1
|
Parisi V, Santoro V, Faraone I, Benedetto N, Vassallo A, De Tommasi N, Milella L, Nesticò A, Maselli G, Fadda AM, Caddeo C. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill extracts: phytochemical characterization and exploitation of its biological activities by loading into nanoformulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1416539. [PMID: 39220011 PMCID: PMC11363874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1416539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The current investigation presents a two-fold approach to rediscovering the potential of Sonchus asper as a wild edible plant, both in its raw extract form and as a nanoformulated product. Furthermore, the study aimed to promote the valorization of traditional dishes and contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of S. asper, thus enhancing economic profits. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to characterize the metabolite profile of the raw and cooked leaf extracts, and the extract from discarded leaves. The antioxidant activity, the hypoglycaemic effect and the incorporation into liposomes were evaluated. Results 38 compounds and 6 essential amino acids were identified. The incorporation into liposomes maximized the health-promoting properties for potential pharmaceutical or food applications. Discussion The commercialization of S. asper could: (i) contribute to improving the well-being of rural and urban communities, being S. asper a wild edible plant available at low cost, environmentally friendly, resilient, and adaptable; (ii) generate landowner economic returns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Benedetto
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS srl, Potenza, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Nesticò
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Maselli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clemente-Villalba J, Fratianni A, Issa-Issa H, Ianiri G, Hernández F, Vitone C, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Panfili G. Diplotaxis erucoides and Oxalis pes-caprae: Two Wild Edible Plants as a New and Valuable Source of Carotenoids, Tocols and B1 and B2 Vitamins. Nutrients 2024; 16:2293. [PMID: 39064735 PMCID: PMC11279960 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the profile and contents of carotenoids, tocols and B1 and B2 vitamins in different parts of two wild edible plants (WEPs), Diplotaxis erucoides and Oxalis pes-caprae. Results showed interesting amounts of these bioactive compounds in the leaves, with intakes higher than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A and vitamin E after consumption of 100 g. Diplotaxis erucoides and Oxalis pes-caprae leaves evidenced high amounts of carotenoids, such as lutein (about 8 mg/100 g and 5 mg, respectively) and β-carotene (about 8 mg/100 g and 4 mg/100 g, respectively). Even when not present at high amounts, the investigated plants can also contribute to the daily intake of thiamine and riboflavin. The rich profile and high contents of bioactive compounds in these WEPs clearly justify their potential use as food ingredients in a healthy and sustainable modern cuisine and in the development of new functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Clemente-Villalba
- Grupo de Investigación Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (H.I.-I.)
| | - Alessandra Fratianni
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Hanán Issa-Issa
- Grupo de Investigación Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (H.I.-I.)
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Fruticultura y Técnicas de Producción, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Caroline Vitone
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina
- Grupo de Investigación Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (H.I.-I.)
| | - Gianfranco Panfili
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gkotzamani A, Ipsilantis I, Menexes G, Katsiotis A, Mattas K, Koukounaras A. The Impact of Salinity in the Irrigation of a Wild Underutilized Leafy Vegetable, Sonchus oleraceus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1552. [PMID: 38891360 PMCID: PMC11174866 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Introducing non- or under-utilized crops to cultivation generates benefits such as biodiversity enrichment, supporting mitigation actions towards climate change-induced effects. The salinization of soil and water supplies is progressively disrupting natural habitats and food production, especially in regions such as the Mediterranean. Sonchus oleraceus L. is a Mediterranean wild leafy green with nutritional and medicinal properties. This study's purpose was to determine whether salinity affects the growth, quality, and nutrient composition of Sonchus oleraceus L. In an unheated plastic greenhouse, seedlings were transplanted in pots filled with perlite and irrigated with a nutrient solution with no NaCl added (the control, C) or with the addition of 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM of NaCl (treatments S4, S6, S8, and S10, respectively). The leaf and root growth, leaf quality, and the nutrient composition of leaves and roots were determined. Regarding the results, growth was mainly affected at high salinity levels (S8 and S10), with no observed effects of salinity on the determined quality parameters. The nutrient composition was variably affected by salinity in leaves but not in roots (except in the case of Na and the K/Na ratio). Sonchus oleraceus L. showed a general relative tolerance in moderate salinity levels (40 and 60 mM of NaCl), suggesting potential commercial exploitation of the species in areas where the quality of irrigation water is low. However, the health effects of consuming this species grown under salinity stress need to be studied in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gkotzamani
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ipsilantis
- Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Menexes
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Andreas Katsiotis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Geotechnical Sciences and Environmental Management, Cyprus University of Technology, 50329 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Konstadinos Mattas
- Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bachhar V, Joshi V, Gangal A, Duseja M, Shukla RK. Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents, Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Calyptocarpus vialis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1921-1947. [PMID: 37450214 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused to highlight the phytochemical, nutrient content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the wildly growing plant Calyptocarpus vialis (CV) of the Asteraceae family collected from the Garhwal region of India. Phytochemical and nutritional analysis of CV is done by qualitative and quantitative methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the presence of phenols, alkanes, aliphatic primary amines, carboxylic acids, nitrile, aromatics and alcohols. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed the presence of terpenoids, plant sterols and phenols such as phytol (14.9%), stigmasterol (10.02%), viridiflorol (4.19%), squalene (2.54%) and various other phytochemicals. The plant's study reveals the existence of numerous nutritious elements, including proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and amino acids. It also revealed the presence of the huge amount of phenolic content ⁓13.49 g in a 100-g dried CV plant sample. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of CV was estimated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdate assay and reducing power assay. The highest percentage of antioxidant activity determined from three assays is 74 to 87% for 1 mg of dry extract. It is observed that the CV extract act as a good antioxidant when compared to other plants of the Asteraceae family even at very low concentration of the sample. Hence, CV found in the foothills of Himalayas can be further explored as a source of potent bioactive compounds and natural and economical antioxidant for biomedical and immunity-boosting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Bachhar
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Vibha Joshi
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Avinash Gangal
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Manisha Duseja
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India.
| | - Ravi K Shukla
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fratianni A, Albanese D, Ianiri G, Vitone C, Malvano F, Avino P, Panfili G. Evaluation of the Content of Minerals, B-Group Vitamins, Tocols, and Carotenoids in Raw and In-House Cooked Wild Edible Plants. Foods 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 38338607 PMCID: PMC10855799 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the increased interest in wild edible plants, little is known on how some domestic thermal processes can affect their content. The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of minerals, B1 and B2 vitamins, tocols, and carotenoids in raw, boiled, and steamed wild edible plants, namely, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill s.l., Sonchus oleraceus L., Cichorium intybus L., and Beta vulgaris L. var cicla. All vegetables were confirmed as high sources of lutein (from 6 to 9 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (from 2 to 5 mg/100 g). Quite high amounts of violaxanthin and neoxanthin were found. Alfa-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were the main tocols, with same contents in raw and processed vegetables (about 2.5 mg/100 g). The most abundant macro element and trace element were, respectively, potassium and iron. B1 and B2 vitamins were found in low amounts in almost all plants, with the exception of thiamine in Beta vulgaris (about 1.6 mg/100 g). Boiling led to a significant loss of minerals (up to 60%) and B-group vitamins (up to 100%), while, among carotenoids, it only affected violaxanthin levels (up to 90%). Steamed vegetables showed only a slight reduction, about 20%, in β-carotene and lutein, with a marked decrease in violaxanthin and neoxanthin. One hundred grams of all fresh and cooked plants can be claimed as a source of vitamin A and E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fratianni
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Donatella Albanese
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Caroline Vitone
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Malvano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Panfili
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.I.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Botella MÁ, Hellín P, Hernández V, Dabauza M, Robledo A, Sánchez A, Fenoll J, Flores P. Chemical Composition of Wild Collected and Cultivated Edible Plants ( Sonchus oleraceus L. and Sonchus tenerrimus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:269. [PMID: 38256822 PMCID: PMC10819898 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigates the nutritional and bioactive composition, as well as the organoleptic and sensory properties, of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, two wild plant species traditionally used in the gastronomy of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, the effect of cultivation on leaf composition was assessed to explore their potential for large-scale production and commercialization from the point of view of possible losses or gains in quality. Both species were characterized as a good source of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, pro-vitamins and carotenoids, with health-promoting and antioxidant properties that are highly appreciated. The sensory profile revealed a good general acceptance of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, indicating that they could be included in the diet. Although the cultivation of S. oleraceus resulted in a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds when compared to wild-harvested plants, the opposite occurred for vitamin C. In S. tenerrimus, cultivation also increased the concentration of other compounds with important nutritional and healthy properties, such as sugars, organic acids and β-carotene. The results of the composition, organoleptic and sensory properties of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus support the idea of their potential to be used as edible leafy vegetables and as promising assets for functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), CIAGRO-Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Virginia Hernández
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Mercedes Dabauza
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Antonio Robledo
- ISLAYA Consultoría Ambiental, S.L., c/Ntra. Sra. de Fátima 34, 30151 Santo Ángel, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alicia Sánchez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - José Fenoll
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Pilar Flores
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang H, Kong X, Ren Y, Wang H, Liu E, Sun F, Zhu G, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. Application of serum Raman spectroscopy in rapid and early discrimination of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123008. [PMID: 37328404 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raman spectroscopy of hematological diseases has gained attention from various researchers. However, serum analysis of bone marrow failure (BMF), represented by aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed at establishing a simple, non-invasive serum detection method for AA and MDS. METHOD Serum samples from 35 AA patients (N = 35), MDS patients (N = 25), and control volunteers (N = 23) were systematically analyzed via laser Raman spectroscopy, and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Then, discrimination models between the BMFs and control were constructed and evaluated using the prediction set. RESULTS Compared to control volunteers, serum spectral data for BMF patients were specific. The intensities of Raman peaks representing nucleic acids (726, 781, 786, 1078, 1190, 1415 cm-1), proteins (1221 cm-1), phospholipid/cholesterol (1285 cm-1), and β-carotene (1162 cm-1) significantly decreased, while the intensity of lipids (1437 and 1446 cm-1) significantly increased. Intensities of Raman peaks representing nucleic acids (726 cm-1) and collagen (1344 cm-1) in the AA group were significantly lower than in the control group. Intensities of Raman peaks representing nucleic acids (726 and 786 cm-1), proteins (1003 cm-1), and collagen (1344 cm-1) in the MDS group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The intensity of Raman peaks representing lipids (1437 and 1443 cm-1) in the MDS group was significantly higher than in the control group. Patients with AA and MDS exhibited increased serum triglyceride levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between serological test data for patients and typing of AA and MDS provides essential information for rapid and early identification of BMF. This study shows the potential of Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive detection of different BMF types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yansong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Ertao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Fanfan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clemente-Villalba J, Burló F, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Valorization of Wild Edible Plants as Food Ingredients and Their Economic Value. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051012. [PMID: 36900530 PMCID: PMC10001278 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Wild Edible Plants (WEPs) are plants that grow without human help, by simply using the available resources. These types of plants are undervalued, because there is a lack of knowledge about their bioactive composition and nutritional/functional potential. (2) Scope and Approach: The main aim of this review is to fully identify the potential uses and importance of WEPs in certain regions based on (i) their sustainability, because they grow with their own resources, (ii) their content of bioactive compounds and consequently nutritional and functional value, (iii) their socio-economic relevance, and (iv) their ability to be useful in the agri-food industry in the short term. (3) Results: This review found evidence that a consumption of between 100 and 200 g of some of these WEPs can cover up to 50% of the recommended daily intake of proteins and fiber, being also a natural source of macro- and micro-minerals. Regarding their bioactive composition, most of these plants contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which determine their antioxidant capacity. (4) Conclusions: These reported results clearly demonstrate the high potential of the WEPs from a nutritional, economic and social point of view; although further studies are needed to gather deeper scientific information about their potential role in the socio-economic sustainability of specific groups of farmers worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Clemente-Villalba
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisco Burló
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Fruticultura y Técnicas de Producción, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-674-97-54
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Influence of Drought Stress on Physiological Responses and Bioactive Compounds in Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.): Opportunity for a Sustainable Agriculture. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223725. [PMID: 36429317 PMCID: PMC9689432 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production from agriculture depends on irrigation, mainly in poor rainfall zones, such as the Mediterranean region. Chicory is an important food crop component of the Mediterranean diet. Considering the increasing incidence of drought due to climate change, this study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of moderate drought stress on photosynthesis, leaf gaseous exchange, growth, and tocol and carotenoid composition of chicory under field conditions. Chicory was subjected to rainfed condition stress in a randomized block design. At 50 days of treatment, drought stress caused about 48% reduction in dry matter, 30% in leaf relative water content, and about 25% in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, whereas mesophyll conductance was not affected. A strong relationship between photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance was observed. In the rainfed chicory, at the end of treatment, an increase (about 20%) in carotenoid and tocopherol content was found, thus, giving further insight into the positive effect of moderate drought stress on these compounds. This finding suggests that under proper rainfed conditions, it is possible to increase and save the quality of dry chicory, although yield loss occurs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Conte de Almeida L, Salvador MR, Pinheiro-Sant’Ana HM, Della Lucia CM, Brasil Landulfo Teixeira RD, de Morais Cardoso L. Proximate composition and characterization of the vitamins and minerals of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) from the Middle Doce River region – Minas Gerais, Brazil. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
11
|
Seeds as Potential Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Minerals for the Indian Population. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103184. [PMID: 35630662 PMCID: PMC9144825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings. In this work, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of 155 Indian seeds (belonging to 49 families) are reported. Moisture and ash were measured with reference protocols from AOAC; total polyphenols and flavonoids were measured with spectrophotometric methods after extraction with organic solvents, and mineral elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and mineral contents (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were found to vary in the ranges 182−5000, 110−4465 and 687−7904 mg/100 g (DW), respectively. Noticeably, polyphenol contents higher than 2750 mg/100 g were observed in 18 seeds. In addition, mineral contents >5000 mg/100 g were detected in the seeds from Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Commiphora wightii, Parkia javanica, Putranjiva roxburghii, Santalum album and Strychnos potatorum. Botanical and taxonomical variations in the proximate characteristics of the examined seeds are also discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Sonchus Species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:4181656. [PMID: 35282307 PMCID: PMC8913140 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4181656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Species of unconventional food plants of the genus Sonchus are widely consumed in rural populations living in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study investigated the nutritional composition of S. oleraceus, S. asper, and S. arvensis species. The centesimal composition was investigated according to the norms of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, the occurrence and concentration of carotenoids and vitamins through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and minerals with the aid of atomic emission spectrometry in inductively coupled plasma. There was no significant difference between the water content found in the three species. However, S. asper showed higher concentrations of lipids (1.32 g/100 g), carbohydrates (0.34 g/100 g), total carotenoids (5.58 mg/100 g), and Ca (96.25 mg/100 g), while S. arvensis had the highest concentration of vitamins E (72.98 μg/100 g) and K (604.85 mg/100 g). S. oleraceus showed higher concentrations of Fe (23.74 mg/100 g). Statistically, fibers and ash presented the same proportions in S. asper and S. arvensis, as well as proteins in S. oleraceus and S. asper species. The availabilities of these vegetables together with their high nutritional value are important factors that contribute to ensuring food security for families that have these species in their diet.
Collapse
|
13
|
Badalamenti N, Sottile F, Bruno M. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Biological, and Nutritional Properties of Genus Crepis-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040519. [PMID: 35214852 PMCID: PMC8875603 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Crepis L., included within the Asteraceae family, has a very wide distribution, expanding throughout the northern hemisphere, including Europe, northern Africa, and temperate Asia. This genus has a fundamental value from biodynamic and ecological perspectives, with the different species often being chosen for soil conservation, for environmental sustainability, and for their attraction towards pollinating species. Furthermore, various species of Crepis have been used in the popular medicine of several countries as medicinal herbs and food since ancient times. In most cases, the species is consumed either in the form of a decoction, or as a salad, and is used for its cardiovascular properties, as a digestive, for problems related to sight, for the treatment of diabetes, and for joint diseases. This literature review, the first one of the Crepis genus, includes publications with the word 'Crepis', and considers the single metabolites identified, characterised, and tested to evaluate their biological potential. The various isolated compounds, including in most cases sesquiterpenes and flavonoids, were obtained by extracting the roots and aerial parts of the different species. The secondary metabolites, extracted using traditional (solvent extraction, column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, preparative HPLC, vacuum liquid chromatography), and modern systems such as ultrasounds, microwaves, etc., and characterised by mono- and bi- dimensional NMR experiments and by HPLC-MS, have a varied application spectrum at a biological level, with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, antiviral, antiulcer, phytotoxic, and nutritional properties having been reported. Unfortunately, in vitro tests have not always been accompanied by in vivo tests, and this is the major critical aspect that emerges from the study of the scientific aspects related to this genus. Therefore, extensive investigations are necessary to evaluate the real capacity of the different species used in food, and above all to discover what the different plants that have never been analysed could offer at a scientific level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans II, I-90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riuszo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riuszo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paura B, Di Marzio P. Making a Virtue of Necessity: The Use of Wild Edible Plant Species (Also Toxic) in Bread Making in Times of Famine According to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti (1766). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:285. [PMID: 35205151 PMCID: PMC8869735 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In 1766, the agricultural scientist Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti described for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the wild and cultivated plant species that could be used, in times of famine, to increase the quantity of flour or vegetable mass in bread making. These wild plants can be defined as wild edible plants (WEPs) or "alimurgic species", a concept usually traced back to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti himself. The 342 plant names mentioned in the text are in the Tuscan vernacular, so a research work was done on bibliographic sources from the 1800s in order to match them with their current nomenclature. This process led to an "alimurgic flora" repertoire based on the writing of Targioni Tozzetti; and a comparison with our AlimurgITA database of 1103 wild edible plants used in Italy. It is particularly interesting that in his short treatise, Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti identified eight toxic plants (corresponding to 14 species), indicating how to eliminate the poisonous substances from their useful roots. We treat them in detail, examining their current and past use, their geographical distribution in Italy, and their eventual toxicity. We obtained 343 matches, of which 198 were reliable (certain matches) and 145 possessed some degree of uncertainty (due to generic or collective vernacular names). Among the 198 certain identifications, 140 species are present in the AlimurgITA database (92 mentioned for Tuscany) and 58 are not; for bread-making there are only documentary traces of 53 species for Italy and 7 for Tuscany. Moreover, among the total 198 species, 84 showed some degree of hazard. Researching edible toxic spontaneous species allows: (1) investigation, from an unusual perspective, of a historical period in which the poor conditions of some social strata led to finding unusual solutions to food provision; (2) idea generation to re-enable potentially useful WEPs whose use has been lost. Making a virtue of necessity!
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paura
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Piera Di Marzio
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fukalova Fukalova T, García-Martínez MD, Raigón MD. Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Volatiles Profile Characterization of Two Edible Undervalued Plants: Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:377. [PMID: 35161358 PMCID: PMC8839399 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild edible plants are an important source of healthy food and have played an important role in traditional Mediterranean diets. In this paper, quality characteristics were typified in Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass, undervalued plants inherent to the spring-summer season in the Valencian coastal region. Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds were analyzed and compared between plants in wild and organic cultivation conditions. Proximate analysis was carried out according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The HS-SPME technique was used to characterize the volatiles profile, and the polyphenol profile was evaluated by HPLC. The most important microelement was iron. Total antioxidants ranged from 4392.16 to 7315.00 μmol Trolox·equivalents 100 g-1 fw, and total phenolic content ranged from 99.09 to 391.18 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g-1 fw. Results show that the content of antioxidants and phenols was higher in wild species than in cultivated ones. The volatiles profile revealed that P. ruderale was rich in monoterpenoids (48.65-55.82%), and fatty alcohols were characteristic in P. oleracea species (16.21-54.18%). The results suggest that both plants could be healthy foods and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fukalova Fukalova
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | - María Dolores García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fukalova Fukalova T, García Martínez MD, Raigón MD. Five undervalued edible species inherent to autumn-winter season: nutritional composition, bioactive constituents and volatiles profile. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12488. [PMID: 34900422 PMCID: PMC8621719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wild edible herbs have historically been used as local nutritional and medicinal sources. These plants grow spontaneously, depending on the season. They adapt well to different edaphoclimatic conditions, generating a diversity constituent beneficial to health. They impart compounds needed in the human diet in regard to macro and micronutrients. When consumed raw, they keep their properties intact and provide health benefits. Five undervalued edible plants: Stellaria media (L.) Vill, Tropaeolum majus L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Chenopodium album L. and Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC are characteristic of the autumn-winter season in the Valencian coastal region and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector. However, little information is available from the nutritional quality and bioactive composition viewpoint for these species. Concurrently, the volatiles compounds profiles describing the characteristic flavors are unknown. Methods Nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, and other chemical components of the fresh leaves were analyzed. In addition, the volatiles composite profile was performed. The analyzed species come from the soil reservoir; their wild growth is adjusted to the autumn season. The proximate analysis was carried out by Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl hydrate (DPPH) and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Volatiles profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The vegetative part analyzed was the tender leaves with edible potential. Results A high variability has been obtained in the composition of the species studied. The proximate analysis found a considerable content of fiber (1.22-5.4 g·100 g-1), potassium (157.7-1,250.6 mg·100 g-1), iron (0.6-2.0 mg·100 g-1), and a low caloric value (16.1-43.02 kcal·mg·100 g-1). In bioactive compounds analysis, a high level of antioxidants was highlighted (1,604.3-4,874.6 μmol·100 g-1), followed by chlorophylls. Volatiles profile revealed that the species were rich in benzenoids (33.8-89.9%) as the majority family. The pyrazines class was characteristic only in D. erucoides L. Discussion Fresh edible leaves of the undervalued plants show considerable nutritional potential and a high bioactive components level, which highlight the antioxidant capacity. Leaves of C. album L. stand out due to their higher concentration of nutritional compounds, while D. erucoides L. is noted for its higher antioxidant capacity. Aromatic descriptor of pyrazines detected in the leaves of D. erucoides L. is associated with the slightly spicy flavors that characterize this species. Results suggest that studied species could be of great relevance in introducing these five edible herbs as a source of new grown material, postulating them as healthy food ingredients with attractive flavors for the gourmet cuisine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Dolores García Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shahidi F, Pinaffi-Langley ACC, Fuentes J, Speisky H, de Camargo AC. Vitamin E as an essential micronutrient for human health: Common, novel, and unexplored dietary sources. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:312-321. [PMID: 34610363 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E comprises a group of vitamers that includes tocopherols and tocotrienols. They occur in four homologues according to the number and position of methyl groups attached to the chromanol ring. Vitamin E, a liposoluble antioxidant, may participate as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, and aging-related diseases. Furthermore, vitamin E has applications in the food industry as a natural additive. In this contribution, the most recent information on the dietary sources of vitamin E, including common, novel, and unexplored sources, is presented. Common edible oils, such as those of corn, olive, palm, rice bran, and peanut, represent the most prominent sources of vitamin E. However, specialty and underutilized oils such as those obtained from tree nuts, fruit seeds, and by-products, emerge as novel sources of this important micronutrient. Complementary studies should examine the tocotrienol content of vitamin E dietary sources to better understand the different biological functions of these vitamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9 Canada.
| | | | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fratianni A, D’Agostino A, Niro S, Bufano A, Paura B, Panfili G. Loss or Gain of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds in Vegetables after Domestic Cooking? Effect of Steaming and Boiling. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050960. [PMID: 33924885 PMCID: PMC8145054 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic antioxidants are essential components, which have been pointed as bioactive beneficial for human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of domestic cooking (boiling, steaming) on the main carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and tocols in four different green leafy vegetables: Sonchus asper L. Hill, Sonchus oleraceus L., Spinacia oleracea L. and Cichorium intybus L. The total content of the analyzed compounds was determined following the method of alkaline hydrolysis of the matrix and solvent extraction. The leaching of soluble solids after domestic cooking was found to determine a gain in the investigated bioactive compounds in the cooked vegetables, so to cause an apparent content increase in all leafy vegetables, when expressed as mg/100 g dry matter. Considering solid losses, all lipophilic compounds were not affected by boiling; on the contrary, steaming slightly significantly decreased the contents of lutein and β-carotene (on average 20 and 15%, respectively).
Collapse
|
19
|
Design a Database of Italian Vascular Alimurgic Flora (AlimurgITA): Preliminary Results. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040743. [PMID: 33920234 PMCID: PMC8069721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large number of data published in Italy on WEPs, there is no database providing a complete knowledge framework. Hence the need to design a database of the Italian alimurgic flora: AlimurgITA. Only strictly alimurgic taxa were chosen, excluding casual alien and cultivated ones. The collected data come from an archive of 358 texts (books and scientific articles) from 1918 to date, chosen with appropriate criteria. For each taxon, the part of the plant used, the method of use, the chorotype, the biological form and the regional distribution in Italy were considered. The 1103 taxa of edible flora already entered in the database equal 13.09% of Italian flora. The most widespread family is that of the Asteraceae (20.22%); the most widely used taxa are Cichorium intybus and Borago officinalis. The not homogeneous regional distribution of WEPs (maximum in the south and minimum in the north) has been interpreted. Texts published reached its peak during the 2001–2010 decade. A database for Italian WEPs is important to have a synthesis and to represent the richness and complexity of this knowledge, also in light of its potential for cultural enhancement, as well as its applications for the agri-food system.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063009. [PMID: 33809449 PMCID: PMC7999649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asteraceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families, with over 1600 genera and 2500 species worldwide. Some of its most well-known taxa are lettuce, chicory, artichoke, daisy and dandelion. The members of the Asteraceae have been used in the diet and for medicine for centuries. Despite their wide diversity, most family members share a similar chemical composition: for example, all species are good sources of inulin, a natural polysaccharide with strong prebiotic properties. They also demonstrate strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, as well as diuretic and wound healing properties. Their pharmacological effects can be attributed to their range of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes and triterpenes. One such example is arctiin: a ligand with numerous antioxidant, antiproliferative and desmutagenic activities. The family is also a source of sesquiterpene lactones: the secondary metabolites responsible for the bitter taste of many plants. This mini review examines the current state of literature regarding the positive effect of the Asteraceae family on human health.
Collapse
|