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Li H, Che R, Zhu J, Yang X, Li J, Fernie AR, Yan J. Multi-omics-driven advances in the understanding of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in oil seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:999-1017. [PMID: 38009661 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and energy as well as valuable sources of human food, animal feed, and bioenergy. Triacylglycerols, which are comprised of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, are the main component of vegetable oils. Here, we review the development and application of multiple-level omics in major oilseeds and emphasize the progress in the analysis of the biological roles of key genes underlying seed oil content and quality in major oilseeds. Finally, we discuss future research directions in functional genomics research based on current omics and oil metabolic engineering strategies that aim to enhance seed oil content and quality, and specific fatty acids components according to either human health needs or industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ronghui Che
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Qin D, Xing J, Cheng P, Yu G. Genome-wide association and RNA-seq analyses reveal a potential gene related to linolenic acid in soybean seeds. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16138. [PMID: 37933254 PMCID: PMC10625760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linolenic acid (LA) has poor oxidative stability since it is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Soybean oil has a high LA content and thus has poor oxidative stability. To identify candidate genes that affect the linolenic acid (LA) content in soybean seeds, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with 1,060 soybean cultivars collected in China between 2019-2021 and which LA content was measured using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS). A candidate gene, GmWRI14, encoding an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, was detected by GWAS in cultivars from all three study years. Multiple sequence alignments showed that GmWRI14 belongs to the plant WRI1 family. The fatty acid contents of different soybean lines were evaluated in transgenic lines with a copy of GmWRI14, control lines without GmWRI14, and the gmwri14 mutant. MALDI-TOF IMS revealed that GmWRI14 transgenic soybeans had a lower LA content with a significant effect on seed size and shape, whereas gmwri14 mutants had a higher LA content. compared to control. The RNA-seq results showed that GmWRI14 suppresses GmFAD3s (GmFAD3B and GmFAD3C) and GmbZIP54 expression in soybean seeds, leading to decreased LA content. Based on the RNA-seq data, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and qRT-PCR were performed to confirm the transcriptional regulation of FAD3s by GmWRI14. Our results suggest that FAD3 is indirectly regulated by GmWRI14, representing a new molecular mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis, in which GmWRI14 regulates LA content in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qin
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Gongdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiehua Xing
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Gongdong, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Gongdong, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Gongdong, China
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3
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Du P, Deng Q, Wang W, Garg V, Lu Q, Huang L, Wang R, Li H, Huai D, Chen X, Varshney RK, Hong Y, Liu H. scRNA-seq Reveals the Mechanism of Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Mutation to Repress Leaf Growth in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Cells 2023; 12:2305. [PMID: 37759528 PMCID: PMC10527976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) controls the conversion of oleic acids into linoleic acids. Mutations in FAD2 not only increase the high-oleic content, but also repress the leaf growth. However, the mechanism by which FAD2 regulates the growth pathway has not been elucidated in peanut leaves with single-cell resolution. In this study, we isolated fad2 mutant leaf protoplast cells to perform single-cell RNA sequencing. Approximately 24,988 individual cells with 10,249 expressed genes were classified into five major cell types. A comparative analysis of 3495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in distinct cell types demonstrated that fad2 inhibited the expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG in vascular cells, thereby repressing leaf growth. Further, pseudo-time trajectory analysis indicated that fad2 repressed leaf cell differentiation, and cell-cycle evidence displayed that fad2 perturbed the normal cell cycle to induce the majority of cells to drop into the S phase. Additionally, important transcription factors were filtered from the DEG profiles that connected the network involved in high-oleic acid accumulation (WRKY6), activated the hormone pathway (WRKY23, ERF109), and potentially regulated leaf growth (ERF6, MYB102, WRKY30). Collectively, our study describes different gene atlases in high-oleic and normal peanut seedling leaves, providing novel biological insights to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the high-oleic peanut-associated agronomic trait at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Quanqing Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Vanika Garg
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Qing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Haifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
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4
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Zhou XR, Liu Q, Singh S. Engineering Nutritionally Improved Edible Plant Oils. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:247-269. [PMID: 36972153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to traditional breeding, which relies on the identification of mutants, metabolic engineering provides a new platform to modify the oil composition in oil crops for improved nutrition. By altering endogenous genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways, it is possible to modify edible plant oils to increase the content of desired components or reduce the content of undesirable components. However, introduction of novel nutritional components such as omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids needs transgenic expression of novel genes in crops. Despite formidable challenges, significant progress in engineering nutritionally improved edible plant oils has recently been achieved, with some commercial products now on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australia;
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Kumar S, DePauw RM, Kumar S, Kumar J, Kumar S, Pandey MP. Breeding and adoption of biofortified crops and their nutritional impact on human health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:5-19. [PMID: 36479674 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition has affected over two billion people worldwide and continues to be a health risk. A growing human population, poverty, and the prevalence of low dietary diversity are jointly responsible for malnutrition, particularly in developing nations. Inadequate bioavailability of key micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, can be improved through agronomic and/or genetic interventions. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research prioritizes developing biofortified food crops that are rich in minerals and vitamins through the HarvestPlus initiative on biofortification. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of biofortified food crops along with evidence supporting their acceptability and adoption. Between 2004 and 2019, 242 biofortified varieties belonging to 11 major crops were released in 30 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These conventionally bred biofortified crops include Fe-enriched beans, pearl millet, and cowpea; Zn-enriched rice, wheat, and maize; both Fe- and Zn-enriched lentil and sorghum; and varieties with improved vitamin A in orange-fleshed sweet potato, maize, cassava, and banana/plantain. In addition to ongoing efforts, breeding innovations, such as speed breeding and CRISPR-based gene editing technologies, will be necessary for the next decade to reach two billion people with biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Madhav P Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Nepal
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6
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Rozas P, Kessi-Pérez EI, Martínez C. Genetically modified organisms: adapting regulatory frameworks for evolving genome editing technologies. Biol Res 2022; 55:31. [PMID: 36266673 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification of living organisms has been a prosperous activity for research and development of agricultural, industrial and biomedical applications. Three decades have passed since the first genetically modified products, obtained by transgenesis, become available to the market. The regulatory frameworks across the world have not been able to keep up to date with new technologies, monitoring and safety concerns. New genome editing techniques are opening new avenues to genetic modification development and uses, putting pressure on these frameworks. Here we discuss the implications of definitions of living/genetically modified organisms, the evolving genome editing tools to obtain them and how the regulatory frameworks around the world have taken these technologies into account, with a focus on agricultural crops. Finally, we expand this review beyond commercial crops to address living modified organism uses in food industry, biomedical applications and climate change-oriented solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rozas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo I Kessi-Pérez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Baloglu MC, Celik Altunoglu Y, Baloglu P, Yildiz AB, Türkölmez N, Özden Çiftçi Y. Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications in Legumes: Progress, Evolution, and Future Prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:859437. [PMID: 35836569 PMCID: PMC9275826 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are rich in protein and phytochemicals and have provided a healthy diet for human beings for thousands of years. In recognition of the important role they play in human nutrition and agricultural production, the researchers have made great efforts to gain new genetic traits in legumes such as yield, stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. In recent years, the significant increase in genomic resources for legume plants has prepared the groundwork for applying cutting-edge breeding technologies, such as transgenic technologies, genome editing, and genomic selection for crop improvement. In addition to the different genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system, this review article discusses the recent advances in plant-specific gene-editing methods, as well as problems and potential benefits associated with the improvement of legume crops with important agronomic properties. The genome editing technologies have been effectively used in different legume plants including model legumes like alfalfa and lotus, as well as crops like soybean, cowpea, and chickpea. We also discussed gene-editing methods used in legumes and the improvements of agronomic traits in model and recalcitrant legumes. Despite the immense opportunities genome editing can offer to the breeding of legumes, governmental regulatory restrictions present a major concern. In this context, the comparison of the regulatory framework of genome editing strategies in the European Union and the United States of America was also discussed. Gene-editing technologies have opened up new possibilities for the improvement of significant agronomic traits in legume breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Pinar Baloglu
- Research and Application Center, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ali Burak Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nil Türkölmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yelda Özden Çiftçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Smart Agriculture Research and Application Center, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Yelda Özden Çiftçi,
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8
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Silva LCC, Mayrink DB, Bueno RD, Piovesan ND, Ribeiro C, Dal-Bianco M. Reference Genes and Expression Analysis of Seed Desaturases Genes in Soybean Mutant Accessions. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:937-952. [PMID: 34554351 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil is the second most-produced vegetable oil worldwide. To enhance the nutritional quality and oxidative stability of soybean oil, many soybean breeding programs are trying to increase oleic acid content and reduce linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The fatty acid profile of soybean oil is controlled by many genes, including those which code for omega-3 and omega-6 desaturases. Mutations in GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD3 genes are widely studied and their combinations can produce soybean oil with high oleic and low linoleic and linolenic content. However, few studies evaluate the effect of these mutations on gene expression. Therefore, the present study sought to identify reference genes, evaluate the expression of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD3 seed desaturase genes in thirteen wild-type and mutated soybean accessions, and associate the expression patterns with fatty acid composition and with the GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD3 genotypes. GmCONS7 and GmUKN2 were identified as the best reference genes for combined use to normalize data. The GmFAD2-1A mutation of PI603452 accession was associated with a decrease in gene expression of GmFAD2-1A; however, downregulation may not be due to the truncated enzyme structure alone. These results suggested that there are factors other than GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B that have a considerable effect on oleic content, at least in soybeans with mutations in these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Cláudio Costa Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, 44036-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Delmond Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Newton Deniz Piovesan
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cleberson Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maximiller Dal-Bianco
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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9
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Kumar J, Kumar A, Sen Gupta D, Kumar S, DePauw RM. Reverse genetic approaches for breeding nutrient-rich and climate-resilient cereal and food legume crops. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:473-496. [PMID: 35249099 PMCID: PMC9178024 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, advancements in genomics tools and techniques have led to the discovery of many genes. Most of these genes still need to be characterized for their associated function and therefore, such genes remain underutilized for breeding the next generation of improved crop varieties. The recent developments in different reverse genetic approaches have made it possible to identify the function of genes controlling nutritional, biochemical, and metabolic traits imparting drought, heat, cold, salinity tolerance as well as diseases and insect-pests. This article focuses on reviewing the current status and prospects of using reverse genetic approaches to breed nutrient-rich and climate resilient cereal and food legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, 118 Strathcona Rd SW, Calgary, AB, T3H 1P3, Canada
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10
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Sharma P, Singh SP, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldivar R, Varjani S, Tong YW. Genetic modifications associated with sustainability aspects for sustainable developments. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9508-9520. [PMID: 35389819 PMCID: PMC9161841 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development serves as the foundation for a range of international and national policymaking. Traditional breeding methods have been used to modify plant genomes and production. Genetic engineering is the practice of assisting agricultural systems in adapting to rapidly changing global growth by hastening the breeding of new varieties. On the other hand, the development of genetic engineering has enabled more precise control over the genomic alterations made in recent decades. Genetic changes from one species can now be introduced into a completely unrelated species, increasing agricultural output or making certain elements easier to manufacture. Harvest plants and soil microorganisms are just a few of the more well-known genetically modified creatures. Researchers assess current studies and illustrate the possibility of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) from the perspectives of various stakeholders. GMOs increase yields, reduce costs, and reduce agriculture's terrestrial and ecological footprint. Modern technology benefits innovators, farmers, and consumers alike. Agricultural biotechnology has numerous applications, each with its own set of potential consequences. This will be able to reach its full potential if more people have access to technology and excessive regulation is avoided. This paper covers the regulations for genetically modified crops (GMCs) as well as the economic implications. It also includes sections on biodiversity and environmental impact, as well as GMCs applications. This recounts biotechnological interventions for long-term sustainability in the field of GMCs, as well as the challenges and opportunities in this field of research.Abbreviations: GMCs-Genetically modified crops; GMOs- Genetically modified organisms; GE- Genetic engineering; Bt- Bacillus thuringiensisNIH- National Institutes of Health; FDA- Food and Drug Administration; HGT- Horizontal gene transfer; GM- Genetically modified; rDNA- Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid; USDA- United States Department of Agriculture; NIH- National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, D.A.V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- FEMSA, Tecnológico de MonterreyEscuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias- Centro de Biotecnología-, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
- CONTACT Sunita Varjani ; Yen Wah Tong Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Di Q, Piersanti A, Zhang Q, Miceli C, Li H, Liu X. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes Related to the Linoleic Acid Content in Soybean Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:454. [PMID: 35008885 PMCID: PMC8745128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) oil is a complex mixture of five fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). The high content of linoleic acid (LA) contributes to the oil having poor oxidative stability. Therefore, soybean seed with a lower LA content is desirable. To investigate the genetic architecture of LA, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 510 soybean cultivars collected from China. The phenotypic identification results showed that the content of LA varied from 36.22% to 72.18%. The GWAS analysis showed that there were 37 genes related to oleic acid content, with a contribution rate of 7%. The candidate gene Glyma.04G116500.1 (GmWRI14) on chromosome 4 was detected in three consecutive years. The GmWRI14 showed a negative correlation with the LA content and the correlation coefficient was -0.912. To test whether GmWRI14 can lead to a lower LA content in soybean, we introduced GmWRI14 into the soybean genome. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) showed that the overexpression of GmWRI14 leads to a lower LA content in soybean seeds. Meanwhile, RNA-seq verified that GmWRI14-overexpressed soybean lines showed a lower accumulation of GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B than control lines. Our results indicate that the down-regulation of the FAD2 gene triggered by the transcription factor GmWRI14 is the underlying mechanism reducing the LA level of seed. Our results provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of LA and pinpoint potential candidate genes for further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Di
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
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12
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Park ME, Yun JY, Kim HU. C-to-G Base Editing Enhances Oleic Acid Production by Generating Novel Alleles of FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748529. [PMID: 34764970 PMCID: PMC8576475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for vegetable oil, which is mainly used for dietary purposes and cooking, is steadily increasing worldwide. It is often desirable to reduce unsaturation levels of fatty acids in order to increase storage stability and reduce trans-fat generation during cooking. Functional disruption of FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2) prevents the conversion of monounsaturated oleic acid to polyunsaturated linoleic acid, thereby enhancing the production of the desirable oleic acid. However, FAD2 null alleles, due to growth defects under stress conditions, are impractical for agronomical purposes. Here, we aimed to attenuate FAD2 activity in planta while avoiding adverse growth effects by introducing amino-acid substitutions using CRISPR base editors. In Arabidopsis, we applied the adenine base editor (ABE) and cytosine base editor (CBE) to induce semi-random base substitutions within several selected FAD2 coding regions. Isolation of base-edited fad2 alleles with higher oleic acid revealed that the CBE application induced C-to-T and/or C-to-G base substitutions within the targeted sequences, resulting in an alteration of the FAD2 enzyme activities; for example, fad2-144 with multiple C-to-G base substitutions showed less growth defects but with a significant increase in oleic acids by 3-fold higher than wild type. Our "proof-of-concept" approach suggests that equivalent alleles may be generated in vegetable oil crops via precision genome editing for practical cultivation. Our targeted semi-random strategy may serve as a new complementary platform for planta engineering of useful agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yun
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Kawall K. The Generic Risks and the Potential of SDN-1 Applications in Crop Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2259. [PMID: 34834620 PMCID: PMC8622673 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of site-directed nucleases (SDNs) in crop plants to alter market-oriented traits is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an on-going debate around the safety and regulation of crops altered with the site-directed nuclease 1 (SDN-1) technology. SDN-1 applications can be used to induce a variety of genetic alterations ranging from fairly 'simple' genetic alterations to complex changes in plant genomes using, for example, multiplexing approaches. The resulting plants can contain modified alleles and associated traits, which are either known or unknown in conventionally bred plants. The European Commission recently published a study on new genomic techniques suggesting an adaption of the current GMO legislation by emphasizing that targeted mutagenesis techniques can produce genomic alterations that can also be obtained by natural mutations or conventional breeding techniques. This review highlights the need for a case-specific risk assessment of crop plants derived from SDN-1 applications considering both the characteristics of the product and the process to ensure a high level of protection of human and animal health and the environment. The published literature on so-called market-oriented traits in crop plants altered with SDN-1 applications is analyzed here to determine the types of SDN-1 application in plants, and to reflect upon the complexity and the naturalness of such products. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of SDN-1 applications to induce complex alterations in plant genomes that are relevant to generic SDN-associated risks. In summary, it was found that nearly half of plants with so-called market-oriented traits contain complex genomic alterations induced by SDN-1 applications, which may also pose new types of risks. It further underscores the need for data on both the process and the end-product for a case-by-case risk assessment of plants derived from SDN-1 applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kawall
- Fachstelle Gentechnik und Umwelt, Frohschammerstr. 14, 80807 Munich, Germany
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14
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Wang J, Liu Z, Liu H, Peng D, Zhang J, Chen M. Linum usitatissimum FAD2A and FAD3A enhance seed polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation and seedling cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111014. [PMID: 34482917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linolenic acid, which is converted from linoleic acid. Studies have indicated that the biosynthesis of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is controlled by FAD2 and FAD3, respectively. However, the functional distinctions of different LuFAD2 and LuFAD3 copies from L. usitatissimum in governing the biosynthesis of linoleic acid or linolenic acid, respectively, remain unclear. In this study, five LuFAD2 and three LuFAD3 cDNAs were cloned from the L. usitatissimum cultivar 'Longya 10', and GC-MS results demonstrated that LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A play predominant roles in the accumulation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. Their simultaneous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds led to a significant increase in fatty acid contents, especially PUFAs. Additionally, LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A promoted the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by increasing the levels of linolenic acid, which, in turn, enhanced plant cold tolerance. When the amount of linolenic acid is not sufficient, plants adapt to low temperature via the accumulation of anthocyanins. These findings provide insights into the higher accumulation of PUFAs in L. usitatissimum seeds, and provide potential targets for improving oil quality of other oil-producing crops through molecular manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Danshuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Karavolias NG, Horner W, Abugu MN, Evanega SN. Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.685801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change imposes a severe threat to agricultural systems, food security, and human nutrition. Meanwhile, efforts in crop and livestock gene editing have been undertaken to improve performance across a range of traits. Many of the targeted phenotypes include attributes that could be beneficial for climate change adaptation. Here, we present examples of emerging gene editing applications and research initiatives that are aimed at the improvement of crops and livestock in response to climate change, and discuss technical limitations and opportunities therein. While only few applications of gene editing have been translated to agricultural production thus far, numerous studies in research settings have demonstrated the potential for potent applications to address climate change in the near future.
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16
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Kashtwari M, Mansoor S, Wani AA, Najar MA, Deshmukh RK, Baloch FS, Abidi I, Zargar SM. Random mutagenesis in vegetatively propagated crops: opportunities, challenges and genome editing prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:5729-5749. [PMID: 34427889 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the growing human food and nutrition demand a perpetual process of crop improvement is idealized. It has seen changing trends and varying concepts throughout human history; from simple selection to complex gene-editing. Among these techniques, random mutagenesis has been shown to be a promising technology to achieve desirable genetic gain with less time and minimal efforts. Over the decade, several hundred varieties have been released through random mutagenesis, but the production is falling behind the demand. Several food crops like banana, potato, cassava, sweet potato, apple, citrus, and others are vegetatively propagated. Since such crops are not propagated through seed, genetic improvement through classical breeding is impractical for them. Besides, in the case of polyploids, accomplishment of allelic homozygosity requires a considerable land area, extensive fieldwork with huge manpower, and hefty funding for an extended period of time. Apart from induction, mapping of induced genes to facilitate the knowledge of biological processes has been performed only in a few selected facultative vegetative crops like banana and cassava which can form a segregating population. During the last few decades, there has been a shift in the techniques used for crop improvement. With the introduction of the robust technologies like meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) more and more crops are being subjected to gene editing. However, more work needs to be done in case of vegetatively propagated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahpara Kashtwari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, FBSc, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Aijaz A Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Najar
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Rupesh K Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, 140308, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ishfaq Abidi
- Directorate of Research, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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17
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Miladinovic D, Antunes D, Yildirim K, Bakhsh A, Cvejić S, Kondić-Špika A, Marjanovic Jeromela A, Opsahl-Sorteberg HG, Zambounis A, Hilioti Z. Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:935-951. [PMID: 33475781 PMCID: PMC8184711 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. The main challenges of today's agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kubilay Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ondokuzmayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Antonios Zambounis
- Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Naoussa, Greece
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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18
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Prokaryotic Expression of Phospho enolpyruvate Carboxylase Fragments from Peanut and Analysis of Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Recombinant Strains. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020365. [PMID: 33672856 PMCID: PMC7917721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible β-carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in presence of HCO3− to produce oxaloacetate (OAA) during carbon fixation and photosynthesis. It is well accepted that PEPC genes are expressed in plants upon stress. PEPC also supports the biosynthesis of biocompatible osmolytes in many plant species under osmotic stress. There are five isoforms of PEPC found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), namely, AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, AhPEPC3, AhPEPC4, and AhPEPC5. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the gene expression patterns of these AhPEPC genes were different in mature seeds, stems, roots, flowers, and leaves. The expression of all the plant type PEPC (PTPCs) (AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, AhPEPC3, and AhPEPC4) was relatively high in roots, while the bacterial type PEPC (BTPC) (AhPEPC5) showed a remarkable expression level in flowers. Principal component analysis (PCA) result showed that AhPEPC3 and AhPEPC4 are correlated with each other, indicating comparatively associations with roots, and AhPEPC5 have a very close relationship with flowers. In order to investigate the function of these AhPEPCs, the fragments of these five AhPEPC cDNA were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The recombinant proteins contained a conserved domain with a histidine site, which is important for enzyme catalysis. Results showed that protein fragments of AhPEPC1, AhPEPC2, and AhPEPC5 had remarkable expression levels in E. coli. These three recombinant strains were more sensitive at pH 9.0, and recombinant strains carrying AhPEPC2 and AhPEPC5 fragments exhibited more growth than the control strain with the presence of PEG6000. Our findings showed that the expression of the AhPEPC fragments may enhance the resistance of transformed E. coli to osmotic stress.
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19
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Subedi U, Jayawardhane KN, Pan X, Ozga J, Chen G, Foroud NA, Singer SD. The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops. Lipids 2020; 55:495-512. [PMID: 32856292 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR-related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
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20
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Global transcriptome analysis of subterranean pod and seed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) unravels the complexity of fruit development under dark condition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13050. [PMID: 32747681 PMCID: PMC7398922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut pods develop underground, which is the most salient characteristic in peanut. However, its developmental transcriptome remains largely unknown. In the present study, we sequenced over one billion transcripts to explore the developmental transcriptome of peanut pod using Illumina sequencing. Moreover, we identified and quantified the abundances of 165,689 transcripts in seed and shell tissues along with a pod developmental gradient. The dynamic changes of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were described in seed and shell. Additionally, we found that photosynthetic genes were not only pronouncedly enriched in aerial pod, but also played roles in developing pod under dark condition. Genes functioning in photomorphogenesis showed distinct expression profiles along subterranean pod development. Clustering analysis unraveled a dynamic transcriptome, in which transcripts for DNA synthesis and cell division during pod expansion were transitioning to transcripts for cell expansion and storage activity during seed filling. Collectively, our study formed a transcriptional baseline for peanut fruit development under dark condition.
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21
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Berestovoy MA, Pavlenko OS, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV. Plant Fatty Acid Desaturases: Role in the Life of Plants and Biotechnological Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086420020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Genome-edited plants in the field. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Liu H, Hong Y, Lu Q, Li H, Gu J, Ren L, Deng L, Zhou B, Chen X, Liang X. Integrated Analysis of Comparative Lipidomics and Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Changes of Lipid Molecular Species in High-Oleic Acid Peanut Seed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:426-438. [PMID: 31855429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern peanut contains fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) mutation, which is capable of producing high oleic acid for human health. However, the dynamic changes of the lipidome regarding fad2 remain elusive in peanut seed. In the present study, 547 lipid features were identified in high- and normal-oleic peanut seeds by utilizing the mass spectrometric approach. The fad2-induced differently expressed lipids (DELs) were polarly distributed at early and maturation stages during high-oleic acid (OA) seed development. Subsequently, integration of previously published proteomic data and lipidomic data revealed that 21 proteins and 149 DELs were annotated into the triacylglycerol assembly map, of which nine enzymes and 31 lipid species shared similar variation tendencies. Additionally, the variation tendencies of 17 acyl fatty acids were described in a hypothetical biosynthetic pathway. Collectively, the understanding of the lipid composition correlated with fad2 established a foundation for future high-OA peanut breeding based on lipidomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Haifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jianzhong Gu
- Peanut Research Institute , Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Li Ren
- Peanut Research Institute , Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Li Deng
- Peanut Research Institute , Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Baojin Zhou
- Shenzhen Deepxomics Biotechnology Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518000 , China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xuanqiang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Miroshnichenko DN, Shulga OA, Timerbaev VR, Dolgov SV. Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects in the Production of Nontransgenic, Genome-Edited Plants. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the High-Oleic Acid Feedback Regulating the Homologous Gene Expression of Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase 2 ( SAD2) in Peanuts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123091. [PMID: 31242553 PMCID: PMC6628111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanuts with high oleic acid content are usually considered to be beneficial for human health and edible oil storage. In breeding practice, peanut lines with high monounsaturated fatty acids are selected using fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), which is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Here, comparative transcriptomics were used to analyze the global gene expression profile of high- and normal-oleic peanut cultivars at six time points during seed development. First, the mutant type of FAD2 was determined in the high-oleic peanut (H176). The result suggested that early translation termination occurred simultaneously in the coding sequence of FAD2-A and FAD2-B, and the cultivar H176 is capable of utilizing a potential germplasm resource for future high-oleic peanut breeding. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in high-oleic peanut seed, of which five DEGs encoded the fatty acid desaturase. Aradu.XM2MR belonged to the homologous gene of stearoyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) desaturase 2 (SAD2) that converted the C18:0 into C18:1. Further subcellular localization studies indicated that FAD2 was located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Aradu.XM2MR was targeted to the plastid in Arabidopsis protoplast cells. To examine the dynamic mechanism of this finding, we focused on the peroxidase (POD)-mediated fatty acid (FA) degradation pathway. The fad2 mutant significantly increased the POD activity and H2O2 concentration at the early stage of seed development, implying that redox signaling likely acted as a messenger to connect the signaling transduction between the high-oleic content and Aradu.XM2MR transcription level. Taken together, transcriptome analysis revealed the feedback mechanism of SAD2 (Aradu.XM2MR) associated with FAD2 mutation during the seed developmental stage, which could provide a potential peanut breeding strategy based on identified candidate genes to improve the content of oleic acid.
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Zhang H, Dong J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Ren J, Xing L, Jiang C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao S, Yu H. Research Progress in Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Mechanism in Peanut Cold Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:838. [PMID: 31316538 PMCID: PMC6610330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Early sowing has been extensively used in high-latitude areas to avoid drought stress during sowing; however, cold damage has become the key limiting factor of early sowing. To relieve cold stress, plants develop a series of physiological and biochemical changes and sophisticated molecular regulatory mechanisms. The biomembrane is the barrier that protects cells from injury as well as the primary place for sensing cold signals. Chilling tolerance is closely related to the composition, structure, and metabolic process of membrane lipids. This review focuses on membrane lipid metabolism and its molecular mechanism, as well as lipid signal transduction in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under cold stress to build a foundation for explicating lipid metabolism regulation patterns and physiological and molecular response mechanisms during cold stress and to promote the genetic improvement of peanut cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liting Xing
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- Peanut Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Haiqiu Yu,
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