Psychometric properties of two abbreviated Connor-Davidson Resilience scales in Chinese infertile couples

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale-Short Form for infertile women

OBJECTIVE

To translate and culturally adapt the COMPI Fertility Problem Stress Scale-Short form (COMPI-FPSS-SF) and to test its reliability and validity in China.

METHODS

The cross-sectional study adopted Brislin's translation model to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross-culturally adapt the COMPI-FPSS-SF for the Chinese setting. A total of 279 infertile women were invited to participate in the study to test the reliability and validity of the scale between March and June 2021.

RESULTS

It was verified that the Chinese version of the COMPI-FPSS-SF has three domains with nine items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.907, and the coefficient for each dimension ranged from 0.760 to 0.855. The test-retest validity was 0.891. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors with eigenvalues of 4.499, 1.124, and 1.011 and a cumulative variance contribution of 73.706. The validity factor analysis showed good results for the three-factor structure fit. The criterion-related validity with the Fertility Inventory Short-Form Scale was 0.649. The above analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The Chinese version of the COMPI-FPSS-SF can be used for the assessment of fertility-related stress in infertility patients in China with good reliability and validity.

Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: a systematic review psychometrics properties using the COSMIN

Background

Psychometrical evaluation of persons of diverse contexts and different populations, including general or clinical.

Objective

This review study aimed to evaluate the psychometrics quality of resilience scales.

Methods

International and Iranian databases were searched with MESH terms, including "psychometric", "validity", "reliability", "Connor-Davidson resilience scale", "Resilience scale", for published articles up to 1 February 2023. For each of the selected studies, the risk of bias was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. Then the COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the entire text of the article for methodological quality.

Results

Considering the inclusion criteria, 80 documents were evaluated. According to the COSMIN's criteria for evaluating the risk of bias, the current study findings revealed the included studies' limitations in assessing the three versions of CD-RISC cross-cultural and content validity as well as their stability (e.g. conducting test re-test), whereas the majority of psychometric studies of CD-RISC-25, and CD-RISC-2 rated as very good or adequate in terms of structural validity. In terms of quality assessment of the included studies, the current study indicated that investigating the structural validity of the CD-RISC was mainly done based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis was absent.

Conclusion

The general result indicates the acceptability of the quality of the studies. However, concerns for measurement properties such as responsiveness and criterion validity as well as the standard error of measurement have been neglected.

The mediation effect of mental resilience between stress and coping style among parents of children with cochlear implants: Cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

This study aimed to examine the relationship of stress, mental resilience, and coping style, and the mediation effect of mental resilience between stress and coping style among parents of children with cochlear implants.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 231 parents of children with cochlear implants were recruited from May 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023 at a comprehensive tertiary hospital and a cochlear implant rehabilitation center in China. Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) were used to measure stress, mental resilience, and coping style respectively.

RESULTS

The mean score observed for PSI-SF, CD-RISC, active coping, and passive coping was 87.85 ± 24.59, 55.63 ± 16.11, 21.36 ± 6.73, and 9.05 ± 4.52, respectively. Mental resilience was a significant mediator explaining the effect of stress on active coping (β = -0.294; 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CI: -0.358 to -0.164).

CONCLUSIONS

Attention should be paid to the status of stress, mental resilience and coping style in parents of children with cochlear implants. Mental resilience mediated stress and coping style.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

This study provides a theoretical basis for establishing an active coping care program for parents of children with cochlear implants. There is a need to identify strategies that can help increase the level of mental resilience of parents of children with cochlear implants and more subjective and objective social support should be provided to reduce their stress and to encourage active coping style.

The prevalence and factors associated with posttraumatic growth after 3-years outbreak of COVID-19 among resident physicians in China: a cross-sectional study

Introduction

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global traumatic event that has profoundly struck individuals' mental health. However, this might potentially promote positive transformation such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Studies have indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the well-being of resident physicians, but little is known about PTG among this vulnerable population in China. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of PTG among Chinese resident physicians after 3-years outbreak of COVID-19.

Methods

An online survey was conducted from 9 March to 20 March in 2023. PTG was assessed using the 10-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). Scores ≥30 implied moderate-to-high PTG. We also collected possible associated factors for PTG, including socio-demographic and psychological variables. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

In total, 2267 Chinese resident physicians provided validated data. 38.7% of them reported moderate-to-high PTG. In the multivariable logistic regression models, age (odds ratio, OR = 1.039; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI = 1.008-1.070), female (OR = 1.383, 95%CI = 1.151-1.662), satisfied or neutral with annual income (OR = 2.078, 95%CI = 1.524-2.832; OR = 1.416, 95%CI = 1.157-1.732), sufficient support at work (OR = 1.432, 95%CI = 1.171-1.751) and resilience (OR = 1.171, 95%CI = 1.096-1.252) were significantly positively associated with moderate-to-high PTG. On the contrary, burnout (OR = 0.653, 95%CI = 0.525-0.812), depression symptoms (OR = 0.700, 95%CI = 0.552-0.889), and stress (OR = 0.757, 95%CI = 0.604-0.949) were significantly negatively associated with moderate-to-high PTG.

Discussion

Overall, resident physicians in China experienced relatively high prevalence of PTG that could be associated with several psychosocial factors. Findings may provide evidence to develop interventions for resident physicians to systematically and constructively process traumatic events related to the pandemic and foster their PTG.

Reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Immune Checkpoint Modulator

PURPOSE

This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the immune checkpoint modulator (ICM) subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Immune Checkpoint Modulator (FACT-ICM) scale and to validate the FACT-ICM scale in Chinese cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment.

METHODS

In total, 354 cancer patients treated with ICIs were included in our cross-sectional study including 2 phases. Firstly, the ICM subscale was translated and culturally adapted by standardized procedures. Then the FACT-ICM scale was validated, which included item analysis, content validity, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity, convergent/divergent validity, and known-group validity.

RESULTS

The content validity indexes at the item and scale level of the ICM subscale were greater than 0.8. No floor and ceiling effects were found. The Cronbach's α and McDonald's omega coefficients of the simplified Chinese version of the FACT-ICM scale were 0.935 and 0.936, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.833 (95% confidence interval: 0.574-0.940). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 5-subscale structure of the simplified Chinese version of the FACT-ICM scale (χ²/df = 2.144, RMSEA = 0.057, SRMR = 0.072, and CFI = 0.848). Convergent and divergent validity further supported the construct validity of the simplified Chinese version of the FACT-ICM scale. The known-group validity of the simplified Chinese version of the FACT-ICM scale was confirmed in patients with different physical statuses.

CONCLUSIONS

The simplified Chinese version of the FACT-ICM scale is a valid and reliable instrument and can be used in clinical practice and research on cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment.

COVID-19 affects psychological symptoms of pregnant women indirectly by increasing their maternal concerns

BACKGROUND

Pregnant women themselves are at higher risk for psychological symptoms. The impact of ongoing COVID-19 may increase the risk. However, it is uncertain whether COVID-19 affects pregnant women's psychological symptoms directly or indirectly being mediated.

METHODS

This survey was conducted in four obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in Beijing from February 28, 2020, to April 26, 2020. Pregnant women who visited the antenatal-care clinic were mobilized to finish the online questionnaires, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and Insomnia Severity Index.

RESULTS

A total of 828 pregnant women were included in the analysis. The estimated self-reported rates of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and any of the three were 12.2 %, 24.3 %, 13.3 %, and 33.1 %, respectively. Mediating effect analysis showed that pregnant women's response to COVID-19 was not directly associated with psychological symptoms but indirectly through the mediating effect of maternal concerns, which accounted for 32.35 % of the total effect. Stratified analysis by psychological resilience showed that women's attitude toward COVID-19 (OR, 2.68, 95 % CI: 1.16-6.18) was associated with a higher risk of psychological symptoms in those with poor psychological resilience.

LIMITATIONS

The study was a non-probability sampling survey, and the causal relationship between maternal concerns and psychological symptoms could not be determined due to the study's design.

CONCLUSIONS

Under public health emergencies such as COVID-19, routine antenatal care should still be prioritized, and concerns related to childbirth-related caused by such emergencies should also be addressed, especially for those with weak psychological resilience.

Mental Health, Support System, and Perceived Usefulness of Support in University Students in Hong Kong Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Survey

BACKGROUND

This study explored the association of students' mental health with their support system, identified the preferred ways and sources of support, investigated the perceived usefulness of available university support, and recommended actionable strategies to enhance students' mental health.

METHOD

An online questionnaire survey and semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted in 2021.

RESULTS

Among 1121 university students, 39.4% reported anxiety symptoms, which were less common in Chinese students and those pursuing medical and health programmes. Overall, 32.6% reported depression symptoms, which were more common in undergraduates. Both anxiety and depression symptoms were less common in students with higher resilience and support system and more common in students with family distress. Students with higher resilience had a better support system and less family distress. Perceived support from universities was lower than from peers and families. Peer support and phone contacts were the most preferred sources and ways of support. The most useful available university support was updated university guidelines, and the least useful was the emotional hotline service from universities The qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results.

CONCLUSION

We suggested that a holistic care approach and more proactive student-oriented university support would help students face adversity and enhance mental health.

Psychometric validity and reliability of the 10- and 2-item Connor-Davidson resilience scales among a national sample of Americans responding to the Covid-19 pandemic: an item response theory analysis

Purpose

Psychometric validity/reliability of 10-item and 2-item abbreviations of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10; CD-RISC-2) was investigated via item response theory and classic approaches.

Methods

We sampled 5023 adult American participants in a June/July 2020 survey on the COVID-19 pandemic’s psychological effects. Our questionnaire incorporated the CD-RISC-10 with other validated measures. CD-RISC-10 items were ranked on item-to-scale correlations, loadings on a one-factor confirmatory factor analysis model, and item slope/threshold parameters plus information curves from a unidimensional graded response model. Concurrent validity of the highest ranked item pair was evaluated vis-à-vis the CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC−2. Internal consistency, based on average variance extracted (AVE) and multiple reliability coefficients, was also compared. Convergent/divergent validity was tested by correlating anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, anxiety sensitivity, coping, and personality measures with both scales and the highest ranked item pair. Binary agreement/classification indexes assessed inter-rater reliability.

Results

Items 2 and 9 from CD-RISC-10 ranked the highest. Reliability coefficients were > 0.93, > 0.72, and > 0.82 for the CD-RISC-10, CD-RISC-2, vs summation of items 2 and 9. AVEs were 0.66, 0.67, and 0.77. CD-RISC abbreviations and the summation of items 2 and 9 correlated negatively with anxiety (> − 0.43), depression (> − 0.42), and fear of COVID-19 (> − 0.34); positively with emotional stability (> 0.53) and conscientiousness (> 0.40). Compared to the CD-RISC-2, summative scores of items 2 and 9 more efficiently classified/discriminated high resilience on the CD-RISC-10.

Conclusion

We confirmed construct validity/reliability of copyrighted CD-RISC abbreviations. The CD-RISC-10’s items 2 and 9 were psychometrically more salient than the CD-RISC−2.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11136-022-03125-y.