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Pinnamaneni SR, Anapalli SS, Reddy KN. Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894706. [PMID: 36003824 PMCID: PMC9393717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the major row crops in the USA, and growers are tending toward the twin-row system and irrigation to increase productivity. In a 2-year study (2018 and 2019), we examined the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to better understand the regulatory and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic components of cotton and soybean grown under varying levels of irrigations and planting geometries in a split-plot experiment. The main plots were three irrigation regimes: (i) all furrows irrigation (AFI), (ii) alternate or skipped furrow irrigation (SFI), and iii) no irrigation or rainfed (RF), and the subplots were two planting patterns, single-row (SR) and twin-row (TR). The light response curves at vegetative and reproductive phases revealed lower photosynthesis rates in the RF crops than in AFI and SFI. A higher decrease was noticed in RF soybean for light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) than that of RF cotton. The decrease in the maximum assimilation rate (Amax) was higher in soybean than cotton. A decrease of 12 and 17% in Amax was observed in RF soybean while the decrease is limited to 9 and 6% in RF cotton during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Both stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) declined under RF. The moisture deficit stress resulted in enhanced operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), which is probably due to increased photorespiration. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a measure of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy, and quantum efficiency of dissipation by down-regulation (ΦNPQ) increased significantly in both crops up to 50% under RF conditions. The photochemical quenching declined by 28% in soybean and 26% in cotton. It appears soybean preferentially uses non-photochemical energy dissipation while cotton uses elevated electron transport rate (ETR) under RF conditions for light energy utilization. No significant differences among SR and TR systems were observed for LCP, LSP, AQE, Amax, gs, E, ETR, and various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. This study reveals preferential use of non-photochemical energy dissipation in soybean while cotton uses both photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation to protect PSI and PSII centers and ETR, although they fall under C3 species when exposed to moisture limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Krishna N. Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
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13C Isotope Labelling to Follow the Flux of Photorespiratory Intermediates. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030427. [PMID: 33668274 PMCID: PMC7996249 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the carbon flux through metabolic pathways in intact illuminated leaves remains challenging because of, e.g., isotopic dilution by endogenous metabolites, the impossibility to reach isotopic steady state, and the occurrence of multiple pools. In the case of photorespiratory intermediates, our knowledge of the partitioning between photorespiratory recycling, storage, and utilization by other pathways is thus rather limited. There has been some controversy as to whether photorespiratory glycine and serine may not be recycled, thus changing the apparent stoichiometric coefficient between photorespiratory O2 fixation and CO2 release. We describe here an isotopic method to trace the fates of glycine, serine and glycerate, taking advantage of positional 13C content with NMR and isotopic analyses by LC–MS. This technique is well-adapted to show that the proportion of glycerate, serine and glycine molecules escaping photorespiratory recycling is very small.
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Pan T, Wang Y, Wang L, Ding J, Cao Y, Qin G, Yan L, Xi L, Zhang J, Zou Z. Increased CO 2 and light intensity regulate growth and leaf gas exchange in tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:694-708. [PMID: 31376304 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide concentration (CO2 ) and light intensity are known to play important roles in plant growth and carbon assimilation. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Jingpeng No. 1) were exposed to two levels of CO2 and three levels of light intensity and the effects on growth, leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency were investigated. Elevated CO2 and increased light intensity promoted growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment concentration and together the seedling health index. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on leaf nitrogen content but did significantly upregulate Calvin cycle enzyme activity. Increased CO2 and light intensity promoted photosynthesis, both on a leaf-area basis and on a chlorophyll basis. Increased CO2 also increased light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and carboxylation efficiency and, together with increased light intensity, it raised photosynthetic capacity. However, increased CO2 reduced transpiration and water consumption across different levels of light intensity, thus significantly increasing both leaf-level and plant-level water use efficiency. Among the range of treatments imposed, the combination of increased CO2 (800 µmol CO2 mol-1 ) and high light intensity (400 µmol m-2 s-1 ) resulted in optimal growth and carbon assimilation. We conclude that the combination of increased CO2 and increased light intensity worked synergistically to promote growth, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency by upregulation of pigment concentration, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, light energy use and CO2 fixation. Increased CO2 also lowered transpiration and hence water usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghua Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gege Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linjie Xi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
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Sitko K, Gieroń Ż, Szopiński M, Zieleźnik-Rusinowska P, Rusinowski S, Pogrzeba M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Kalaji HM, Małkowski E. Influence of short-term macronutrient deprivation in maize on photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14181. [PMID: 31578358 PMCID: PMC6775257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to compare the impact of short-term deprivation of selected macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg and P) on the photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content in maize. The strongest inhibition of photosynthesis was caused by a deprivation of Mg, which was visible as a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, photosystem II (PSII) performance, chlorophyll and flavonol content with a simultaneously increased content of anthocyanins. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in the photosynthetic rate was observed. However, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance did not differ significantly compared with the control. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in the anthocyanin content were also observed. We showed that Ca starvation resulted in a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and PSII performance, while the pigment content was not significantly different compared with the control. In the case of P-deprived plants, we observed a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Interestingly, the inhibition of stomatal conductance was the strongest in the P-deprived plants compared with all of the investigated elements. However, the performance of PSII was not significantly affected by P starvation compared with the control. Our results present for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the effect of short-term macronutrient deprivation on photosynthesis and transpiration in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Gieroń
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Szopiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Małkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
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