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Dahlsjö CA, Atkins T, Malhi Y. Large invertebrate decomposers contribute to faster leaf litter decomposition in Fraxinus excelsior-dominated habitats: Implications of ash dieback. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27228. [PMID: 38495134 PMCID: PMC10943353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf litter decomposition is a major component of nutrient cycling which depends on the quality and quantity of the leaf material. Ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior, decay time ∼ 0.4 years) are declining throughout Europe due to a fungal pathogen (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus), which is likely to alter biochemical cycling across the continent. The ecological impact of losing species with fast decomposing leaves is not well quantified. In this study we examine how decomposition of three leaf species with varying decomposition rates including ash, sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus, decay time ∼ 1.4 years), and beech (Fagus sylvatica, decay time ∼ 6.8 years) differ in habitats with and without ash as the dominant overstorey species. Ten plots (40 m × 40 m) were set up in five locations representing ash dominated and non-ash dominated habitats. In each plot mesh bags (30 cm × 30 cm, 0.5 mm aperture) with a single leaf species (5 g) were used to include (large holes added) and exclude macrofauna invertebrates (with a focus on decomposer organisms such as earthworms, millipedes, and woodlice). The mesh bags were installed in October 2020 and retrieved without replacement at exponential intervals after 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Total leaf mass loss was highest in the ash dominated habitat (ash dominated: 88.5%, non-ash dominated: 66.5%) where macrofauna were the main contributor (macrofauna: 96%, microorganisms/mesofauna: 4%). The difference between macrofauna vs microorganisms and mesofauna was less pronounced in the non-ash dominated habitat (macrofauna: 68%, microorganisms/mesofauna: 31%). Our results suggest that if ash dominated habitats are replaced by species such as sycamore, beech, and oak, the role of macrofauna decomposers will be reduced and leaf litter decomposition rates will decrease by 25%. These results provide important insights for future ash dieback management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A.L. Dahlsjö
- School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Thomas Atkins
- School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, UK
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2
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Schneider M, Keiblinger KM, Paumann M, Soja G, Mentler A, Golestani-Fard A, Retzmann A, Prohaska T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Wenzel W, Zehetner F. Fungicide application increased copper-bioavailability and impaired nitrogen fixation through reduced root nodule formation on alfalfa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:599-611. [PMID: 31140046 PMCID: PMC6647429 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based fungicides have been used for a long time in viticulture and have accumulated in many vineyard soils. In this study, incrementing Cu(OH)2-based fungicide application from 0.05 to 5 g Cu kg-1 on two agricultural soils (an acidic sandy loam (L, pH 4.95) and an alkaline silt loam (D, pH 7.45)) resulted in 5 times more mobile Cu in the acidic soil. The most sensitive parameters of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) growing in these soils were the root nodule number, decreasing to 34% and 15% of the control at 0.1 g Cu kg-1 in soil L and at 1.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil D, respectively, as well as the nodule biomass, decreasing to 25% and 27% at 0.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil L and at 1.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil D, respectively. However, the enzymatic N2-fixation was not directly affected by Cu in spite of the presence of Cu in the meristem and the zone of effective N2-fixation, as illustrated by chemical imaging. The strongly different responses observed in the two tested soils reflect the higher buffering capacity of the alkaline silt loam and showed that Cu mitigation and remediation strategies should especially target vineyards with acidic, sandy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schneider
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Division of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Institut für Bodenforschung, Schwackhöfer Haus, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Wien, Austria.
| | - Katharina M Keiblinger
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Paumann
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alireza Golestani-Fard
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Anika Retzmann
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Wenzel
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Pieristè M, Chauvat M, Kotilainen TK, Jones AG, Aubert M, Robson TM, Forey E. Solar UV-A radiation and blue light enhance tree leaf litter decomposition in a temperate forest. Oecologia 2019; 191:191-203. [PMID: 31363838 PMCID: PMC6732127 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight can accelerate the decomposition process through an ensemble of direct and indirect processes known as photodegradation. Although photodegradation is widely studied in arid environments, there have been few studies in temperate regions. This experiment investigated how exposure to solar radiation, and specifically UV-B, UV-A, and blue light, affects leaf litter decomposition under a temperate forest canopy in France. For this purpose, we employed custom-made litterbags built using filters that attenuated different regions of the solar spectrum. Litter mass loss and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of three species: European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), differing in their leaf traits and decomposition rate, were analysed over a period of 7–10 months. Over the entire period, the effect of treatments attenuating blue light and solar UV radiation on leaf litter decomposition was similar to that of our dark treatment, where litter lost 20–30% less mass and had a lower C:N ratio than under the full-spectrum treatment. Moreover, decomposition was affected more by the filter treatment than mesh size, which controlled access by mesofauna. The effect of filter treatment differed among the three species and appeared to depend on litter quality (and especially C:N), producing the greatest effect in recalcitrant litter (F. sylvatica). Even under the reduced irradiance found in the understorey of a temperate forest, UV radiation and blue light remain important in accelerating surface litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pieristè
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France.
| | - Matthieu Chauvat
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
| | - Titta K Kotilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4a, 20520, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Alan G Jones
- Earthwatch Institute, Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DE, UK.,Forest Systems, Scion. 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Michaël Aubert
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Estelle Forey
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
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4
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Coupe SJ, Nnadi EO, Mbanaso FU, Newman AP. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19238-19246. [PMID: 28936639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of the solid municipal waste generated by society is sent to landfill, where biodegrading processes result in the release of methane, a major contributor to climate change. This work examined the possibility of installing a type of biofilter within paved areas of the landfill site, making use of modified pervious paving, both to allow the escape of ground gas and to avoid contamination of groundwater, using specially designed test models with provision for gas sampling in various chambers. It proposes the incorporation of an active layer within a void forming box with a view to making dual use of the pervious pavement to provide both a drainage feature and a ground gas vent, whilst providing an active layer for the oxidation of methane by microbial action. The methane removal was observed to have been effected by microbial oxidation and as such offers great promise as a method of methane removal to allow for development of landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest O Nnadi
- Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | | | - Alan P Newman
- Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
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5
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Song Y, Song C, Ren J, Tan W, Jin S, Jiang L. Influence of nitrogen additions on litter decomposition, nutrient dynamics, and enzymatic activity of two plant species in a peatland in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:640-646. [PMID: 29304502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability affects litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics, especially in N-limited ecosystems. We investigated the response of litter decomposition to N additions in Eriophorum vaginatum and Vaccinium uliginosum peatlands. These two species dominate peatlands in Northeast China. In 2012, mesh bags containing senesced leaf litter of Eriophorum vaginatum and Vaccinium uliginosum were placed in N addition plots and sprayed monthly for two years with NH4NO3 solution at dose rates of 0, 6, 12, and 24gNm-2year-1 (CK, N1, N2 and N3, respectively). Mass loss, N and phosphorus (P) content, and enzymatic activity were measured over time as litter decomposed. In the control plots, V. uliginosum litter decomposed faster than E. vaginatum litter. N1, N2, and N3 treatments increased the mass losses of V. uliginosum litter by 6%, 9%, and 4% respectively, when compared with control. No significant influence of N additions was found on the decomposition of E. vaginatum litter. However, N and P content in E. vaginatum litter and V. uliginosum litter significantly increased with N additions. Moreover, N additions significantly promoted invertase and β-glucosidase activity in E. vaginatum and V. uliginosum litter. However, only in V. uliginosum litter was polyphenol oxidase activity significantly enhanced. Our results showed that initial litter quality and polyphenol oxidase activity influence the response of plant litter to N additions in peatland ecosystems. Increased N availability may change peatland soil N and P cycling by enhancing N and P immobilization during litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Jiusheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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6
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Discriminating between Seasonal and Chemical Variation in Extracellular Enzyme Activities within Two Italian Beech Forests by Means of Multilevel Models. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Keiblinger KM, Schneider M, Gorfer M, Paumann M, Deltedesco E, Berger H, Jöchlinger L, Mentler A, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Soja G, Zehetner F. Assessment of Cu applications in two contrasting soils-effects on soil microbial activity and the fungal community structure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:217-233. [PMID: 29297133 PMCID: PMC5847031 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-based fungicides have been used in viticulture to prevent downy mildew since the end of the 19th century, and are still used today to reduce fungal diseases. Consequently, Cu has built up in many vineyard soils, and it is still unclear how this affects soil functioning. The present study aimed to assess the short and medium-term effects of Cu contamination on the soil fungal community. Two contrasting agricultural soils, an acidic sandy loam and an alkaline silt loam, were used for an eco-toxicological greenhouse pot experiment. The soils were spiked with a Cu-based fungicide in seven concentrations (0-5000 mg Cu kg-1 soil) and alfalfa was grown in the pots for 3 months. Sampling was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the study period to test Cu toxicity effects on total microbial biomass, basal respiration and enzyme activities. Fungal abundance was analysed by ergosterol at both samplings, and for the second sampling, fungal community structure was evaluated via ITS amplicon sequences. Soil microbial biomass C as well as microbial respiration rate decreased with increasing Cu concentrations, with EC50 ranging from 76 to 187 mg EDTA-extractable Cu kg-1 soil. Oxidative enzymes showed a trend of increasing activity at the first sampling, but a decline in peroxidase activity was observed for the second sampling. We found remarkable Cu-induced changes in fungal community abundance (EC50 ranging from 9.2 to 94 mg EDTA-extractable Cu kg-1 soil) and composition, but not in diversity. A large number of diverse fungi were able to thrive under elevated Cu concentrations, though within the order of Hypocreales several species declined. A remarkable Cu-induced change in the community composition was found, which depended on the soil properties and, hence, on Cu availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Keiblinger
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Schneider
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Business Unit Environmental Resources & Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Business Unit Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Paumann
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evi Deltedesco
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Business Unit Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Jöchlinger
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard Soja
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Business Unit Environmental Resources & Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Manzoni S. Flexible Carbon-Use Efficiency across Litter Types and during Decomposition Partly Compensates Nutrient Imbalances-Results from Analytical Stoichiometric Models. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28491054 PMCID: PMC5405148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models involving explicit representations of microbial processes have been developed to infer microbial community properties from laboratory and field measurements. While this approach has been used to estimate the kinetic constants related to microbial activity, it has not been fully exploited for inference of stoichiometric traits, such as carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Here, a hierarchy of analytically-solvable mass-balance models of litter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics is developed, to infer decomposer CUE from measured C and N contents during litter decomposition. The models are solved in the phase space—expressing litter remaining N as a function of remaining C—rather than in time, thus focusing on the stoichiometric relations during decomposition rather than the kinetics of degradation. This approach leads to explicit formulas that depend on CUE and other microbial properties, which can then be treated as model parameters and retrieved via nonlinear regression. CUE is either assumed time-invariant or as a function of the fraction of remaining litter C as a substitute for time. In all models, CUE tends to increase with increasing litter N availability across a range of litter types. When temporal trends in CUE are considered, CUE increases during decomposition of N-poor litter cohorts, in which decomposers are initially N-limited, but decreases in N-rich litter possibly due to C-limitation. These patterns of flexible CUE that partly compensate stoichiometric imbalances are robust to moderate shifts in decomposer C:N ratio and hold across wide climatic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
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9
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McLaren JR, Buckeridge KM, Weg MJ, Shaver GR, Schimel JP, Gough L. Shrub encroachment in Arctic tundra:
Betula nana
effects on above‐ and belowground litter decomposition. Ecology 2017; 98:1361-1376. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie R. McLaren
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | | | - Martine J. Weg
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA
| | - Gaius R. Shaver
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA
| | - Joshua P. Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Laura Gough
- Department of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson Maryland 21252 USA
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10
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Cha S, Chae HM, Lee SH, Shim JK. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on growth and leaf litter decomposition of Quercus acutissima and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171197. [PMID: 28182638 PMCID: PMC5300125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level is expected to increase substantially, which may change the global climate and carbon dynamics in ecosystems. We examined the effects of an elevated atmospheric CO2 level on the growth of Quercus acutissima and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedlings. We investigated changes in the chemical composition of leaf litter, as well as litter decomposition. Q. acutissima and F. rhynchophylla did not show differences in dry weight between ambient CO2 and enriched CO2 treatments, but they exhibited different patterns of carbon allocation, namely, lower shoot/root ratio (S/R) and decreased specific leaf area (SLA) under CO2-enriched conditions. The elevated CO2 concentration significantly reduced the nitrogen concentration in leaf litter while increasing lignin concentrations and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) and lignin/N ratios. The microbial biomass associated with decomposing Q. acutissima leaf litter was suppressed in CO2 enrichment chambers, while that of F. rhynchophylla was not. The leaf litter of Q. acutissima from the CO2-enriched chambers, in contrast with F. rhynchophylla, contained much lower nutrient concentrations than that of the litter in the ambient air chambers. Consequently, poorer litter quality suppressed decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsub Cha
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Chae
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kuk Shim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Fabian J, Zlatanovic S, Mutz M, Premke K. Fungal-bacterial dynamics and their contribution to terrigenous carbon turnover in relation to organic matter quality. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:415-425. [PMID: 27983721 PMCID: PMC5270572 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological functions of fungal and bacterial decomposers vary with environmental conditions. However, the response of these decomposers to particulate organic matter (POM) quality, which varies widely in aquatic ecosystems, remains poorly understood. Here we investigated how POM pools of substrates of different qualities determine the relative contributions of aquatic fungi and bacteria to terrigenous carbon (C) turnover. To this end, surface sediments were incubated with different POM pools of algae and/or leaf litter. 13C stable-isotope measurements of C mineralization were combined with phospholipid analysis to link the metabolic activities and substrate preferences of fungal and bacterial heterotrophs to dynamics in their abundance. We found that the presence of labile POM greatly affected the dominance of bacteria over fungi within the degrader communities and stimulated the decomposition of beech litter primarily through an increase in metabolic activity. Our data indicated that fungi primarily contribute to terrigenous C turnover by providing litter C for the microbial loop, whereas bacteria determine whether the supplied C substrate is assimilated into biomass or recycled back into the atmosphere in relation to phosphate availability. Thus, this study provides a better understanding of the role of fungi and bacteria in terrestrial-aquatic C cycling in relation to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fabian
- Department Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanja Zlatanovic
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Department Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Wang J, Du X, Zhang Y, Li T, Liao X. Effect of Substrate on Identification of Microbial Communities in Poultry Carcass Composting and Microorganisms Associated with Poultry Carcass Decomposition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6838-6847. [PMID: 27548371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three composting systems, which consisted of different ratios of chicken manure, sawdust, and poultry carcasses, were used to investigate the effect of substrate on the identification of microbial communities and microorganisms associated with poultry carcass decomposition by characterizing the microbial communities and physicochemical parameters. The physicochemical and Miseq Illumina sequencing results showed the composition of substrate had a significant effect on the identification and metabolic capabilities of microbial communities in decomposting process. Poultry carcasses might be the potential driver for the identification of bacterial communities in poultry carcass composting, whereas the initial C/N ratio may mainly contribute to the diversity of fungal communities and the similar dominant microbial communities in treatments. Poultry carcasses and initial C/N ratio could respectively affect the composition and abundance of microorganisms associated with the decomposition of poultry carcasses. Understanding the potential composting driver could allow development of an efficient carcass degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Du
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Brandstätter C, Laner D, Fellner J. Nitrogen pools and flows during lab-scale degradation of old landfilled waste under different oxygen and water regimes. Biodegradation 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brandstätter C, Laner D, Fellner J. Carbon pools and flows during lab-scale degradation of old landfilled waste under different oxygen and water regimes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 40:100-111. [PMID: 25816770 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Landfill aeration has been proven to accelerate the degradation of organic matter in landfills in comparison to anaerobic decomposition. The present study aims to evaluate pools of organic matter decomposing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using landfill simulation reactors (LSR) filled with 40 year old waste from a former MSW landfill. The LSR were operated for 27 months, whereby the waste in one pair was kept under anaerobic conditions and the four other LSRs were aerated. Two of the aerated LSR were run with leachate recirculation and water addition and two without. The organic carbon in the solid waste was characterized at the beginning and at the end of the experiments and major carbon flows (e.g. TOC in leachate, gaseous CO2 and CH4) were monitored during operation. After the termination of the experiments, the waste from the anaerobic LSRs exhibited a long-term gas production potential of more than 20 NL kg(-1) dry waste, which corresponded to the mineralization of around 12% of the initial TOC (67 g kg(-1) dry waste). Compared to that, aeration led to threefold decrease in TOC (32-36% of the initial TOC were mineralized), without apparent differences in carbon discharge between the aerobic set ups with and without water addition. Based on the investigation of the carbon pools it could be demonstrated that a bit more than 10% of the initially present organic carbon was transformed into more recalcitrant forms, presumably due to the formation of humic substances. The source of anaerobic degradation could be identified mainly as cellulose which played a minor role during aerobic degradation in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandstätter
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Laner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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