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Douchi D, Si Larbi G, Fel B, Bonnanfant M, Louwagie M, Jouhet J, Agnely M, Pouget S, Maréchal E. Dryland Endolithic Chroococcidiopsis and Temperate Fresh Water Synechocystis Have Distinct Membrane Lipid and Photosynthesis Acclimation Strategies upon Desiccation and Temperature Increase. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:939-957. [PMID: 37944070 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An effect of climate change is the expansion of drylands in temperate regions, predicted to affect microbial biodiversity. Since photosynthetic organisms are at the base of ecosystem's trophic networks, we compared an endolithic desiccation-tolerant Chroococcidiopsis cyanobacteria isolated from gypsum rocks in the Atacama Desert with a freshwater desiccation-sensitive Synechocystis. We sought whether some acclimation traits in response to desiccation and temperature variations were shared, to evaluate the potential of temperate species to possibly become resilient to future arid conditions. When temperature varies, Synechocystis tunes the acyl composition of its lipids, via a homeoviscous acclimation mechanism known to adjust membrane fluidity, whereas no such change occurs in Chroococcidiopsis. Vice versa, a combined study of photosynthesis and pigment content shows that Chroococcidiopsis remodels its photosynthesis components and keeps an optimal photosynthetic capacity at all temperatures, whereas Synechocystis is unable to such adjustment. Upon desiccation on a gypsum surface, Synechocystis is rapidly unable to revive, whereas Chroococcidiopsis is capable to recover after three weeks. Using X-ray diffraction, we found no evidence that Chroococcidiopsis could use water extracted from gypsum crystals in such conditions as a surrogate for missing water. The sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol becomes the prominent membrane lipid in both dehydrated cyanobacteria, highlighting an overlooked function for this lipid. Chroococcidiopsis keeps a minimal level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, which may be essential for the recovery process. Results support that two independent adaptation strategies have evolved in these species to cope with temperature and desiccation increase and suggest some possible scenarios for microbial biodiversity change triggered by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Douchi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gregory Si Larbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Benjamin Fel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Marlène Bonnanfant
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mathilde Louwagie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mathias Agnely
- Saint Gobain Research Paris, SAINT-GOBAIN, 39 quai Lucien Lefranc, Aubervilliers Cedex 93303, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, IRIG; CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
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Liang H, Chen H, Liu X, Wang Z, Li P, Lu S. Heterologous Production in the Synechocystis Chassis Suggests the Biosynthetic Pathway of Astaxanthin in Cyanobacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1826. [PMID: 37891905 PMCID: PMC10604110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid species with the highest antioxidant capability. Its natural resource is very rare. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin from β-carotene includes a hydroxylation step and a ketolation step, for which the corresponding enzymes have been characterized in a few species. However, the sequence of these two reactions is unclear, and may vary with different organisms. In this study, we aimed to elucidate this sequence in Synechocystis, which is an ideal cyanobacterial synthetic biology chassis. We first silenced the endogenous carotene oxygenase gene SyneCrtO to avoid its possible interference in the carotenoid metabolic network. We then introduced the β-carotene ketolase gene from Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBKT) and the CrtZ-type carotene β-hydroxylase gene from Pantoea agglomerans (PaCrtZ) to this δCrtO strain. Our pigment analysis demonstrated that both the endogenous CrtR-type carotene hydroxylase SyneCrtR and HpBKT have the preference to use β-carotene as their substrate for hydroxylation and ketolation reactions to produce zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, respectively. However, the endogenous SyneCrtR is not able to further catalyze the 3,3'-hydroxylation of canthaxanthin to generate astaxanthin. From our results, a higher accumulation of canthaxanthin and a much lower level of astaxanthin, as confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, were detected in our transgenic BKT+/CrtZ+/δCrtO cells. Therefore, we proposed that the bottleneck for the heterologous production of astaxanthin in Synechocystis might exist at the hydroxylation step, which requires a comprehensive screening or genetic engineering for the corresponding carotene hydroxylase to enable the industrial production of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Jackson PJ, Hitchcock A, Brindley AA, Dickman MJ, Hunter CN. Absolute quantification of cellular levels of photosynthesis-related proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:219-245. [PMID: 36542271 PMCID: PMC9958174 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cellular components is a basic and important step for understanding how a cell works, how it responds to environmental changes, and for re-engineering cells to produce valuable metabolites and increased biomass. We quantified proteins in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 given the general importance of cyanobacteria for global photosynthesis, for synthetic biology and biotechnology research, and their ancestral relationship to the chloroplasts of plants. Four mass spectrometry methods were used to quantify cellular components involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid and bilin pigments, membrane assembly, the light reactions of photosynthesis, fixation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hydrogen and sulfur metabolism. Components of biosynthetic pathways, such as those for chlorophyll or for photosystem II assembly, range between 1000 and 10,000 copies per cell, but can be tenfold higher for CO2 fixation enzymes. The most abundant subunits are those for photosystem I, with around 100,000 copies per cell, approximately 2 to fivefold higher than for photosystem II and ATP synthase, and 5-20 fold more than for the cytochrome b6f complex. Disparities between numbers of pathway enzymes, between components of electron transfer chains, and between subunits within complexes indicate possible control points for biosynthetic processes, bioenergetic reactions and for the assembly of multisubunit complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Amanda A Brindley
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Sha'aba RI, Chia MA, Gana YA, Alhassan AB, Gadzama IMK. The growth, biochemical composition, and antioxidant response of Microcystis and Chlorella are influenced by Ibuprofen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13118-13131. [PMID: 36123556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (IBU) are extensively used, causing substantial amounts to end up in aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, little research has been done on how these medications influence the physiology of phytoplankton. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological and physiological effects of IBU on the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 and Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198, and the chlorophyte Chlorella sorokiniana. Exponential growth phase cultures were exposed to IBU at 10 to 10,000 μg/L for 96 h. The medium effect concentrations revealed varied sensitivity to IBU in the order Chlorella sorokiniana > Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 > Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198. The drug caused a significant difference from control in cell density and chlorophyll-a of the three strains, except for chlorophyll-a in M. aeruginosa EAWAG 198 cultures where a significant difference occurred at 100 μg/L. The cell density of M. aeruginosa LE3 cultures exposed to 10 μg/L IBU increased 24 h post-exposure. Increasing concentrations of IBU induced higher total microcystins content of the Microcystis aeruginosa. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide content, peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, and lipid peroxidation increased as a function of IBU exposure. Total lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content of Chlorella sorokiniana were stimulated following IBU exposure. We conclude that the increasing presence of IBU in aquatic ecosystems could significantly alter the population dynamics of the investigated and other phytoplankton species.
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Lehmann M, Vamvaka E, Torrado A, Jahns P, Dann M, Rosenhammer L, Aziba A, Leister D, Rühle T. Introduction of the Carotenoid Biosynthesis α-Branch Into Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for Lutein Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699424. [PMID: 34295345 PMCID: PMC8291087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lutein, made by the α-branch of the methyl-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, is one of the most abundant xanthophylls in plants. It is involved in the structural stabilization of light-harvesting complexes, transfer of excitation energy to chlorophylls and photoprotection. In contrast, lutein and the α-branch of the MEP pathway are not present in cyanobacteria. In this study, we genetically engineered the cyanobacterium Synechocystis for the missing MEP α-branch resulting in lutein accumulation. A cassette comprising four Arabidopsis thaliana genes coding for two lycopene cyclases (AtLCYe and AtLCYb) and two hydroxylases (AtCYP97A and AtCYP97C) was introduced into a Synechocystis strain that lacks the endogenous, cyanobacterial lycopene cyclase cruA. The resulting synlut strain showed wild-type growth and only moderate changes in total pigment composition under mixotrophic conditions, indicating that the cruA deficiency can be complemented by Arabidopsis lycopene cyclases leaving the endogenous β-branch intact. A combination of liquid chromatography, UV-Vis detection and mass spectrometry confirmed a low but distinct synthesis of lutein at rates of 4.8 ± 1.5 nmol per liter culture at OD730 (1.03 ± 0.47 mmol mol-1 chlorophyll). In conclusion, synlut provides a suitable platform to study the α-branch of the plastidic MEP pathway and other functions related to lutein in a cyanobacterial host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lehmann
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evgenia Vamvaka
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro Torrado
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Dann
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Rosenhammer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amel Aziba
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sandmann G. Diversity and Evolution of Carotenoid Biosynthesis from Prokaryotes to Plants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1261:79-94. [PMID: 33783732 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids exist in pro- and eukaryotic organisms, but not in animals (with one exception). Their biosynthesis evolved from a common ancestor of Archaea and Bacteria and via the latter by endosymbiosis to algae and plants. The formation of carotenoids in fungi can be regarded as a lineage from the archaea. This review highlights the distribution and evolution of carotenogenic pathways in taxonomic groups of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a special emphasis on the evolutionary aspects of prominent carotenogenic genes in relation to the assigned function of their corresponding enzymes. The latter aspect includes a focus on paralogs of gene families evolving novel functions and unrelated genes encoding enzymes with the same function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Zhao Z, Liu Z, Mao X. Biotechnological Advances in Lycopene β-Cyclases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11895-11907. [PMID: 33073992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene β-cyclase is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which catalyzes the β-cyclization of both ends of lycopene to produce β-carotene. Lycopene β-cyclases are found in a wide range of sources, mainly plants and microorganisms. Lycopene β-cyclases have been extensively studied for their important catalytic activity, including for use in genetic engineering to modify plants and microorganisms, as a blocking target for lycopene industrial production strains, and for their genetic and physiological effects related to microorganic and plant biological traits. This review of lycopene β-cyclases summarizes the major studies on their basic classification, functional activity, metabolic engineering, and plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Gisriel CJ, Wang J, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Opportunities and challenges for assigning cofactors in cryo-EM density maps of chlorophyll-containing proteins. Commun Biol 2020; 3:408. [PMID: 32733087 PMCID: PMC7393486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate assignment of cofactors in cryo-electron microscopy maps is crucial in determining protein function. This is particularly true for chlorophylls (Chls), for which small structural differences lead to important functional differences. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of Chl-containing protein complexes exemplify the difficulties in distinguishing Chl b and Chl f from Chl a. We use these structures as examples to discuss general issues arising from local resolution differences, properties of electrostatic potential maps, and the chemical environment which must be considered to make accurate assignments. We offer suggestions for how to improve the reliability of such assignments. In this Perspective, Christopher Gisriel et al. discuss the challenges in accurate assignment of co-factors in cryo-EM, particularly for chlorophylls. They explore the factors that lead to misassignment and offer suggestions for improving reliability of cryo-EM-based assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Cao T, Wang L, Huang X, Deng Y, Yang L, Lu S. Manipulation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 as a platform for functional identification of genes involved in carotenoid metabolism. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:605-607. [PMID: 31469498 PMCID: PMC7004913 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin‐Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xing‐Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yin‐Yin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research InstituteNantongChina
| | - Li‐En Yang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research InstituteNantongChina
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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Pazderník M, Mareš J, Pilný J, Sobotka R. The antenna-like domain of the cyanobacterial ferrochelatase can bind chlorophyll and carotenoids in an energy-dissipative configuration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11131-11143. [PMID: 31167780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrochelatase (FeCh) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of heme. Interestingly, in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, FeCh possesses a conserved transmembrane chlorophyll a/b binding (CAB) domain that resembles the first and the third helix of light-harvesting complexes, including a chlorophyll-binding motif. Whether the FeCh CAB domain also binds chlorophyll is unknown. Here, using biochemical and radiolabeled precursor experiments, we found that partially inhibited activity of FeCh in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 leads to overproduction of chlorophyll molecules that accumulate in the thylakoid membrane and, together with carotenoids, bind to FeCh. We observed that pigments bound to purified FeCh are organized in an energy-dissipative conformation and further show that FeCh can exist in vivo as a monomer or a dimer depending on its own activity. However, pigmented FeCh was purified exclusively as a dimer. Separately expressed and purified FeCH CAB domain contained a pigment composition similar to that of full-length FeCh and retained its quenching properties. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the CAB domain was acquired by a fusion between FeCh and a single-helix, high light-inducible protein early in the evolution of cyanobacteria. Following this fusion, the FeCh CAB domain with a functional chlorophyll-binding motif was retained in all currently known cyanobacterial genomes except for a single lineage of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Our findings indicate that FeCh from Synechocystis exists mostly as a pigment-free monomer in cells but can dimerize, in which case its CAB domain creates a functional pigment-binding segment organized in an energy-dissipating configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pazderník
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pilný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
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Xie J, Yao S, Ming J, Deng L, Zeng K. Variations in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and expression of genes involved in pigment metabolism response to oleocellosis in citrus fruits. Food Chem 2018; 272:49-57. [PMID: 30309573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yellow or green spots related to pigment changes found at the early stage of oleocellosis can cause severe economic damage. However, little information exists on pigment changes during oleocellosis development, so this study investigated the main changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolites and related gene expression. Among the variations, the increased contents of chlorophyll a and b, and decreased concentrations of lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene were responsible for chlorophyll and carotenoid changes, respectively. Regarding gene expression, the up-regulated genes, magnesium chelatase subunit H (MgCh), magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase 1/2 (MPEC1/2), protochlorophyllide reductase a, chloroplastic 1/2 (PORA1/2) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), regarding chlorophyll synthesis as well as the down-regulated genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb), and zeaxanthin epoxidase 1/2 (ZEP 1/2) and the up-regulated genes (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 1/2 (ABA-HX 1/2), regarding carotenoid metabolism, constituted the major variations in oleocellosis peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xie
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Liang MH, Zhu J, Jiang JG. Carotenoids biosynthesis and cleavage related genes from bacteria to plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2314-2333. [PMID: 28609133 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1322552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms and beneficial for human health. Apocarotenoids derived from carotenoid degradation can serve critical functions including hormones, volatiles, and signals. They have been used commercially as food colorants, animal feed supplements, and nutraceuticals for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. This review focuses on the molecular evolution of carotenogenic enzymes and carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) from bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The diversity of carotenoids and apocarotenoids as well as their complicated biosynthetic pathway in different species can shed light on the history of early molecular evolution. Some carotenogenic genes (such as phytoene synthases) have high protein sequence similarity from bacteria to land plants, but some (such as phytoene desaturases, lycopene cyclases, carotenoid hydroxylases, and CCOs) have low similarity. The broad diversity of apocarotenoid volatile compounds can be attributed to large numbers of carotenoid precursors and the various cleavage sites catalyzed by CCOs enzymes. A variety of carotenogenic enzymes and CCOs indicate the functional diversification of carotenoids and apocrotenoids in different species. New carotenoids, new apocarotenoids, new carotenogenic enzymes, new CCOs, and new pathways still need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland , USA
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- b Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland , USA.,c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China.,d School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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