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Livingston NR, Stanton K. Compatibility of Linehan's biosocial theory and the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders for borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health 2024. [PMID: 39258431 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by affective, interpersonal, and identity instability, as well as marked impulsivity. There is evidence that BPD may be best operationalized dimensionally using models such as the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) described in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). Moreover, biosocial theory is a well-known etiological theory of BPD emphasizing emotion dysregulation, inherited impulsivity, and development within invalidating contexts as key etiological mechanisms. Given that current research and clinical efforts for BPD are informed by both nosology and etiology, this narrative review examined how well biosocial theory (a) aligns with AMPD conceptualizations, (b) accounts for psychiatric comorbidity, and (c) accounts for heterogeneity in BPD presentation. Findings suggested that tenets of biosocial theory align well with Criteria A and B of the AMPD; however, biosocial theory focuses narrowly on roles of emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and invalidating contexts, and empirical support is lacking in some ways for several etiological explanations proposed by biosocial theory. Additionally, although biosocial theory captures empirically supported features of BPD and emphasizes high-risk subgroups, the theory may not account for lower-risk subgroups. Finally, the theory accounts for diagnostic co-occurrence via the central role of emotion dysregulation, but biosocial theory may not be specific to BPD and may broadly apply to a range of psychopathology. Based on the literature reviewed, implications for future research and clinical efforts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasey Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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2
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Rodrigues AR, Castro D, Cardoso J, Ferreira F, Serrão C, Coelho CM, Meira L, Ferreira TB. A network approach to emotion regulation and symptom activation in depression and anxiety. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1362148. [PMID: 39319300 PMCID: PMC11420018 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emotions can be regulated through several regulatory strategies that are involved in the development of psychopathological symptoms. Despite the well-established association between psychopathology and emotion dysregulation, little is known about the relationship between individual symptoms of depression and anxiety and emotion regulation strategies (ERS), as well as between ERS themselves. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study and examined the interactions between six ERS (reappraisal, engagement, rumination, suppression, arousal control, and distraction) and assessed their distinctive association with the activation of specific symptoms of depression and anxiety in a community sample of 376 adults (80.4% female; Mage = 32.70; SDage = 11.80). The Regulation Emotion Systems Survey (RESS) was used to measure ERS. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to assess psychological symptoms. An exploratory graph analysis was performed to examine the structural properties of the network of interactions between these behaviors. Additionally, to test the association of ERS with the activation of the depression symptoms network, an expected symptoms activity (ESA) was conducted. Results Six communities were found that correspond to the six ERS. Rumination and suppression have a significant association with symptom activation (particularly low self-esteem), whereas reappraisal reduces symptomatic activation. The effect of arousal control, engagement, and distraction appears to depend on the remaining ERS rather than having much influence on their own. Conclusion This study provides insight into how ERS interact with each other and with individual symptoms of depression and anxiety. Understanding the effects of these interactions on symptom activation and comorbidity can improve our understanding of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Rodrigues
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Castro
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Cardoso
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Serrão
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Educação, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Educação (inED), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Coelho
- University Center for Research in Psychology (CUIP), University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Liliana Meira
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago B Ferreira
- University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
- Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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James D, Horne L. Examining barriers to dental, medical, mental, and vision healthcare access, attitudes towards seeking healthcare, and internalized racism among Black Americans. Soc Sci Med 2024; 357:117193. [PMID: 39127001 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Structural barriers, which impede access to healthcare, are often seen as tangible expressions of structural racism. Those who experience more structural barriers to healthcare access are likely to experience poor health. Expanding on this notion, our research integrated the Internalized Racism Framework (James, 2022) with the Structural Vulnerability Framework (Bourgois et al., 2017; Metzl and Hansen, 2014) to explore how encountering barriers to healthcare access influences healthcare seeking attitudes across four health domains: mental, medical, dental, and vision. Our study included a sample of 780 Black American adults (average age = 37.68) who were recruited to participate in an anonymous web-based cross-sectional survey. Our findings revealed that internalized racism explained the direct effect of healthcare access structural barriers on healthcare attitudes in the mental, medical, and vision health domains, but not in the dental health domain. Specifically, the experience of more structural barriers in accessing healthcare (mental, medical, and vision) correlated with heightened internalized racism, which, in turn, was associated with more negative attitudes towards seeking (mental, medical, and vision) healthcare. Notably, our results also showed variations in the frequency and types of structural barriers encountered across the four health domains, along with differences in participants' positive healthcare seeking attitudes. Our findings underscore an urgent need for targeted interventions addressing both structural and internalized racism. Removing healthcare access barriers is crucial for fostering equitable healthcare access for Black Americans. Future research should explore additional factors influencing healthcare seeking attitudes, as well as strategies that mitigate the negative effects of racism on said attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drexler James
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Lisette Horne
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA
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Brice F, Lam-Cassettari C, Gerstl B, Eapen V, Lin PI. Evaluating the Link between Visual Attention Bias and Emotion Dysregulation of Young Children. Psychiatr Q 2024:10.1007/s11126-024-10089-4. [PMID: 39192043 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability to regulate emotions is vital to successful social interactions. This study explores whether visual attention bias is associated with emotion dysregulation (ED) in early childhood. Parental reports of child ED (Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Temper Tantrum Scale) were examined in relation to child visual attention bias whilst viewing emotional faces. Results indicated that the level of eye gaze fixation towards emotional images and faces was associated with ED when social function (measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale), gender, age, and attention problems (measured from the CBCL subscale), were adjusted. The modifying effect on visual attention bias was evaluated using interaction analysis in the generalized linear model. The level of visual attention bias, indicated by the proportion of eye gaze fixation time on areas of interest (AOIs) in images displaying unpleasant emotions (such as anger), was inversely associated with the level of externalising problem behaviours (p = .014). Additionally, the association of eye gaze fixation time for AOIs displaying negative emotional cues with the level of externalising problem behaviours varied by age (p = .04), with younger children (aged < 70 months) demonstrating a stronger association than older children (aged ≥ 70 months). Findings suggest that young children with greater ED symptoms look less at unpleasant emotional cues. However, this relationship is attenuated as children become older. Further research to identify objective biomarkers that incorporate eye-tracking tasks may support prediction of ED-related mental health issues in the early years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febe Brice
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christa Lam-Cassettari
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brigitte Gerstl
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
- Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ping-I Lin
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, USA.
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5
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Yılmaz Y, Bahadır E. Cognitive disengagement syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An examination of relationships with alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39087375 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2385444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) and ADHD are considered distinct but interrelated constructs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated CDS symptoms and increased ADHD risk in the general population, and their relationships with emotion regulation difficulty (ERD) and alexithymia. Out of 1166 participants, 142 with known psychiatric conditions were excluded, resulting in 1024 participants. Participants completed various scales including Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5), Barkley Adult Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-16), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Four groups were formed based on Barkley and ASRS-5 scores: Group 1) No elevated CDS symptoms and Low risk of ADHD, Group 2) No elevated CDS symptoms and Increased risk of ADHD, Group 3) Elevated CDS symptoms and Low risk of ADHD, Group 4) Elevated CDS symptoms and Increased risk of ADHD. Elevated CDS symptoms was found in 10% of participants, and increased ADHD risk in 9.2%. Among probable ADHD cases, 40% had elevated CDS symptoms, while 60% of elevated CDS symptoms cases had increased ADHD risk. Group 4 (elevated CDS symptoms and increased risk of ADHD) had the highest ERD and alexithymia scores, while Group 1(no elevated CDS symptoms and low risk of ADHD) had the lowest. Regression analyses showed that CDS scores predicted ERD (47%) and alexithymia (32%) better than ADHD scores (ERD: 36%, alexithymia: 23%). CDS and ADHD appear as significant concepts that could be involved in the etiology of ERD and alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Erdi Bahadır
- Departmant of Psychiatry, Hackalı Baba State Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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Cénat JM, Jacob G, Guillaume D, Amédée LM, Darius WP, Farahi SMMM, Clorméus LA, Guerrier M, Hébert M. Intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescents and young adults in Haiti. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115981. [PMID: 38838384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Haiti is well-documented, its association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. Using a representative sample of adolescents and young adults from rural and urban areas across the 10 geographical regions of Haiti, this study investigates the association between IPV and PTSD symptoms. It explores the role of social support, emotion regulation, other traumatic events, and sociodemographic factors. The sample consisted of 3,586 participants, of whom 43.21 % (1,538) reported being in a dating relationship in the past year (56.04 % women). Overall, 25.53 % of the participants were categorized as having probable PTSD. Results showed that participants who experienced at least one episode of IPV victimization presented a higher prevalence of PTSD (32.28 %) compared to those who did not have any experience (16.29 %), χ2 (1) = 44.83, p < .001. The logistic regression model showed that emotional IPV, sexual IPV, traumatic life events, emotional dysregulation, and social support were associated with PTSD symptoms. This study highlights a strong association between IPV and PTSD symptoms, as well as factors that can contribute to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs among adolescents and young adults in Haiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Grace Jacob
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lewis Ampidu Clorméus
- Department of African American Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Faculty of Ethnology, State University of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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González-Roz A, Castaño Y, Krotter A, Salazar-Cedillo A, Gervilla E. Emotional dysregulation in relation to substance use and behavioral addictions: Findings from five separate meta-analyses. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100502. [PMID: 39308782 PMCID: PMC11416520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable underlying various psychiatric disorders, including addictive behaviors (ABs). This meta-analysis examines the relationship between ED and ABs (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, gambling, and gaming), and indicators of AB engagement (frequency, quantity/time of use, severity, and problems). Method Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and PsycINFO. Five separate meta-analysis were run using random-effects models. Moderators (age, sex, continental region, and sample type; community vs. clinical), and publication bias were evaluated. Results A total of 189 studies (N = 78,733; 51.29 % women) were identified. ED was significantly related to all ABs. Problems and severity indicators exhibited the largest effects (r's .118-.372, all p <.023). There were larger effect sizes for cannabis problems (r = .372), cannabis severity (r = .280), gaming severity (r = .280), gambling severity (r = .245), gambling problems (r = .131), alcohol problems (r = .237), alcohol severity (r = .204), and severity of nicotine dependence (r = .118). Lack of impulse control exhibited some of the largest effects in relation to ABs. Clinical samples of cannabis users vs. community-based exhibited larger magnitude of associations. Conclusions Interventions targeting ABs should address lack of strategies and impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy specifically, as it is a common risk factor for ABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba González-Roz
- Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yasmina Castaño
- Data Analysis Research Team (GRAD), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Andrea Krotter
- Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Angie Salazar-Cedillo
- Data Analysis Research Team (GRAD), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Gervilla
- Data Analysis Research Team (GRAD), Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
- Statistical and Psychometric Procedures Applied in Health Science, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Cra Valldemossa, 79, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120, Palma, Spain
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Overmeyer R, Endrass T. Disentangling associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and performance monitoring. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14539. [PMID: 38332720 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Disorders marked by high levels of impulsivity and compulsivity have been linked to changes in performance monitoring, specifically the error-related negativity (ERN). We investigated the relationship between performance monitoring and individual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity. A total of 142 participants were recruited into four groups, each with different combinations of impulsivity and compulsivity, and they performed a flanker task to assess error-related brain activity. We defined error-related brain activity as ERN amplitude and theta power. Single-trial regression was employed to analyze the amplitude differences between incorrect and correct trials within the ERN time window. The findings revealed that impulsivity, compulsivity, and different measures of response processing exhibited distinct interactions, which were influenced by the configuration of impulsivity and compulsivity, but also depended on the measure of response processing. Specifically, high compulsivity predicted larger ERN amplitudes in individuals with low impulsivity, whereas high impulsivity had no significant effect on ERN amplitude in individuals with low compulsivity. Furthermore, when both impulsivity and compulsivity were high, no significant increase in ERN amplitude was observed; instead, there was a reduced difference between incorrect and correct trials. No significant differences were found for theta power. While the association between error-related brain activity and transdiagnostic markers or psychopathology may be smaller than generally assumed, considering the interaction between different transdiagnostic markers and their facets can enhance our understanding of the complex associations that arise during the investigation of neural correlates of performance monitoring, specifically the ERN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Overmeyer
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Brunault P, Ingrand I, Solinas M, Dugast E, Pérault-Pochat MC, Ingrand P, Vanderkam P, Lafay-Chebassier C. Smokers with higher positive or negative urgency have lower rates of smoking cessation success 12 months after a quit attempt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12321. [PMID: 38811767 PMCID: PMC11137130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity dimensions have been shown to be associated with smoking status and tobacco use disorder severity. However, it is important to determine the specific impulsivity traits associated with smoking relapse. This study aimed at investigating the associations between impulsivity traits and smoking cessation success among adult smokers at 12 months after a quit attempt. Participants were 68 adult smokers enrolled in a 3-month course of simvastatine or placebo associated with behavioral cessation support, with a 9-month follow-up (ADDICSTATINE study). They were classified in 3 groups according to smoking status: abstinent, reduction ≥ 50%baseline or reduction < 50%baseline at 3 and 12 months. Impulsivity traits were assessed using the UPPS-P-scale. At 12 months, abstainers and participants who reduced smoking by 50% or more had significantly lower scores in negative and positive urgency compared to participants who reduced smoking by less than 50% (p = 0.011 and 0.0059). These urgency traits scores at 12 months were significantly and negatively correlated with smoking reduction at 12 months (p = 0.017 and 0.0012). These impulsivity traits were also associated with the smoking cessation success at 3 months. Patients who were abstinent at 3 months had also lower negative and positive urgency (p = 0.017 and 0.0039). Smoking cessation success at 3 and 12 months were not associated with the other impulsivity traits, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation or perseverance. Our findings suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with smoking cessation success. Proposing better tailored-based-treatment targeting these impulsivity traits in combination with conventional treatment may help improving smoking treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, QualiPsy, EE 1901, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marcello Solinas
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Pérault-Pochat
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Paul Vanderkam
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Lafay-Chebassier
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie - CS 90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Bazo Perez M, Frazier LD. Risk and resilience in eating disorders: differentiating pathways among psychosocial predictors. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:62. [PMID: 38773646 PMCID: PMC11110273 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) represent a rising global health concern. The current study takes a multivariate approach to examine psychological (i.e., perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity [AS], emotion dysregulation) and sociocultural factors (i.e., body dissatisfaction) that may relate to risk and resilience in EDs. METHODS Participants were 698 undergraduate students (Mage = 21, SDage = 4.02), mainly female (71%) and Hispanic (61.6%), who participated in an online survey assessing perfectionism, emotion dysregulation, AS, body dissatisfaction, and eating behaviors. RESULTS The results from structural equation model analyses revealed differential associations with disordered eating (DE) outcomes. Self-oriented perfectionism and dysmorphic appearance concerns were associated with increased dieting/carb restriction, desire for thinness, and binging tendencies. Specifically, emotional nonacceptance and lack of emotional awareness showed associations with elevated risk for dieting/carb restriction and purging tendencies, respectively. Conversely, lack of emotional clarity showed a protective pathway to these risk behaviors. Anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns related to higher purging tendencies, while AS social concerns related to lower purging and binging tendencies. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the differential pathways of psychosocial risk and resilience for EDs. Subscales of emotional dysregulation and AS showed risk as well as resilience associations with DE outcomes. This information is key for advancing transdiagnostic prevention and intervention to reduce the rising rates of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bazo Perez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Leslie D Frazier
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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11
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Easdale-Cheele T, Parlatini V, Cortese S, Bellato A. A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Interventions for Emotional Dysregulation, and Underlying Bio-Psycho-Social Factors. Brain Sci 2024; 14:453. [PMID: 38790432 PMCID: PMC11119869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this narrative, comprehensive, and updated review of the literature, we summarize evidence about the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing emotion dysregulation and improving emotion regulation in children, adolescents, and adults. After introducing emotion dysregulation and emotion regulation from a theoretical standpoint, we discuss the factors commonly associated with emotion regulation, including neurobiological and neuropsychological mechanisms, and the role of childhood adverse experiences and psycho-social factors in the onset of emotion dysregulation. We then present evidence about pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions aiming at improving emotion dysregulation and promoting emotion regulation across the lifespan. Although our review was not intended as a traditional systematic review, and the search was only restricted to systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we highlighted important implications and provided recommendations for clinical practice and future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Easdale-Cheele
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.E.-C.); (V.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Valeria Parlatini
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.E.-C.); (V.P.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton SO19 8BR, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.E.-C.); (V.P.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton SO19 8BR, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY 11042, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Bellato
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.E.-C.); (V.P.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
- Mind and Neurodevelopment (MiND) Interdisciplinary Cluster, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
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12
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Thomson A, Lawrence EG, Oliver BR, Wright B, Hosang GM. Self-directed digital interventions for the improvement of emotion regulation-effectiveness for mental health and functioning in adolescents: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081556. [PMID: 38658015 PMCID: PMC11043735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research suggests that problems with emotion regulation, that is, how a person manages and responds to an emotional experience, are related to a range of psychological disorders (eg, bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression). Interventions targeting emotion regulation have been shown to improve mental health in adults, but evidence on related interventions for adolescents is still emerging. Increasingly, self-directed digital interventions (eg, mobile apps) are being developed to target emotion regulation in this population, but questions remain about their effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on current self-directed digital interventions available to adolescents (aged 11-18 years) and their effectiveness in addressing emotion regulation, psychopathology and functioning (eg, academic achievement). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Several electronic databases will be searched (eg, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library) to identify all studies published any time after January 2010 examining self-directed digital interventions for adolescents, which include an emotion regulation component. This search will be updated periodically to identify any new relevant research from the selected databases. Data on the study characteristics (eg, author(s)) and methodology, participant characteristics (eg, age) and the digital interventions used to address emotion (dys-)regulation (eg, name, focus) will be extracted. A narrative synthesis of all studies will be presented. If feasible, the effectiveness data will be synthesised using appropriate statistical techniques. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated widely via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences related to this field. REGISTRATION DETAILS PROSPERO CRD42022385547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Thomson
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Erin G Lawrence
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bonamy R Oliver
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Wright
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- City University of London, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Oliveira J, Pedras S, Inman RA, Ramalho SM. Latent profiles of emotion regulation among university students: links to repetitive negative thinking, internet addiction, and subjective wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1272643. [PMID: 38659673 PMCID: PMC11040100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1272643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a deterioration in the mental health of university students and notable surge in the need for psychological support. Due to its links to psychopathology and high-risk behaviors, difficulty in emotion regulation frequently serves as a transdiagnostic dimension. This cross-sectional study used a person-centered analytical approach (latent profile analysis; LPA) to identify groups of Portuguese university students with similar profiles of emotion regulation difficulties (N = 261; Mage = 22.5 ± 1.2 years; n = 213 female) and describe how these groups differ in their presentation of repetitive negative thinking, internet addiction, and subjective wellbeing. The analyses identified four latent profiles: 14.5% of students showed global dysregulation (the Low Emotion Regulation Profile), 23% were moderately dysregulated with elevated problems in goal-directed behavior (the Moderate Emotion Regulation Profile), 8% showed specific difficulties with low emotional awareness and clarity (the Low Insight Profile), and 54.4% showed adaptive emotion regulation (the High Emotion Regulation Profile). As anticipated, the Low Emotion Regulation Profile had the lowest subjective wellbeing and the highest prevalence of repetitive negative thinking and internet addiction. Students with a Low Insight Profile also showed low subjective wellbeing, but less repetitive negative thinking compared to the Low Emotion Regulation Profile. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving health and wellbeing among university students should consider each student's unique set of emotion regulation difficulties, rather than focusing on particular strategies. Further research may help determine whether emotion regulation profiles can serve as predictive indicators of varying mental health trajectories and subjective wellbeing in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Development Research Center], Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Sells RC, Liversedge SP, Chronaki G. Vocal emotion recognition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:23-43. [PMID: 37715528 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
There is debate within the literature as to whether emotion dysregulation (ED) in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects deviant attentional mechanisms or atypical perceptual emotion processing. Previous reviews have reliably examined the nature of facial, but not vocal, emotion recognition accuracy in ADHD. The present meta-analysis quantified vocal emotion recognition (VER) accuracy scores in ADHD and controls using robust variance estimation, gathered from 21 published and unpublished papers. Additional moderator analyses were carried out to determine whether the nature of VER accuracy in ADHD varied depending on emotion type. Findings revealed a medium effect size for the presence of VER deficits in ADHD, and moderator analyses showed VER accuracy in ADHD did not differ due to emotion type. These results support the theories which implicate the role of attentional mechanisms in driving VER deficits in ADHD. However, there is insufficient data within the behavioural VER literature to support the presence of emotion processing atypicalities in ADHD. Future neuro-imaging research could explore the interaction between attention and emotion processing in ADHD, taking into consideration ADHD subtypes and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanna C Sells
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Simon P Liversedge
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Georgia Chronaki
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
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15
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Mansueto G, Jarach A, Caselli G, Ruggiero GM, Sassaroli S, Nikčević A, Spada MM, Palmieri S. A systematic review of the relationship between generic and specific metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation: A metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2961. [PMID: 38357852 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although a probable association between metacognitive beliefs (also termed 'metacognitions') and emotion dysregulation has been suggested in the literature, the evidence is still sparse and inconclusive. The current study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of the literature examining the association between metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, a search was conducted on PubMed and Ebsco. A manual search of reference lists was also run. Search terms were 'metacognitions/metacognitive beliefs/positive metacognitive beliefs/negative metacognitive beliefs/cognitive self-consciousness/beliefs about the need to control thoughts/cognitive confidence/negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger/AND difficulties emotion regulation/emotion dysregulation'. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. In both non-clinical and clinical populations, a higher endorsement of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs was found to be associated with emotion dysregulation and vice versa. A higher endorsement of metacognitive beliefs may be associated, either directly or via maladaptive forms of mental control (e.g., worry, rumination and suppression) to emotion dysregulation. Metacognitive beliefs could be the potential therapeutic target in clinical interventions aimed at reducing emotion regulation difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | | | - Gabriele Caselli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Studies, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Studies, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Sassaroli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Studies, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University, London, UK
| | | | - Sara Palmieri
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- Cognitive Studies, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, Milan, Italy
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16
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Oliva V, De Prisco M, Fico G, Possidente C, Fortea L, Montejo L, Anmella G, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Grande I, Murru A, Fornaro M, de Bartolomeis A, Dodd A, Fanelli G, Fabbri C, Serretti A, Vieta E, Radua J. Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:472-490. [PMID: 37740499 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by difficulties regulating intense emotions. People with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely to show ED and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than adaptive ones. However, little is known about whether ED in BD is a trait or it is rather an epiphenomenon of mood symptoms. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence across major literature databases reporting correlations between measures of emotion regulation (overall ED and different emotion regulation strategies) and measures of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms in BD from inception until April 12th, 2022. RESULTS Fourteen studies involving 1371 individuals with BD were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 reported quantitative information and were included in the meta-analysis. ED and maladaptive strategies were significantly higher during periods with more severe mood symptoms, especially depressive ones, while adaptive strategies were lower. CONCLUSION ED significantly correlates with BD symptomatology, and it mainly occurs during mood alterations. ED may be a target for specific psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments, according to precision psychiatry. However, further studies are needed, including patients with mood episodes and longitudinal design, to provide more robust evidence and explore the causal direction of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Oliva
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Possidente
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montejo
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Murru
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alyson Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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De Prisco M, Oliva V, Fico G, Radua J, Grande I, Roberto N, Anmella G, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Fornaro M, de Bartolomeis A, Serretti A, Vieta E, Murru A. Emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder compared to other mental illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7484-7503. [PMID: 37842774 PMCID: PMC10951413 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a transdiagnostic construct, and it is unclear whether it manifests itself similarly in other conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD), or has specific features in BD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis explored ED and adopted emotion regulation (ER) strategies in BD compared with other psychiatric conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to April 28th, 2022. Studies implementing validated instruments assessing ED or ER strategies in BD and other psychiatric disorders were reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies yielding multiple comparisons were included. BD was compared to MDD in 20 studies (n = 2451), to BPD in six studies (n = 1001), to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in three studies (n = 232), to anxiety disorders in two studies (n = 320), to schizophrenia in one study (n = 223), and to post-traumatic stress disorder in one study (n = 31). BD patients did not differ from MDD patients in adopting most adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. However, small-to-moderate differences in positive rumination and risk-taking behaviors were observed. In contrast, patients with BPD presented an overall higher degree of ED and more maladaptive ER strategies. There were insufficient data for a meta-analytic comparison with other psychiatric disorders. The present report further supports the idea that ED is a transdiagnostic construct spanning a continuum across different psychiatric disorders, outlining specific clinical features that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Prisco
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iria Grande
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Murru
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Lin S, Tan L, Chen X, Liao Z, Li Y, Tang Y, Shi Y, Hao J, Wang X, Huang Q, Shen H. Emotion dysregulation and Internet gaming disorder in young people: Mediating effects of negative affect and metacognitions. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:104-111. [PMID: 37597784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and metacognitions about online gaming are risk factors for Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, few studies investigated the mechanisms underlying these interactions. The present study aimed to explore the relationships between emotion dysregulation and IGD, and the mediating effects of negative affect and metacognitions about online gaming. METHODS An online survey was conducted with young people (aged 10-24 years) who played video games. 1768 participants were included in this study. Observed variables, including emotion dysregulation, IGD, depression, anxiety, and metacognitions, were measured with self-report scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among the variables. RESULTS The results showed that emotion dysregulation positively predicted IGD through a fully mediated model which included the independent mediating effects of negative affect and metacognitions about online gaming and their sequential mediating effect. The model explained 76.1 % of the variance in IGD. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study which could not infer causality. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes that negative affect and metacognitions about online gaming mediate the effect of emotion dysregulation on IGD; moreover, metacognition may be a proximal factor of IGD. Thus, improving emotional regulation and modifying maladaptive metacognitions in young people may improve the prevention and treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linxiang Tan
- School of Marxism, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyue Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuhao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Freitag GF, Grassie HL, Jeong A, Mallidi A, Comer JS, Ehrenreich-May J, Brotman MA. Systematic Review: Questionnaire-Based Measurement of Emotion Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:728-763. [PMID: 36529182 PMCID: PMC10267293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion dysregulation, understood as a critical transdiagnostic factor in the etiology and maintenance of psychopathology, is among the most common reasons youth are referred for psychiatric care. The present systematic review examined 2 decades of questionnaires used to assess emotion (dys)regulation in youth. METHOD Using "emotion (dys)regulation," PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for empirical, peer-reviewed journal studies published before May 2021 in clinical and/or nonclinical youth. A total of 510 studies met selection criteria and were included. RESULTS Across the literature, 115 distinct self-, parent-, or other informant-reported measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in cross-sectional (67.1%), longitudinal (22.4%), intervention (9.0%), and mixed design (1.6%) studies. Out of 115 different questionnaires, a subset of 5 measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in most of the literature (ie, 59.6% of studies). Moreover, reviewed studies examined emotion (dys)regulation in more than 20 distinct clinical groups, further supporting emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic construct. CONCLUSION Numerous themes emerged. Broadly, measures differed in their ability to capture internal vs external components of emotion dysregulation, the use of adaptive vs maladaptive responses, and subjective experiences more broadly vs particular affective states. These findings serve to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting appropriate measurement tools for assessing specific domains of child and adolescent emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Jeong
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ajitha Mallidi
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Melissa A Brotman
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Barrett EN, Frey BN, Streiner DL, Agako A, Inness BE, Furtado M, Caropreso L, Green SM. Psychometric properties of the difficulties in emotion regulation Scale in a perinatal sample. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37342964 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2227648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in five pregnant and postpartum individuals experience an anxiety, depressive, and/or trauma-related disorder. Emotion dysregulation (ED) underlies the development and maintenance of various mental health disorders. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is the most comprehensive and commonly used measure of emotion dysregulation, yet limited evidence supports its use in the perinatal population. The present study aims to evaluate the validity of the DERS and its six subscales in a perinatal sample and to assess its predictive utility in identifying perinatal individuals with a disorder characterised by emotion dysregulation. METHODS Pregnant and postpartum individuals (N = 237) completed a diagnostic clinical interview and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. RESULTS The DERS subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity, as it strongly correlated with measures of anxiety and depression and failed to correlate with a measure of perceived social support. Results from an exploratory factor analysis supported a 6-factor solution, suggesting structural validity. An ROC analysis revealed good to excellent discriminative ability for the DERS full scale and four of the subscales. Finally, an optimal clinical cut-off score of 87 or greater was established with a sensitivity of 81% for detecting a current anxiety, depressive, and/or trauma-related disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the validity and clinical utility of the DERS in a treatment-seeking and community sample of pregnant and postpartum individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David L Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arela Agako
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Briar E Inness
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa Furtado
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Luisa Caropreso
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sheryl M Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
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21
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Ando' A, Passariello G, Zennaro A. From the need to the knowledge. Feeding emotions and thoughts: Assessing emotion regulation strategies in food tribes. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:212-229. [PMID: 36210528 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Some people choose to follow a certain dietary habit because they are guided by strong beliefs, but also to pursue a healthy lifestyle. Food tribes are defined as social groups sharing common values and beliefs that underlie food and lifestyle choices. The current study aimed to investigate potential differences in emotion regulation between specific food tribes, and when comparing food tribes to people who conversely do not follow a dietary habit. Specifically, we examined the presence of rumination, psychological inflexibility, and emotional contagion as components of emotion dysregulation. A Google form was developed to obtain all the information needed to respond to our research questions and goals, and investigate the following food groups: Veganism, Fruitarianism, Raw Food Diet, Paleodiet, Blood Type group, Breatharianism, Macrobiotic Diet, and Other. The final sample consisted of 378 healthy subjects (117 males, 258 females, 3 other) ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The first part of Google form consisted of general questions about the participant's dietary habits while the second part included specific questionnaires assessing the psychological constructs we investigated. Vegan people were less conditioned by others in their food choices when compared to the other food tribes. The Paleodiet group associated its food choice with health reasons as well as the Blood Type group. Differences were found in the presence of cognitive inflexibility and rumination, reflective thinking, emotional dysregulation, emotional contagion and also in the representation of their real and ideal (food) communities. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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22
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Penner AE, McRae K, Gowin JL. Emotion regulation in young adults with family history of harmful alcohol use: A fMRI study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109752. [PMID: 36610254 PMCID: PMC9875721 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive reappraisal. Family history of harmful alcohol use increases risk of substance use disorders, but no studies have examined whether family history is associated with altered neural activation during cognitive reappraisal relative to passive viewing of negative images in a sample of young adults without current substance use disorders. METHODS Participants (N = 75 with positive [n = 31] or negative [n = 44] family histories of harmful alcohol use) completed the emotion regulation task during an MRI scan, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess use of emotion regulation and suppression strategies. Whole-brain analyses and amygdala region of interest analyses using linear mixed-effects models assessed family history group and cue effects on neural activation during the task. RESULTS The groups did not differ on trait reappraisal, suppression, or negative emotion following reappraisal. In general, group effects in whole-brain and amygdala activation during the cognitive reappraisal contrast indicated small effect sizes (2.2% of voxels had d>0.20) that were not significantly different. Participants with positive family histories engaged the right middle and superior frontal gyri to a greater extent than participants with negative family histories during the decrease-negative cue (t = 4.14, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS For at-risk young adults without current harmful substance use, family history of harmful alcohol use does not appear to be associated with disrupted emotion regulation when instructed to apply cognitive reappraisal. Reappraisal may be a feasible therapeutic target for those who develop a substance use disorder with associated emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Kirk-Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Anne E Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Kateri McRae
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155S. Race Street, Denver, CO 80208, United States.
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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23
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Stellern J, Xiao KB, Grennell E, Sanches M, Gowin JL, Sloan ME. Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2023; 118:30-47. [PMID: 35851975 PMCID: PMC10087816 DOI: 10.1111/add.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ability to regulate emotions effectively has been associated with resilience to psychopathology. Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been shown to have higher levels of negative emotionality, with some evidence suggesting impairment in emotion regulation compared with individuals without SUDs. However, no previous attempt has been made to systematically review the literature to assess the magnitude of this difference. We aimed to assess the association between SUD diagnosis and emotion regulation as measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing findings. METHODS The systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase. We examined cross-sectional studies that compared a SUD group with a control group and measured emotion regulation using the DERS or the ERQ. The primary analysis focused on papers using the DERS, as this was the predominant instrument in the literature. RESULTS Twenty-two studies met our primary analysis criteria, representing 1936 individuals with a SUD and 1567 controls. Individuals with SUDs relative to controls had significantly greater DERS scores, with a mean difference of 21.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.49-26.40, P < 0.001] and Hedges' g = 1.05 (95% CI = 0.86-1.24, P < 0.001). The difference was robust, remaining significant after removing outliers and studies with high risk of bias. Individuals with SUDs demonstrated poorer emotion regulation on each subscale of the DERS, with the largest deficits in the Strategies and Impulse subscales. The ERQ analysis revealed greater use of expressive suppression in those with SUDs relative to controls (Hedges' g = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.25-1.28, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS People with substance use disorders appear to have greater difficulties in emotion regulation than people without substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Stellern
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ke Bin Xiao
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Grennell
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Panero M, Longo P, De Bacco C, Abbate-Daga G, Martini M. Shame, Guilt, and Self-Consciousness in Anorexia Nervosa. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226683. [PMID: 36431160 PMCID: PMC9694537 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the role of self-conscious emotions (SCE) such as shame and guilt in eating disorders (ED) has been systematically studied only in recent years, but it is still debated. This study aims to investigate the role of SCE in anorexia nervosa (AN), evaluating the role of self-consciousness. METHODS fifty-five individuals with AN and seventy-four healthy controls (HC) were enrolled and completed a battery of tests evaluating the proneness to feel shame and guilt, as well as comparing self-consciousness, eating, and general psychopathology. RESULTS individuals with AN showed a higher proneness to shame. Shame was correlated with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, which are core symptoms in AN, after controlling for scores of depression and anxiety. Proneness to guilt seemed to be less correlated with eating and body symptomatology, but it appeared to have a negative correlation with binge-purging symptoms. Furthermore, proneness to shame was independent of guilt or self-consciousness and the two groups did not differ regarding public and private self-consciousness. CONCLUSIONS shame is an important and independent factor in AN. Future research may offer progress in the development of shame-focused therapies.
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25
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De Prisco M, Oliva V, Fico G, Fornaro M, de Bartolomeis A, Serretti A, Vieta E, Murru A. Defining clinical characteristics of emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Mansueto G, Marino C, Palmieri S, Offredi A, Sarracino D, Sassaroli S, Ruggiero GM, Spada MM, Caselli G. Difficulties in emotion regulation: The role of repetitive negative thinking and metacognitive beliefs. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:473-483. [PMID: 35460736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model as a basis, this study explored whether, in both general population and clinical samples, metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking (i.e., rumination and worry) are associated with higher levels of emotion dysregulation. METHODS 395 participants from the general population and 388 outpatients seeking psychological treatment were recruited. Emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, rumination, worry, anxiety, depression, personality disorders were assessed. ANOVA and Welch's tests, correlation and path analyses were run. RESULTS Repetitive negative thinking was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation in both general population and clinical samples. Moreover, metacognitive beliefs were found to be directly associated to emotion dysregulation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Emotion dysregulation appears to be associated with the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking and metacognitive beliefs. Repetitive negative thinking and metacognitive beliefs could be a suitable therapeutic target to reduce difficulties in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Marino
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, SE1 0AA London, UK; Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Palmieri
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, SE1 0AA London, UK; Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Foro Buonaparte 57, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Offredi
- Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Foro Buonaparte 57, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Sarracino
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Sassaroli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Foro Buonaparte 57, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Ricerca, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Foro Buonaparte 57, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, SE1 0AA London, UK
| | - Gabriele Caselli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Foro Buonaparte 57, 20121 Milan, Italy
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Remmert N, Schmidt KMB, Mussel P, Hagel ML, Eid M. The Berlin Misophonia Questionnaire Revised (BMQ-R): Development and validation of a symptom-oriented diagnostical instrument for the measurement of misophonia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269428. [PMID: 35727794 PMCID: PMC9212156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Misophonia is a clinical syndrome which is characterized by intense emotional and physical reactions to idiosyncratic sounds. However, its psychometric measurement is still in the early stages. This study describes the optimization of a self-report instrument, the Berlin Misophonia Questionnaire (BMQ), and addresses its strengths in comparison to existing psychometric measures. This new measure integrates contemporary empirical findings and is based on the latest criteria of misophonia. A cross-sectional online study was conducted using data of 952 affected as well as non-affected individuals. The final BMQ-R consists of 77 items in 21 scales, which were selected using a probabilistic item selection algorithm (Ant Colony Optimization). The results of confirmatory factor analyses, the assessment of reliability, and an extensive construct validation procedure supported the reliability and validity of the developed scales. One outstanding strength of the BMQ-R is its comprehensive measurement of misophonic emotional and physical responses. The instrument further allows for distinguishing between behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dysregulation; the measurement of clinical insight and significance; as well as discerning reactive and anticipating avoidance strategies. Our work offers several improvements to the measurement of misophonia by providing a reliable and valid multidimensional diagnostical instrument. In line with the scientific consensus on defining misophonia, the BMQ-R allows to formally recognize individuals with misophonia and so to compare findings of future studies. Undoubtedly, this measure fills a research gap, which we hope will facilitate the investigation of causes and treatment of misophonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Remmert
- Department of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Patrick Mussel
- Department of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Eid
- Department of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Guerrini Usubini A, Terrone G, Varallo G, Cattivelli R, Plazzi G, Castelnuovo G, Schimmenti A, Musetti A, Franceschini C. The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Problematic Internet Use in the Relationship Between Negative Affect and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Structural Equation Model. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:291-302. [PMID: 35237080 PMCID: PMC8885123 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s346485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and problematic Internet use in the relationship between negative affect and excessive daytime sleepiness. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 664 Italian adults aged between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.13; SD = 11.71). Participants were asked to complete the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Compulsive Internet Use Scale-7, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess negative affect, emotion dysregulation, problematic internet use, and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively. RESULTS According to our results there are significant associations between negative affect, emotion dysregulation, problematic Internet use, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the structural equation model showed good fit indices. Emotion dysregulation and problematic Internet use partially mediated the relationship between negative mood and excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION By exploring the role of emotion dysregulation on the association between excessive daytime sleepiness and its possible predictors, our study might represent an important step toward the implementation of psychological intervention for reducing excessive daytime sleepiness. Emotion dysregulation appears to play a significant role in explaining the relationship between negative affect, problematic Internet use, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Thus, it should be considered a treatment target for reducing excessive daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Terrone
- Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Varallo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB), Bologna, 40139, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE—Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Ali M, Tasnim Z, Ahsan G. Internet addiction predicted insomnia among bangladeshi undergraduate students at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. HEART AND MIND 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_66_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khodadadifar T, Soltaninejad Z, Ebneabbasi A, Eickhoff CR, Sorg C, Van Eimeren T, Vogeley K, Zarei M, Eickhoff SB, Tahmasian M. In search of convergent regional brain abnormality in cognitive emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic neuroimaging meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1309-1325. [PMID: 34826162 PMCID: PMC8837597 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ineffective use of adaptive cognitive strategies (e.g., reappraisal) to regulate emotional states is often reported in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, suggesting a common characteristic across different diagnostic categories. However, the extent of shared neurobiological impairments is incompletely understood. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the transdiagnostic neural signature of disturbed reappraisal using the coordinate‐based meta‐analysis (CBMA) approach. Following the best‐practice guidelines for conducting neuroimaging meta‐analyses, we systematically searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases and tracked the references. Out of 1,608 identified publications, 32 whole‐brain neuroimaging studies were retrieved that compared brain activation in patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls during a reappraisal task. Then, the reported peak coordinates of group comparisons were extracted and several activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses were performed at three hierarchical levels to identify the potential spatial convergence: the global level (i.e., the pooled analysis and the analyses of increased/decreased activations), the experimental‐contrast level (i.e., the analyses of grouped data based on the regulation goal, stimulus valence, and instruction rule) and the disorder‐group level (i.e., the analyses across the experimental‐contrast level focused on increasing homogeneity of disorders). Surprisingly, none of our analyses provided significant convergent findings. This CBMA indicates a lack of transdiagnostic convergent regional abnormality related to reappraisal task, probably due to the complex nature of cognitive emotion regulation, heterogeneity of clinical populations, and/or experimental and statistical flexibility of individual studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Khodadadifar
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltaninejad
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Cognitive and Brain Science Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ebneabbasi
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and functional organization of the brain (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo Van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Guo P, Wang M, Cheng C, Chen H. Psychopathic dispositions and emotion dysregulation: A dual-disposition model perspective. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:1170-1183. [PMID: 34735716 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Dual-Disposition Model proposes to understand psychopathy through two dispositions (i.e., threat sensitivity and poor inhibitory control) with distinct etiological substrates. In the current study, we examined the predictive contributions of threat sensitivity, poor inhibitory control, and their interaction to emotion dysregulation in 694 Chinese undergraduates based on the Disinhibition subscale of Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Behavioral Inhibition System Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Our results suggested that two dispositions have independent contributions to emotion dysregulation. Additionally, interactive effects of two dispositions were found for emotion awareness, impulse control, emotional acceptance, and limited emotion regulation strategies when upset. These provide evidence that deficits associated with poor inhibitory control can be selectively suppressed by low threat sensitivity or exacerbated by high threat sensitivity. Training individuals with high psychopathic dispositions to focus on their emotional state might be able to enhance their ability of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Guo
- Tianjin University School of Education, Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Tianjin University School of Education, Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Tianjin University School of Education, Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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32
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Dysphoria and Irritability-Diagnostic Pitfalls in the Assessment of Interictal Dysphoric Disorder in Epilepsy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194624. [PMID: 34640642 PMCID: PMC8509667 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the concept of epilepsy-specific psychiatric disturbance, Interictal Dysphoric Disorder (IDD), focusing on issues related to its core symptoms and methodological pitfalls. In the psychiatric literature, an epilepsy-specific pleomorphic mood disorder has been long recognized and described as IDD, a condition characterized by eight symptoms, which are grouped into four labile depressive symptoms, two labile affective symptoms, and two specific symptoms. The existence of IDD is still a matter of debate because of several methodological issues. The main features of IDD, such as dysphoria and irritability, lack precise and clear definition. This review article explores the different definitions and approaches towards both terms described in the psychiatric literature and the rationale for modifying the diagnostic process of IDD.
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Sörman K, Garke MÅ, Isacsson NH, Jangard S, Bjureberg J, Hellner C, Sinha R, Jayaram-Lindström N. Measures of emotion regulation: Convergence and psychometric properties of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and emotion regulation questionnaire. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:201-217. [PMID: 34217149 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating unique and shared aspects of measures of emotion regulation (ER) advances our understanding of ER as a multidimensional construct. This study aimed to investigate psychometric properties of three ER-measures: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36), the abbreviated version DERS-16, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). METHODS In a community sample (N = 843; 56% females) we investigated their internal consistency, factor structure, convergence, and association with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and substance abuse. RESULTS The proposed factor structures of the DERS-16 and the ERQ demonstrated an adequate fit. There were moderate correlations between the two DERS versions (36 and 16) and ERQ subscales Reappraisal and Suppression. Total scores of DERS-36 and DERS-16 demonstrated preferential associations with depression and anxiety. Corresponding associations between ERQ subscales and psychiatric symptoms were weak. CONCLUSION The results indicate that DERS-16 could be useful as an alternative, easily administered measure of ER difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sörman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Å Garke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils H Isacsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Jangard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lanfredi M, Macis A, Ferrari C, Meloni S, Pedrini L, Ridolfi ME, Zonca V, Cattane N, Cattaneo A, Rossi R. Maladaptive behaviours in adolescence and their associations with personality traits, emotion dysregulation and other clinical features in a sample of Italian students: a cross-sectional study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:14. [PMID: 33941285 PMCID: PMC8094601 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion Dysregulation (ED), childhood trauma and personality are linked to the occurrence of maladaptive behaviours in adolescence which, in turn, may be related to increased risk for psychopathology in the life course. We sought to explore the relationship among the occurrence of different clusters of maladaptive behaviours and ED, clinical features (i.e. impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety, depressive symptoms) and personality traits that have been found to be associated to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), in a sample of 179 adolescent students. METHODS Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was applied to detect clustered types of maladaptive behaviours and groups of students were defined as individuals engaging in these clustered behaviours (non-suicidal self-injury-NSSI, binge eating, binge drinking, cannabis use, and sexual risk behaviours). Logistic models were used to evaluate the association among clinical scales, and student groups. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate whether clinical features affected the association between personality traits and student groups. RESULTS MCA analysis allowed to identify three student groups: NSSI/binge eating (NSSI-BE) behaviours, other maladaptive behaviours and "none". Higher scores in ED, impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms increased the risk of belonging to the cluster of NSSI-BE behaviours compared to the other two groups. ED, depression and anxiety symptoms were found to be mediators of the relationship between specific personality traits, mainly pertaining to the negative affectivity construct, and NSSI/BE. CONCLUSIONS Individuals engaging in NSSI-BE behaviours represent a vulnerable adolescent population. ED, depression and anxiety were mediators of the relationship between a variety of personality traits related to BPD and NSSI and binge eating behaviours. Findings have important clinical implications in terms of prevention and interventions among adolescents engaging in self-damaging behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ambra Macis
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Meloni
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Zonca
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, I-25125, Brescia, Italy
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Gioia F, Rega V, Boursier V. Problematic Internet Use and Emotional Dysregulation Among Young People: A Literature Review. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:41-54. [PMID: 34909019 PMCID: PMC8629046 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years scientific interest in Internet use disorders, especially among young people, has grown dramatically. Within this contemporary research field, difficulties in regulating emotions have been increasingly explored in association with problematic Internet use (PIU). Indeed, individuals who experience difficulties in emotion regulation might be more exposed to the risk of developing PIU. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the literature from the last ten years focused on the relationship between young people's emotional dysregulation and PIU, taking into account the main variables involved in this relationship and possible gender-related differences. METHOD This review included studies published between 2010 and 2020 that were indexed in major databases with the following keywords: emotion regulation, problematic Internet use, Internet addiction, social network addiction, and social media addiction. In the selection process of the studies, close attention was paid for the mean age of the involved samples that had to range between 13 and 25 years. RESULTS A total of 23 studies satisfied the initial inclusion criteria and were included in the present literature review. Several reviewed studies found a strong association between emotion dysregulation and both PIU and problematic social networking with controversial gender-based findings. Furthermore, the relationships among emotional dysregulation, PIU, attachment styles, and metacognitions were largely explored. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present review showed that problematic Internet use might represent a coping strategy to compensate for emotional regulation deficits. The lack of social support and the lack of a good parent-adolescent relationship seem to negatively affect emotional regulation abilities, which in turn increase the risk of developing PIU. Moreover, good metacognitive abilities might represent a protective factor towards emotional dysregulation and PIU. Finally, males with emotional dysregulation are likely to be more problematically engaged in Internet use than females. These results might have important practical implications to implement health prevention/promotion programs, emotion regulation-based training programmes and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gioia
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 1 - 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Rega
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 1 - 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Boursier
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 1 - 80133 Naples, Italy
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36
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Prikhidko A, Su Y, Houseknecht A, Swank JM. Emotion Regulation for Counselors‐in‐Training: A Grounded Theory. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Prikhidko
- Department of Counseling, Recreation, and School PsychologyFlorida International University
| | - Yi‐Wen Su
- Department of Counselor EducationPortland State University
| | - Alisa Houseknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South Florida
| | - Jacqueline M. Swank
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in EducationUniversity of Florida
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though moderate exercise has numerous health benefits, some individuals may become excessively preoccupied with exercise, endorsing features akin to "addiction." The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between problematic exercise (viewed dimensionally), quality of life, and psychological measures. METHODS Young adults were recruited from an established population-based cohort in the United Kingdom and completed an online survey. The factor structure of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) was characterized. Relationships between dimensional EAI factor scores and other variables (impulsivity, compulsivity, emotional dysregulation) were elicited. RESULTS Six hundred and forty-two individuals took part in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 64.7% female). The EAI yielded two factors - a "general factor" and a "relationship conflict factor." Both EAI factor scores were associated with disordered eating, impulsivity (UPPS), and compulsivity (CHI-T). Only the relationship conflict factor score was significantly associated with impaired quality of life (all domains) and with maladaptive personality traits (emotional dysregulation and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits). Few participants met conventional threshold for full exercise addiction (1.1%). CONCLUSION Higher problematic exercise scores, in a sample largely free from exercise addiction, were associated with impulsive and compulsive personality features, emotional dysregulation, and disordered eating. Further research is needed to examine whether these results generalize to other populations (such as gym attendees) and are evident using more rigorous in-person clinical assessment rather than online assessment. Longitudinal research is needed to examine both positive and negative impacts of exercise, since moderate exercise may, in fact, be useful for those with impulsive/compulsive tendencies, by dampening negative emotional states or substituting for other more damaging types of repetitive habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA
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Factor Structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Treatment Seeking Adults with Eating Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is extensively used as a measure of emotion (dys-)regulation ability in both clinical and nonclinical populations. This is the first study to examine the factor structure of both the original 36-item and short 16-item version of the DERS in adults with eating disorders and to test measurement invariance across diagnostic subgroups. The factor structure of the scale was examined using confirmatory factor analysis in a psychiatric sample of adults with eating disorders (N = 857). Four primary factor structures were fitted to the data: (1) a unidimensional model, (2) a six-factor correlated-traits model, (3) a higher-order factor solution, and (4) a bifactor model. Measurement invariance was tested for diagnostic subgroups of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and associations between factors and eating pathology were examined in each diagnostic group. Results indicated that a modified bifactor solution fitted the data adequately for both the 36-item and 16-item version of the DERS. A general factor explained most of the variance (86%) and reliability was high for the general factor of DERS (total) but lower for the subscales. Measurement invariance of the bifactor model was supported across diagnostic subgroups and test of factor means reveled that bulimia nervosa had a higher factor mean than anorexia nervosa on the general factor. The general factor accounted for a significant proportion of variance in eating pathology. Our results support the use of the total scale of both the 36-item and 16-item version among adults with eating disorders.
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Schultheis AM, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJ. Associations Between Emotion Regulation and Parental Reflective Functioning. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:1094-1104. [PMID: 31156323 PMCID: PMC6538273 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation encapsulates the capability to successfully manage an ongoing emotional experience, particularly in social interactions, and thus may be especially significant to early parent-child relationships. In particular, the capacity to adjust emotions may support parental mentalization and reflective functioning - how parents think about their own and their child's mental states and how these mental states effect behavior. To examine this issue, we investigated the association between emotion regulation, emotion dysregulation, and parental reflective functioning in a maternal sample (N=97). We found that mothers with higher tendencies to suppress their emotions and who had more difficulties with emotion regulation engaged in greater levels of pre-mentalizing (i.e., a non-mentalizing mode). Mothers with poorer emotional awareness also evidenced less interest and curiosity in their child's mental states. Finally, mothers who reported greater difficulty setting goals also evidenced a reduced capacity to recognize that their infant's mental states are not directly observable. Taken together, our findings support the relationship between different aspects of emotion regulation and maternal reflective functioning, suggesting that emotion regulation should be integrated in empirical and intervention work that targets maternal mentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Blasi MD, Giardina A, Giordano C, Coco GL, Tosto C, Billieux J, Schimmenti A. Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: Evidence from a sample of MMORPG gamers. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:25-34. [PMID: 30739460 PMCID: PMC7044601 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive relationship between problematic gaming and escapism motivation to play video games has been well established, suggesting that problematic gaming may result from attempts to deal with negative emotions. However, to date, no study has examined how emotion dysregulation affects both escapism motives and problematic gaming patterns. METHODS Difficulties in emotion regulation, escapism, and problematic involvement with video games were assessed in a sample of 390 World of Warcraft players. A structural equation modeling framework was used to test the hypothesis that escapism mediates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and problematic gaming. RESULTS Statistical analyses showed that difficulties in emotion regulation predicted both escapism motives and problematic gaming, and that escapism partially mediated this relationship. CONCLUSION Our findings support the view that problematic players are likely to escape in online games as a maladaptive coping strategy for dealing with adverse emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Blasi
- Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giardina
- Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Giordano
- Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Crispino Tosto
- Istituto per le Tecnologie Didattiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Joel Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Laboratory, Institute for Health and Behaviours, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE – Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH. Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:133-150. [PMID: 29624671 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because emotional symptoms are common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and associate with much morbidity, some consider it to be a core feature rather than an associated trait. Others argue that emotional symptoms are too nonspecific for use as diagnostic criteria. This debate has been difficult to resolve due, in part, to the many terms used to describe emotional symptoms in ADHD and to concerns about overlap with mood disorders. METHODS We sought to clarify the nature of emotional symptoms in ADHD by reviewing conceptual and measurement issues and by examining the evidence base regarding specificity of such symptoms for ADHD. We reviewed the various terms used to define emotional symptoms in ADHD, clarify how these symptoms are demarcated from mood disorders, and assess the possibility that symptoms of emotional impulsivity and deficient emotional self-regulation should be considered as core symptoms. We addressed psychiatric comorbidities, the effects of ADHD treatments on associated emotional dysregulation, and the utility of current rating scales to assess emotional symptoms associated with ADHD. RESULTS Emotional symptoms are common and persistent in youth and adults with ADHD. Although emotional symptoms are common in other psychiatric disorders, emotional impulsivity (EI), and deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) may be sufficiently specific for ADHD to function as diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Emotional symptoms in ADHD cause clinically significant impairments. Although there is a solid theoretical rationale for considering EI and DESR to be core symptoms of ADHD, there is no consensus about how to define these constructs sin a manner that would be specific to the disorder. An instrument to measure EI and DESR which demarcates them from irritability and other emotional symptoms could improve the accuracy of diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Anthony L Rostain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Blader
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Betsy Busch
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Ann C Childress
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Daniel F Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Health Care, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Starcevic V, Khazaal Y. Editorial: Problematic Gaming, Personality, and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1004. [PMID: 32010002 PMCID: PMC6979487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Relational Aggressiveness in Adolescence: Relations With Emotional Awareness and Self-Control. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.v13i4.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement in relationally aggressive conduct is an important contributor to maladaptive functioning in both childhood and adulthood. Decreased emotional awareness and impairments of self-control are risk factors for relational aggressiveness, while emotional awareness can also be treated as an important prerequisite for proper self-control. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between dimensions of emotional awareness (attention to emotions and emotional clarity), self-control, and relational aggressiveness. Self-control was also examined as a mediating variable between emotional awareness and relational aggressiveness. Self-report measures of trait meta-mood, alexithymia, self-control, and relational aggressiveness were completed by 214 adolescents (129 females), aged 15–23. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors of emotional awareness: (1) inattention to emotions (reflecting low attention to emotions and externally oriented thinking) and (2) a lack of emotional clarity (reflecting difficulties in identifying emotion, difficulties in describing emotion, and low clarity of emotion). Self-control and mood repair ability inversely correlated with proactive and reactive relational aggressiveness, whereas the clarity component of the meta-mood trait only inversely predicted reactive relational aggressiveness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that direct relationships between inattention to emotions and relational aggressiveness, as well as between lack of emotional clarity and relational aggressiveness were non-significant. Nevertheless, a lack of emotional clarity was indirectly and significantly associated with relational aggressiveness through decreased self-control.
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