1
|
Bahar OS, Byansi W, Nartey PB, Ibrahim A, Boateng A, Kumbelim K, Nabunya P, McKay MM, Ssewamala FM. Self-esteem and self-concept as correlates of life satisfaction and attitudes toward school among Ghanaian girls. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:185-191. [PMID: 38205871 PMCID: PMC11114458 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
During adolescence, youth experience several physical, psychosocial, and cognitive changes. Self-esteem and self-concept are identified as protective factors for adolescents in high-income countries, but studies are limited in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the associations of self-esteem and self-concept with life satisfaction and attitudes toward school using baseline data from 97 Ghanaian adolescent girls at risk of school dropout. Ordinary Least Squares regression models were fitted to examine the association between self-esteem and self-concept on school attitudes and life satisfaction. Self-esteem was positively associated with life satisfaction. Self-concept was associated with more positive attitudes toward school. Hence, self-esteem and self-concept may be critical protective factors in promoting adolescent girls' life satisfaction and positive attitudes toward school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Byansi
- Boston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Alice Boateng
- Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Proscovia Nabunya
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary M. McKay
- Vice Provost Office, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fred M. Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murphy M, Ellsberg M, Balogun A, García-Moreno C. Risk and Protective Factors for Violence Against Women and Girls Living in Conflict and Natural Disaster-Affected Settings: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3328-3345. [PMID: 36259449 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221129303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of existing research on risk and protective factors associated with violence against women and girls (VAWG) in conflict and natural disaster settings. PubMed (Medline); PsycINFO; Scopus; and Cochrane Center trials registrar were searched as well as relevant internet repositories for VAWG research. The inclusion criteria covered studies that were published between January 1995 and December 2020, documented risk and/or protective factors for VAWG in conflict or natural disaster-affected settings and included primary or secondary data analysis. A total of 1,413 records were initially identified and 86 articles (covering 77 studies) were included in the final analysis. The findings show that many preexisting risk factors for VAWG are exacerbated in armed conflict and natural disaster-affected settings. Poverty and economic stress, men's substance abuse, exposure to violence, changing gender roles in contexts of inequitable gender norms, and a lack of social support are some of the risk factors associated with male perpetration or female experience of violence. In addition, risk factors specific to experiences during armed conflict or in a natural disaster (e.g., displacement, insecurity or congestion in and around displacement camps, militarization of society, killing of family, destruction of property, etc.) are associated with higher prevalence of VAWG in these contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Murphy
- The Global Women's Institute, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Mary Ellsberg
- The Global Women's Institute, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Aminat Balogun
- The Global Women's Institute, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Claudia García-Moreno
- The Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The effect of self-esteem on the spread of a pandemic. A cross-country analysis of the role played by self-esteem in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2023; 324:115866. [PMID: 37015169 PMCID: PMC10030268 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on COVID-19 suggests that many socio-economic determinants, by affecting personal behavior, have influenced the evolution of the pandemic. In this paper we study the role played in this regard by average levels of self-esteem in the public. There are reasons to believe that both low and very levels of self-esteem may have an effect on the spread of COVID-19, for opposite reasons. On the one hand, people with low self-esteem may not worry enough to behave in the way recommended (and prescribed, through non-pharmaceutical interventions) by the authorities; people with very high self-esteem, on the other hand, may be over-confident and fail to follow the prescriptions, believing that they do not need them. In this study we test this hypothesis by means of a quantitative cross-country analysis, using a hybrid model and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Our results suggest the existence of a U-shaped relationship between the trend of COVID-19 and average levels of self-esteem in a country.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasylyev M, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A, Bernardino JI, Săndulescu O, Gilles C, Libois A, Curran A, Spinner CD, Rowley D, Bickel M, Aichelburg MC, Nozza S, Wensing A, Barber TJ, Waters L, Jordans C, Bramer W, Lakatos B, Tovba L, Koval T, Kyrychenko T, Dumchev K, Buhiichyk V, Smyrnov P, Antoniak S, Antoniak S, Vasylyeva TI, Mazhnaya A, Kowalska J, Bhagani S, Rokx C. Unified European support framework to sustain the HIV cascade of care for people living with HIV including in displaced populations of war-struck Ukraine. THE LANCET HIV 2022; 9:e438-e448. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections are increasing in Brazilian adolescents and youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and other psychosocial variables with condom use behavior and sexual debut in a sample of adolescents from Santa Maria-RS. Data was collected with 452 adolescents (57% girls), mean age of 15.9 years (SD = 1.4), using the Brazilian Youth Questionnaire – Phase II. Condom use behavior was not associated with self-esteem or self-efficacy in the logistic regression model, contrary to the main hypothesis. General self-efficacy was positively associated with sexual debut, while religiosity was negatively associated with this outcome. Family support was associated with older age at sexual debut. The findings support the importance of analyzing different sexual behaviors separately, as they may have distinct predictors. Studies should use specific measures of self-efficacy when studying sexual behavior and measure how participants value different sexual behaviors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamudio-Haas S, Auerswald C, Miller L, Amboka S, Agot I, Kadede K, Otieno B, Odhiambo H, Odeny D, Onyango J, Bukusi EA, Truong HHM. Seeking a "Sponyo": Insights Into Motivations and Risks Around Intergenerational Transactional Sex Among Adolescent Boys and Girls in Kenya. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:930-936. [PMID: 33221187 PMCID: PMC10659078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intergenerational transactional sex (ITS) occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa within the context of widespread poverty and limited employment opportunities. We examined how adolescents describe these relationships, why their peers engage in ITS, and what repercussions adolescents shoulder as a result. METHODS We conducted 14 focus group discussions with boys and girls (N = 120) aged 15-19 years in informal settlement communities in Kisumu, Kenya. We used a framework approach to guide data analysis. RESULTS Adolescents referred to a relatively well-off older partner in ITS relationships as a "sponsor." Poverty proved the main driver of ITS. Boys and girls noted family and peer pressure to have a "better life" via sponsors who provided for three levels of need: urgent (e.g., food), critical (e.g., school fees), and material (e.g., clothes). Adolescents described multiple risks, including "no power" to negotiate condom use. Repercussions included dropping out of school because of community stigma, "abandonment" in the event of pregnancy, and unsafe abortions. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents face the difficult choice between the need for money to contribute to their families' income and the discomfort and health risks of a sponsor relationship. The pressure to have a sponsor was higher among out-of-school adolescents and adolescent mothers because of heightened poverty and vulnerability. Structural interventions, such as eliminating school fees, could help reduce adolescents' perceived need to acquire sponsors. Our findings suggest a need to update guidelines for sexual and reproductive health counseling in schools and community settings to openly discuss why ITS is so commonplace and engage in risk reduction conversations with adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colette Auerswald
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lara Miller
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sayo Amboka
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Irene Agot
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth A Bukusi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Hong-Ha M Truong
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin HC, Chen CC. Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:123-135. [PMID: 33603513 PMCID: PMC7882452 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s291300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 outbreak has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to use an extended parallel process model (EPPM) to understand factors in COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 1012 participants in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire and an online survey were used to collect data. Results The EPPM revealed that the severity of the COVID-19 threat perceived by respondents directly affected the arousal of fear in the respondents (β=0.268, t=9.007, p<0.001), but perceived efficacy did not (β=−0.019, t=−0.619, p>0.05); additionally, fear arousal was significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors (β=0.119, t=4.603, p<0.001). Regarding personal characteristics, self-esteem moderated the relationship between perceived threat and fear arousal. However, the moderating effect of self-esteem was stronger in people with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem (β=0.606, −0.472; t=26.303, −17.694; p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). The results of this study also indicated that two demographic characteristics (age and gender) affect COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Conclusion When developing healthcare policies and community interventions for improving COVID-19 prevention behaviors during an outbreak, healthcare administrators should carefully consider the main constructs of the EPPM, particularly personal characteristics (ie, self-esteem) and demographic characteristics (ie, age and gender).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Cheng Lin
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khoza LB, Shilubane HN, Lowane MP. Attitudes and beliefs of immigrants regarding HIV and AIDS in Mopani district, South Africa. SAHARA J 2020; 17:16-21. [PMID: 33172338 PMCID: PMC7671655 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2020.1831582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa faces and is severely affected by many conflicts. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) threaten both the physical and financial well-being of individuals in these struggling countries. This research aims to investigate the immigrants' attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV/AIDS in the Mopani district, Limpopo Province. Qualitative and quantitative designs were used, and 200 immigrants were sampled. Data was collected using a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Ethical standards were maintained. The study revealed that many respondents expressed discriminatory practices towards individuals infected by HIV. Many viewed promiscuity and the disease called Makhume (meaning illness caused by the omission of purification rites following the death of a family member) as causes of HIV/AIDS. These attitudes could hinder the achievement of healthy lives and the promotion of well-being at all ages if not addressed appropriately. The collaboration of various departments in the Mopani district is required to change these negative attitudes and beliefs that influence immigrants' behaviours. Also, the use of audio-visuals and peer teaching is most successful in changing attitudes and beliefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunic B. Khoza
- Department of Advanced Nursing Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Hilda N. Shilubane
- Department of Advanced Nursing Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Mygirl P. Lowane
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgato Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Durrance-Bagale A, Salman OM, Omar M, Alhaffar M, Ferdaus M, Newaz S, Krishnan S, Howard N. Lessons from humanitarian clusters to strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review. J Migr Health 2020; 1-2:100028. [PMID: 33458716 PMCID: PMC7790453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential scope for health-system learning from cluster responses to mass displacement. Non-health clusters can contribute to health improvements during mass displacement. Cluster approaches are often siloed with insufficient cross-cluster learning. Equitable power dynamics between displaced people, humanitarian actors, and governments are still needed.
The humanitarian cluster approach was established in 2005 but clarity on how lessons from humanitarian clusters can inform and strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) is lacking. We conducted a scoping review to examine the extent and nature of existing research and identify relevant lessons. We used Arksey and O'Malley's scoping framework with Levac's 2010 revisions and Khalil's 2016 refinements, focussing on identifying lessons from discrete humanitarian clusters that could strengthen health system responses to mass population displacement. We summarised thematically by cluster. Of 186 sources included, 56% were peer-reviewed research articles. Most related to health (37%), protection (18%), or nutrition (13%) clusters. Key lessons for health system responses included the necessity of empowering women; ensuring communities are engaged in decision-making processes (e.g. planning and construction of camps and housing) to strengthen trust and bonds between and within communities; and involving potential end-users in technological innovations development (e.g. geographical information systems) to ensure relevance and applicability. Our review provided evidence that non-health clusters can contribute to improving health outcomes using focussed interventions for implementation by government or humanitarian partners to inform LMIC health system responses to mass displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Durrance-Bagale
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Mukhtar Salman
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Omar
- Bart's Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Mervat Alhaffar
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ferdaus
- BRAC University, UB04 - 66 Bir Uttam AK Khandakar Road, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Newaz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Sneha Krishnan
- Environment, Technology and Community Health (ETCH) Consultancy Services, Mumbai, India
| | - Natasha Howard
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom.,National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferrer-Urbina R, Sepúlveda-Páez GL, Henríquez DT, Acevedo-Castillo DI, Llewellyn-Alvarado DA. Development and validity evidence of the multidimensional scale of sexual self-concept in a Spanish-speaking context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:22. [PMID: 32027012 PMCID: PMC6966990 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-019-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE STIs and HIV/AIDS are an important public health problem, transmitted by risky sex behaviours. In this context, it is necessary to identify protective factors, of those behaviours, as sexual self-concept. Sexual self-concept is a multidimensional trait (i.e. sexual self-esteem; sexual self-efficacy; and sexual assertiveness), but, in an extensive review, we did not find any measure to assess this multidimensional construct in a Spanish-speaking context. The objective of this research is development a scale to assess sexual self-concept in young people and adults. METHOD Time-space sampling with a total size of 792 participants, coming from the two Chilean cities (i.e. Arica and Iquique) with the highest HIV rates, aged between 17 and 53 years old (ME = 23.42; SD = 6.33), with 66.2% women (N = 500), 33.6% men (N = 258). RESULTS Final scale has 16 items and 4 dimensions: sexual self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, assertive sexual communication, and assertive sexual behaviour. The identified structure provides satisfactory levels of reliability (ω > .8) and presents robust evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test, using ESEM (RMSEA = .060; CFI = .99; TLI = .98), evidence of validity based on relationship to other variables (i.e. risky sexual behaviour) and measurement invariance between men and women. CONCLUSIONS The multidimensional scale of sexual self-concept has adequate psychometric properties to assess sexual self-concept in equivalent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de septiembre #2222, Arica, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|