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Escamilla I, Juan N, Benito A, Castellano-García F, Rodríguez-Ruiz F, Haro G. Substance Addiction in Adolescents: Influence of Parenting and Personality Traits. Brain Sci 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38790428 PMCID: PMC11119795 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use in adolescents has been separately related to personality traits and parental socialization styles; in this study, our objective was to study these variables in an integrated way. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in five institutes in a final sample of 331 students, excluding those with gaming disorder. The sample was stratified into three subgroups: 'no addiction', 'low risk', and 'high risk' of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). RESULTS 12.9% of the adolescents presented a low risk of SUD, while 18.3% showed a high risk, with both being older (F = 9.16; p < 0.001) than the no addiction group. Adolescents with high risk scored lower in control and structure variables and higher in maternal and paternal indifference factors. Non-addicted subjects presented higher scores in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower scores in neuroticism. The probability of SUD increased with age (OR = 2.187; p = 0.022), sensation seeking (OR = 1.084; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (OR = 1.049; p = 0.042), while conscientiousness was a protective factor (OR = 0.930; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect that personality traits are directly related to the development of substance abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escamilla
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nerea Juan
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Torrente Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Castellano-García
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Educational Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Parra-Cardona R, Vanderziel A, Fuentes-Balderrama J. The impact of a parent-based prevention intervention on Mexican-descent youths' perceptions of harm associated with drug use: Differential intervention effects for male and female youths. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:370-393. [PMID: 36617375 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parent training (PT) interventions reduce the likelihood of youth problematic behaviors, including drug use. However, the dissemination of culturally adapted PT interventions in low-income Latina/o immigrant communities remains scarce. In this selective prevention study, we examined the extent to which exposure to CAPAS-Youth, a culturally adapted version of the PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO© , resulted in increased adolescent perception of harm associated with use of alcohol and other drugs. In a randomized controlled trial with 71 Latina/o immigrant families (95% of parents self-identified as Mexican origin, n = 98), 37 families were allocated to the CAPAS-Youth intervention condition versus wait-list control (n = 34 families). According to adolescents' reports at intervention completion, significant increased levels of perceived harm associated with drug use were found for female youths, but not for males. Differential results indicate the importance of tailoring PT prevention interventions according to youths' sex differences (i.e., males vs. females).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Parra-Cardona
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alyssa Vanderziel
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Associations between parental media mediation and youth attitudes about online privacy in a sample of US adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Clements-Nolle KD, Lensch T, Drake CS, Pearson JL. Adverse childhood experiences and past 30-day cannabis use among middle and high school students: The protective influence of families and schools. Addict Behav 2022; 130:107280. [PMID: 35279622 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for adolescent cannabis use (CU). We explored whether family communication and school connectedness can offer direct protection (the compensatory model of resiliency) or moderating protection (the protective factors model of resiliency). Using cluster random sampling, a Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was conducted with 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school students in 2019. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate whether family communication and school connectedness offered independent direct protection (multiple regression) or moderating protection (multiplicative interaction) in the relationship between ACEs and past 30-day CU. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. There was a graded relationship between ACEs and past 30-day CU for all students that was particularly strong among middle school students: 1 ACE (APR = 2.37, 95% CI = 2.16, 2.62), 2 ACEs (APR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.60, 3.23), 3 ACEs (APR = 5.30, 95% CI = 4.75, 5.90), 4 + ACEs (APR = 7.86, 95% CI = 7.13, 8.67). Results supported the compensatory model of resiliency with both family communication (middle school APR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.88, 0.93; high school APR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87, 0.93) and school connectedness (middle school APR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.72, 0.79; high school APR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.77) demonstrating a direct, independent protective relationship with past 30-day CU. There was no consistent evidence supporting the protective factors resiliency model.
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5
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Harrison L, Sharma N, Irfan O, Zaman M, Vaivada T, Bhutta ZA. Mental Health and Positive Development Prevention Interventions: Overview of Systematic Reviews. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186940. [PMID: 35503329 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous reviews of mental health interventions have focused on adolescents (10-19 years), with a paucity of comprehensive evidence syntheses on preventive interventions for school-aged children (5-10 years). OBJECTIVE To summarize and synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews of mental health and positive development interventions for children aged 5-14.9 years in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a focus on preventive and promotive strategies. DATA SOURCES This overview includes all relevant reviews from OVID Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Campbell Systematic Reviews through December 2020. STUDY SELECTION We included systematic reviews that synthesized empirical studies using experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in children aged 5-14.9 years. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently and in duplicate by two review authors. The AMSTAR2 tool was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS We included 162 reviews. The greatest evidence was found in support of school-based universal and anti-bullying interventions in predominantly HIC. Moderate evidence was found for the use of substance abuse prevention, and early learning and positive development interventions in mixed settings. In LMIC-only contexts, the most promising evidence was found for positive youth development programs. LIMITATIONS The review was primarily limited by paucity of high-quality research due to methodological issues and high heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This overview of reviews highlights the need for further research to consolidate findings and understand the specific criteria involved in creating positive mental health and development outcomes from the various interventions considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Harrison
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naeha Sharma
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Irfan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Zaman
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Vaivada
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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6
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Wilhelm AK, Allen ML, Pratt RJ. Belonging to Three Worlds: Somali Adolescent-Parent Relationships in the United States and Implications for Tobacco Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3653. [PMID: 35329340 PMCID: PMC8953780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immigrant family relationships help to buffer the adolescent adoption of health risk behaviors but can be strained by post-immigration structural and cultural barriers. This study qualitatively examines how Somali adolescent-parent relationship factors influence Somali adolescent tobacco use and identifies areas for further family support to prevent Somali adolescent tobacco use. We conducted fifteen key informant interviews with professionals serving the Somali community in clinical, educational, religious, or other community organization roles in one Minnesota metropolitan region. Data were collected and analyzed using approaches rooted in Grounded Theory. Key informants contrasted parenting experiences in Somalia with those in the United States and described how four key factors-structural and cultural barriers, multicultural identity formation, evolving parental expectations and responsibilities, and shifting family resources and support-have influenced Somali parent-child relationship quality and function following immigration. Informants shared the implications of these factors on parental ability to address adolescent tobacco use and discussed potential strategies to support parents that fell into two categories: assisting parents in adapting their parenting approaches to a new context and supporting knowledge and skill development in addressing tobacco use prevention specifically. Incorporating strategies that support Somali parents in their evolving parental roles and attend to structural and cultural barriers to tobacco prevention are essential to consider when developing family-centered tobacco prevention interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- April K. Wilhelm
- Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; (M.L.A.); (R.J.P.)
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Michele L. Allen
- Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; (M.L.A.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Rebekah J. Pratt
- Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; (M.L.A.); (R.J.P.)
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7
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Corcoran E, Doty J, Wisniewski P, Gabrielli J. Youth sexting and associations with parental media mediation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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O'Donnell A, Schmidt CS, Beyer F, Schrietter M, Anderson P, Jane-Llopis E, Kaner E, Schulte B. Effectiveness of digital interventions for people with comorbid heavy drinking and depression: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:10-23. [PMID: 34801605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy drinking and depression frequently co-occur and make a substantial contribution to the global non-communicable disease burden. Positive evidence exists for the use of digital interventions with these conditions alone, but there has been limited assessment of combined approaches. OBJECTIVE A systematic review of the effectiveness of combined digital interventions for comorbid heavy drinking and major depression in community-dwelling populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Electronic databases were searched to October 2021 for randomised controlled trials that evaluated any personalised digital intervention for comorbid heavy drinking and depression. Primary outcomes were changes in quantity of alcohol consumed and depressive symptoms. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and undertook risk of bias assessment. Due to the limited number and heterogeneity of studies identified, meta-analysis was not possible, therefore data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS Of 898 articles identified, 24 papers were reviewed in full, five of which met the inclusion criteria (N = 1503 participants). Three utilised web-based intervention delivery; two computer programmes delivered in a clinic setting. All involved multi-component interventions; treatment length varied from one to ten sessions. Four studies found no evidence for the superiority of combined digital interventions for comorbid heavy drinking and depression over therapist-delivered approaches, single condition interventions (including online), or assessment-only controls. Positive impacts of integrated online therapy compared to generalist online health advice were reported in a fifth study, but not maintained beyond the 1-month follow-up. LIMITATIONS Few eligible, heterogeneous studies prevented meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Limited evidence exists of the effectiveness of combined digital interventions for comorbid heavy drinking and depression in community dwelling populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy O'Donnell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Christiane Sybille Schmidt
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Fiona Beyer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Margret Schrietter
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Peter Anderson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE2 4AX, UK; Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, POB 616, Maastricht, MD 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jane-Llopis
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, POB 616, Maastricht, MD 6200, The Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH (The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Ramon Llull University, ESADE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Bernd Schulte
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Wedel AV, Cabot EP, Zaso MJ, Park A. Alcohol and Cannabis Use Milestones in Diverse Urban Adolescents: Associations with Demographics, Parental Rule Setting, Sibling and Peer Deviancy, and Outcome Expectancies. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1708-1719. [PMID: 35930431 PMCID: PMC9552532 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Alcohol and cannabis use progression milestones in adolescence (such as ages at first use, first intoxication and at onset of regular use) may inform the development of alcohol and cannabis use disorders. Although parent, sibling, and peer behavior and alcohol-related cognitions have been shown to be associated with alcohol milestone attainment, findings have been mixed; further, those factors' associations with cannabis use milestones are unknown. This study examined whether progression through such milestones differed as a function of perceived peer/sibling deviancy, parental rule-setting, and substance use outcome expectancies in a racially diverse adolescent sample.Methods: Data were drawn from a two-wave longitudinal health survey study of 9-11th graders (n = 355 for the current analyses; Mage=15.94 [SD = 1.07]; 44% male; 43% Black; 22% White; 18% Asian; 17% Multiracial; 10% Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity) at an urban high school. A series of logistic and proportional hazards regressions examined associations of peer/sibling deviancy, parental rule-setting, and outcome expectancies with age and attainment of alcohol/cannabis use milestones.Results: For both alcohol and cannabis, greater peer deviancy and positive expectancies were associated with higher odds of milestone attainment, while negative expectancies were associated with slower progression through milestones. For cannabis, but not alcohol, greater perceived sibling deviancy was positively associated with milestone attainment, while negative expectancies were associated with lower odds of milestone attainment.Conclusions: Perceived deviant behavior by peers and siblings, in addition to adolescents' expectancies for either alcohol or cannabis use, is associated with attainment and progression through key adolescent substance use milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia V Wedel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Michelle J Zaso
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
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10
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Parra-Cardona R, Fuentes-Balderrama J, Vanderziel A, López-Zerón G, Domenech Rodríguez MM, DeGarmo DS, Anthony JC. A Culturally Adapted Parenting Intervention for Mexican-Origin Immigrant Families with Adolescents: Integrating Science, Culture, and a Focus on Immigration-Related Adversity. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:271-282. [PMID: 34718947 PMCID: PMC10372810 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-income Latina/o immigrants are very likely to experience intense contextual challenges in the USA, such as limited exposure to culturally relevant parent training (PT) prevention interventions. This prevention study consisted of an exploratory randomized controlled trial, aimed at empirically testing the implementation feasibility and initial efficacy of a culturally adapted version of the evidence-based PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO©. The parenting intervention was adapted to overtly address immigration-related stressors, discrimination, and challenges associated with biculturalism. Seventy-one Mexican-origin immigrant mothers participated in this study and were allocated to one of two conditions: (a) culturally adapted GenerationPMTO (i.e., CAPAS-Youth) or (b) wait-list control. Measurements were completed at baseline (T1) and intervention completion (T2). When compared to mothers in the control condition at T2, CAPAS-Youth participants reported significant improvements on four of the core parenting practices delivered in the CAPAS-Youth intervention. As hypothesized, no significant differences in limit-setting skills were identified at T2. With regards to adolescents' outcomes, mothers exposed to CAPAS-Youth reported significant improvements in youth internalizing and externalizing behaviors at T2 when compared to a wait-list control condition. Mothers in both conditions also reported significant reductions in levels of immigration-related stress. Current findings indicate the feasibility of implementing CAPAS-Youth within a context of considerable adversity, as well as the beneficial impacts of the parent-based intervention on salient parenting and youth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Parra-Cardona
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work and the Latino Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712-0358, Austin, USA.
| | - Jaime Fuentes-Balderrama
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work and the Latino Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712-0358, Austin, USA
| | - Alyssa Vanderziel
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | | | - David S DeGarmo
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - James C Anthony
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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11
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Gerra ML, Gerra MC, Tadonio L, Pellegrini P, Marchesi C, Mattfeld E, Gerra G, Ossola P. Early parent-child interactions and substance use disorder: An attachment perspective on a biopsychosocial entanglement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:560-580. [PMID: 34606823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate environmental and genetic factors, as well as their epigenetic and neuroendocrine moderators, that may underlie the association between early childhood experiences and Substance Use Disorders (SUD), through the lens of parental attachment. Here we review those attachment-related studies that examined the monoaminergic systems, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal stress response system, the oxytoninergic system, and the endogenous opioid system from a genetic, epigenetic, and neuroendocrine perspective. Overall, the selected studies point to a moderating effect of insecure attachment between genetic vulnerability and SUD, reasonably through epigenetic modifications. Preliminary evidence suggests that vulnerability to SUDs is related with hypo-methylation (e.g. hyper-expression) of high-risk polymorphisms on the monoaminergic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system and hyper-methylation (e.g. hypo-expressions) of protective polymorphisms on the opioid and oxytocin system. These epigenetic modifications may induce a cascade of neuroendocrine changes contributing to the subclinical and behavioural manifestations that precede the clinical onset of SUD. Protective and supportive parenting could hence represent a key therapeutic target to prevent addiction and moderate insecure attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Carlo Marchesi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Elizabeth Mattfeld
- Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gilberto Gerra
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ossola
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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12
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Foulds J, Knight J, Young JT, Keen C, Newton-Howes G. A Novel Graphical Method for Data Presentation in Alcohol Systematic Reviews: The Interactive Harvest Plot. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:16-25. [PMID: 33480397 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate a novel method for presenting and exploring data in systematic reviews of the alcohol literature. METHODS Harvest plots are a graphical method for displaying data on the overall pattern of evidence from a systematic review. They can display the direction of effects and risk of bias within studies for multiple outcomes in a single graphical chart. Using data from our previous meta-analysis on the association between personality disorder and alcohol treatment outcome, we extended the application of harvest plots by developing an interactive online harvest plot application. RESULTS Studies included in the review were heterogeneous in design. There were many different primary outcomes, and similar outcomes were often defined differently across studies. The interactive harvest plot allows readers to explore trends in the data across multiple outcomes, including the impact of within-study bias and year of publication. In contrast, meta-analysis on the same data was hampered by a lack of consistency in the way outcomes were measured, and incomplete reporting of effect sizes and their variance. This meant many studies included in the systematic review could not be meta-analysed. CONCLUSIONS Interactive harvest plots are a novel graphical method to present data from systematic reviews. They can supplement or even replace meta-analysis when the studies included in a systematic review use heterogeneous designs and measures, as is often the case in the alcohol literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago at Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Josh Knight
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Jesse T Young
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Claire Keen
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago at Wellington, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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13
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Cooper DK, Wieling E, Domenech Rodríguez MM, Garcia-Huidobro D, Baumann A, Mejia A, Le HN, Cardemil EV, Acevedo-Polakovich ID. Latinx Mental Health Scholars' Experiences with Cultural Adaptation and Implementation of Systemic Family Interventions. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:492-508. [PMID: 30830697 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of culturally adapted family-level interventions address mental health disparities with marginalized populations in the United States. However, with these developments many barriers have arisen, such as challenges with degree of cultural fit, engagement, and sustainability. We conducted 12 elite phenomenological interviews with mental health scholars involved in prevention and intervention family research with various Latinx communities within and outside of the United States. These scholars discussed their experiences of overcoming barriers in their research. We used thematic analysis to code and analyze participant responses, and our findings support the gaps in previous literature and highlight potential pathways to overcoming barriers in cultural adaptation research. Themes included the need for: (a) better understanding of the intersection between culture and context; (b) community-centered approaches to addressing implementation challenges; and (c) structural changes within institutional, governmental, and political levels. We discuss implications for researchers and practitioners working with Latinx families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Cooper
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Elizabeth Wieling
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | | | - Diego Garcia-Huidobro
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Baumann
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Huynh-Nhu Le
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Wilhelm AK, Parks MJ, Eisenberg ME, Allen ML. Patterns of Tobacco Use and Related Protective Factors Among Somali Youth in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:103-112. [PMID: 32333287 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-smoking norms and educational aspirations are established tobacco prevention targets for general United States (U.S.) adolescent populations but protective factors remain poorly characterized for Somali-American youth. Here we describe patterns of past 30-day tobacco use and associated protective factors among eighth, ninth, and eleventh grade Somali adolescent respondents (n = 2009) to the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey using multivariate logistic regressions. E-cigarette (5.7%) and hookah (5.0%) use were most prevalent. Male youth reported higher levels of tobacco use across products. Adjusted odds ratios showed that internal developmental assets (e.g., e-cigarettes aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.37, 0.79) and parental anti-smoking norms (e.g., e-cigarettes aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09, 0.38) protected against use of all tobacco products. E-cigarettes and hookah are prevalent among U.S. Somali youth, highlighting the need for prevention efforts that address emerging tobacco products and leverage protective factors such as internal assets and parental anti-smoking norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- April K Wilhelm
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Michael J Parks
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Michele L Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware St. SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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Garcia-Huidobro D, Diaspro-Higuera MO, Palma D, Palma R, Ortega L, Shlafer R, Wieling E, Piehler T, August G, Svetaz MV, Borowsky IW, Allen ML. Adaptive Recruitment and Parenting Interventions for Immigrant Latino Families with Adolescents. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:56-67. [PMID: 29644545 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Parenting programs are an effective strategy to prevent multiple risky outcomes during adolescence. However, these programs usually enroll one caregiver and have low attendance. This study evaluated the preliminary results, cost, and satisfaction of adaptive recruitment and parenting interventions for immigrant Latino families. A mixed methods study was conducted integrating a pre-post design with embedded qualitative and process evaluations. Fifteen immigrant Latino families with an adolescent child aged 10-14 were recruited. Two-caregiver families received a home visit to increase enrollment of both caregivers. All families participated in an adaptive parenting program that included group sessions and a one-to-one component (online videos plus follow-up telephone calls) for those who did not attend the group sessions. The intervention addressed positive parenting practices using a strengths-based framework. Primary outcomes were the proportion of two-parent families recruited and intervention participation. Secondary outcomes were change in parenting self-efficacy, practices, fidelity, costs, and satisfaction. Participants completed questionnaires and interaction tasks before and after participating in the intervention. In addition, participants and program facilitators completed individual interviews to assess satisfaction with the program components. Overall, 23 parents participated in the intervention; 73% of two-parent families enrolled with both parents. Most participants completed 75% or more of the intervention. Fathers were more likely to use the one-to-one component of the intervention than mothers (p = .038). Participants were satisfied with program modifications. In sum, adaptive recruitment and parenting interventions achieved high father enrollment and high participation. These findings warrant further evaluation in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Huidobro
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Macul, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | - Dora Palma
- Aqui Para Ti (Here For You) Clinic, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roberto Palma
- Aqui Para Ti (Here For You) Clinic, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luis Ortega
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Shlafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wieling
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Piehler
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gerald August
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria V Svetaz
- Aqui Para Ti (Here For You) Clinic, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iris W Borowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michele L Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Newton NC, Chapman C, Slade T, Conroy C, Thornton L, Champion KE, Stapinski L, Koning I, Teesson M. Internet-Based Universal Prevention for Students and Parents to Prevent Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Adolescents: Protocol for the Randomized Controlled Trial of Climate Schools Plus. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e10849. [PMID: 30120084 PMCID: PMC6119212 DOI: 10.2196/10849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early initiation of alcohol and cannabis use markedly increases the risk of harms associated with use, including the development of substance use and mental health disorders. To interrupt this trajectory, effective prevention during the adolescent period is critical. Despite evidence showing that parents can play a critical role in delaying substance use initiation, the majority of prevention programs focus on adolescents only. Accordingly, the Climate Schools Plus (CSP) program was developed to address this gap. Objective This paper outlines the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the CSP program, a novel internet-based program for parents and students to prevent adolescent substance use and related harms. The CSP program builds on the success of the Climate Schools student programs, with the addition of a newly developed parenting component, which allows parents to access the internet-based content to equip them with knowledge and skills to help prevent substance use in their adolescents. Methods A cluster RCT is being conducted with year 8 students (aged 12-14 years) and their parents from 12 Australian secondary schools between 2018 and 2020. Using blocked randomization, schools are assigned to one of the two groups to receive either the CSP program (intervention) or health education as usual (control). The primary outcomes of the trial will be any student alcohol use (≥1 standard alcoholic drink/s) and any student drinking to excess (≥5 standard alcoholic drinks). Secondary outcomes will include alcohol- and cannabis-related knowledge, alcohol use-related harms, frequency of alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking to excess, student cannabis use, parents’ self-efficacy to stop their children using alcohol, parental supply of alcohol, and parent-adolescent communication. All students and their parents will complete assessments on three occasions—baseline and 12 and 24 months postbaseline. In addition, students and parents in the intervention group will be asked to complete program evaluations on two occasions—immediately following the year 8 program and immediately following the year 9 program. Results Analyses will be conducted using multilevel, mixed-effects models within an intention-to-treat framework. It is expected that students in the intervention group will have less uptake and excessive use of alcohol compared with the students in the control group. Conclusions This study will provide the first evaluation of a combined internet-based program for students and their parents to prevent alcohol and cannabis use. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000153213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374178 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71E0prqfQ) Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/10849
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clare Newton
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chloe Conroy
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Louise Thornton
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Katrina Elizabeth Champion
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Ina Koning
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maree Teesson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
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