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1567-81. [PMID: 22458810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential element for plant growth, both as a primary nutrient in the nitrogen assimilation pathway and as an important signal for plant development. Low- and high-affinity transport systems are involved in the nitrate uptake from the soil and its distribution between different plant tissues. By an in silico search, we identified putative members of both systems in the model legume Lotus japonicus. We investigated, by a time course analysis, the transcripts abundance in root tissues of nine and four genes encoding putative low-affinity (NRT1) and high-affinity (NRT2) nitrate transporters, respectively. The genes were sub-classified as inducible, repressible and constitutive on the basis of their responses to provision of nitrate, auxin or cytokinin. Furthermore, the analysis of the pattern of expression in root and nodule tissues after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation permitted the identification of sequences significantly regulated during the symbiotic interaction. The interpretation of the global regulative networks obtained allowed to postulate roles for nitrate transporters as possible actors in the cross-talks between different signalling pathways triggered by biotic and abiotic factors.
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MESH Headings
- Anion Transport Proteins/genetics
- Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cytokinins/pharmacology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
- Lotus/drug effects
- Lotus/genetics
- Lotus/microbiology
- Mesorhizobium/drug effects
- Mesorhizobium/physiology
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Nitrate Transporters
- Nitrates/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Root Nodules, Plant/cytology
- Root Nodules, Plant/drug effects
- Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Criscuolo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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16
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Seabra AR, Pereira PA, Becker JD, Carvalho HG. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin leads to transcriptome reprograming in root nodules of Medicago truncatula. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:976-92. [PMID: 22414438 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-11-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a vital enzyme for the assimilation of ammonia into amino acids in higher plants. In legumes, GS plays a crucial role in the assimilation of the ammonium released by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules, constituting an important metabolic knob controlling the nitrogen (N) assimilatory pathways. To identify new regulators of nodule metabolism, we profiled the transcriptome of Medicago truncatula nodules impaired in N assimilation by specifically inhibiting GS activity using phosphinothricin (PPT). Global transcript expression of nodules collected before and after PPT addition (4, 8, and 24 h) was assessed using Affymetrix M. truncatula GeneChip arrays. Hundreds of genes were regulated at the three time points, illustrating the dramatic alterations in cell metabolism that are imposed on the nodules upon GS inhibition. The data indicate that GS inhibition triggers a fast plant defense response, induces premature nodule senescence, and promotes loss of root nodule identity. Consecutive metabolic changes were identified at the three time points analyzed. The results point to a fast repression of asparagine synthesis and of the glycolytic pathway and to the synthesis of glutamate via reactions alternative to the GS/GOGAT cycle. Several genes potentially involved in the molecular surveillance for internal organic N availability are identified and a number of transporters potentially important for nodule functioning are pinpointed. The data provided by this study contributes to the mapping of regulatory and metabolic networks involved in root nodule functioning and highlight candidate modulators for functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Seabra
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Rogato A, D’Apuzzo E, Barbulova A, Omrane S, Parlati A, Carfagna S, Costa A, Schiavo FL, Esposito S, Chiurazzi M. Characterization of a developmental root response caused by external ammonium supply in Lotus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:784-95. [PMID: 20688979 PMCID: PMC2948985 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.160309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to changes of nutrient availability in the soil by modulating their root system developmental plan. This response is mediated by systemic changes of the nutritional status and/or by local perception of specific signals. The effect of nitrate on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root development represents a paradigm of these responses, and nitrate transporters are involved both in local and systemic control. Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) represents an important nitrogen (N) source for plants, although toxicity symptoms are often associated with high NH(4)(+) concentration when this is present as the only N source. The reason for these effects is still controversial, and mechanisms associating ammonium supply and plant developmental programs are completely unknown. We determined in Lotus japonicus the range of ammonium concentration that significantly inhibits the elongation of primary and lateral roots without affecting the biomass of the shoot. The comparison of the growth phenotypes in different N conditions indicated the specificity of the ammonium effect, suggesting that this was not mediated by assimilatory negative feedback mechanisms. In the range of inhibitory NH(4)(+) conditions, only the LjAMT1;3 gene, among the members of the LjAMT1 family, showed a strong increased transcription that was reflected by an enlarged topology of expression. Remarkably, the short-root phenotype was phenocopied in transgenic lines by LjAMT1;3 overexpression independently of ammonium supply, and the same phenotype was not induced by another AMT1 member. These data describe a new plant mechanism to cope with environmental changes, giving preliminary information on putative actors involved in this specific ammonium-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, A. Buzzati Traverso, 80131 Naples, Italy (A.R., E.D., A.B., S.O., A.P., M.C.); Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Naples, Italy (S.C.); Università degli Studi di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy (A.C., F.L.S.); Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80129 Naples, Italy (S.E.)
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18
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Yendrek CR, Lee YC, Morris V, Liang Y, Pislariu CI, Burkart G, Meckfessel MH, Salehin M, Kessler H, Wessler H, Lloyd M, Lutton H, Teillet A, Sherrier DJ, Journet EP, Harris JM, Dickstein R. A putative transporter is essential for integrating nutrient and hormone signaling with lateral root growth and nodule development in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:100-12. [PMID: 20088899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Legume root architecture involves not only elaboration of the root system by the formation of lateral roots but also the formation of symbiotic root nodules in association with nitrogen-fixing soil rhizobia. The Medicago truncatula LATD/NIP gene plays an essential role in the development of both primary and lateral roots as well as nodule development. We have cloned the LATD/NIP gene and show that it encodes a member of the NRT1(PTR) transporter family. LATD/NIP is expressed throughout the plant. pLATD/NIP-GFP promoter-reporter fusions in transgenic roots establish the spatial expression of LATD/NIP in primary root, lateral root and nodule meristems and the surrounding cells. Expression of LATD/NIP is regulated by hormones, in particular by abscisic acid which has been previously shown to rescue the primary and lateral root meristem arrest of latd mutants. latd mutants respond normally to ammonium but have defects in responses of the root architecture to nitrate. Taken together, these results suggest that LATD/NIP may encode a nitrate transporter or transporter of another compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Yendrek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA
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19
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Benedito VA, Li H, Dai X, Wandrey M, He J, Kaundal R, Torres-Jerez I, Gomez SK, Harrison MJ, Tang Y, Zhao PX, Udvardi MK. Genomic inventory and transcriptional analysis of Medicago truncatula transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:1716-30. [PMID: 20023147 PMCID: PMC2832251 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.148684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transporters move hydrophilic substrates across hydrophobic biological membranes and play key roles in plant nutrition, metabolism, and signaling and, consequently, in plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. To initiate and support systematic characterization of transporters in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we identified 3,830 transporters and classified 2,673 of these into 113 families and 146 subfamilies. Analysis of gene expression data for 2,611 of these transporters identified 129 that are expressed in an organ-specific manner, including 50 that are nodule specific and 36 specific to mycorrhizal roots. Further analysis uncovered 196 transporters that are induced at least 5-fold during nodule development and 44 in roots during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Among the nodule- and mycorrhiza-induced transporter genes are many candidates for known transport activities in these beneficial symbioses. The data presented here are a unique resource for the selection and functional characterization of legume transporters.
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