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Canonico M, Konert G, Crepin A, Šedivá B, Kaňa R. Gradual Response of Cyanobacterial Thylakoids to Acute High-Light Stress-Importance of Carotenoid Accumulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081916. [PMID: 34440685 PMCID: PMC8393233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, its excess can cause damage to cellular components. Photosynthetic organisms thus developed a set of photoprotective mechanisms (e.g., non-photochemical quenching, photoinhibition) that can be studied by a classic biochemical and biophysical methods in cell suspension. Here, we combined these bulk methods with single-cell identification of microdomains in thylakoid membrane during high-light (HL) stress. We used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with YFP tagged photosystem I. The single-cell data pointed to a three-phase response of cells to acute HL stress. We defined: (1) fast response phase (0–30 min), (2) intermediate phase (30–120 min), and (3) slow acclimation phase (120–360 min). During the first phase, cyanobacterial cells activated photoprotective mechanisms such as photoinhibition and non-photochemical quenching. Later on (during the second phase), we temporarily observed functional decoupling of phycobilisomes and sustained monomerization of photosystem II dimer. Simultaneously, cells also initiated accumulation of carotenoids, especially ɣ–carotene, the main precursor of all carotenoids. In the last phase, in addition to ɣ-carotene, we also observed accumulation of myxoxanthophyll and more even spatial distribution of photosystems and phycobilisomes between microdomains. We suggest that the overall carotenoid increase during HL stress could be involved either in the direct photoprotection (e.g., in ROS scavenging) and/or could play an additional role in maintaining optimal distribution of photosystems in thylakoid membrane to attain efficient photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Canonico
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Konert
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Aurélie Crepin
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Barbora Šedivá
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Carusela MF, Miguel Rubi J. Computational Model for Membrane Transporters. Potential Implications for Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642665. [PMID: 33693005 PMCID: PMC7937797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To explain the increased transport of nutrients and metabolites and to control the movement of drug molecules through the transporters to the cancer cells, it is important to understand the exact mechanism of their structure and activity, as well as their biological and physical characteristics. We propose a computational model that reproduces the functionality of membrane transporters by quantifying the flow of substrates through the cell membrane. The model identifies the force induced by conformational changes of the transporter due to hydrolysis of ATP, in ABC transporters, or by an electrochemical gradient of ions, in secondary transporters. The transport rate is computed by averaging the velocity generated by the force along the paths followed by the substrates. The results obtained are in accordance with the experiments. The model provides an overall framework for analyzing the membrane transport proteins that regulate the flows of ions, nutrients and other molecules across the cell membranes, and their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Carusela
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J. Miguel Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kaňa R, Steinbach G, Sobotka R, Vámosi G, Komenda J. Fast Diffusion of the Unassembled PetC1-GFP Protein in the Cyanobacterial Thylakoid Membrane. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010015. [PMID: 33383642 PMCID: PMC7823997 DOI: 10.3390/life11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes were originally described as a fluid mosaic with uniform distribution of proteins and lipids. Later, heterogeneous membrane areas were found in many membrane systems including cyanobacterial thylakoids. In fact, cyanobacterial pigment-protein complexes (photosystems, phycobilisomes) form a heterogeneous mosaic of thylakoid membrane microdomains (MDs) restricting protein mobility. The trafficking of membrane proteins is one of the key factors for long-term survival under stress conditions, for instance during exposure to photoinhibitory light conditions. However, the mobility of unbound 'free' proteins in thylakoid membrane is poorly characterized. In this work, we assessed the maximal diffusional ability of a small, unbound thylakoid membrane protein by semi-single molecule FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) method in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. We utilized a GFP-tagged variant of the cytochrome b6f subunit PetC1 (PetC1-GFP), which was not assembled in the b6f complex due to the presence of the tag. Subsequent FCS measurements have identified a very fast diffusion of the PetC1-GFP protein in the thylakoid membrane (D = 0.14 - 2.95 µm2s-1). This means that the mobility of PetC1-GFP was comparable with that of free lipids and was 50-500 times higher in comparison to the mobility of proteins (e.g., IsiA, LHCII-light-harvesting complexes of PSII) naturally associated with larger thylakoid membrane complexes like photosystems. Our results thus demonstrate the ability of free thylakoid-membrane proteins to move very fast, revealing the crucial role of protein-protein interactions in the mobility restrictions for large thylakoid protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Center ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Center ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Josef Komenda
- Center ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (J.K.)
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Li M, Mukhopadhyay R, Svoboda V, Oung HMO, Mullendore DL, Kirchhoff H. Measuring the dynamic response of the thylakoid architecture in plant leaves by electron microscopy. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00280. [PMID: 33195966 PMCID: PMC7644818 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The performance of the photosynthesis machinery in plants, including light harvesting, electron transport, and protein repair, is controlled by structural changes in the thylakoid membrane system inside the chloroplasts. In particular, the structure of the stacked grana area of thylakoid membranes is highly dynamic, changing in response to different environmental cues such as light intensity. For example, the aqueous thylakoid lumen enclosed by thylakoid membranes in grana has been documented to swell in the presence of light. However, light-induced alteration of the stromal gap in the stacked grana (partition gap) and of the unstacked stroma lamellae has not been well characterized. Light-induced changes in the entire thylakoid membrane system, including the lumen in both stacked and unstacked domains as well as the partition gap, are presented here, and the functional implications are discussed. This structural analysis was made possible by development of a robust semi-automated image analysis method combined with optimized plant tissue fixation techniques for transmission electron microscopy generating quantitative structural results for the analysis of thylakoid ultrastructure. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A methodical pipeline ranging from optimized leaf tissue preparation for electron microscopy to quantitative image analysis was established. This methodical development was employed to study details of light-induced changes in the plant thylakoid ultrastructure. It was found that the lumen of the entire thylakoid system (stacked and unstacked domains) undergoes light-induced swelling, whereas adjacent membranes on the stroma side in stacked grana thylakoid approach each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
- Present address:
School of OceanographyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Roma Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Václav Svoboda
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | | | | | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
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Canonico M, Konert G, Kaňa R. Plasticity of Cyanobacterial Thylakoid Microdomains Under Variable Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:586543. [PMID: 33304364 PMCID: PMC7693714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light reactions proceed in thylakoid membranes (TMs) due to the activity of pigment-protein complexes. These complexes are heterogeneously organized into granal/stromal thylakoids (in plants) or into recently identified cyanobacterial microdomains (MDs). MDs are characterized by specific ratios of photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), and phycobilisomes (PBS) and they are visible as sub-micrometer sized areas with different fluorescence ratios. In this report, the process of long-term plasticity in cyanobacterial thylakoid MDs has been explored under variable growth light conditions using Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 expressing YFP tagged PSI. TM organization into MDs has been observed for all categorized shapes of cells independently of their stage in cell cycle. The heterogeneous PSI, PSII, and PBS thylakoid areas were also identified under two types of growth conditions: at continuous light (CL) and at light-dark (L-D) cycle. The acclimation from CL to L-D cycle changed spatial distribution of photosystems, in particular PSI became more evenly distributed in thylakoids under L-D cycle. The process of the spatial PSI (and partially also PSII) redistribution required 1 week and was accompanied by temporal appearance of PBS decoupling probably caused by the re-organization of photosystems. The overall acclimation we observed was defined as TM plasticity as it resembles higher plants grana/stroma reorganization at variable growth light conditions. In addition, we observed large cell to cell variability in the actual MDs organization. It leads us to suggest that the plasticity, and cell to cell variability in MDs could be a manifestation of phenotypic heterogeneity, a recently broadly discussed phenomenon for prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Canonico
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Grzegorz Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Radek Kaňa, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-5768-6902
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Kirilovsky D. Modulating Energy Transfer from Phycobilisomes to Photosystems: State Transitions and OCP-Related Non-Photochemical Quenching. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Strašková A, Steinbach G, Konert G, Kotabová E, Komenda J, Tichý M, Kaňa R. Pigment-protein complexes are organized into stable microdomains in cyanobacterial thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148053. [PMID: 31344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the place of the light-photosynthetic reactions. To gain maximal efficiency, these reactions are conditional to proper pigment-pigment and protein-protein interactions. In higher plants thylakoids, the interactions lead to a lateral asymmetry in localization of protein complexes (i.e. granal/stromal thylakoids) that have been defined as a domain-like structures characteristic by different biochemical composition and function (Albertsson P-Å. 2001,Trends Plant Science 6: 349-354). We explored this complex organization of thylakoid pigment-proteins at single cell level in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our 3D confocal images captured heterogeneous distribution of all main photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs), Photosystem I (fluorescently tagged by YFP), Photosystem II and Phycobilisomes. The acquired images depicted cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane as a stable, mosaic-like structure formed by microdomains (MDs). These microcompartments are of sub-micrometer in sizes (~0.5-1.5 μm), typical by particular PPCs ratios and importantly without full segregation of observed complexes. The most prevailing MD is represented by MD with high Photosystem I content which allows also partial separation of Photosystems like in higher plants thylakoids. We assume that MDs stability (in minutes) provides optimal conditions for efficient excitation/electron transfer. The cyanobacterial MDs thus define thylakoid membrane organization as a system controlled by co-localization of three main PPCs leading to formation of thylakoid membrane mosaic. This organization might represent evolutional and functional precursor for the granal/stromal spatial heterogeneity in photosystems that is typical for higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strašková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - E Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - R Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Konert G, Steinbach G, Canonico M, Kaňa R. Protein arrangement factor: a new photosynthetic parameter characterizing the organization of thylakoid membrane proteins. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:264-277. [PMID: 30817002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A proper spatial distribution of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes - PPCs (photosystems, light-harvesting antennas) is crucial for photosynthesis. In plants, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are heterogeneously distributed between granal and stromal thylakoids. Here we have described similar heterogeneity in the PSI, PSII and phycobilisomes (PBSs) distribution in cyanobacteria thylakoids into microdomains by applying a new image processing method suitable for the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 strain with yellow fluorescent protein-tagged PSI. The new image processing method is able to analyze the fluorescence ratios of PPCs on a single-cell level, pixel per pixel. Each cell pixel is plotted in CIE1931 color space by forming a pixel-color distribution of the cell. The most common position in CIE1931 is then defined as protein arrangement (PA) factor with xy coordinates. The PA-factor represents the most abundant fluorescence ratio of PSI/PSII/PBS, the 'mode color' of studied cell. We proved that a shift of the PA-factor from the center of the cell-pixel distribution (the 'median' cell color) is an indicator of the presence of special subcellular microdomain(s) with a unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence ratio in comparison to other parts of the cell. Furthermore, during a 6-h high-light (HL) treatment, 'median' and 'mode' color (PA-factor) of the cell changed similarly on the population level, indicating that such microdomains with unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence were not formed during HL (i.e. fluorescence changed equally in the whole cell). However, the PA-factor was very sensitive in characterizing the fluorescence ratios of PSI/PSII/PBS in cyanobacterial cells during HL by depicting a 4-phase acclimation to HL, and their physiological interpretation has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gabor Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Canonico
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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9
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Santamarï A-Gï Mez J, Mariscal V, Luque I. Mechanisms for Protein Redistribution in Thylakoids of Anabaena During Cell Differentiation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1860-1873. [PMID: 29878163 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes are far from being homogeneous in composition. On the contrary, compositional heterogeneity of lipid and protein content is well known to exist in these membranes. The mechanisms for the confinement of proteins at a particular membrane domain have started to be unveiled, but we are far from a thorough understanding, and many issues remain to be elucidated. During the differentiation of heterocysts in filamentous cyanobacteria of the Anabaena and Nostoc genera, thylakoids undergo a complete reorganization, separating into two membrane domains of different appearance and subcellular localization. Evidence also indicates different functionality and protein composition for these two membrane domains. In this work, we have addressed the mechanisms that govern the specific localization of proteins at a particular membrane domain. Two classes of proteins were distinguished according to their distribution in the thylakoids. Our results indicate that the specific accumulation of proteins of the CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1 (CURT1) family and proteins containing the homologous CAAD domain at subpolar honeycomb thylakoids is mediated by multiple mechanisms including a previously unnoticed phenomenon of thylakoid membrane migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santamarï A-Gï Mez
- Instituto de Bioqu�mica Vegetal y Fotos�ntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Am�rico Vespucio 49, Seville E-41092, Spain
| | - Vicente Mariscal
- Instituto de Bioqu�mica Vegetal y Fotos�ntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Am�rico Vespucio 49, Seville E-41092, Spain
| | - Ignacio Luque
- Instituto de Bioqu�mica Vegetal y Fotos�ntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Am�rico Vespucio 49, Seville E-41092, Spain
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10
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Özdemir B, Asgharzadeh P, Birkhold AI, Mueller SJ, Röhrle O, Reski R. Cytological analysis and structural quantification of FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1 network characteristics in Physcomitrella patens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11165. [PMID: 30042487 PMCID: PMC6057934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of the cytoskeleton as a cell-shape-determining scaffold is well established, it remains enigmatic how eukaryotic organelles adopt and maintain a specific morphology. The Filamentous Temperature Sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein family, an ancient tubulin, generates complex polymer networks, with striking similarity to the cytoskeleton, in the chloroplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Certain members of this protein family are essential for structural integrity and shaping of chloroplasts, while others are not, illustrating the functional diversity within the FtsZ protein family. Here, we apply a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a self-developed semi-automatic computational image analysis method for the quantitative characterisation and comparison of network morphologies and connectivity features for two selected, functionally dissimilar FtsZ isoforms, FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1. We show that FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1 networks are significantly different for 8 out of 25 structural descriptors. Therefore, our results demonstrate that different FtsZ isoforms are capable of generating polymer networks with distinctive morphological and connectivity features which might be linked to the functional differences between the two isoforms. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ computational algorithms in the quantitative comparison of different classes of protein networks in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugra Özdemir
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pouyan Asgharzadeh
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annette I Birkhold
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Mueller
- INRES - Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SimTech), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Research, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Thurotte A, Brüser T, Mascher T, Schneider D. Membrane chaperoning by members of the PspA/IM30 protein family. Commun Integr Biol 2017. [PMCID: PMC5333519 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1264546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PspA, IM30 (Vipp1) and LiaH, which all belong to the PspA/IM30 protein family, form high molecular weight oligomeric structures. For all proteins membrane binding and protection of the membrane structure and integrity has been shown or postulated. Here we discuss the possible membrane chaperoning activity of PspA, IM30 and LiaH and propose that larger oligomeric structures bind to stressed membrane regions, followed by oligomer disassembly and membrane stabilization by protein monomers or smaller/different oligomeric scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Thurotte
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Kaňa R, Govindjee. Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1849. [PMID: 28018387 PMCID: PMC5160696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the thylakoids is one of the major key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoid membrane is negatively charged and influences both the structure and the function of the primarily photosynthetic reactions through its electrical double layer (EDL). Further, there is a heterogeneous organization of soluble ions (K+, Mg2+, Cl-) attached to the thylakoid membrane that, together with fixed charges (negatively charged amino acids, lipids), provides an electrical field. The EDL is affected by the valence of the ions and interferes with the regulation of "state transitions," protein interactions, and excitation energy "spillover" from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. These effects are reflected in changes in the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence, which is also a measure of photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a. A triggering of NPQ proceeds via lumen acidification that is coupled to the export of positive counter-ions (Mg2+, K+) to the stroma or/and negative ions (e.g., Cl-) into the lumen. The effect of protons and anions in the lumen and of the cations (Mg2+, K+) in the stroma are, thus, functionally tightly interconnected. In this review, we discuss the consequences of the model of EDL, proposed by Barber (1980b) Biochim Biophys Acta 594:253-308) in light of light-harvesting regulation. Further, we explain differences between electrostatic screening and neutralization, and we emphasize the opposite effect of monovalent (K+) and divalent (Mg2+) ions on light-harvesting and on "screening" of the negative charges on the thylakoid membrane; this effect needs to be incorporated in all future models of photosynthetic regulation by ion channels and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the CzechiaTřeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Govindjee
- Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
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Steinbach G, Schubert F, Kaňa R. Cryo-imaging of photosystems and phycobilisomes in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:395-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Kirilovsky D. Modulating energy arriving at photochemical reaction centers: orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotection and state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:3-17. [PMID: 25139327 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms tightly regulate the energy arriving to the reaction centers in order to avoid photodamage or imbalance between the photosystems. To this purpose, cyanobacteria have developed mechanisms involving relatively rapid (seconds to minutes) changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. In this review, two of these processes will be described: orange carotenoid protein(OCP)-related photoprotection and state transitions which optimize energy distribution between the two photosystems. The photoactive OCP is a light intensity sensor and an energy dissipater. Photoactivation depends on light intensity and only the red-active OCP form, by interacting with phycobilisome cores, increases thermal energy dissipation at the level of the antenna. A second protein, the "fluorescence recovery protein", is needed to recover full antenna capacity under low light conditions. This protein accelerates OCP conversion to the inactive orange form and plays a role in dislodging the red OCP protein from the phycobilisome. The mechanism of state transitions is still controversial. Changes in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool induce movement of phycobilisomes and/or photosystems leading to redistribution of energy absorbed by phycobilisomes between PSII and PSI and/or to changes in excitation energy spillover between photosystems. The different steps going from the induction of redox changes to movement of phycobilisomes or photosystems remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), SB2SM, Bat 532, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8221, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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15
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Vladkova R. Chlorophyllais the crucial redox sensor and transmembrane signal transmitter in the cytochromeb6fcomplex. Components and mechanisms of state transitions from the hydrophobic mismatch viewpoint. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:824-54. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1056551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Stirbet A, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB, Govindjee. Modeling chlorophyll a fluorescence transient: relation to photosynthesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:291-323. [PMID: 24910205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To honor Academician Alexander Abramovitch Krasnovsky, we present here an educational review on the relation of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient to various processes in photosynthesis. The initial event in oxygenic photosynthesis is light absorption by chlorophylls (Chls), carotenoids, and, in some cases, phycobilins; these pigments form the antenna. Most of the energy is transferred to reaction centers where it is used for charge separation. The small part of energy that is not used in photochemistry is dissipated as heat or re-emitted as fluorescence. When a photosynthetic sample is transferred from dark to light, Chl a fluorescence (ChlF) intensity shows characteristic changes in time called fluorescence transient, the OJIPSMT transient, where O (the origin) is for the first measured minimum fluorescence level; J and I for intermediate inflections; P for peak; S for semi-steady state level; M for maximum; and T for terminal steady state level. This transient is a real signature of photosynthesis, since diverse events can be related to it, such as: changes in redox states of components of the linear electron transport flow, involvement of alternative electron routes, the build-up of a transmembrane pH gradient and membrane potential, activation of different nonphotochemical quenching processes, activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle, and other processes. In this review, we present our views on how different segments of the OJIPSMT transient are influenced by various photosynthetic processes, and discuss a number of studies involving mathematical modeling and simulation of the ChlF transient. A special emphasis is given to the slower PSMT phase, for which many studies have been recently published, but they are less known than on the faster OJIP phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stirbet
- 204 Anne Burras Lane, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
| | | | | | - Govindjee
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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17
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Singh NK, Sonani RR, Rastogi RP, Madamwar D. The phycobilisomes: an early requisite for efficient photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:268-89. [PMID: 26417362 PMCID: PMC4553884 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria trap light energy by arrays of pigment molecules termed “phycobilisomes (PBSs)”, organized proximal to "reaction centers" at which chlorophyll perform the energy transduction steps with highest quantum efficiency. PBSs, composed of sequential assembly of various chromophorylated phycobiliproteins (PBPs), as well as nonchromophoric, basic and hydrophobic polypeptides called linkers. Atomic resolution structure of PBP is a heterodimer of two structurally related polypeptides but distinct specialised polypeptides- a and ß, made up of seven alpha-helices each which played a crucial step in evolution of PBPs. PBPs carry out various light dependent responses such as complementary chromatic adaptation. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent progress in this field and to highlight the new and the questions that remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Shri A. N. Patel PG Institute (M. B. Patel Science College Campus), Anand, Sardargunj, Anand - 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Raghav Sonani
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Prasad Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India
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18
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Dynamics of mitochondrial RNA-binding protein complex in Trypanosoma brucei and its petite mutant under optimized immobilization conditions. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 13:1232-40. [PMID: 25063375 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00149-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of complex metabolic processes ongoing simultaneously in the single, large mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei. Understanding the organellar environment and dynamics of mitochondrial proteins requires quantitative measurement in vivo. In this study, we have validated a method for immobilizing both procyclic stage (PS) and bloodstream stage (BS) T. brucei brucei with a high level of cell viability over several hours and verified its suitability for undertaking fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), with mitochondrion-targeted yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Next, we used this method for comparative analysis of the translational diffusion of mitochondrial RNA-binding protein 1 (MRP1) in the BS and in T. b. evansi. The latter flagellate is like petite mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae because it lacks organelle-encoded nucleic acids. FRAP measurement of YFP-tagged MRP1 in both cell lines illuminated from a new perspective how the absence or presence of RNA affects proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. This work represents the first attempt to examine this process in live trypanosomes.
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19
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Computer modeling of electron and proton transport in chloroplasts. Biosystems 2014; 121:1-21. [PMID: 24835748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes in biosphere, which provides production of organic substances from atmospheric CO2 and water at expense of solar energy. In this review, we contemplate computer models of oxygenic photosynthesis in the context of feedback regulation of photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts, the energy-transducing organelles of the plant cell. We start with a brief overview of electron and proton transport processes in chloroplasts coupled to ATP synthesis and consider basic regulatory mechanisms of oxygenic photosynthesis. General approaches to computer simulation of photosynthetic processes are considered, including the random walk models of plastoquinone diffusion in thylakoid membranes and deterministic approach to modeling electron transport in chloroplasts based on the mass action law. Then we focus on a kinetic model of oxygenic photosynthesis that includes key stages of the linear electron transport, alternative pathways of electron transfer around photosystem I (PSI), transmembrane proton transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. This model includes different regulatory processes: pH-dependent control of the intersystem electron transport, down-regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activity (non-photochemical quenching), the light-induced activation of the Bassham-Benson-Calvin (BBC) cycle. The model correctly describes pH-dependent feedback control of electron transport in chloroplasts and adequately reproduces a variety of experimental data on induction events observed under different experimental conditions in intact chloroplasts (variations of CO2 and O2 concentrations in atmosphere), including a complex kinetics of P700 (primary electron donor in PSI) photooxidation, CO2 consumption in the BBC cycle, and photorespiration. Finally, we describe diffusion-controlled photosynthetic processes in chloroplasts within the framework of the model that takes into account complex architecture of chloroplasts and lateral heterogeneity of lamellar system of thylakoids. The lateral profiles of pH in the thylakoid lumen and in the narrow gap between grana thylakoids have been calculated under different metabolic conditions. Analyzing topological aspects of diffusion-controlled stages of electron and proton transport in chloroplasts, we conclude that along with the NPQ mechanism of attenuation of PSII activity and deceleration of PQH2 oxidation by the cytochrome b6f complex caused by the lumen acidification, the intersystem electron transport may be down-regulated due to the light-induced alkalization of the narrow partition between adjacent thylakoids of grana. The computer models of electron and proton transport described in this article may be integrated as appropriate modules into a comprehensive model of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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David L, Prado M, Arteni AA, Elmlund DA, Blankenship RE, Adir N. Structural studies show energy transfer within stabilized phycobilisomes independent of the mode of rod-core assembly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:385-95. [PMID: 24407142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The major light harvesting complex in cyanobacteria and red algae is the phycobilisome (PBS), comprised of hundreds of seemingly similar chromophores, which are protein bound and assembled in a fashion that enables highly efficient uni-directional energy transfer to reaction centers. The PBS is comprised of a core containing 2-5 cylinders surrounded by 6-8 rods, and a number of models have been proposed describing the PBS structure. One of the most critical steps in the functionality of the PBS is energy transfer from the rod substructures to the core substructure. In this study we compare the structural and functional characteristics of high-phosphate stabilized PBS (the standard fashion of stabilization of isolated complexes) with cross-linked PBS in low ionic strength buffer from two cyanobacterial species, Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and Acaryochloris marina. We show that chemical cross-linking preserves efficient energy transfer from the phycocyanin containing rods to the allophycocyanin containing cores with fluorescent emission from the terminal emitters. However, this energy transfer is shown to exist in PBS complexes of different structures as characterized by determination of a 2.4Å structure by X-ray crystallography, single crystal confocal microscopy, mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained and cryogenically preserved complexes. We conclude that the PBS has intrinsic structural properties that enable efficient energy transfer from rod substructures to the core substructures without requiring a single unique structure. We discuss the significance of our observations on the functionality of the PBS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron David
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mindy Prado
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ana A Arteni
- IMPMC-UMR7590, CNRS-Université Pierre & Marie Curie-IRD, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominika A Elmlund
- Stanford University Medical School, Dept. of Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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