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Kudo M, Gao M, Hayashi M, Kobayashi Y, Yang J, Liu T. Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed obese rats and suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10307. [PMID: 38327997 PMCID: PMC10845893 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is closely associated with several chronic diseases, and adipose tissue plays a major role in modulating energy metabolism. Objective This study aimed to determine whether Mate, derived from I. paraguariensis A.St.-Hil., ameliorates lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Design 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 7 days, following which intracellular lipid accumulation and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related factors were examined. Dorsomorphin was used to investigate the potential pathways involved, particularly the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- dependent pathway. Mate was administered to rat HFD-fed obese SD models for 8 consecutive weeks. The expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in the organs and tissues collected from dissected SD rats was evaluated. Results Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), calmodulin kinase kinase (CaMKK), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), protein kinase A (PKA), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), insulin receptor b (IRβ), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) (Tyr465), and decreased those of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (Srebp1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and IRS1 (Ser1101). Furthermore, an AMPK inhibitor abolished the effects exerted by Mate on intracellular lipid accumulation and HSL and FAS expression levels. Mate treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum cholesterol levels in HFD-fed obese SD rats. Treatment with Mate increased the protein and gene expression levels of AMPK, PKA, Erk1/Erk2 (p44/p42), and uncoupling protein 1 and reduced those of mammalian target of rapamycin, S6 kinase, Srebp1c, ap2, FAS, Il6, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fabp4 in rat HFD-fed obese SD models. Discussion and conclusions Mate suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved lipid metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese SD rats via the activation of AMPK-dependent and insulin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kudo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Misa Hayashi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Jinwei Yang
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Andrade VMDM, de Moura AF, da Costa Chaves K, da Rocha CPD, de Andrade CBV, Trevenzoli IH, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Barcellos LC, Vaisman M, Salerno VP. Yerba mate consumption by ovariectomized rats alters white adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111881. [PMID: 36736880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause and post-menopause are characterized by low levels of estrogen that can be associated with the emergence of metabolic diseases. While hormone replacement therapy can alleviate many symptoms, it can also exacerbate other diseases such as breast cancer. In the search for natural alternatives, Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate) has been identified as a potential therapy for the onset of obesity. Here, the effect of MATE consumption on white adipose tissue (WAT) was studied in ovariectomized rats, an animal model for post-menopause hormone loss. METHODS Four groups of animals were used: ovariectomy with MATE (OVX MATE) and without MATE (OVX), as well as sham surgery with MATE (Sham MATE) and without MATE (Sham). MATE was provided by gavage at 1 g/kg of body weight for eight weeks before measuring biochemical parameters in plasma and characterizing WAT morphology. RESULTS The consumption of Yerba MATE significantly decreased weight gain in ovariectomized rats and presented near control levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL. A morphometric analysis of WAT showed a significant decrease in the area occupied by adipocytes in the group that consumed MATE. Finally, MATE consumption increased the UCP1 content in the WAT of the ovariectomized group. Yerba MATE treatment was also associated with higher levels of SIRT1 protein. CONCLUSION MATE consumption has a preventive effect on the weight gain observed in ovariectomized rats and potential benefits in naturally avoiding the onset of obesity post menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Machado de Mello Andrade
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Amanda Fernandes de Moura
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Katlen da Costa Chaves
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Cherley Borba Vieira de Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho/UFRJ, Brazil; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Cláudia Barcellos
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Mário Vaisman
- Departamento de Endocrinologia Médica, Hospital Universitário/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica Pinto Salerno
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
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Aziz MA, Millat MS, Akter T, Hossain MS, Islam MM, Mohsin S, Ansari F, Kabir A, Amin MN, Islam MS. A comprehensive review on clinically proven medicinal plants in the treatment of overweight and obesity, with mechanistic insights. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13493. [PMID: 36816319 PMCID: PMC9929289 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Obesity has become a global health issue, more precisely, a pandemic throughout the present world due to its high prevalence in the recent era. Increased risk of morbidity and mortality in obese patients can be attributed to its association with the development of different life-threatening conditions. Plants are considered one of the most important sources of bioactive molecules which are used against a wide range of health disorders. This systematic review explores the efficacy as well as the safety profile of commonly used medicinal plants in the management of obesity that may help people to maintain a healthy weight. Methods This review is based on comprehensive literature searches from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords- "plants in obesity", "plants used in weight reduction" or keywords that are similar to those. Medicinal plants which have been clinically proven for their anti-obesity effect have only been selected for this study and attempts to investigate beneficial effects and adverse effects along with their mechanism of action have also been taken in this review. Results A significant reduction of weight in both human and other animals are exhibited by the extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris, green coffee, Yerba Mate, green tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the combination of Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis. All of those plant extracts seemed to work on different physiological pathways and none of those extracts showed any notable adverse effects in human or animal models. Conclusion Our review suggests that the discussed medicinal plants are effective in reducing the weight of obese patients without causing notable adverse reactions. Although further study is necessary to confirm their exact molecular mechanism and safety in human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Mohsin
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Farzana Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Health Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Fioroto CKS, da Silva TBV, Castilho PA, Uber TM, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Seixas FAV, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Effects of Ilex paraguariensis beverages on in vivo triglyceride and starch absorption in mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abrão LDC, Costa-Silva DG, Santos MGD, Cerqueira MBR, Badiale-Furlong E, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Hort MA. Toxicity evaluation of traditional and organic yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) extracts. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:461-479. [PMID: 35189780 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2035873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is an important source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of different extracts obtained from either traditional or organic cultivated yerba mate in vitro and in vivo. Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained from commercial samples of yerba mate and total phenolic content was determined employing Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The aqueous extracts presented higher content of total phenols, compared to ethanolic and methanolic extracts, and also demonstrated lower cytotoxicity, which is the basis for testing were carried out only using aqueous extracts. The main phenolic acids found in traditional aqueous (TA) extract were chlorogenic, gallic and protocatechuic acids. Gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids were detected in aqueous cultivated organic (OA) extract. Pretreatment with OA extract (100 µg/ml, 1 hr) was cytoprotective against rotenone-induced toxicity (1 µM). For in vivo toxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to OA or TA extracts (10-160 µg/ml) at 4 hr post fertilization. TA extract decreased embryos survival in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the hatching rate at 40 µg/ml, increased edema frequency at 80 µg/ml and altered body curvature at 120 µg/ml. Further, TA extract produced locomotor disorders at concentrations equal to or greater than 10 µg/ml. In contrast, OA extract exhibited no apparent toxic effect on organogenesis and behavior up to 100 µg/ml. In summary, the OA cultivated extract showed the lowest cytotoxicity in vitro, enhanced reduction in rotenone-induced toxicity, and produced less toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared to the TA extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian da Costa Abrão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Dennis Guilherme Costa-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Michele Goulart Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Badiale-Furlong
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Muccillo-Baisch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Jampa M, Sutthanut K, Weerapreeyakul N, Tukummee W, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. Multiple Bioactivities of Manihot esculenta Leaves: UV Filter, Anti-Oxidation, Anti-Melanogenesis, Collagen Synthesis Enhancement, and Anti-Adipogenesis. Molecules 2022; 27:1556. [PMID: 35268656 PMCID: PMC8911860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cassava root is an important global agro-industrial crop that yields cassava leaf as a left-over co-product of interest for further development as a sustainable resource of health and cosmeceutical active compounds. This work aimed to investigate the cosmeceutical potential and chemical composition of an ethanolic cassava leaf extract (BM). rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were found to be major constituents via HPLC-DAD UV analysis. Interestingly, the multiple beneficial bioactivities of BM for cosmeceutical applications were manifested in a dose-dependent manner, including anti-oxidation in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, anti-melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, collagen synthesis enhancement in human fibroblasts, and anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the potential of the collagen synthesis enhancement of BM and rutin was significant when compared to ascorbic acid. Additionally, a UV filter property comparable to BEMT with characteristics of board spectral absorption and constant high absorptivity throughout all UV wavelength ranges was exhibited by UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. In conclusion, the cassava leaf was found to be a potential natural cosmeceutical active agent with multiple cosmeceutical-related bioactivities with respect to a substantial composition of bioactive flavonols. These obtained data will support and encourage the further study and development of cassava leaves as potential economic and sustainable sources of bioactive agents for health and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuschanok Jampa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Wipawee Tukummee
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suparporn Muchimapura
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Gawron-Gzella A, Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Yerba Mate-A Long but Current History. Nutrients 2021; 13:3706. [PMID: 34835962 PMCID: PMC8622869 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bearing in mind the growing interest in Yerba Mate, a comprehensive study has been prepared containing the most important aspects and possibilities of its use. The introduction of the work contains the species characteristics of Yerba Mate, as well as information about the origin and places of cultivation. The next part focuses on the analysis of the composition, pointing to purine alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and minerals as groups of active compounds responsible for the clinical activity of Yerba Mate. The review of the results of preclinical and clinical studies indicates activity in relation to the stimulating effect, reducing weight by stimulating lipolysis, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The information about the action of Yerba Mate is supplemented by the characteristics of its potential toxicity in terms of PAHs content (in particular benzo[α]pyrene) and preparation as a determinant of increased irritation. The current data on the effects of Yerba Mate and the wide safety margin of its use position this raw material as a valuable component of functional food. The growing frequency of consuming Yerba Mate, conditioned by the availability resulting from the globalization of the market and the information provided about it's the pro-health effects, will position Yerba Mate's popularity among wider population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 61-781 Poznan, Poland; (A.G.-G.); (J.C.-K.)
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Guru A, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Saraswathi NT, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Molecular mechanism of down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells by bioactive anti-adipogenic compounds. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:743-761. [PMID: 33275195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Podsędek A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Polka D, Sosnowska D. Effects of Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and lipase activity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Lobo RR, Vincenzi R, Rojas-Moreno DA, Lobo AAG, da Silva CM, Benetel-Junior V, Ghussn LR, Mufalo VC, Berndt A, Gallo SB, Pinheiro RSB, Bueno ICDS, Faciola AP. Inclusion of Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis) Extract in the Diet of Growing Lambs: Effects on Blood Parameters, Animal Performance, and Carcass Traits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060961. [PMID: 32492885 PMCID: PMC7341229 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant widely used for human consumption in Latin America, with important health benefits for people. However, limited knowledge on its effects on animal health and nutrition are available. In this study, we evaluated the inclusion of yerba mate extract at levels up to 4% of the dry matter in the diets of growing lambs and its effects on blood parameters, animal performance, body metrics and carcass traits. Yerba mate extract up to 2% of inclusion had positive effects on feed intake and animal performance; however, greater inclusion rates had negative effects on feed intake and animal performance. Supplementation of yerba mate extract up to 2% also increased white blood cells and globulins, which have been closely related to a better immune response in animals. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME), as a feed additive in the diets of growing lambs on serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices, animal performance, body metrics and carcass traits. Thirty-six entire (nine per treatment), male growing lambs, weighing 23.8 ± 3.7 kg, were fed the experimental diets which were treatments consisting of increasing levels of YME (0, 1, 2, and 4% inclusion on a dry matter [DM] basis) during an experimental period of 53 days. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, which initial body weight was used as blocking factor and the results were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts (linear, quadratic, and cubic). Yerba mate extract did not change the general health status of the animals; however, inclusions of up to 2% of the extract increased globulins (p = 0.05) and white blood cell count, as segmented neutrophils (p = 0.02) and lymphocytes (p = 0.04). Additionally, inclusion of up to 2% YME increased dry matter intake, final weight gain, total and daily gain (p < 0.05), also tended to increase ribeye area and reduce fat thickness (p < 0.10); however, YME above 2% of inclusion reduced animal productive parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, levels up to 2% of YME were beneficial to the health and productive parameters of growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Lobo
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-870-4317
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Danny A. Rojas-Moreno
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Annelise A. G. Lobo
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Caroline M. da Silva
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Vanderlei Benetel-Junior
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Laura R. Ghussn
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Vinícius C. Mufalo
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sarita B. Gallo
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Rafael S. B. Pinheiro
- College of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ives C. da S. Bueno
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.V.); (D.A.R.-M.); (A.A.G.L.); (C.M.d.S.); (V.B.-J.); (L.R.G.); (V.C.M.); (S.B.G.); (I.C.d.S.B.)
| | - Antonio P. Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
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Kim DS, Choi MH, Shin HJ. Extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves from different cultivation regions show both antioxidant and antiobesity activities. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13282. [PMID: 32436270 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is rich in nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and phytochemicals, and has been used as a traditional remedy. In this study, extracts of M. oleifera leaves from South Korea and Cambodia were evaluated for their antioxidant and antiobesity activities and for food and natural medicine use. The extracts were made using water and ethanol with leaves from South Korea and Cambodia, and then, the ethanol extracts were further fractionated with ethyl acetate. The antioxidant and antiobesity activities of fractionated ethanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. Although the expression of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation did not have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the M. oleifera leaf extracts, the expression of PPARγ, FAS, and ACC was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with the M. oleifera leaf extracts. This study shows that M. oleifera leaves from South Korea and Cambodia may be an effective candidate for antiobesity prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antioxidants and antiobesity factors are important for metabolic syndrome including obesity. Recently, natural antiobesity medication containing polyphenol ingredients has been developed to replace synthetic antiobesity medication, which has various side effects. This study evaluates the antioxidant and antiobesity activities of Moringa oleifera leaves from different cultivation regions. The leaves grow rapidly and leaf extracts contain a large amount of nutrients and phytochemicals, which enables commercial production of the leaves as natural antiobesity medications including functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Song Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) seed extracts attenuate adipogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ/ SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Properties from Canola Meal Extracts Inhibit Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010001. [PMID: 31861265 PMCID: PMC6982243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from canola meal produces functional health products and renders the canola meal a more digestible animal feed. The extracted phenolics may have novel bioactivity worth investigation. In this study, several solvents were evaluated for their ability to extract phenolic compounds from canola meal: water (WE) and various 80% organic solvent/water mixtures of methanol (ME), acetone (AE), ethanol (EE), butanol (BE), chloroform (CE) and hexane (HE). The in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of various extracts were investigated. Anti-obesity properties were studied using adipogenic differentiation inhibition of a murine mesenchymal stem cell line (C3H10T1/2) and a pancreatic lipase inhibition assay. AE, ME, and BE showed significant (p < 0.05) adipogenesis and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and may have more pharmacological properties. AE down-regulated the gene expression of the major adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), correlating to phenolic content in a dose-dependent manner. The chemical characterization of AE revealed the presence of sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol derivatives as main bioactive phenols.
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Choi JH, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Yeo SH, Kim S. Effects of Maclura tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur fruits and its phytophenolics on obesity-related enzymes. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13110. [PMID: 31792999 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether several phytophenolic ingredients isolated from Maclura tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur fruits inhibit the activity of obesity-related enzymes including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, phosphodiesterase IV, alkaline phosphatase, and citrate synthase, and the compounds play as an inhibitor against the target enzymes in kinetic studies. The enzyme assays indicated that the fruit extract and its phytophenolic compounds inhibited significantly the enzymatic activity of the five target enzymes. The kinetic studies demonstrated that the inhibitory properties of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HA), protocatechuic acid (PA), and isovanillic acid (IA) against pancreatic lipase, β-glucosidase, citrate synthase, or alkaline phosphatase. Our results suggested that the compounds detected from Maclura tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur fruit extract may regulate carbohydrate/lipid/energy metabolism by obesity-related enzymes' inhibition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The obesity-related metabolizing enzymes affect (in)directly the metabolites absorption on carbohydrate/lipid/energy metabolism. Accordingly, it is an important strategy to treat obesity through target pathways and enzymes which include the reduction in energy intake and consumption. In our results, Maclura tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur fruit extract and its phytophenolic compounds inhibited significantly the enzymatic activity of the five target enzymes, in particular, 4-HA, PA, and IA have each specific inhibition type on pancreatic lipase, β-glucosidase, citrate synthase, and alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, M. tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur fruit may be a strong candidate as a food material or therapeutic agent for obesity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Department of Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dongkang College, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Yeo
- Department of Agro-Food Resource, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Balsan G, Pellanda LC, Sausen G, Galarraga T, Zaffari D, Pontin B, Portal VL. Effect of yerba mate and green tea on paraoxonase and leptin levels in patients affected by overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr J 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30660196 PMCID: PMC6339368 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the intake of yerba mate (YM) and green tea (GT) on serum levels of leptin and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), compared to control. Methods Controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT) that evaluated 142 men and women affected by overweight or obesity aged 35–60 years, untreated dyslipidemia and no history of coronary artery disease. Participants were randomized to ingest 1000 mL GT, YM or apple tea (AT, control group) daily, during eight weeks. Serum PON-1 and leptin levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay at the beginning (baseline) and after eight weeks of intervention. Results The intake of 1 l of YM/day resulted in significant increase in serum levels of PON-1 (9.7%; p = 0.005). The consumption of GT induced no significant difference in the levels of PON-1 (p = 0.154) and leptin (p = 0.783). Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference (p = 0.036) in the variation of PON-1 levels in the YM group when compared to GT and AT groups. In addition, the increase in PON-1 levels in the YM group was significantly associated with increased HDL-c (p = 0.004). Conclusions The intake of yerba mate increased the antioxidant capacity by increasing serum levels of PON-1 and was positively associated with increased HDL-c, stressing the protective role of this beverage against atherosclerotic diseases. GT intake had no significant effect on serum levels of PON-1 and leptin. Trial registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under protocol number NCT00933647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Balsan
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Campos Pellanda
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Sausen
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Galarraga
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Zaffari
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pontin
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Portal
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation - IC/FUC, Avenida Princesa Isabel, 370/ 3 andar., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-000, Brazil.
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Ojulari OV, Lee SG, Nam JO. Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Obesity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010210. [PMID: 30626104 PMCID: PMC6337177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition associated with the accumulation of excess fat in the body, energy imbalance, lipogenesis, etc., which increases adipose tissue mass through adipogenesis and poses a health risk. Its prevalence has become an economic burden to the health care system and the world at large. One of the alternatives to tackling obesity involves the use of bioactive compounds. We critically examined the effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) on various parameters associated with the development of obesity such as; the effect of HSE on body weight, the effect of HSE on lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism and plasma parameters, the inhibitory effect of HSE on pancreatic lipase, and the effect of HSE on adipocyte differentiation/adipogenesis. This review has gathered reports on the various anti-obesity effects of H. sabdariffa bioactive compounds in cell and animal models, as well as in humans. Available toxicology information on the consumption of H. sabdariffa revealed that its toxicity is dose-dependent and may cause an adverse effect when administered over a long period of time. Reports have shown that H. sabdariffa derived bioactive compounds are potent in the treatment of obesity with an evident reduction in body weight, inhibition of lipid accumulation and suppression of adipogenesis through the PPARγ pathway and other transcriptional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Cuelho CHF, Alves GDAD, Lovatto MO, Bonilha IF, Barbisan F, da Cruz IBM, Oliveira SM, Fachinetto R, do Canto GS, Manfron MP. Topical formulation containing Ilex Paraguariensis extract increases metalloproteinases and myeloperoxidase activities in mice exposed to UVB radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:95-103. [PMID: 30317053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation represents 10% of the total UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface, being the primary responsible for the biological effects related to skin cancer and photoaging. Ilex Paraguariensis A. St. Hil., known as Yerba mate (YM), is a native tree of South America whose polyphenols in its leaves are described to exhibit photochemoprotective effect and are employed in the treatment of cancer. Additionally, the polyphenols are used to prevent lipid peroxidation and reduce the UV-induced damage, which ultimately decreases the oxidative stress. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize a new YM extract, evaluate the extract cytotoxicity and develop a formulation containing YM extract to prevent UVB-induced damage in mice skin. The YM extract showed high levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins and exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Its main components were suggested as chlorogenic acid (1.92%) and caffeic acid (0.41%). Besides, YM extract did not exhibit cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase-2 after acute UVB exposure. As a result, the formulation containing the YM extract showed a potential photochemoprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Helena Ferreira Cuelho
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Geórgia de Assis Dias Alves
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Ortiz Lovatto
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Iuri França Bonilha
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Biogenomic Laboratory, Morphology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Neurotoxicity and Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gizele Scotti do Canto
- Pharmacotechnique Laboratory, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Melânia Palermo Manfron
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Dos Santos TW, Miranda J, Teixeira L, Aiastui A, Matheu A, Gambero A, Portillo MP, Ribeiro ML. Yerba Mate Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Thermogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800142. [PMID: 29851217 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The potential effects of yerba mate (YM) on mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis are evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The in vitro effects of YM on mitochondrial respiration are assessed in C2C12 cells. The expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis are analyzed by quantitative PCR. The in vivo experiments are performed on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with YM extract. Indirect calorimetry was performed, and the expression of genes and proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis, thermogenesis, and de novo lipogenesis is determined by quantitative PCR and western blot. Our in vitro data indicate that YM increases mtDNA copy number as well as mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency. The gene expression profile reinforces this evidence, indicating a modulation of genes downstream of Ampk. In vivo, it is found that YM partially prevents diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway. CONCLUSIONS YM stimulates mitochondriogenesis and Ucp expression, leading to an increase in the spare respiratory capacity and energy dissipation. These effects may help to better understand the potential use of YM for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanila Wood Dos Santos
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pos Graduação em Genetica e Biologia Molecular, State University of Campinas,, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jonatan Miranda
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, 01080, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Spain
| | - Lucimara Teixeira
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Alessandra Gambero
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, 01080, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Spain
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
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Gallotannin derivatives from mango ( Mangifera indica L.) suppress adipogenesis and increase thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in part through the AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Some Popular Energy Shots and Their Ingredients: Are They Safe and Should They Be Used? A Literature Review. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chaves G, Britez N, Oviedo G, Gonzalez G, Italiano C, Blanes M, Sandoval G, Mereles D. Heavy drinkers of Ilex paraguariensis beverages show lower lipid profiles but higher body weight. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1030-1038. [PMID: 29417646 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a widely recognized risk factor for several diseases, reaching an epidemic magnitude worldwide. Natural polyphenols may improve blood lipids and body weight, but their clinical relevance in the general population remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the relationship of intake of Ilex paraguariensis (I. paraguariensis) beverages to lipid profiles and body weight in a large patient population. Patients were recruited to participate in an educational program to change habits to a healthy lifestyle. Anamnesis, clinical and laboratory assessments were conducted at study enrollment and during follow‐up. I. paraguariensis beverages were defined according to preparation as obtained by repeated cold water extraction (CWE), hot water infusions, or water and sugar decoction. Heavy drinkers were defined as those persons consuming >1 L/day of one or more preparation types. Participants (N = 18,287) aged ≥18 years entered the study. Overall prevalence of I. paraguariensis consumption was 91.2%. All three forms were drunk by 35.7%, whereas CWE + hot water infusion and CWE alone by 28.4% and 14.5% participants, respectively. Heavy CWE drinkers had lower total cholesterol (191.4 ± 49.4 vs. 194.6 ± 48.3 mg/dl, p = .02) and lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (118.6 ± 38.9 vs. 121.2 ± 47.1 mg/dl, p = .001), but body weight was higher (81.1 ± 16.8 vs. 77.2 ± 16.4 kg, p < .0001) compared with moderate drinkers. Fasting glucose was lower (104.5 ± 48.7 vs. 107.2 ± 49.5 mg/dl, p < .001), and consumption of carbohydrates was higher (36.3% vs. 28.7%, p < .001). A low‐lipids high‐body‐weight paradox could be observed in a population of heavy drinkers of I. paraguariensis beverages. Induced hypoglycemia and compensatory higher intake of refined carbohydrates may represent a possible cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Chaves
- Hospital Central, Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nidia Britez
- Hospital Central, Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Guillermo Oviedo
- Hospital Central, Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Monserrat Blanes
- Hospital Central, Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Gladys Sandoval
- Hospital Central, Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Queiroz ER, Abreu CMPDE, Rocha DA, Sousa RVDE, Fráguas RM, Braga MA, César PHS. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) peel flour: effects on hepatoprotection and dyslipidemia induced by a hypercholesterolemic diet. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 90:267-281. [PMID: 29236873 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hepatic steatosis, being the cause of morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the effects of lychee peel flour (PF) on serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triacylglycerols (TAG) and various parameters related to obesity, in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Therefore, 20 male rats were used. In the first 21 days, the animals were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet, except for control group. In the following 21 days, their diets were modified, and they received a standard diet (Control); hypercholesterolemic (Hyper); hypercholesterolemic + 5% PF (PF5) and hypercholesterolemic + 10% PF (PF10). The results revealed that PF intake attenuated weight gain, reduced body mass index, glucose and the levels of TAG, TC, LDL-c, hepatic enzymes and leptin, besides the percentage of hepatic lipids, liver lipid peroxidation and frequency of severe steatosis. Histological studies of the aorta did not show the formation of the atheromatous plaque. These results reinforce its potential to reduce the risk of diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela R Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Celeste M P DE Abreu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise A Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Raimundo V DE Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Fráguas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S César
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras / UFLA, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Pérez C, Segura-Carretero A, Del Mar Contreras M. Phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1212-1229. [PMID: 29156939 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity worldwide has reached pandemic proportions. Despite the increasing evidence in the implication of phenolic compounds in obesity management, the real effect is not completely understood. The available in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of phenolic compounds in: lowering food intake, decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, stimulating fatty acids β-oxidation, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and growth, attenuating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. This review encompasses the most recent evidence in the anti-obesity effect of phenolic compounds from plants to different nutraceuticals and functional foods based on the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. For that, this review has been focused on popular plant-based products highly consumed today such as cocoa, cinnamon, and olive oil, beverages such as red wine, tea (green, white and black tea) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Annex C-3 Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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Cahuê F, Souza S, Dos Santos CFM, Machado V, Nascimento JHM, Barcellos L, Salerno VP. Short-term consumption of Ilex paraguariensis extracts protects isolated hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury and contradicts exercise-mediated cardioprotection. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1149-1157. [PMID: 28683208 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion of hearts with extracts of Ilex paraguariensis (IP/mate) appears to reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To determine if oral consumption of IP/mate can provide similar cardioprotection, short-term consumption was investigated alone or in association with exercise in rats. Animals were grouped into control (C), IP/mate consumption (M), exercise (E), and exercise with mate (E+M). M and E+M groups consumed IP/mate (1 g·kg-1 body weight in 1 mL water) by gavage. E and E+M groups swam 7× per week for 30 min carrying an additional 5% of body weight. After 1 week, hearts were tested ex vivo to measure left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP), systolic and end diastolic pressure (LVSP/LVEDP), maximum velocity of contraction and relaxation (dP/dt+ and dP/dt-) during I/R and infarction size. In addition, cardiac tissue was analyzed for oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels along with activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). LVDP was higher in hearts from M and E groups as well as decreased infarction sizes than others. At the end of reperfusion, dP/dt+ was increased in E and M and dP/dt- was higher in M. LVSP was higher in M and E compared with C. Protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were higher in M while SOD activity was increased in E. No differences were observed in other activities. The results suggest that short-term consumption of IP/mate has protective effects on heart I/R injury similar to exercise, but the combination of these interventions appears to contradict the beneficial adaptations from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Cahuê
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Simone Souza
- b Laboratório de Ergoespirometria e Cineantropometria, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Camilli Fernanda Martins Dos Santos
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - José H M Nascimento
- c Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia Cardíaca Antônio Paes de Carvalho - Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Luciane Barcellos
- b Laboratório de Ergoespirometria e Cineantropometria, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
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da Silveira TFF, Meinhart AD, de Souza TCL, Cunha ECE, de Moraes MR, Filho JT, Godoy HT. Optimization of the Preparation Conditions of Yerba Mate tea Beverage to Maximize Chlorogenic Acids Extraction. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 72:219-223. [PMID: 28466135 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The beverage obtained from the yerba mate tea, besides being the most consumed in Brazil, has high concentrations of chlorogenic acids. In this study, a central composite design was employed to establish the best infusion time, temperature and water volume to maximize the extraction of chlorogenic acids 5-caffeoylquinic (5CQ), 3.4-dicaffeoylquinic (3.4 DQ), 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic (3.5 DQ) and 4.5-dicaffeoylquinic (4.5 DQ), from the leaves and stems of yerba mate tea (beverage ready for consumption). Analyses were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and the optimum conditions were obtained through the use of the desirability function of Derringer and Suich. The maximum chlorogenic acids content in the beverage was obtained when the infusion was prepared with 2 g of mate tea, in 300 mL of water at 95 °C, under infusion for 16 min. The optimal conditions were applied for the preparation of beverages from 15 commercial samples of yerba mate tea, and it was observed that the sum of the concentration of the four compounds showed variation of up to 79 times between the average of the samples, which can be attributed to climatic conditions of cultivation of the plant and/or of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Rosa de Moraes
- School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Teixeira Filho
- School of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Yimam M, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Lee YC, Hyun EJ, Kim HJ, Nam JB, Kim MR, Jia Q. UP601, a standardized botanical composition composed of Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis for weight loss. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:114. [PMID: 28209193 PMCID: PMC5314713 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity is surging in an alarming rate all over the world. Pharmaceutical drugs are considered potential adjunctive therapy to lifestyle modification. However, for most, besides being too expensive, their long term usages are hindered by their severe adverse effects. Here we describe the effect of UP601, a standardized blend of extracts from Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis, in modulating a number of obesity-related phenotypic and biochemical markers in a high-fat high-fructose (HFF)-induced C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity. Method Adipogenesis activity of the composition was assessed in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Effects of UP601 on body weight and metabolic markers were evaluated. It was administered at oral doses of 300 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg for 7 weeks. Orlistat (40 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum biomarkers were measured for liver function and lipid profiling. Relative organ weights were determined. Histopathological analysis was performed for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring. Results UP601 at 250 μg/ml resulted in 1.8-fold increase in lipolysis. Statistically significant changes in body weight (decreased by 9.1, 19.6 and 25.6% compared to the HFF group at week-7) were observed for mice treated with UP601 at 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. Reductions of 9.1, 16.9, and 18.6% in total cholesterol; 45.0, 55.0, 63.6% in triglyceride; 34.8, 37.1 and 41.6% in LDL; 3.2, 21.6 (P = 0.03) and 33.7% (P = 0.005) in serum glucose were observed for UP601 at 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. Body fat distribution was found reduced by 31.6 and 17.2% for the 450 mg/kg UP601 and orlistat, respectively, from the DEXA scan analysis. Up to an 89.1% reduction in mesenteric fat deposit was observed for UP601 in relative organ weight. Statistically significant improvements in NASH scores were observed for mice treated with UP601. Conclusion UP601, a standardized botanical composition from Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis could potentially be used for achieving healthy weight loss and maintenance.
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park J, Kim DS, Shin S, Youn DH, Kang J, Jung Y, Lee YM, Park JH, Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH. Lipin1-Mediated Repression of Adipogenesis by Rutin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:565-78. [PMID: 27109161 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, also called rutoside or quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is a glycoside between the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Although many effects of rutin have been reported in vitro and in vivo, the anti-adipogenic effects of rutin have not been fully reported. The aim of this study was to confirm how rutin regulates adipocyte related factors. In this study, rutin decreased the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferators, activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text], CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein [Formula: see text] (C/EBP[Formula: see text], fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase in 3T3-L1 cells. Rutin also repressed the expression of lipin1, which is an upstream regulator that controls PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. In addition, when 3T3-L1 was transfected with lipin1 siRNA to block lipin1 function, rutin did not affect the expressions of PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. These results suggest that rutin has an anti-adipogenic effect that acts through the suppression of lipin1, as well as PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- † Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Park
- § Division of Biotechnology and Convergence, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- ¶ Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 38578, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
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Grootaert C, Kamiloglu S, Capanoglu E, Van Camp J. Cell Systems to Investigate the Impact of Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2015; 7:9229-55. [PMID: 26569293 PMCID: PMC4663590 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse group of micronutrients from plant origin that may serve as antioxidants and that contribute to human health in general. More specifically, many research groups have investigated their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases in several animal studies and human trials. Yet, because of the excessive processing of the polyphenol structure by human cells and the residing intestinal microbial community, which results in a large variability between the test subjects, the exact mechanisms of their protective effects are still under investigation. To this end, simplified cell culture systems have been used to decrease the inter-individual variability in mechanistic studies. In this review, we will discuss the different cell culture models that have been used so far for polyphenol research in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We will also review the current trends in cell culture research, including co-culture methodologies. Finally, we will discuss the potential of these advanced models to screen for cardiovascular effects of the large pool of bioactive polyphenols present in foods and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
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Lestari SR, Djati MS, Rudijanto A, Fatchiyah F. PPARγ expression by rambutan peel extract in obesity rat model-induced high-calorie diet. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kim SY, Oh MR, Kim MG, Chae HJ, Chae SW. Anti-obesity effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:338. [PMID: 26408319 PMCID: PMC4583719 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major health problem. A food field research that has recently aroused considerable interest is the potential of natural products to counteract obesity. Yerba Mate may be helpful in reducing body weight and fat. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Yerba Mate supplementation in Korean subjects with obesity. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Subjects with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 but < 35 kg/m2 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.90 for men and ≥ 0.85 for women) were given oral supplements of Yerba Mate capsules (n = 15) or placebos (n = 15) for 12 weeks. Subjects take three capsules per each meal, total three times in a day (3 g/day). Measured outcomes were efficacy (abdominal fat distribution, anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles) and safety (adverse events, laboratory test results and vital signs). Results During 12 weeks of Yerba Mate supplementation, decreases in body fat mass (P = 0.036) and percent body fat (P = 0.030) compared to the placebo group were statistically significant. WHR was significantly decreased (P = 0.004) in the Yerba Mate group compared to the placebo group. No clinically significant changes in any safety parameters were observed. Conclusions Yerba Mate supplementation decreased body fat mass, percent body fat and WHR. Yerba Mate was a potent anti-obesity reagent that did not produce significant adverse effects. These results suggested that Yerba Mate supplementation may be effective for treating obese individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: (NCT01778257) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0859-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Gatto EM, Melcon C, Parisi VL, Bartoloni L, Gonzalez CD. Inverse association between yerba mate consumption and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. J Neurol Sci 2015; 356:163-7. [PMID: 26148934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yerba mate tea is a very common beverage in some countries of South America. We conducted a case-control study on an individual basis using hospital records to investigate the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and yerba mate intake. A case was defined as an age of ≥ 40 years with ≥ 1 year of PD. Each case was individually matched by two controls. Exposure was measured by yerba mate consumption, coffee, tea, and alcohol intake and smoking status. The sample consisted of 223 PD patients (mean age 68 years and mean disease duration 7.3 years) and 406 controls. There was an inverse association between yerba mate "bombilla" consumption and PD (OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.76, p=0.00001). A multivariate analysis with a logistic regression adjusted by sex, alcohol intake and smoking provided the following results: yerba mate (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53-0.76), tea (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.86), coffee (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.73). We found an inverse association between yerba mate consumption and PD. These results led us to hypothesize that yerba mate may have a potential protective role in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Mabel Gatto
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Melcon
- Fundación para la Investigación en Neuroepidemiología (FINEP), Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia L Parisi
- Departamento Neurología, Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Bartoloni
- Hospital A. Zubizarreta, Laboratorio de Investigación de la Memoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Romana-Souza B, Pires TC, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Mate tea-mediated reduction in catecholamine synthesis improves cutaneous wound healing of chronically stressed mice. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The positive effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients 2015; 7:730-50. [PMID: 25621503 PMCID: PMC4344557 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide over the past three decades. Global anti-obesity strategies focus on dietary and lifestyle modifications to slow the development of obesity. Research in the nutrition field has recently aroused considerable interest based on the potential of natural products to counteract obesity. Several studies have identified yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) as an excellent candidate. In this review, we evaluated the impact of yerba maté on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrate that yerba maté suppresses adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation and reduces inflammation. Animal studies show that yerba maté modulates signaling pathways that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insulin signaling responses. In summary, the data presented here showed that the use of yerba maté might be useful against obesity, improving the lipid parameters in humans and animal models. In addition, yerba maté modulates the expression of genes that are changed in the obese state and restores them to more normal levels of expression. In doing so, it addresses several of the abnormal and disease-causing factors associated with obesity. Protective and ameliorative effects on insulin resistance were also observed. Thus, as a general conclusion, it seems that yerba maté beverages and supplements might be helpful in the battle against obesity.
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Yu S, Yue SW, Liu Z, Zhang T, Xiang N, Fu H. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves microcirculation of volunteers with high blood viscosity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:14-22. [PMID: 25562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood viscosity is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other cardiovascular events. Our previous studies have suggested that consumption of Yerba mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) has strong antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties in animals. The in vivo effects of Yerba mate on blood viscosity in humans, however, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of Yerba mate tea on the reduction of blood viscosity and the improvement of microcirculatory parameters commonly regarded as risk factors for serious cardio and cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS 142 subjects with high blood viscosity were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Yerba mate tea or placebo (5 g/day) was administered to different groups for 6 weeks. After treatment, results of hemorheological indexes, nailfold microcirculation, 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 and lipid profiles of subjects in the Yerba mate tea group were compared with those in the placebo-receiving group. RESULTS Parameters of blood viscosity and microcirculation were improved in the subjects from the Yerba mate tea group but not in placebo-receiving patients. After treatment, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and the Equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESRK) decreased significantly in the Yerba mate group. Meanwhile, shape, flow state and nailfold microcirculation appeared positively changed. Specifically, blood flow speeds accelerated gradually and nailfold weighted integral values decreased significantly. Moreover, the vasodilator 6-keto PGF1α increased while the thromboxane TXB2 decreased in serum samples of subjects in the Yerba mate-receiving group. Overall, Yerba mate tea-receiving subjects saw nearly all measured values improve to levels comparable to those characteristic of patients with normal microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the therapeutic capacity of Yerba mate tea in the treatment of high blood viscosity. Here, Yerba mate tea played a role in the regulation of various indexes of hemorheology, nailfold microcirculation, and the platelet aggregating factors 6-keto-PGF1a and TXB2. The regulation of these might be correlated with reduced blood viscosity and accelerating blood flow. Thus, Yerba mate tea may reduce some key risk-factors of cardiovascular disease. Daily consumption of Yerba mate tea may be a better-tolerated option for individuals with high blood viscosity and microcirculatory disturbance and as such, a novel preventative strategy for patients at-risk for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Shou wei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Zhaochun Liu
- International Education College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Tiefeng Zhang
- Department of gastroenterology, Shandong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine, 1#, Jingba Road, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- Information Management College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Hui Fu
- Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Effects of yerba maté, a plant extract formulation ("YGD") and resveratrol in 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Molecules 2014; 19:16909-24. [PMID: 25338179 PMCID: PMC6271528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of yerba maté, YGD (a herbal preparation containing yerba maté, guarana and damiana), and resveratrol on adipogenesis. The anti-adipogenic effects of yerba mate, YGD, resveratrol and YGD + resveratrol and yerba mate + resveratrol combinations were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells by Oil Red staining, cellular triglyceride content, and PCR quantitative array. The results demonstrated that all of the tested compounds inhibited adipogenesis. Yerba maté extract significantly down-regulated the expression of genes that play an important role in regulating adipogenesis, such as Adig, Axin, Cebpa, Fgf10, Lep, Lpl, and Pparγ2. In addition, these genes, YGD also repressed Bmp2, Ccnd1, Fasn, and Srebf1. Resveratrol also modulated the expression of Adig, Bmp2, Ccnd1, C/EBPα, Fasn, Fgf10, Lep, Lpl, and Pparγ2. Moreover, resveratrol repressed Cebpb, Cdk4, Fgf2, and Klf15. The yerba maté extract and YGD up-regulated the expression of genes involved in inhibiting adipogenesis, such as Dlk-1, Klf2, and Ucp1. Resveratrol also induced the expression of Klf2 and Ucp1. In addition resveratrol modulated the Ddit3, Foxo1, Sirt1, and Sirt2. The combined effects of these compounds on gene expression showed similar results observed from individual treatments. Our data indicates that the synergy between the compounds favors the inhibition of adipogenesis.
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Lima NDS, de Oliveira E, da Silva APS, Maia LDA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Effects of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) treatment on leptin resistance and inflammatory parameters in obese rats primed by early weaning. Life Sci 2014; 115:29-35. [PMID: 25241125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the effects of yerba mate treatment over 30 days on body weight, food intake, hypothalamic leptin action and inflammatory profile in adult rats that were weaned early. MAIN METHODS To induce early weaning, the teats of lactating rats were blocked with a bandage to interrupt milk access for the last 3 days of lactation (EW group). Control offspring had free access to milk throughout lactation. On postnatal day (PN) 150, EW offspring were subdivided into: EW and M groups were treated with water and mate aqueous solution (1g/kg BW/day, gavage), respectively, for 30 days. Control offspring received water by gavage. On PN180, offspring were killed. KEY FINDINGS EW group presented hyperphagia; higher adiposity; higher NPY and TNF-α expression in the ARC nucleus; higher TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the adipose tissue; and lower IL-10 levels in the adipose tissue. These characteristics were normal in M group. As expected, the leptin injection in control offspring caused lower food intake. However, EW group exhibited no change in food intake after the leptin injection, indicating leptin resistance. In contrast, M group had a normal response to the leptin injection. SIGNIFICANCE Thirty days of mate treatment prevented the development of hyperphagia, overweight, visceral obesity and central leptin resistance. This beneficial effect on the satiety of M offspring most likely occurred after the improvement of inflammatory markers in the hypothalamus and adipocytes, which suggests that Ilex paraguariensis plays an important role in the management of obesity by acting on the inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Lígia de Albuquerque Maia
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
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Nugara RN, Inafuku M, Iwasaki H, Oku H. Partially purified Peucedanum japonicum Thunb extracts exert anti-obesity effects in vitro. Nutrition 2014; 30:575-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sanderson M, Mazibuko SE, Joubert E, de Beer D, Johnson R, Pheiffer C, Louw J, Muller CJF. Effects of fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on adipocyte differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:109-117. [PMID: 24060217 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) contains a rich complement of polyphenols, including flavonoids, considered to be largely responsible for its health promoting effects, including combatting obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fermented rooibos hot water soluble solids on in vitro adipocyte differentiation by using differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hot water soluble solids were obtained when preparing an infusion of fermented rooibos at "cup-of-tea" strength. The major phenolic compounds (>5 mg/g) were isoorientin, orientin, quercetin-3-O-robinobioside and enolic phenylpyruvic acid-2-O-β-D-glucoside. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of the rooibos soluble solids inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation by 22% (p<0.01) and 15% (p<0.05), respectively. Inhibition of adipogenesis was accompanied by decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of PPARγ, PPARα, SREBF1 and FASN. Western blot analysis exhibited decreased PPARα, SREBF1 and AMPK protein expression. Impeded glycerol release into the culture medium was observed after rooibos treatment. None of the concentrations of rooibos hot water soluble solids was cytotoxic, in terms of ATP content. Interestingly, the higher concentration of hot water soluble solids increased ATP concentrations which were associated with increased basal glucose uptake. Decreased leptin secretion was observed after rooibos treatment. Our data show that hot water soluble solids from fermented rooibos inhibit adipogenesis and affect adipocyte metabolism, suggesting its potential in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Sanderson
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Arçari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ribeiro ML. The in vitro and in vivo effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on adipogenesis. Food Chem 2013; 141:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Alvala R, Alvala M, Sama V, Dharmarajan S, Ullas JV, B MR. Scientific evidence for traditional claim of anti-obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:441-448. [PMID: 23628454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bark of Tecomella undulata is traditionally claimed in the treatment of various disease ailments including obesity and cancer. Till now there are no studies about anti-obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was aimed to establish a scientific evidence for anti-obesity efficiency of ethyl acetate extract of Tecomella undulata bark (EATUB). Further to standardize the active fractions of EATUB using different biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated activity of EATUB fractions (F1-F7) using 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Further, F1-mediated effects were characterized by determining mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, one of the key targets for the treatment of obesity, using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The consequences of modulation of SIRT1 on mRNA and protein levels of various adipogenesis mediators like PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin, adiponectin and LPL were also studied. In vivo studies were performed using High Fat Diet (HFD) obese mice. RESULTS Our data showed that compared to controls, preadipocytes and adipocytes incubated with F1 exhibited a significant decrease in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In addition, sqRT-PCR and western blot analysis showed significant increase in SIRT1 and adiponectin levels and decrease in PPARγ, C/EBPα, E2F1, leptin and LPL levels in preadipocytes and adipocytes. In vivo studies of F1 in HFD induced obese mice showed significant improvement in lipid profile and glucose levels. The bioactive fraction (F1) was determined to possess 4.95% of ferulic acid. CONCLUSION Thus, our findings signified the beneficial effects of Tecomella undulata bark in pharmacologic interventions related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Ferulic acid and rutin are being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Alvala
- G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad 500 028, AP, India.
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Arçari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ferraz LFC, Ribeiro ML. Modulatory effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) on the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1882-5. [PMID: 23670797 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yerba maté (YM) extract on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway in vivo. The mice were introduced to either standard- or high-fat diet (HFD). After 8 weeks on an HFD, mice were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment conditions, water or yerba maté extract at 1.0 g/kg. After treatment, glucose blood level and hepatic insulin response were evaluated. Liver tissue was examined to determine the mRNA levels using the PI3K-AKT PCR array. The nuclear translocation of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was determined by an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. Our data demonstrated that yerba maté extract significantly decreased the final body weight, glucose blood levels, and insulin resistance of mice. Molecular analysis demonstrated that an HFD downregulated Akt2, Irs1, Irs2, Pi3kca, Pi3kcg, and Pdk1; after yerba maté treatment, the levels of those genes returned to baseline. In addition, an HFD upregulated Pepck and G6pc and increased FOXO1 nuclear translocation. The intervention downregulated these genes by decreasing FOXO1 nuclear translocation. The results obtained demonstrate for the first time the specific action of yerba maté on the PI3K-AKT pathway, which contributed to the observed improvement in hepatic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demétrius Paiva Arçari
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Samuel Wu YH, Chiu CH, Yang DJ, Lin YL, Tseng JK, Chen YC. Inhibitory effects of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower-water extracts on lipase activity and diet-induced obesity. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Research progress in the phytochemistry and biology of Ilex pharmaceutical resources. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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