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Chen M, Li Z, He X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Cui L, Xie M, Zhao Z, Sun Q, Wang D, Dai J, Gong D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in trichome development and metabolism in tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:541. [PMID: 38872084 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular trichomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) can efficiently produce secondary metabolites. They act as natural bioreactors, and their natural products function to protect plants against insect-pests and pathogens and are also components of industrial chemicals. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of tobacco glandular trichome development and secondary metabolic regulation, glandular trichomes and glandless trichomes, as well as other different developmental tissues, were used for RNA sequencing and analysis. RESULTS By comparing glandless and glandular trichomes with other tissues, we obtained differentially expressed genes. They were obviously enriched in KEGG pathways, such as cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction. In particular, the expression levels of genes related to the terpenoid, flavonoid, and wax biosynthesis pathway mainly showed down-regulation in glandless trichomes, implying that they lack the capability to synthesize certain exudate compounds. Among the differentially expressed genes, 234 transcription factors were found, including AP2-ERFs, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs, Homeoboxes (HD-ZIP), and C2H2-ZFs. These transcription factor and genes that highly expressed in trichomes or specially expressed in GT or GLT. Following the overexpression of R2R3-MYB transcription factor Nitab4.5_0011760g0030.1 in tobacco, an increase in the number of branched glandular trichomes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level and an understanding of the regulatory pathways involved in glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxi He
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minmin Xie
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dahai Wang
- Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Jiameng Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, China , Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, China.
| | - Daping Gong
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Shaheen T, Rehman A, Abeed AHA, Waqas M, Aslam A, Azeem F, Qasim M, Afzal M, Azhar MF, Attia KA, Abushady AM, Ercisli S, Nahid N. Identification and expression analysis of SBP-Box-like ( SPL) gene family disclose their contribution to abiotic stress and flower budding in pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23237. [PMID: 38354689 DOI: 10.1071/fp23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The SPL gene family (for Squamosa Promoter-binding like Proteins) represents specific transcription factors that have significant roles in abiotic stress tolerance, development and the growth processes of different plants, including initiation of the leaf, branching and development of shoot and fruits. The SPL gene family has been studied in different plant species; however, its role is not yet fully explored in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan ). In the present study, 11 members of the CcSPL gene family were identified in C. cajan . The identified SPLs were classified into nine groups based on a phylogenetic analysis involving SPL protein sequences from C. cajan , Arabidopsis thaliana , Cicer arietinum , Glycine max , Phaseolus vulgaris , Vigna unguiculata and Arachis hypogaea . Further, the identification of gene structure, motif analysis, domain analysis and presence of cis -regulatory elements in the SPL family members were studied. Based on RNA-sequencing data, gene expression analysis was performed, revealing that CcSPL2.1, 3 and 13A were significantly upregulated for salt-tolerance and CcSPL14 and 15 were upregulated in a salt-susceptible cultivar. Real-time qPCR validation indicated that CcSPL3, 4, 6 and 13A were upregulated under salt stress conditions. Therefore, molecular docking was performed against the proteins of two highly expressed genes (CcSPL3 and CcSPL14 ) with three ligands: abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid. Afterward, their binding affinity was obtained and three-dimensional structures were predicted. In the future, our study may open avenues for harnessing CcSPL genes in pigeon pea for enhanced abiotic stress resistance and developmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Shaheen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Aslam
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Azhar
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza 12588, Egypt; and Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Fan H, Xu J, Ao D, Jia T, Shi Y, Li N, Jing R, Sun D. QTL Mapping of Trichome Traits and Analysis of Candidate Genes in Leaves of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:42. [PMID: 38254932 PMCID: PMC10815787 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichome plays an important role in heat dissipation, cold resistance, water absorption, protection of leaves from mechanical damage, and direct exposure to ultraviolet rays. It also plays an important role in the photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration of plants. However, the genetic basis of trichome traits is not fully understood in wheat. In this study, wheat DH population (Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14) was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for trichome traits in different parts of flag leaf at 10 days after anther with growing in Zhao County, Hebei Province, and Taigu County, Shanxi Province, respectively. The results showed that trichome density (TD) was leaf center > leaf tip > leaf base and near vein > middle > edge, respectively, in both environments. The trichome length (TL) was leaf tip > leaf center > leaf base and edge > middle > near vein. Significant phenotypic positive correlations were observed between the trichome-related traits of different parts. A total of 83 QTLs for trichome-related traits were mapped onto 18 chromosomes, and each one accounted for 2.41 to 27.99% of the phenotypic variations. Two QTL hotspots were detected in two marker intervals: AX-95232910~AX-95658735 on 3A and AX-94850949~AX-109507404 on 7D. Six possible candidate genes (TraesCS3A02G406000, TraesCS3A02G414900, TraesCS3A02G440900, TraesCS7D02G145200, TraesCS7D02G149200, and TraesCS7D02G152400) for trichome-related traits of wheat leaves were screened out according to their predicted expression levels in wheat leaves. The expression of these genes may be induced by a variety of abiotic stresses. The results provide the basis for further validation and functional characterization of the candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Jianchao Xu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Dan Ao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Tianxiang Jia
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Yugang Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Ruilian Jing
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Daizhen Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (H.F.); (J.X.); (D.A.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (N.L.)
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Suárez-Baron H, Alzate JF, Ambrose BA, Pelaz S, González F, Pabón-Mora N. Comparative morphoanatomy and transcriptomic analyses reveal key factors controlling floral trichome development in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6588-6607. [PMID: 37656729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells in aerial plant parts. Trichome development proceeds in three stages, determination of cell fate, specification, and morphogenesis. Most genes responsible for these processes have been identified in the unicellular branched leaf trichomes from the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Less is known about the molecular basis of multicellular trichome formation across flowering plants, especially those formed in floral organs of early diverging angiosperms. Here, we aim to identify the genetic regulatory network (GRN) underlying multicellular trichome development in the kettle-shaped trap flowers of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). We selected two taxa for comparison, A. fimbriata, with trichomes inside the perianth, which play critical roles in pollination, and A. macrophylla, lacking specialized trichomes in the perianth. A detailed morphoanatomical characterization of floral epidermis is presented for the two species. We compared transcriptomic profiling at two different developmental stages in the different perianth portions (limb, tube, and utricle) of the two species. Moreover, we present a comprehensive expression map for positive regulators and repressors of trichome development, as well as cell cycle regulators. Our data point to extensive modifications in gene composition, expression, and putative roles in all functional categories when compared with model species. We also record novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to epidermis patterning and trichome development. We thus propose the first hypothetical genetic regulatory network (GRN) underlying floral multicellular trichome development in Aristolochia, and pinpoint key factors responsible for the presence and specialization of floral trichomes in phylogenetically distant species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Suárez-Baron
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica (CNSG), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Soraya Pelaz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Favio González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
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5
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Tsitsekian D, Daras G, Templalexis D, Avgeri F, Lotos L, Orfanidou CG, Ntoukakis V, Maliogka VI, Rigas S. A subset of highly responsive transcription factors upon tomato infection by pepino mosaic virus. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:529-540. [PMID: 36856454 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved well-tuned surveillance systems, including complex defence mechanisms, to constrain pathogens. TFs are master regulators of host molecular responses against plant pathogens. While PepMV constitutes a major threat to the global tomato production, there is still a lack of information on the key TFs that regulate host responses to this virus. A combinatorial research approach was applied relying on tomato transcriptome analysis, RT-qPCR validation, phylogenetic classification, comparative analysis of structural features, cis-regulatory element mining and in silico co-expression analysis to identify a set of 11 highly responsive TFs involved in the regulation of host responses to PepMV. An endemic PepMV isolate, generating typical mosaic symptoms, modified expression of ca. 3.3% of tomato genes, resulting in 1,120 DEGs. Functional classification of 502 upregulated DEGs revealed that photosynthesis, carbon fixation and gene silencing were widely affected, whereas 618 downregulated genes had an impact mainly on plant defence and carotenoid biosynthesis. Strikingly, all 11 highly responsive TFs carried abiotic stress response cis-regulatory elements, whereas five of them were better aligned with rice than with Arabidopsis gene homologues, suggesting that plant responses against viruses may predate divergence into monocots and dicots. Interestingly, tomato C2H2 family TFs, ZAT1-like and ZF2, may have distinct roles in plant defence due to opposite response patterns, similar to their Arabidopsis ZAT10 and ZAT12 homologues. These highly responsive TFs provide a basis to study in-depth molecular responses of the tomato-PepMV pathosystem, providing a perspective to better comprehend viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tsitsekian
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Templalexis
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - F Avgeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - L Lotos
- School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C G Orfanidou
- School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Ntoukakis
- School of Life Sciences and Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - V I Maliogka
- School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Tang N, Cao Z, Wu P, Liu Y, Lou J, Hu Y, Sun X, Si S, Chen Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals hormone, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation involved in prickle formation in Zanthoxylum armatum. Gene 2023; 871:147434. [PMID: 37068692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum is an evergreen plant with high economical and medicinal values. The presence of prickles on stems and leaves is undesirable for them make picking difficult. To date, little is known of prickle formation in Z. armatum. Herein, the morphological and molecular features of prickle initiation in prickless (WC) and three types of prickly Z. armatum were characterized. Compared to WC, the levels of cytokinin and auxin were increased, while GA and JA declined in prickly Z. armatum. Transcriptome analysis identified 6258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)between prickless and prickly Z. armatum. Among them, several DEGs related to hormone metabolism and signaling, including LOG7, CKX3, AHK1, three DELLAs, six JAZs and TIR1, were candidate genes involved in prickle formation. Transcription factors associated with prickle formation was screened, including MYB6-1/MYB6-2, WER, GL3-2, SPL4/5, SOC1, and SCL32. Of them, MYB6-1 and WER might negatively regulate prickles initiation via interacting with GL3-2. Additionally, the histone acetylation and DNA methylation levels, the transcripts of histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase and DNA methyltransferases showed significant differences between prickless and prickly plants, indicating their involvements in prickle initiation. These findings illustrate the regulation of prickle formation might be mediated by phytohormones (especially cytokinin), transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in Z. armatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yanni Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Georges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Juan Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Shuo Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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Plitsi PK, Samakovli D, Roka L, Rampou A, Panagiotopoulos K, Koudounas K, Isaioglou I, Haralampidis K, Rigas S, Hatzopoulos P, Milioni D. GA-Mediated Disruption of RGA/BZR1 Complex Requires HSP90 to Promote Hypocotyl Elongation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010088. [PMID: 36613530 PMCID: PMC9820706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuitries of signaling pathways integrate distinct hormonal and environmental signals, and influence development in plants. While a crosstalk between brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways has recently been established, little is known about other components engaged in the integration of the two pathways. Here, we provide supporting evidence for the role of HSP90 (HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90) in regulating the interplay of the GA and BR signaling pathways to control hypocotyl elongation of etiolated seedlings in Arabidopsis. Both pharmacological and genetic depletion of HSP90 alter the expression of GA biosynthesis and catabolism genes. Major components of the GA pathway, like RGA (REPRESSOR of ga1-3) and GAI (GA-INSENSITIVE) DELLA proteins, have been identified as physically interacting with HSP90. Interestingly, GA-promoted DELLA degradation depends on the ATPase activity of HSP90, and inhibition of HSP90 function stabilizes the DELLA/BZR1 (BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1) complex, modifying the expression of downstream transcriptional targets. Our results collectively reveal that HSP90, through physical interactions with DELLA proteins and BZR1, modulates DELLA abundance and regulates the expression of BZR1-dependent transcriptional targets to promote plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despina Samakovli
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia Roka
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Rampou
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Isaioglou
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
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8
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Zhao H, Cao H, Zhang M, Deng S, Li T, Xing S. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of SPL Family Genes in Chenopodium quinoa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081455. [PMID: 36011366 PMCID: PMC9408038 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes encode a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, there is little information available on SPL genes in Chenopodiaceae. Here, 23 SPL genes were identified and characterized in the highly nutritious crop Chenopodium quinoa. Chromosome localization analysis indicated that the 23 CqSPL genes were unevenly distributed on 12 of 18 chromosomes. Two zinc finger-like structures and a nuclear location signal were present in the SBP domains of all CqSPLs, with the exception of CqSPL21/22. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes were classified into eight groups (group I–VIII). The exon–intron structure and motif composition of the genes in each group were similar. Of the 23 CqSPLs, 13 were potential targets of miR156/7. In addition, 5 putative miR156-encoding loci and 13 putative miR157-encoding loci were predicted in the quinoa genome, and they were unevenly distributed on chromosome 1–4. The expression of several Cqu-MIR156/7 loci was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in seedlings. Many putative cis-elements associated with light, stress, and phytohormone responses were identified in the promoter regions of CqSPLs, suggesting that CqSPL genes are likely involved in the regulation of key developmental processes and stress responses. Expression analysis revealed highly diverse expression patterns of CqSPLs among tissues. Many CqSPLs were highly expressed in leaves, flowers, and seeds, and their expression levels were low in the roots, suggesting that CqSPLs play distinct roles in the development and growth of quinoa. The expression of 13 of 23 CqSPL genes responded to salt treatment (11 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated). A total of 22 of 23 CqSPL genes responded to drought stress (21 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated). Moreover, the expression of 14 CqSPL genes was significantly altered following cadmium treatment (3 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated). CqSPL genes are thus involved in quinoa responses to salt/drought and cadmium stresses. These findings provide new insights that will aid future studies of the biological functions of CqSPLs in C. quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaqi Cao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Sufang Deng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0346-2517
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9
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Molecular Regulation of Cotton Fiber Development: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095004. [PMID: 35563394 PMCID: PMC9101851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important natural fiber crop. The quality of cotton fiber has a substantial effect on the quality of cotton textiles. The identification of cotton fiber development-related genes and exploration of their biological functions will not only enhance our understanding of the elongation and developmental mechanisms of cotton fibers but also provide insights that could aid the cultivation of new cotton varieties with improved fiber quality. Cotton fibers are single cells that have been differentiated from the ovule epidermis and serve as a model system for research on single-cell differentiation, growth, and fiber production. Genes and fiber formation mechanisms are examined in this review to shed new light on how important phytohormones, transcription factors, proteins, and genes linked to fiber development work together. Plant hormones, which occur in low quantities, play a critically important role in regulating cotton fiber development. Here, we review recent research that has greatly contributed to our understanding of the roles of different phytohormones in fiber development and regulation. We discuss the mechanisms by which phytohormones regulate the initiation and elongation of fiber cells in cotton, as well as the identification of genes involved in hormone biosynthetic and signaling pathways that regulate the initiation, elongation, and development of cotton fibers.
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Jan M, Liu Z, Guo C, Zhou Y, Sun X. An Overview of Cotton Gland Development and Its Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094892. [PMID: 35563290 PMCID: PMC9103798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton refers to species in the genus Gossypium that bear spinnable seed coat fibers. A total of 50 species in the genus Gossypium have been described to date. Of these, only four species, viz. Gossypium, hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboretum, and G. herbaceum are cultivated; the rest are wild. The black dot-like structures on the surfaces of cotton organs or tissues, such as the leaves, stem, calyx, bracts, and boll surface, are called gossypol glands or pigment glands, which store terpenoid aldehydes, including gossypol. The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) pigment gland is a distinctive structure that stores gossypol and its derivatives. It provides an ideal system for studying cell differentiation and organogenesis. However, only a few genes involved in the process of gland formation have been identified to date, and the molecular mechanisms underlying gland initiation remain unclear. The terpenoid aldehydes in the lysigenous glands of Gossypium species are important secondary phytoalexins (with gossypol being the most important) and one of the main defenses of plants against pests and diseases. Here, we review recent research on the development of gossypol glands in Gossypium species, the regulation of the terpenoid aldehyde biosynthesis pathway, discoveries from genetic engineering studies, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Jan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (M.J.); (Z.L.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (M.J.); (Z.L.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (M.J.); (Z.L.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (M.J.); (Z.L.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China; (M.J.); (Z.L.); (C.G.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Templalexis D, Tsitsekian D, Liu C, Daras G, Šimura J, Moschou P, Ljung K, Hatzopoulos P, Rigas S. Potassium transporter TRH1/KUP4 contributes to distinct auxin-mediated root system architecture responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1043-1060. [PMID: 34633458 PMCID: PMC8825323 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, auxin transport and development are tightly coupled, just as hormone and growth responses are intimately linked in multicellular systems. Here we provide insights into uncoupling this tight control by specifically targeting the expression of TINY ROOT HAIR 1 (TRH1), a member of plant high-affinity potassium (K+)/K+ uptake/K+ transporter (HAK/KUP/KT) transporters that facilitate K+ uptake by co-transporting protons, in Arabidopsis root cell files. Use of this system pinpointed specific root developmental responses to acropetal versus basipetal auxin transport. Loss of TRH1 function shows TRHs and defective root gravitropism, associated with auxin imbalance in the root apex. Cell file-specific expression of TRH1 in the central cylinder rescued trh1 root agravitropism, whereas positional TRH1 expression in peripheral cell layers, including epidermis and cortex, restored trh1 defects. Applying a system-level approach, the role of RAP2.11 and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE-LIKE 5 transcription factors (TFs) in root hair development was verified. Furthermore, ERF53 and WRKY51 TFs were overrepresented upon restoration of root gravitropism supporting involvement in gravitropic control. Auxin has a central role in shaping root system architecture by regulating multiple developmental processes. We reveal that TRH1 jointly modulates intracellular ionic gradients and cell-to-cell polar auxin transport to drive root epidermal cell differentiation and gravitropic response. Our results indicate the developmental importance of HAK/KUP/KT proton-coupled K+ transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Templalexis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Dikran Tsitsekian
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-756 61, Sweden
| | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-756 61, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR 70 013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR 71 500, Greece
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
| | | | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
- Author for communication:
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12
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The Mulberry SPL Gene Family and the Response of MnSPL7 to Silkworm Herbivory through Activating the Transcription of MnTT2L2 in the Catechin Biosynthesis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031141. [PMID: 35163065 PMCID: PMC8835075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes, as unique plant transcription factors, play important roles in plant developmental regulation and stress response adaptation. Although mulberry is a commercially valuable tree species, there have been few systematic studies on SPL genes. In this work, we identified 15 full-length SPL genes in the mulberry genome, which were distributed on 4 Morus notabilis chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the SPL genes from five plants (Malus × domestica Borkh, Populus trichocarpa, M. notabilis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa) into five groups. Two zinc fingers (Zn1 and Zn2) were found in the conserved SBP domain in all of the MnSPLs. Comparative analyses of gene structures and conserved motifs revealed the conservation of MnSPLs within a group, whereas there were significant structure differences among groups. Gene quantitative analysis showed that the expression of MnSPLs had tissue specificity, and MnSPLs had much higher expression levels in older mulberry leaves. Furthermore, transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of MnSPL7 and MnSPL14 were significantly increased under silkworm herbivory. Molecular experiments revealed that MnSPL7 responded to herbivory treatment through promoting the transcription of MnTT2L2 and further upregulating the expression levels of catechin synthesis genes (F3′H, DFR, and LAR).
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Feng X, Cheng H, Zuo D, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Lv L, Li S, Yu JZ, Song G. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GL2-interacting-repressor (GIR) genes during cotton fiber and fuzz development. PLANTA 2021; 255:23. [PMID: 34923605 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
GL2-interacting-repressor (GIR) family members may contribute to fiber/fuzz formation via a newly discovered unique pathway in Gossypium arboreum. There are similarities between cotton fiber development and the formation of trichomes and root hairs. The GL2-interacting-repressors (GIRs) are crucial regulators of root hair and trichome formation. The GaFzl gene, annotated as GaGIR1, is negatively associated with trichome development and fuzz initiation. However, there is relatively little available information regarding the other GIR genes in cotton, especially regarding their effects on cotton fiber development. In this study, 21 GIR family genes were identified in the diploid cotton species Gossypium arboreum; these genes were divided into three groups. The GIR genes were characterized in terms of their phylogenetic relationships, structures, chromosomal distribution and evolutionary dynamics. These GIR genes were revealed to be unequally distributed on 12 chromosomes in the diploid cotton genome, with no GIR gene detected on Ga06. The cis-acting elements in the promoter regions were predicted to be responsive to light, phytohormones, defense activities and stress. The transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR results revealed that most GIR genes were not differentially expressed between the wild-type control and the fuzzless mutant line. Moreover, 14 of 21 family genes were expressed at high levels, indicating these genes may play important roles during fiber development and fuzz formation. Furthermore, Ga01G0231 was predominantly expressed in root samples, suggestive of a role in root hair formation rather than in fuzz initiation and development. The results of this study have enhanced our understanding of the GIR genes and their potential utility for improving cotton fiber through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Plant Genetics, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - John Z Yu
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas, 77845, USA.
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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14
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Shao C, Cai F, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Bao M. A Class II TCP Transcription Factor PaTCP4 from Platanus acerifolia Regulates Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1235-1250. [PMID: 34558965 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
London plane tree is widely grown as a landscaping and street tree, but the release of its trichomes creates a serious air-borne pollution problem. Identifying the key genes that regulate the development of trichomes is, therefore, an important tool for the molecular breeding of Platanus acerifolia. In this study, a sequence homologous with the Arabidopsis Class II TCP subfamily was identified from London plane, and named PaTCP4. The expression of PaTCP4 was detected in various organs of London plane trees, significantly in the trichomes. Overexpression of PaTCP4 in Arabidopsis reduced the trichome density on the first pair of true leaves, and atypical 5-branched trichomes were also detected on those leaves. The expression of endogenous AtCPC and AtTCL2 was significantly increased in PaTCP4 transgenic lines, and was associated with a decrease in the expression of endogenous AtGL2. Furthermore, the expression of endogenous AtGL3 was significantly increased. In addition, the protein product of PaTCP4 was shown to directly activate AtCPC, AtTCL2, AtGL3, AtGIS, PaGIS, and PaGL3 in yeast one-hybrid assays and in the dual-luciferase reporter system. Taken together, these results identify a role for PaTCP4 in trichome initiation and branching in Arabidopsis. Thus, PaTCP4 represents a strong candidate gene for regulating the development of trichomes in London plane trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Tsitsekian D, Daras G, Karamanou K, Templalexis D, Koudounas K, Malliarakis D, Koufakis T, Chatzopoulos D, Goumas D, Ntoukakis V, Hatzopoulos P, Rigas S. Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8442. [PMID: 34445148 PMCID: PMC8395114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Symptoms of bacterial canker became evident from the third day. As the disease progressed, the bacterial population increased in planta, reaching the highest level at six days and remained constant till the twelfth day post inoculation. These two time points were selected for transcriptomics. A progressive down-regulation of key genes encoding for components of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed. Two temporally separated defense responses were observed, which were to an extent interdependent. During the primary response, genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were diverted towards the synthesis of monolignols away from S-lignin. In dicots, lignin polymers mainly consist of G- and S-units, playing an important role in defense. The twist towards G-lignin enrichment is consistent with previous findings, highlighting a response to generate an early protective barrier and to achieve a tight interplay between lignin recomposition and the primary defense response mechanism. Upon progression of Cmm infection, the temporal deactivation of phenylpropanoids coincided with the upregulation of genes that belong in a secondary response mechanism, supporting an elegant reprogramming of the host transcriptome to establish a robust defense apparatus and suppress pathogen invasion. This high-throughput analysis reveals a dynamic reorganization of plant defense mechanisms upon bacterial infection to implement an array of barriers preventing pathogen invasion and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikran Tsitsekian
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Gerasimos Daras
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantina Karamanou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Dimitris Templalexis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Dimitris Malliarakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology-Bacteriology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklio, Greece; (D.M.); (D.G.)
| | | | | | - Dimitris Goumas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology-Bacteriology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklio, Greece; (D.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- School of Life Sciences and Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (G.D.); (K.K.); (D.T.); (K.K.)
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16
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Li J, Tang B, Li Y, Li C, Guo M, Chen H, Han S, Li J, Lou Q, Sun W, Wang P, Guo H, Ye W, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Yu S, Zhang L, Li Z. Rice SPL10 positively regulates trichome development through expression of HL6 and auxin-related genes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1521-1537. [PMID: 34038040 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses; examination of glabrous lines, which lack trichomes, has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function. Tests of allelism in 51 glabrous rice (Oryza sativa) accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in rice. Here, we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome development. Haplotype and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700-bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar WD-17993. Disruption of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL-HL6 background. Plants with genotype OsSPL10WD-17993 /HL6 generated by crossing WD-17993 with NIL-HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the glumes. HAIRY LEAF6 (HL6) encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation, and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its expression. Moreover, the transcript levels of auxin-related genes, such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN-FORMED1b, were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines. Feeding tests using locusts (Locusta migratoria) demonstrated that non-glandular trichomes affect feeding by this herbivore. Our findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shichen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qijin Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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17
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Suárez-Baron H, Alzate JF, González F, Pelaz S, Ambrose BA, Pabón-Mora N. Gene expression underlying floral epidermal specialization in Aristolochia fimbriata (Aristolochiaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:749-764. [PMID: 33630993 PMCID: PMC8103811 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The epidermis constitutes the outermost tissue of the plant body. Although it plays major structural, physiological and ecological roles in embryophytes, the molecular mechanisms controlling epidermal cell fate, differentiation and trichome development have been scarcely studied across angiosperms, and remain almost unexplored in floral organs. METHODS In this study, we assess the spatio-temporal expression patterns of GL2, GL3, TTG1, TRY, MYB5, MYB6, HDG2, MYB106-like, WIN1 and RAV1-like homologues in the magnoliid Aristolochia fimbriata (Aristolochiaceae) by using comparative RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization assays. KEY RESULTS Genes involved in Aristolochia fimbriata trichome development vary depending on the organ where they are formed. Stem, leaf and pedicel trichomes recruit most of the transcription factors (TFs) described above. Conversely, floral trichomes only use a small subset of genes including AfimGL2, AfimRAV1-like, AfimWIN1, AfimMYB106-like and AfimHDG2. The remaining TFs, AfimTTG1, AfimGL3, AfimTRY, AfimMYB5 and AfimMYB6, are restricted to the abaxial (outer) and the adaxial (inner) pavement epidermal cells. CONCLUSIONS We re-evaluate the core genetic network shaping trichome fate in flowers of an early-divergent angiosperm lineage and show a morphologically diverse output with a simpler genetic mechanism in place when compared to the models Arabidopsis thaliana and Cucumis sativus. In turn, our results strongly suggest that the canonical trichome gene expression appears to be more conserved in vegetative than in floral tissues across angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica (CNSG), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Soraya Pelaz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Aničić N, Patelou E, Papanikolaou A, Kanioura A, Valdesturli C, Arapitsas P, Skorić M, Dragićević M, Gašić U, Koukounaras A, Kostas S, Sarrou E, Martens S, Mišić D, Kanellis A. Comparative Metabolite and Gene Expression Analyses in Combination With Gene Characterization Revealed the Patterns of Flavonoid Accumulation During Cistus creticus subsp. creticus Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619634. [PMID: 33841455 PMCID: PMC8034662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus (rockrose) is a shrub widespread in Greece and the Mediterranean basin and has been used in traditional medicine as herb tea for colds, for healing and digestive hitches, for the treatment of maladies, as perfumes, and for other purposes. Compounds from its flavonoid fraction have recently drawn attention due to antiviral action against influenza virus and HIV. Although several bioactive metabolites belonging to this group have been chemically characterized in the leaves, the genes involved in their biosynthesis in Cistus remain largely unknown. Flavonoid metabolism during C. creticus fruit development was studied by adopting comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches. The present study highlights the fruit of C. creticus subsp. creticus as a rich source of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and proanthocyanidins, all of which displayed a decreasing trend during fruit development. The majority of proanthocyanidins recorded in Cistus fruit are B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins, while gallocatechin and catechin are the dominant flavan-3-ols. The expression patterns of biosynthetic genes and transcription factors were analyzed in flowers and throughout three fruit development stages. Flavonoid biosynthetic genes were developmentally regulated, showing a decrease in transcript levels during fruit maturation. A high degree of positive correlations between the content of targeted metabolites and the expression of biosynthetic genes indicated the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis during C. creticus fruit development. This is further supported by the high degree of significant positive correlations between the expression of biosynthetic genes and transcription factors. The results suggest that leucoanthocyanidin reductase predominates the biosynthetic pathway in the control of flavan-3-ol formation, which results in catechin and gallocatechin as two of the major building blocks for Cistus proanthocyanidins. Additionally, there is a decline in ethylene production rates during non-climacteric Cistus fruit maturation, which coincides with the downregulation of the majority of flavonoid- and ethylene-related biosynthetic genes and corresponding transcription factors as well as with the decline in flavonoid content. Finally, functional characterization of a Cistus flavonoid hydroxylase (F3'5'H) was performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aničić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Kanioura
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Camilla Valdesturli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Dragićević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Angelos Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang X, Shen C, Meng P, Tan G, Lv L. Analysis and review of trichomes in plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33526015 PMCID: PMC7852143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomes play a key role in the development of plants and exist in a wide variety of species. RESULTS In this paper, it was reviewed that the structure and morphology characteristics of trichomes, alongside the biological functions and classical regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in plants. The environment factors, hormones, transcription factor, non-coding RNA, etc., play important roles in regulating the initialization, branching, growth, and development of trichomes. In addition, it was further investigated the atypical regulation mechanism in a non-model plant, found that regulating the growth and development of tea (Camellia sinensis) trichome is mainly affected by hormones and the novel regulation factors. CONCLUSIONS This review further displayed the complex and differential regulatory networks in trichome initiation and development, provided a reference for basic and applied research on trichomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghong Meng
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Litang Lv
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tan L, Salih H, Htet NNW, Azeem F, Zhan R. Genomic analysis of WD40 protein family in the mango reveals a TTG1 protein enhances root growth and abiotic tolerance in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2266. [PMID: 33500544 PMCID: PMC7838414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
WD40 domain-containing proteins constitute one of the most abundant protein families in all higher plants and play vital roles in the regulation of plant growth and developmental processes. To date, WD40 protein members have been identified in several plant species, but no report is available on the WD40 protein family in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In this study, a total of 315 WD40 protein members were identified in mango and further divided into 11 subgroups according to the phylogenetic tree. Here, we reported mango TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (MiTTG1) protein as a novel factor that functions in the regulation of Arabidopsis root growth and development. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay in tobacco leaves revealed that MiTTG1 protein physically interacts with MiMYB0, MiTT8 and MibHLH1, implying the formation of a new ternary regulatory complex (MYB-bHLH-WD40) in mango. Furthermore, the MiTTG1 transgenic lines were more adapted to abiotic stresses (mannitol, salt and drought stress) in terms of promoted root hairs and root lengths. Together, our findings indicated that MiTTG1 functions as a novel factor to modulate protein-protein interactions and enhance the plants abilities to adjust different abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 Hainan China
| | - Haron Salih
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 Hainan China ,grid.442436.30000 0004 0447 7877Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Zalingei University, Central Darfur, Sudan
| | - Nwe Ni Win Htet
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 Hainan China ,Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Kyaukse, 05151 Myanmar
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 Hainan China
| | - Rulin Zhan
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101 Hainan China
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21
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Sarmiento-López LG, López-Meyer M, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Cárdenas L, Rodríguez-Monroy M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana increases trichome development, flavonoid and phenolic compound accumulation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Ma L, Liu X, Liu W, Wen H, Zhang Y, Pang Y, Wang X. Characterization of Squamosa-Promoter Binding Protein-Box Family Genes Reveals the Critical Role of MsSPL20 in Alfalfa Flowering Time Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:775690. [PMID: 35069631 PMCID: PMC8766856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.775690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
SQUAMOSA Promoter-binding protein-Like (SPL) genes affect a broad range of plant biological processes and show potential application in crop improvement by genetic modification. As the most widely planted forage crop in the world, biomass and abiotic stresses tolerance are important breeding targets for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Nevertheless, the systematic analysis of SPL genes in alfalfa genome remains lacking. In the present study, we characterized 22 putative non-redundant SPL genes in alfalfa genome and uncovered the abundant structural variation among MsSPL genes. The phylogenetic analysis of plant SPL proteins separated them into 10 clades and clade J was an alfalfa-specific clade, suggesting SPL genes in alfalfa might have experienced gene duplication and functional differentiation within the genome. Meanwhile, 11 MsSPL genes with perfect matches to miRNA response elements (MREs) could be degraded by miR156, and the cleavage sites were gene specific. In addition, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression patterns of MsSPL genes and their expression patterns in response to multiple treatments, characterizing candidate SPL genes in alfalfa development and abiotic stress tolerant regulation. More importantly, overexpression of the alfalfa-specific SPL gene (MsSPL20) showed stable delayed flowering time, as well as increased biomass. Further studies indicated that MsSPL20 delayed flowering time by regulating the expression of genes involved in floret development, including HD3A, FTIP1, TEM1, and HST1. Together, our findings provide valuable information for future research and utilization of SPL genes in alfalfa and elucidate a possibly alfalfa-specific flowering time regulation, thereby supplying candidate genes for alfalfa molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hongyu Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang,
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xuemin Wang,
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23
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Sun X, Wang M, Leng X, Zhang K, Liu G, Fang J. Characterization of the regulation mechanism of grapevine microRNA172 family members during flower development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:409. [PMID: 32883203 PMCID: PMC7650276 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), which has important nutritional values and health benefits, is one of the most economically important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Several studies showed a large number of microRNAs (VvmiRNAs) involved in the modulation of grape growth and development, and many VvmiRNA families have multiple members. However, the way by which various members from the same miRNA family work is unclear, particularly in grapes. RESULTS In this study, an important conserved VvmiR172 family (VvmiR172s) and their targets were set as a good example for elucidating the interaction degree, mechanism, and spatio-temporal traits of diverse members from the same miRNA family. miR-RACE and Stem-loop RT-PCR were used to identify the spatio-temporal expressions of various members of VvmiR172s; together with RLM-RACE, PPM-RACE, Western blot, transgenic technologies, their interaction degree, and regulation mechanism were further validated. The expression of VvmiR172c was significantly higher than that of VvmiR172a, b, and d and showed a positive correlation with the abundance of VvAP2 cleavage products. These findings indicated that VvmiR172c might be one of the main action factors of the VvmiR172 family in flower development. The ability of VvmiR172c to cleave target genes differed due to divergence in complementary degree with VvAP2 and expression levels of various members. In VvmiR172 transgenic lines, we observed that 35S::VvmiR172c resulted in the earliest and abundant flowering, indicating the strong function of VvmiR172c. In contrast, the non-significant phenotypic changes were detected in the VvAP2 transgenic lines. The qRT-PCR and Western bolt results demonstrated that VvmiR172c plays a major role in targeting VvAP2. CONCLUSIONS VvmiR172 up-regulated the expression of NtFT and decreased the expression of NtFLC. The up/down regulation of VvmiR172c was the most pronounced. The functions of four VvmiR172 members in grape differed, and miR172c had the strongest regulation on AP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kekun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gengsen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Wang L, Wang G, Long L, Altunok S, Feng Z, Wang D, Khawar KM, Mujtaba M. Understanding the role of phytohormones in cotton fiber development through omic approaches; recent advances and future directions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1301-1313. [PMID: 32679330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is among the most important fiber crops for the textile-based industry, thanks to its cellulose-rich mature fibers. The fiber initiation and elongation are one of the best models for deciphering mechanisms of single-cell differentiation and growth, that also target of fiber development programs. During the last couple of decades, high yielding omics approaches (genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics), have helped in the identification of several genes and gene products involved in fiber development along with functional relationship to phytohormones. For example, MYB transcription factor family and Sus gene family have been evidenced by controlling cotton fiber initiation. Most importantly, the biosynthesis, responses, and transporting of phytohormones is documented to participate in the initiation of cotton fibers. Herein, in this review, the reliable genetic evidence by manipulating the above genes in cotton have been summarized to describe the relationships among key phytohormones, transcription factors, proteins, and downstream fiber growth-related genes such as Sus. The effect of other important factors such as ROS, fatty acid metabolism, and actin (globular multi-functional proteins) over fiber development has also been discussed. The challenges and deficiencies in the research of cotton fiber development have been mentioned along with a future perspective to discover new crucial genes using multiple omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shandong Cotton Production Technical Guidance Station, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Sumeyye Altunok
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zongqin Feng
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Khalid Mahmood Khawar
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, a Key Regulator in Plants with Multiple Roles and Multiple Function Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144881. [PMID: 32664363 PMCID: PMC7402295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) is a WD40 repeat protein. The phenotypes caused by loss-of-function of TTG1 were observed about half a century ago, but the TTG1 gene was identified only about twenty years ago. Since then, TTG1 has been found to be a plant-specific regulator with multiple roles and multiple functional mechanisms. TTG1 is involved in the regulation of cell fate determination, secondary metabolisms, accumulation of seed storage reserves, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and flowering time in plants. In some processes, TTG1 may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of downstream target genes via forming transcription activator complexes with R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors. Whereas in other processes, TTG1 may function alone or interact with other proteins to regulate downstream target genes. On the other hand, the studies on the regulation of TTG1 are very limited. So far, only the B3-domain family transcription factor FUSCA3 (FUS3) has been found to regulate the expression of TTG1, phosphorylation of TTG1 affects its interaction with bHLH transcription factor TT2, and TTG1 proteins can be targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here, we provide an overview of TTG1, including the identification of TTG1, the functions of TTG1, the possible function mechanisms of TTG1, and the regulation of TTG1. We also proposed potential research directions that may shed new light on the regulation and functional mechanisms of TTG1 in plants.
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26
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Ding M, Cao Y, He S, Sun J, Dai H, Zhang H, Sun C, Jiang Y, Paterson AH, Rong J. GaHD1, a candidate gene for the Gossypium arboreum SMA-4 mutant, promotes trichome and fiber initiation by cellular H 2O 2 and Ca 2+ signals. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:409-423. [PMID: 32189187 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are initiated from the epidermal cells of the ovule before or on the day of anthesis. Gossypium arboreum SMA-4 mutant contains recessive mutation (sma-4(ha)) and has the phenotypes of fibreless seeds and glabrous stems. In this study, fine mapping and alternative splicing analysis indicated a nucleotide substitution (AG → AC) at splicing site in a homeodomain-leucine zipper IV family gene (GaHD1) might cause gene A3S (Alternative 3' splicing) mistake, suggested that GaHD1 was the candidate gene of sma-4(ha). Many genes related to the fiber initiation are identified to be differentially expressed in the mutant which could result in the blocked fiber initiation signals such as H2O2, or Ca in the mutant. Further comparative physiological analysis of H2O2 production and Ca2+ flux in the SMA-4 and wide type cotton confirmed that H2O2 and Ca were important fiber initiation signals and regulated by GaHD1. The in vitro ovule culture of the mutant with hormones recovered the fibered phenotype coupled with the restoration of these signals. Overexpressing of GaHD1 in Arabidopsis increased trichome densities on the sepal, leaf, and stem tissues while transient silencing of the GaHD1 gene in G. arboreum reduced the trichome densities. These phenotypes indicated that GaHD1 is the candidate gene of SMA-4 with a crucial role in acting upstream molecular switch of signal transductions for cotton trichome and fiber initiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Ding
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefen Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shae He
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaqin Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chendong Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Junkang Rong
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Paffendorf BAM, Qassrawi R, Meys AM, Trimborn L, Schrader A. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 participates in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8303. [PMID: 31998554 PMCID: PMC6977477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is such a factor that has been predominantly described as a regulator of early developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 affect photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcript levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawan Qassrawi
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea M Meys
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Trimborn
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Aachen, Germany
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Samakovli D, Roka L, Plitsi PK, Kaltsa I, Daras G, Milioni D, Hatzopoulos P. Active BR signalling adjusts the subcellular localisation of BES1/HSP90 complex formation. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:129-133. [PMID: 31469500 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90) are essential and play critical roles in the adaptation of organisms to diverse stimuli. In plants, HSP90 are involved in auxin, jasmonate and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathways. The BR-promoted activation of the BES1 transcription factor regulates BR-responsive genes. Using genetic, physiological, fluorescence live cell imaging, molecular and biochemical approaches, such as phenotypic analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, yeast-two hybrid and Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), we studied complex formation between BES1 and HSP90 under control conditions and active BR signalling. Further, we determined the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 ATPase activity on hypocotyl elongation of bes1-D mutant. We determined that HSP90 interact with BES1 in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. During active BR signalling, nuclear complexes were absent while cytoplasmic HSP90/BES1 complexes were prominent. Our results showed that the hypocotyl length of bes1-D mutants was highly reduced when HSP90 was challenged by the geldanamycin (GDA) inhibitor of the ATPase activity of HSP90. Active BR signalling could not rescue the GDA effect on the hypocotyl elongation of bes1-D. Our results reveal that the constitutively active BES1 in the bes1-D mutant is hypersensitive to GDA. The interaction of HSP90 with BES1 argues that HSP90 facilitate the nuclear metastable conformation of BES1 to regulate BR-dependent gene expression, and our data show that HSP90 assist in the compartmentalised cycle of BES1 during active BR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Samakovli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Cell Biology Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - L Roka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P-K Plitsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Kaltsa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Daras
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Milioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Hatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Daras G, Alatzas A, Tsitsekian D, Templalexis D, Rigas S, Hatzopoulos P. Detection of RNA‐protein interactions using a highly sensitive non‐radioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1365-1371. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Daras
- Department of BiotechnologyAgricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Anastasios Alatzas
- Department of BiotechnologyAgricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dikran Tsitsekian
- Department of BiotechnologyAgricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of BiotechnologyAgricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
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30
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Roka L, Koudounas K, Daras G, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, Kalaitzis P, Hatzopoulos P. Proteome of olive non-glandular trichomes reveals protective protein network against (a)biotic challenge. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:210-218. [PMID: 30286324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive is one of the most important fruit crop trees in the history of Mediterranean because of the high quality oil. Olive oil has a well-balanced fatty acid composition along with biophenols, which make it exceptional in human diet and provide an exceptional value to the olive oil. Leaf non-glandular peltate trichomes are specialized cell types representing a protective barrier against acute environmental conditions. To characterize the proteome of this highly differentiated cell type, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis among isolated trichomes and trichome-less leaves. Proteins were separated and identified using the 2-DE MALDI-TOF/MS method. A number of enzymes involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses are present and may be responsible for the adaptation to prolonged adverse environmental conditions. The results show that this highly differentiated cell type is physiologically active fulfilling the demands of the trichomes in furnishing the leaf with a highly protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Roka
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Horticultural Genetics, Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
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Yue C, Cao HL, Chen D, Lin HZ, Wang Z, Hu J, Yang GY, Guo YQ, Ye NX, Hao XY. Comparative transcriptome study of hairy and hairless tea plant (Camellia sinensis) shoots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:41-52. [PMID: 30032044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichome (also referred to as 'háo' in tea) is a key feature in both tea products and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) selection breeding. Although trichomes are used as a model for studying cell differentiation and have been well studied in many plant species, the regulation of trichome formation at the molecular level is poorly understood in tea plants. In the present study, the hairy and hairless tea plant cultivars Fudingdabaicha (FDDB) and Rongchunzao (RCZ), respectively, were used to study this mechanism. We characterised tea plant trichomes as unicellular and unbranched structures. High-throughput Illumina sequencing yielded approximately 277.0 million high-quality clean reads from the FDDB and RCZ cultivars. After de novo assembly, 161,444 unigenes were generated, with an average length of 937 bp. Among these unigenes, 81,425 were annotated using public databases, and 55,201 coding sequences and 4004 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. In total, 21,599 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between RCZ and FDDB, of which 10,785 DEGs were up-regulated and 10,814 DEGs were down-regulated. Genes involved in the DNA replication pathway were significantly enriched. Furthermore, between FDDB and RCZ, DEGs related to TFs, phytohormone signals, and cellulose synthesis were identified, suggesting that certain genes involved in these pathways are crucial for trichome initiation in tea plants. Together, the results of this study provide novel data to improve our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of trichome formation and lay a foundation for additional trichome studies in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hong-Li Cao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yi Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nai-Xing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang B, Schrader A. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1-Dependent Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E65. [PMID: 29261137 PMCID: PMC5750641 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid composition of various tissues throughout plant development is of biological relevance and particular interest for breeding. Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (AtTTG1) is an essential regulator of late structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we provide a review of the regulation of the pathway's core enzymes through AtTTG1-containing R2R3-MYELOBLASTOSIS-basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX-WD40 repeat (MBW(AtTTG1)) complexes embedded in an evolutionary context. We present a comprehensive collection of A. thalianattg1 mutants and AtTTG1 orthologs. A plethora of MBW(AtTTG1) mechanisms in regulating the five major TTG1-dependent traits is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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