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Zheng Z, Fan Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Li Z. Cedrol alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis in rats through inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00921-3. [PMID: 38814422 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have shown that Cedrol (CE) exhibits extensive biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Moreover, it can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and the expression of various associated proteins. This study aimed to investigate the role of CE in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results showed that intragastric administration of CE (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly improved the bone microstructure damage and increased bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, and bone trabecular thickness in ovariectomized (OVX) rats (p < 0.05). CE treatment additionally made a well-organized arrangement of bone trabeculae and improved its thickness and density. Compared with the OVX group, the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from 5b and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were significantly reduced by 42.75% and 49.27% in the OVX + CE rats (p < 0.05). TRAP staining visually showed that the number of osteoclasts in the femur tissue of CE-treated rats was less than that of the OVX group. The expressions of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1, acid phosphatase 5, and cathepsin K in OVX + CE rats were significantly decreased by 51.61%, 46.07%, and 50.34% compared to the OVX group (p < 0.01). In addition, CE intervention effectively reduced the phosphorylation levels of P65 and IκBα and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, CE diminished the number of multinucleated osteoclasts induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand and hindered cell fusion as well as nuclear translocation of osteoclast precursor cells P65. In conclusion, CE inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Department of Medical Technology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Medical Technology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Nursing, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, China
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2
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Kawaai K, Oishi Y, Kuroda Y, Tamura R, Toda M, Matsuo K. Chordoma cells possess bone-dissolving activity at the bone invasion front. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00946-6. [PMID: 38652222 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chordomas are malignant tumors that destroy bones, compress surrounding nerve tissues and exhibit phenotypes that recapitulate notochordal differentiation in the axial skeleton. Chordomas recur frequently, as they resist radio-chemotherapy and are difficult to completely resect, leading to repeated bone destruction and local expansion via unknown mechanisms. Here, using chordoma specimens and JHC7 chordoma cells, we asked whether chordoma cells possess bone-dissolving activity. METHODS CT imaging and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the structure and mineral density of chordoma-invaded bone and osteolytic marker expression. JHC7 cells were subjected to immunocytochemistry, imaging of cell fusion, calcium dynamics and acidic vacuoles, and bone lysis assays. RESULTS In patients, we found that the skull base invaded by chordoma was highly porous, showed low mineral density and contained brachyury-positive chordoma cells and conventional osteoclasts both expressing the osteolytic markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and collagenases. JHC7 cells expressed TRAP and cathepsin K, became multinucleated via cell-cell fusion, showed spontaneous calcium oscillation, and were partly responsive to the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL. JHC7 cells exhibited large acidic vacuoles, and nonregulatory bone degradation without forming actin rings. Finally, bone-derived factors, calcium ions, TGF-β1, and IGF-1 enhanced JHC7 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION In chordoma, we propose that in addition to conventional bone resorption by osteoclasts, chordoma cells possess bone-dissolving activity at the tumor-bone boundary. Furthermore, bone destruction and tumor expansion may occur in a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Ma L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Dai Z, Huang G, Yang R, Yang H. The tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1075-1088. [PMID: 37353986 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is an inflammatory, infectious disease of polymicrobial origin that can damage tooth-supporting bone and tissue. Tree shrews, evolutionarily closer to humans than commonly used rodent models, have been increasingly used as biomedical models. However, a tree shrew periodontitis model has not yet been established. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced in male tree shrews/Sprague-Dawley rats by nylon thread ligature placement around the lower first molars. Thereafter, morphometric and histological analyses were performed. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was measured using micro-computed tomography. Periodontal pathological tissue damage, inflammation and osteoclastogenesis were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Post-operatively, gingival swelling, redness and spontaneous bleeding were observed in tree shrews but not in rats. After peaking, bone resorption decreased gradually until plateauing in tree shrews. Contrastingly, rapid and near-complete bone loss was observed in rats. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed 1 week post operation in both models. However, only the tree shrew model transitioned from acute to chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that a ligature-induced tree shrew model of periodontitis partly reproduced the pathological features of human periodontitis and provided theoretical support for using tree shrews as a potential model for human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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4
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Burciaga SD, Saavedra F, Fischer L, Johnstone K, Jensen ED. Protein kinase D3 conditional knockout impairs osteoclast formation and increases trabecular bone volume in male mice. Bone 2023; 172:116759. [PMID: 37044359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies using kinase inhibitors have shown that the protein kinase D (PRKD) family of serine/threonine kinases are required for formation and function of osteoclasts in culture. However, the involvement of individual protein kinase D genes and their in vivo significance to skeletal dynamics remains unclear. In the current study we present data indicating that protein kinase D3 is the primary form of PRKD expressed in osteoclasts. We hypothesized that loss of PRKD3 would impair osteoclast formation, thereby decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone mass. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Prkd3 using a murine Cre/Lox system driven by cFms-Cre revealed that its loss in osteoclast-lineage cells reduced osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function in culture. Examination of the Prkd3 cKO mice showed that bone parameters were unaffected in the femur at 4 weeks of age, but consistent with our hypothesis, Prkd3 conditional knockout resulted in 18 % increased trabecular bone mass in male mice at 12 weeks and a similar increase at 6 months. These effects were not observed in female mice. As a further test of our hypothesis, we asked if Prkd3 cKO could protect against bone loss in a ligature-induced periodontal disease model but did not see any reduction in bone destruction in this system. Together, our data indicate that PRKD3 promotes osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Burciaga
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Flavia Saavedra
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lori Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karen Johnstone
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric D Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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5
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Bakiri L. Open Thy Lattice Osteoclast, Resorb me! J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302033. [PMID: 36928467 PMCID: PMC10040631 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts degrade bone using Cathepsin K and two metalloproteinases: MMP9 and MMP14. In addition to cleaving collagen, Zhu et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202206121) discover that MMP9 and MMP14 also proteolyze galectin-3 on the cell surface. This process drives a galectin-3/LRP1 signaling axis that supports the hard tissue-resorbing function of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bakiri
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Fang J, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang Z, Zheng S, Cheng Y, Liu S, Hao L. The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in bone remodeling: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124125. [PMID: 36948334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a polypeptide hormone with vital biological functions in bone cells. The abnormal expression of IGF-1 has a serious effect on bone growth, particularly bone remodeling. Evidence from animal models and human disease suggested that both IGF-1 deficiency and excess cause changes in bone remodeling equilibrium, resulting in profound alterations in bone mass and development. Here, we first introduced the functions and mechanisms of the members of IGFs in bone. Subsequently, the critical role of IGF-1 in the process of bone remodeling were emphasized from the aspects of bone resorption and bone formation respectively. This review explains the mechanism of IGF-1 in maintaining bone mass and bone homeostasis to a certain extent and provides a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xunming Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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7
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Huybrechts Y, Van Hul W. Osteopetrosis associated with PLEKHM1 and SNX10 genes, both involved in osteoclast vesicular trafficking. Bone 2022; 164:116520. [PMID: 35981699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and radiological variability seen in different forms of osteopetrosis, all due to impaired osteoclastic bone resorption, reflect many causal genes. Both defective differentiation of osteoclasts from hematopoietic stem cells as well as disturbed functioning of osteoclasts can be the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Pathogenic variants in PLEKHM1 and SNX10 can be classified among the latter as they impair vesicular transport within the osteoclast and therefore result in the absence of a ruffled border. Some of the typical radiological hallmarks of osteopetrosis can be seen, and most cases present as a relatively mild form segregating in an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Huybrechts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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Elson A, Anuj A, Barnea-Zohar M, Reuven N. The origins and formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Bone 2022; 164:116538. [PMID: 36028118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCLs) are hematopoietic cells whose physiological function is to degrade bone. OCLs are key players in the processes that determine and maintain the mass, shape, and physical properties of bone. OCLs adhere to bone tightly and degrade its matrix by secreting protons and proteases onto the underlying surface. The combination of low pH and proteases degrades the mineral and protein components of the matrix and forms a resorption pit; the degraded material is internalized by the cell and then secreted into the circulation. Insufficient or excessive activity of OCLs can lead to significant changes in bone and either cause or exacerbate symptoms of diseases, as in osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and cancer-induced bone lysis. OCLs are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursor cells whose origins are in two distinct embryonic cell lineages - erythromyeloid progenitor cells of the yolk sac, and hematopoietic stem cells. OCLs are formed in a multi-stage process that is induced by the cytokines M-CSF and RANKL, during which the cells differentiate, fuse to form multi-nucleated cells, and then differentiate further to become mature, bone-resorbing OCLs. Recent studies indicate that OCLs can undergo fission in vivo to generate smaller cells, called "osteomorphs", that can be "re-cycled" by fusing with other cells to form new OCLs. In this review we describe OCLs and discuss their cellular origins and the cellular and molecular events that drive osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Anuj Anuj
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maayan Barnea-Zohar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nina Reuven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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9
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Tocotrienol as a Protecting Agent against Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Mini Review of Potential Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185862. [PMID: 36144598 PMCID: PMC9506150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteogenic dysfunction is the main pathologyical mechanism underlying the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids promote adipogenic differentiation and osteoblast apoptosis through various pathways. Various ongoing studies are exploring the potential of natural products in preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Preclinical studies have consistently shown the bone protective effects of tocotrienol through its antioxidant and anabolic effects. This review aims to summarise the potential mechanisms of tocotrienol in preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis based on existing in vivo and in vitro evidence. The current literature showed that tocotrienol prevents oxidative damage on osteoblasts exposed to high levels of glucocorticoids. Tocotrienol reduces lipid peroxidation and increases oxidative stress enzyme activities. The reduction in oxidative stress protects the osteoblasts and preserves the bone microstructure and biomechanical strength of glucocorticoid-treated animals. In other animal models, tocotrienol has been shown to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lower the RANKL/OPG ratio, which are the targets of glucocorticoids. In conclusion, tocotrienol enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in glucocorticoid-treated osteoblasts while improving structural integrity in glucocorticoid-treated rats. This is achieved by preventing oxidative stress and osteoblast apoptosis. However, these preclinical results should be validated in a randomised controlled trial.
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10
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Systemic Dietary Hesperidin Modulation of Osteoclastogenesis, Bone Homeostasis and Periodontal Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137100. [PMID: 35806105 PMCID: PMC9266620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hesperidin (HE) on in vitro osteoclastogenesis and dietary supplementation on mouse periodontal disease and femoral bone phenotype. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with RANKL in the presence or absence of HE (1, 100 or 500 µM) for 5 days, and evaluated by TRAP, TUNEL and Western Blot (WB) analyses. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were given HE via oral gavage (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. A sterile silk ligature was placed between the first and second right maxillary molars for 10 days and microcomputed tomography (μCT), histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation were performed. Femoral bones subjected or not to dietary HE (500 mg/kg) for 6 and 12 weeks were evaluated using μCT. In vitro, HE 500 µM reduced formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP-positive(+) multinucleated cells (500 µM) as well as c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression (p < 0.05), markers of osteoclasts. In vivo, dietary HE 500 mg/kg increased the alveolar bone resorption in ligated teeth (p < 0.05) and resulted in a significant increase in TRAP+ cells (p < 0.05). Gingival inflammatory infiltrate was greater in the HE 500 mg/kg group even in the absence of ligature. In femurs, HE 500 mg/kg protected trabecular and cortical bone mass at 6 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, HE impaired in vitro osteoclastogenesis, but on the contrary, oral administration of a high concentration of dietary HE increased osteoclast numbers and promoted inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss. However, HE at 500 mg/kg can promote a bone-sparing effect on skeletal bone under physiological conditions.
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11
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Crocus sativus L. Petal Extract Inhibits Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Cell Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061290. [PMID: 35745865 PMCID: PMC9230138 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) are traditionally processed to produce saffron, a spice widely used as a food coloring and flavoring agent, which is important in the pharmaceutical and textile dye-producing industries. The labor-intensive by-hand harvesting and the use of only a small amount of each flower cause saffron to be the most expensive spice in the world. Crocus sp. petals are by-products of saffron production and represent an interesting raw material for the preparation of extracts intended for health protection in the perspective of a circular economy. In the present study, ethanolic extract from Crocus sativus L. petals (Crocus sativus L. petal extract, CsPE) was tested on macrophages by in vitro models of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. The extract was found to be endowed with anti-inflammatory activity, significantly reducing the nitric oxide production and IL-6 release by RAW 264.7 murine cells. Moreover, CsPE demonstrated an anti-osteoclastogenic effect, as revealed by a complete inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast formation and a decreased expression of key osteoclast-related genes. This study, which focuses on the macrophage as the target cell of the bioactive extract from Crocus sativus L. petals, suggests that the petal by-product of saffron processing can usefully be part of a circular economy network aimed at producing an extract that potentially prevents bone disruption.
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12
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Dong M, Zeng J, Yang C, Qiu Y, Wang X. Asiatic Acid Attenuates Osteoporotic Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice Through Inhibiting NF-kappaB/MAPK/ Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829741. [PMID: 35211021 PMCID: PMC8861314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition associated with osteolytic bone disease that is primarily characterized by inordinate osteoclast activation. Protein kinase B (Akt) pathways activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) are essential for osteoclastogenesis. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. AA has been found to alleviate the hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotype of chondrocytes via the Akt signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether AA alleviated bone loss by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway during osteoclastogenesis and its effect on osteoblasts. The effect of AA cytotoxicity on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages/monocytes (BMMs) was evaluated in vitro using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effects of AA on osteoclast differentiation and function were detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and a pit formation assay. A Western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to evaluate the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and protein signaling molecules. In addition, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were performed to assess osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The bone protective effect of AA was investigated in vivo using ovariectomized mice. we found that AA could dose-dependently inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the pit formation assay revealed that osteoclast function was suppressed by treatment with AA. Moreover, the expression of osteoclast-specific genes was found to be substantially decreased during osteoclastogenesis. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms showed that AA could inhibit NF-kappaB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, as well as the downstream factors of NFATc1 in the osteoclast signaling pathway activated by RANKL. However, AA did not significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The in vivo experiments suggested that AA could alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Our results demonstrate that AA can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting the NF-kappaB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway. The discovery of the new molecular mechanism that AA inhibits osteoclastogenesis provides essential evidence to support the use of AA as a potential drug for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jican Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yisen Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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13
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Pan B, Zheng L, Fang J, Lin Y, Lai H, Gao J, Pan W, Zhang Y, Ni K, Lou C, He D. Azilsartan Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Activating Nrf2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774709. [PMID: 34899338 PMCID: PMC8662525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and destruction of the bone microarchitecture, and it commonly occurs in postmenopausal women and the elderly. Overactivation of osteoclasts caused by the inflammatory response or oxidative stress leads to osteoporosis. An increasing number of studies have suggested that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly associated with osteoclastogenesis. As a novel angiotensin (Ang) II receptor blocker (ARB), azilsartan was reported to be associated with the inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress processes. However, the relationship between azilsartan and osteoclastogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of azilsartan on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Azilsartan significantly inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis and downregulated the expression of osteoclast-associated markers (Nfatc1, c-Fos, and Ctsk) in vitro. Furthermore, azilsartan reduced RANKL-induced ROS production by increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mechanistically, azilsartan inhibited the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, while Nrf2 silencing reversed the inhibitory effect of azilsartan on MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Consistent with the in vitro data, azilsartan administration ameliorated ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis, and decreased ROS levels in vivo. In conclusion, azilsartan inhibited oxidative stress and may be a novel treatment strategy for osteoporosis caused by osteoclast overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Hehuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Wenzheng Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yejin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Kainan Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Lishui hospital, Lishui, China
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14
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Cohen-Karlik E, Awida Z, Bergman A, Eshed S, Nestor O, Kadashev M, Yosef SB, Saed H, Mansour Y, Globerson A, Neumann D, Gabet Y. Quantification of Osteoclasts in Culture, Powered by Machine Learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674710. [PMID: 34113621 PMCID: PMC8186397 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro osteoclastogenesis is a central assay in bone biology to study the effect of genetic and pharmacologic cues on the differentiation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. To date, identification of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and measurements of osteoclast number and surface rely on a manual tracing requiring specially trained lab personnel. This task is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to operator bias. Here, we propose to replace this laborious manual task with a completely automatic process using algorithms developed for computer vision. To this end, we manually annotated full cultures by contouring each cell, and trained a machine learning algorithm to detect and classify cells into preosteoclast (TRAP+ cells with 1-2 nuclei), osteoclast type I (cells with more than 3 nuclei and less than 15 nuclei), and osteoclast type II (cells with more than 15 nuclei). The training usually requires thousands of annotated samples and we developed an approach to minimize this requirement. Our novel strategy was to train the algorithm by working at "patch-level" instead of on the full culture, thus amplifying by >20-fold the number of patches to train on. To assess the accuracy of our algorithm, we asked whether our model measures osteoclast number and area at least as well as any two trained human annotators. The results indicated that for osteoclast type I cells, our new model achieves a Pearson correlation (r) of 0.916 to 0.951 with human annotators in the estimation of osteoclast number, and 0.773 to 0.879 for estimating the osteoclast area. Because the correlation between 3 different trained annotators ranged between 0.948 and 0.958 for the cell count and between 0.915 and 0.936 for the area, we can conclude that our trained model is in good agreement with trained lab personnel, with a correlation that is similar to inter-annotator correlation. Automation of osteoclast culture quantification is a useful labor-saving and unbiased technique, and we suggest that a similar machine-learning approach may prove beneficial for other morphometrical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo Cohen-Karlik
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zamzam Awida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Bergman
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Eshed
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Nestor
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michelle Kadashev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sapir Ben Yosef
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussam Saed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yishay Mansour
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Globerson
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Matsubara T, Addison WN, Kokabu S, Neff L, Horne W, Gori F, Baron R. Characterization of unique functionalities in c-Src domains required for osteoclast podosome belt formation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100790. [PMID: 34019873 PMCID: PMC8196221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of c-Src, a ubiquitously expressed tyrosine kinase, results in osteoclast dysfunction and osteopetrosis, in which bones harden into "stone." In contrast, deletion of the genes encoding other members of the Src family kinase (SFK) fails to produce an osteopetrotic phenotype. This suggests that c-Src performs a unique function in the osteoclast that cannot be compensated for by other SFKs. We aimed to identify the molecular basis of this unique role in osteoclasts and bone resorption. We found that c-Src, Lyn, and Fyn were the most highly expressed SFKs in WT osteoclasts, whereas Hck, Lck, Blk, and Fgr displayed low levels of expression. Formation of the podosome belt, clusters of unique actin assemblies, was disrupted in src-/- osteoclasts; introduction of constitutively activated SFKs revealed that only c-Src and Fyn could restore this process. To identify the key structural domains responsible, we constructed chimeric Src-Hck and Src-Lyn constructs in which the unique, SH3, SH2, or catalytic domains had been swapped. We found that the Src unique, SH3, and kinase domains were each crucial to establish Src functionality. The SH2 domain could however be substituted with Lyn or Hck SH2 domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that c-Src's functionality is, in part, derived from an SH3-proximal proline-rich domain interaction with c-Cbl, leading to phosphorylation of c-Cbl Tyr700. These data help clarify Src's unique functionality in the organization of the cytoskeleton in osteoclasts, required for efficient bone resorption and explain why c-Src cannot be replaced, in osteoclasts, by other SFKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - William N Addison
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lynn Neff
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Horne
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Gori
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Endocrine Unit, MGH, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Nedeva IR, Vitale M, Elson A, Hoyland JA, Bella J. Role of OSCAR Signaling in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641162. [PMID: 33912557 PMCID: PMC8072347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of mature bone-resorbing cells through osteoclastogenesis is required for the continuous remodeling and repair of bone tissue. In aging and disease this process may become aberrant, resulting in excessive bone degradation and fragility fractures. Interaction of receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) with its ligand RANKL activates the main signaling pathway for osteoclastogenesis. However, compelling evidence indicates that this pathway may not be sufficient for the production of mature osteoclast cells and that co-stimulatory signals may be required for both the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), a regulator of osteoclast differentiation, provides one such co-stimulatory pathway. This review summarizes our present knowledge of osteoclastogenesis signaling and the role of OSCAR in the normal production of bone-resorbing cells and in bone disease. Understanding the signaling mechanism through this receptor and how it contributes to the production of mature osteoclasts may offer a more specific and targeted approach for pharmacological intervention against pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva R Nedeva
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Vitale
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Bella
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Wang B, Bai S, Wang J, Ren N, Xie R, Cheng G, Yu Y. TPCA-1 negatively regulates inflammation mediated by NF-κB pathway in mouse chronic periodontitis model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 36:192-201. [PMID: 33768683 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of immune system plays a crucial function in periodontitis development. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are thought to be critical for the generation and development of periodontitis. The enhanced activity of osteoclasts contributes to periodontitis pathogenesis. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway directly enhances osteoclast differentiation and maturation. 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) is a IκB kinases (IKK) inhibitor. This research aimed to investigate whether TPCA-1 had influence on the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Mouse chronic periodontitis was induced by an in vivo ligature-induced periodontitis model. TPCA-1 was intravenously injected into mice after chronic periodontitis induction. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-conditioned media with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) induce in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Western blot was used to analyze protein levels and mRNA levels were analyzed through qRT-PCR. TPCA-1 promoted osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-related gene expression in vitro. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in osteoclasts induced by lipopolysaccharides was inhibited by TPCA-1 in vitro. In vitro TPCA-1 treatment inhibited Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signal activation in osteoclasts. The induction of chronic periodontitis was inhibited by the absence of IKKb in mice. This research demonstrates that the treatment of TPCA-1 negatively regulates inflammation response and inhibits the osteoclastogenesis through the inactivation of NF-κB pathway in mouse chronic periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shizhu Bai
- Digital Center, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Ren
- Digital Center, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Digital Center, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Geng Cheng
- Digital Center, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Magnusson C, Uribe P, Jugdaohsingh R, Powell JJ, Johansson A, Ransjö M. Inhibitory effects of orthosilicic acid on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1967-1978. [PMID: 33817967 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported on the positive effects of silicon (Si) on bone metabolism, particularly on the stimulatory effects of Si on osteoblast cells and on bone formation. Inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclast formation and bone resorption have also been demonstrated in vitro and are suggested to be mediated indirectly via stromal and osteoblast cells. Direct effects of Si on osteoclasts have been less studied and mostly using soluble Si, but no characterisation of the Si treatment solutions are provided. The aims of the present study were to (a) further investigate the direct inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, (b) determine at what stage during osteoclastogenesis Si acts upon, and (c) determine if these effects can be attributed to the biologically relevant soluble orthosilicic acid specie. Our results demonstrate that silicon, at 50 μg/ml (or 1.8 mM), does not affect cell viability but directly inhibits the formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the expression of osteoclast phenotypic genes in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of Si was clearly associated with the early stages (first 24 hr) of osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, these effects can be attributed to the soluble orthosilicic acid specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Magnusson
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Johansson
- Unit of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ransjö
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Ali M, Yang F, Plachokova AS, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Application of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a review. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12759. [PMID: 33565133 PMCID: PMC7986752 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaling and root planning is a key element in the mechanical therapy used for the eradication of biofilm, which is the major etiological factor for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. However, periodontitis is also a host mediated disease, therefore, removal of the biofilm without adjunctive therapy may not achieve the desired clinical outcome due to persistent activation of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Most recently, even the resident cells of the periodontium, including periodontal ligament fibroblasts, have been shown to produce several inflammatory factors in response to bacterial challenge. With increased understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis, more research is focusing on opposing excessive inflammation with specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). This review article covers the major limitations of current standards of care for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis, and it highlights recent advances and prospects of SPMs in the context of tissue reconstruction and regeneration. Here, we focus primarily on the role of SPMs in restoring tissue homeostasis after periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Ali
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelina S Plachokova
- Department of Dentistry, Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Stein M, Barnea-Zohar M, Shalev M, Arman E, Brenner O, Winograd-Katz S, Gerstung J, Thalji F, Kanaan M, Elinav H, Stepensky P, Geiger B, Tuckermann J, Elson A. Massive osteopetrosis caused by non-functional osteoclasts in R51Q SNX10 mutant mice. Bone 2020; 136:115360. [PMID: 32278070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The R51Q mutation in sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) was shown to cause a lethal genetic disease in humans, namely autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO). We describe here the first R51Q SNX10 knock-in mouse model and show that mice homozygous for this mutation exhibit massive, early-onset, and widespread osteopetrosis. The mutant mice exhibit multiple additional characteristics of the corresponding human disease, including stunted growth, failure to thrive, missing or impacted teeth, occasional osteomyelitis, and a significantly-reduced lifespan. Osteopetrosis in this model is the result of osteoclast inactivity that, in turn, is caused by absence of ruffled borders in the mutant osteoclasts and by their inability to secrete protons. These results confirm that the R51Q mutation in SNX10 is a causative factor in ARO and provide a model system for studying this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maayan Barnea-Zohar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Esther Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabina Winograd-Katz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jennifer Gerstung
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fadi Thalji
- Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Moien Kanaan
- Hereditary Research Laboratory and Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Hila Elinav
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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21
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Liu H, He J, Koh SP, Zhong Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Z, Tam BT, Lin P, Xiao M, Young KH, Amini B, Starbuck MW, Lee HC, Navone NM, Davis RE, Tong Q, Bergsagel PL, Hou J, Yi Q, Orlowski RZ, Gagel RF, Yang J. Reprogrammed marrow adipocytes contribute to myeloma-induced bone disease. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/494/eaau9087. [PMID: 31142679 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma are caused by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and reduced bone formation. A unique feature of myeloma is a failure of bone healing after successful treatment. We observed adipocytes on trabecular bone near the resorbed area in successfully treated patients. Normal marrow adipocytes, when cocultured with myeloma cells, were reprogrammed and produced adipokines that activate osteoclastogenesis and suppress osteoblastogenesis. These adipocytes have reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mediated by recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which modifies PPARγ promoter methylation at trimethyl lysine-27 histone H3. We confirmed the importance of methylation in the PPARγ promoter by demonstrating that adipocyte-specific knockout of EZH2, a member of the PRC2, prevents adipocyte reprogramming and reverses bone changes in a mouse model. We validated the strong correlation between the frequency of bone lesions and the expression of EZH2 in marrow adipocytes from patients in remission. These results define a role for adipocytes in genesis of myeloma-associated bone disease and that reversal of adipocyte reprogramming has therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Su Pin Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zongwei Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael W Starbuck
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yi
- Cancer Center for Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert F Gagel
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Fang JY, Yang Z, Han B. Switch of macrophage fusion competency by 3D matrices. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10348. [PMID: 32587271 PMCID: PMC7316750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body reaction reflects the integration between biomaterials and host cells. At the implantation microenvironment, macrophages usually fuse into multinuclear cells, also known as foreign body giant cells, to respond to the biomaterial implants. To understand the biomaterial-induced macrophage fusion, we examined whether biomaterial alone can initiate and control the fusion rate without exogenous cytokines and chemicals. We introduced a collagen-based 3D matrix to embed Raw264.7 cell line and primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found the biomaterial-stimuli interacted regional macrophages and altered the overall fusogenic protein expressions to regulate the macrophage fusion rate. The fusion rate could be altered by modulating the cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. The fused macrophage morphologies, the nuclei number in the fused macrophage, and the fusion rates were matrix dependent. The phenomena were also observed in the in vivo models. These results suggest that the biomaterial-derived stimuli exert similar functions as cytokines to alter the competency of macrophage fusion as well as their drug sensitivity in the biomaterial implanted tissue environment. Furthermore, this in vitro 3D-matrix model has the potential to serve as a toolbox to predict the host tissue response on implanted biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Y Fang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Center of Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Bo Han
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Souther California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Liu FL, Chen CL, Lai CC, Lee CC, Chang DM. Arecoline suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and attenuates LPS-induced bone loss in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153195. [PMID: 32200293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Areca nut has anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antihypertensive, and antidepressant properties. The pathological hallmarks of inflammatory joint diseases are an increased number of osteoclasts and impaired differentiation of osteoblasts, which may disrupt the bone remodeling balance and eventually lead to bone loss. PURPOSE The present study assessed the effects of arecoline, the main alkaloid found in areca nut, on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function. METHOD M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were incubated with several concentrations of arecoline, and TRAP staining and pit formation were assessed to monitor osteoclast formation. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to analyze the expression of osteoclast-associated genes and signaling pathways. The effects of arecoline on bone were investigated in an in vivo mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced trabecular bone loss after oral administration of arecoline. Alizarin red S staining and assays to measure ALP activity and the transcription level of osteoblast-related genes were used to evaluate the effects of arecoline on osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. RESULTS In a dose-dependent manner, arecoline at concentrations of 50-100 μM reduced both the development of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the formation of resorption pits in M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs. In M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated BMMs, arecoline also suppressed the expression and translocation of c-Fos and NFATcl, and osteoclast differentiated-related genes via interference with the AKT, MAPK, and NF-kB activation pathways. Femur bone loss and microcomputed tomography parameters were recovered by oral administration of arecoline in the mouse LPS-induced bone loss model. Lastly, arecoline increased ALP activity, bone mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes, such as ALP and Runx2, in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that arecoline may attenuate or prevent bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblastogenesis. These findings provide evidence supporting arecoline's use as a potential therapeutic agent in bone-loss disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Lan Liu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Biobank Management Center of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lai
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Matsubara T, Yaginuma T, Addison WN, Fujita Y, Watanabe K, Yoshioka I, Hikiji H, Maki K, Baron R, Kokabu S. Plectin stabilizes microtubules during osteoclastic bone resorption by acting as a scaffold for Src and Pyk2. Bone 2020; 132:115209. [PMID: 31866495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells which maintain bone homeostasis by resorbing bone. During bone resorption, osteoclasts attach to the bone matrix via a sealing zone formed by an actin ring. Rous sarcoma oncogene (Src) is essential for actin ring formation and bone resorption. Recently, we demonstrated that plectin, a cytolinker protein, is a Src-binding protein in osteoclasts. However, the function of plectin in osteoclasts remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that shRNA knockdown of plectin in RAW 264.7 cells resulted in tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear cells (TRAP (+) MNCs) with impaired actin ring formation and bone resorption activity. Moreover, we found that in plectin-silenced TRAP (+) MNCs, Src and protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (Pyk2), two critical kinases in osteoclastic bone resorption, were inactivated and microtubule polarity was disturbed. These results suggest that plectin plays a critical role in osteoclast biology by acting as a scaffold to facilitate Src and Pyk2 activation during microtubule organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan.
| | - Tatsuki Yaginuma
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan; Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - William N Addison
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Kouji Watanabe
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshioka
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hisako Hikiji
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Kenshi Maki
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
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Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116759 PMCID: PMC7013034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone’s main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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26
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Luan Z, Li J, Huang X, Feng W, Ma S, Song F, Wu Z, Zhang X, Wei L, Yang Z, Yao J. Gö6983 attenuates breast cancer-induced osteolysis by the apoptotic pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:838-847. [PMID: 31814221 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis caused by breast cancer leads to significant complications in treatment, and the resulting osteolysis considerably affects patients' overall survival and quality of life. Gö6983 is a broad spectrum protein kinase C inhibitor. In this study, based on our finding that the Gö6983 inhibits osteolysis, we applied Gö6983 to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-induced mouse bone metastasis model. And we found that Gö6983 has a strong inhibitory effect on the tumorigenic model of breast cancer by promoting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that Gö6983 has a potential inhibitory effect on breast cancer-induced osteoclast activation and provides mechanistic insight that may prove useful for designing future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luan
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiting Ma
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengyang Song
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenyi Yang
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Radzi NFM, Ismail NAS, Alias E. Tocotrienols Regulate Bone Loss through Suppression on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1095-1107. [PMID: 29412105 PMCID: PMC6094554 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180207092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background There are accumulating studies reporting that vitamin E in general exhibits bone protective effects. This systematic review, however discusses the effects of a group of vitamin E isomers, tocotrienols in preventing bone loss through osteoclast differentiation and activity suppression. Objective This review is aimed to discuss the literature reporting the effects of tocotrienols on osteoclasts, the cells specialized for resorbing bone. Results Out of the total 22 studies from the literature search, only 11 of them were identified as relevant, which comprised of eight animal studies, two in vitro studies and only one combination of both. The in vivo studies indicated that tocotrienols improve the bone health and reduce bone loss via inhibition of osteoclast formation and resorption activity, which could be through regulation of RANKL and OPG expression as seen from their levels in the sera. This is well supported by data from the in vitro studies demonstrating the suppression of osteoclast formation and resorption activity following treatment with tocotrienol isomers. Conclusion Thus, tocotrienols are suggested to be potential antioxidants for prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases characterized by increased bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathiah Mohd Radzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Al Anouti F, Taha Z, Shamim S, Khalaf K, Al Kaabi L, Alsafar H. An insight into the paradigms of osteoporosis: From genetics to biomechanics. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100216. [PMID: 31372373 PMCID: PMC6661363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered as one of the major epidemics of the 21st century, osteoporosis affects approximately 200 million people globally, with significant worldwide impact on rates of morbidity and mortality and massive socioeconomic burdens. Mainly characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of bone fragility/deterioration, this devastating silent epidemic typically has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. The multifactorial disease, osteoporosis is instigated by complex interactions between genetic, metabolic and environmental factors, with severe impact on the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. This article provides a review of the epidemiology, genetic and biomechanical aspects of primary osteoporosis. The review begins with a summary of the epidemiology and global prevalence of osteoporosis. Sections 1 and 2 discuss the genetic associations and molecular signaling pathways involved in normal and pathological osteogenesis while Section 3 explores the biomechanics of osteoporosis and its quantitative damaging effects on critical bone mechanical properties, and associated bone remodeling. Overall, this review summarizes the recent findings about osteoporosis and emphasizes the importance of an integrative holistic approach in investigating osteoporosis towards providing better informed, more effective preventive and treatment modalities. Importantly, this work also explores the limited available literature on the various aspects of osteoporosis in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and Middle East despite its alarming prevalence in the region, and highlights the need for further research and studies taking into consideration the importance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene influencing the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Al Anouti
- Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Taha
- Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sadia Shamim
- Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leena Al Kaabi
- Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab emirates.,Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Yan L, Lu L, Hu F, Shetti D, Wei K. Piceatannol attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by suppressing MAPK, NF-κB and AKT signalling pathways and promotes Caspase3-mediated apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190360. [PMID: 31312498 PMCID: PMC6599799 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinuclear giant cells that have unique ability to degrade bone. The search for new medicines that modulate the formation and function of osteoclasts is a potential approach for treating osteoclast-related bone diseases. Piceatannol (PIC) is a natural organic polyphenolic stilbene compound found in diverse plants with a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of PIC on bone health has not been scrutinized systematically. In this study, we used RAW264.7, an osteoclast lineage of cells of murine macrophages, to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of PIC on osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrated that PIC treatment ranging from 0 to 40 µM strongly inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PIC was accompanied by the decrease of osteoclast-specific genes. At the molecular level, PIC suppressed the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), NF-κB p65, IκBα and AKT. Besides, PIC promoted the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts by inducing caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that PIC inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing MAPK, NF-κB and AKT signalling pathways and promoted caspase3-mediated apoptosis of mature osteoclasts, which might contribute to the treatment of bone diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dattatrya Shetti
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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30
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Peyroteo MMA, Belinha J, Dinis LMJS, Natal Jorge RM. A new biological bone remodeling in silico model combined with advanced discretization methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 35:e3196. [PMID: 30835964 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling remains a highly researched topic investigated by many strands of science. The main purpose of this work is formulating a new computational framework for biological simulation, extending the version of the bone remodeling model previously proposed by Komarova. Thus, considering only the biological aspect of the remodeling process, the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is taken into account as well as its impact on bone mass. It is conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of a remodeling cycle obtaining a dynamic behavior of bone cells very similar to the biological process already described in the literature. The numerical example used is based on bone images obtained with scanning electron microscopy. During simulation, it is possible to observe the variation of bone's architecture through isomaps. These maps are obtained through the combination of biological bone remodeling models with three distinct numerical techniques-finite element method (FEM), radial point interpolation method (RPIM), and natural neighbor radial point interpolation method (NNRPIM). A study combining these numerical techniques allows to compare their performance. Ultimately, this work supports the inclusion of meshless methods due to their smoother results and its easiness to be combined with medical images from CT scans and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena M A Peyroteo
- INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Belinha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia M J S Dinis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato M Natal Jorge
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Plotkin LI, Bruzzaniti A. Molecular signaling in bone cells: Regulation of cell differentiation and survival. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:237-281. [PMID: 31036293 PMCID: PMC7416488 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of proper bone mass and architecture, and their maintenance throughout life requires the concerted actions of osteoblasts, the bone forming cells, and osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells. The differentiation and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are regulated by molecules produced by matrix-embedded osteocytes, as well as by cross talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts through secreted factors. In addition, it is likely that direct contact between osteoblast and osteoclast precursors, and the contact of these cells with osteocytes and cells in the bone marrow, also modulates bone cell differentiation and function. With the advancement of molecular and genetic tools, our comprehension of the intracellular signals activated in bone cells has evolved significantly, from early suggestions that osteoblasts and osteoclasts have common precursors and that osteocytes are inert cells in the bone matrix, to the very sophisticated understanding of a network of receptors, ligands, intracellular kinases/phosphatases, transcription factors, and cell-specific genes that are known today. These advances have allowed the design and FDA-approval of new therapies to preserve and increase bone mass and strength in a wide variety of pathological conditions, improving bone health from early childhood to the elderly. We have summarized here the current knowledge on selected intracellular signal pathways activated in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Yang XW, Wang F, Qin RZ, Zhou QL, Huang HX. Elevated serum CCL4/MIP-1β levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients are linked with disease severity. Biomark Med 2018; 13:17-25. [PMID: 30561228 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate if the serum CC motif ligand 4 (CCL4) levels are linked to disease severity in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). PATIENTS & METHODS We enrolled 66 PMOP females, 68 postmenopausal nonosteoporotic women and 67 healthy women of childbearing age. Bone mineral densities were assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry scans. The Oswestry disability index and the visual analog scale were employed to quantify functional ability and severity of symptoms. Serum CCL4 levels were examined with a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We observed a significant negative correlation of CCL4 serum levels with bone mineral density. Furthermore, serum CCL4 concentrations were significantly related to the visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores. CONCLUSION Serum CCL4 is a potential biomarker to evaluate disease severity in PMOP females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangZhou, GuangDong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Ru-Zi Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangZhou, GuangDong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Qin-Lin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangZhou, GuangDong Province, 510006, PR China
| | - Hong-Xing Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou University of Chinese Medicine, GuangZhou, GuangDong Province, 510170, PR China
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Kim EJ, Lee H, Kim MH, Yang WM. Inhibition of RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation by Schisandra chinensis through down-regulation of NFATc1 and c-fos expression. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:270. [PMID: 30285722 PMCID: PMC6167898 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Schisandra chinenesis (SC) has been reported to have ameliorative effect on osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-osteoporosis activity of SC have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we determined the effects of SC on The receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and its potential mechanism. Methods Raw 264.7 cells were treated with 0.6, 6 and 60 μg/mL SC in the presence of 100 ng/mL RANKL for 7 days. RANKL-induced osteoclast formation was analyzed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The osteoclast differentiation-related factors were confirmed along with TNF-α. Results SC inhibits the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in dose-dependent manner within non-toxic concentrations. The supernatant concentrations of TNF-α were significantly decreased by SC treatment. In addition, osteoclastogenesis-related factors, TRAP6 and NF-κB, were markedly decreased by SC in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Mechanistically, SC reduced the RANKL-triggered NFATc1 and c-fos expressions. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that SC can modulate bone metabolism by suppressing RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2331-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Huang JM, Ren RY, Bao Y, Guo JC, Xiang W, Jing XZ, Shi J, Zhang GX, Li L, Tian Y, Kang H, Guo FJ. Ulinastatin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Suppresses Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Downregulating uPAR. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1016. [PMID: 30245631 PMCID: PMC6137085 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that uPAR acts a crucial part in cell migration and the modulation of bone homeostasis. As a natural serine protease inhibitor, ulinastatin owns the capacity to reduce proinflammatory factors, downregulate the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. Osteoclastogenesis has been demonstrated to be related with low-grade inflammation which involves cell migration, thus we speculate that ulinastatin may have a certain kind of impact on uPAR so as to be a potential inhibiting agent of osteoclastogenesis. In this research, we investigated the role which ulinastatin plays in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Ulinastatin inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), and knockdown of uPAR could completely repress the formation of osteoclasts. At the molecular level, ulinastatin suppressed RANKL-induced activation of cathepsin K, TRAP, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPKs, and decreased the expression of uPAR. At the meantime, ulinastatin also decreased the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including cathepsin K, TRAP, RANK, and NFATc1. Besides, ulinastatin prevented bone loss in ovariectomized C57 mice by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts. To sum up, this research confirmed that ulinastatin has the ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent bone loss, and uPAR plays a crucial role in that process. Therefore, ulinastatin could be chosen as an effective alternative therapeutics for osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran-Yue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Chao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Jin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim H, Kim BK, Ohk B, Yoon H, Kang WY, Cho S, Seong SJ, Lee HW, Yoon Y. Estrogen‐related receptor γ negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis and protects against inflammatory bone loss. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1659-1670. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Ohk
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Jin Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Seungil Cho
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Ran Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
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Feng W, Li J, Liao S, Ma S, Li F, Zhong C, Li G, Wei Y, Huang H, Wei Q, Yao J, Liu Y. Gö6983 attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis and RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis through the suppression of NFκB/JNK/p38 pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:62-70. [PMID: 29856998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast activation by wear particles has caused major difficulties for surgeons. Wear particles are the main causes of aseptic prosthetic loosening. Gö6983, a protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibits five subtypes of protein kinase C family members. Here, we found that Gö6983 had an obviously inhibitory effect on wear-particles-induced osteolysis in vivo. In vitro, Gö6983 inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and function by inhibiting the RANKL-stimulated nuclear factor-κB/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. We also observed that Go6983 had no effect on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoblast-associated genes expression. According to our data, Gö6983 has potential therapeutic effects for aseptic prosthetic loosening caused by osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Feng
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiting Ma
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feicui Li
- Departments of General Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhong
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huading Huang
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The group of sclerosing bone disorders encompasses a variety of disorders all marked by increased bone mass. In this review, we give an overview of the genetic causes of this heterogeneous group of disorders and briefly touch upon the value of these findings for the development of novel therapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in the next-generation sequencing technologies are accelerating the molecular dissection of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying skeletal dysplasias. Throughout the years, the genetic cause of these disorders has been extensively studied which resulted in the identification of a variety of disease-causing genes and pathways that are involved in bone formation by osteoblasts, bone resorption by osteoclasts, or both processes. Due to this rapidly increasing knowledge, the insights into the regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism are continuously improving resulting in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for disorders with reduced bone mass and increased bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël De Ridder
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Zhang J, Park J, Lee JW, Kwon YD, Kim EC. Bisphosphonates hinder osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation in the maxillary sinus mucosa-derived stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:1933-1943. [PMID: 29188452 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although bisphosphonates (BPs) are known to be associated with osteonecrosis of the maxilla, the precise effects of BPs on bone metabolism in human maxillary sinus mucosal cells (HMSMCs) are not yet known. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of the BPs zoledronate (ZOL) and alendronate (ALN) on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation in HMSMCs and to investigate the signaling pathways involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ZOL and ALN were assessed for osteoblast differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and RT-PCR for genes encoding Runx2 and osterix. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) was also examined. RESULTS ZOL and ALN both suppressed osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by their effects on ALP activity, mineralization nodule formation, and the mRNA expression levels of osteoblastic transcript factors. The RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio in HMSMCs was increased by ALN, whereas ZOL had the opposite effect. Conditioned medium obtained from ALN-treated HMSMCs stimulated osteoclast formation and upregulated NFATc1 expression, whereas conditioned medium from ZOL-treated cells did not. ALN was more cytotoxic and stimulated apoptosis more strongly than ZOL. BPs decreased the protein levels of the non-canonical Wnt signaling protein Wnt5a and calmodulin-dependent kinase II. Moreover, recombinant human Wnt5a reversed the effects of BPs on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation. CONCLUSION This study is the first demonstration that BPs exert negative effects on osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes via the non-canonical Wnt pathway in HMSMSCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It suggests that patients taking BPs during the period of maxillary sinus lifting and amentation should be given special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuh Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Li F, Li H, Zhai Q, Li F, Wu T, Sha X, Zhang B, Yang W, Lu Z, Tao H. A new vaccine targeting RANKL, prepared by incorporation of an unnatural Amino acid into RANKL, prevents OVX-induced bone loss in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:648-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Engineering in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone models for drug screening and predictive toxicology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29678192 PMCID: PMC5910611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of veritable in-vitro models of bone tissue is essential to understand the biology of bone and its surrounding environment, to analyze the pathogenesis of bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, etc.), to develop effective therapeutic drug screening, and to test potential therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated interactions between vasculature and bone cells are often related to the aforementioned pathologies, underscoring the need for a bone model that contains engineered vasculature. Due to ethical restraints and limited prediction power of animal models, human stem cell-based tissue engineering has gained increasing relevance as a candidate approach to overcome the limitations of animals and to serve as preclinical models for drug testing. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, the concomitant development of vasculature and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenic and endothelial precursors. A number of experimental approaches have been used to achieve this goal, such as the combination of angiogenic factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, prevascularization strategies, and coculture systems. In this review, we present an overview of the current models and approaches to generate in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone, with emphasis on the main challenges of vasculature engineering. These challenges are related to the choice of biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, and cells, as well as the type of culturing conditions required, and specifically the application of dynamic culture systems using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo, 90133 Italy
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
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Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis: Disease Progression, Treatment Challenges, and Future Directions. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00084-17. [PMID: 29444953 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease that is caused by an infecting microorganism and leads to progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common causative species are the usually commensal staphylococci, with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis responsible for the majority of cases. Staphylococcal infections are becoming an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment. In addition to the ability of staphylococci to withstand treatment, surgical intervention in an effort to remove necrotic and infected bone further exacerbates patient impairment. Despite the advances in current health care, osteomyelitis is now a major clinical challenge, with recurrent and persistent infections occurring in approximately 40% of patients. This review aims to provide information about staphylococcus-induced bone infection, covering the clinical presentation and diagnosis of osteomyelitis, pathophysiology and complications of osteomyelitis, and future avenues that are being explored to treat osteomyelitis.
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Okada E, Nakata H, Yamamoto M, Kasugai S, Kuroda S. Indirect osteoblast differentiation by liposomal clodronate. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1127-1137. [PMID: 29063674 PMCID: PMC5783836 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates impair function of osteoclasts and prevent bone resorption, the mechanism of which has been studied extensively. However, the possible effects of bisphosphonates on chondroblast differentiation and calcium deposition by osteoblasts have only been demonstrated recently. Moreover, cells from monocytic lineage are capable of stimulating osteoblast proliferation. Hence, susceptibility of osteoblasts to various factors requires further investigation. A primary culture of bone marrow‐derived stromal cells was treated with liposomal clodronate (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/ml) or conditioned medium from liposomal clodronate. Liposomal clodronate (0.25 mg) was injected into mouse femur for in vivo experiments. The effects of liposomal clodronate were examined by alkaline phosphatase staining and/or activity assay, and real‐time RT‐PCR was used for studying the effect on osteogenic gene expression. Administration of liposomal clodronate to bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell culture enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA levels of Runx2 and Dlx5. In addition, conditioned medium from liposomal clodronate also stimulated osteogenic characteristics similar to those of observed in vitro, and the number of exosomes in the conditioned medium was highest when pre‐treated with liposomal clodronate. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of RANK proteins in exosomes collected from conditioned medium of liposomal clodronate. Identical observations were obtained in vivo, as liposomal clodronate‐injected mouse femur showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 and Dlx5 mRNA expressions, even though the numbers of monocytes and macrophages were reduced. In conclusion, osteoblast differentiation was promoted via soluble RANK‐containing exosomes in response to clodronates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Okada
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakata
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wei C, Liu Q, Song F, Lin X, Su Y, Xu J, Huang L, Zong S, Zhao J. Artesunate inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and prevents LPS‐induced bone loss in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:476-485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Ming Wei
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Fang‐Ming Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Xi‐Xi Lin
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Yi‐Ji Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Rehabilitation DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Jiake Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- School of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopedics, Research Center of Spinal and Pelvic TumorSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Shao‐Hui Zong
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jin‐Min Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Hsiao HB, Wu JB, Lin WC. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-β-D-allopyranoside prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc-1 signaling pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:245. [PMID: 28468652 PMCID: PMC5415808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Davallia formosana Hayata is a herb that has been used in Chinese medicine to treat bone diseases, including arthritis, bone fractures and osteoporosis. The rhizome of D. formosana H. has been found to be rich in (−)-Epicatechin 3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (ECAP), which is considered to be the active component of the plant in terms of its antiosteoporotic effect. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of the antiosteoporotic property of ECAP isolated from the roots of D. formosana H. using both in vitro and in vivo models. Methods We studied the effects of ECAP on the signaling pathways of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. In the in vitro study, the inhibitory action of ECAP on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and the expression of osteoclast-related marker genes were investigated, and in the in vivo study, the effects of ECAP on bone were evaluated using ovariectomized (OVX) mice orally-administered ECAP for 4 weeks. Results We demonstrated that ECAP dose-dependently inhibited RANKL- and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, and cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc-1)-induced osteoclastogenesis by RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced the extent of bone resorption. Furthermore, μCT images and TRAP staining showed that oral administration of ECAP to OVX mice prevented bone loss. ECAP administration also exerted recovery effects on serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin levels in OVX mice. In addition, we also found that MMP-9 expression was decreased in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggested that ECAP suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB and NFATc-1 signaling pathways, and has the potential for use in osteoporosis treatment.
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Liu FL, Chen CL, Lee CC, Wu CC, Hsu TH, Tsai CY, Huang HS, Chang DM. The Simultaneous Inhibitory Effect of Niclosamide on RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Osteoblast Differentiation. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:840-852. [PMID: 28824321 PMCID: PMC5562191 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone destruction disease including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis are caused by the imbalance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway was responsible for decreased osteoclastogenesis. Recently many studies indicated that niclosamide, the FDA approved an antihelminth drug, inhibits prostate and breast cancer cells growth by targeting NF-κB signaling pathways. This study evaluated the effects of niclosamide on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro. In RANKL-induced murine osteoclast precursor cell RAW264.7 and M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), niclosamide dose-dependently inhibited the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and resorption pits formation between 0.5uM and 1uM. In addition, niclosamide suppressed the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and osteoclast differentiated-related genes in M-CSF/ RANKL-stimulated BMM by interference with TRAF-6, Erk1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation pathways. However, the cytotoxic effects of niclosamide obviously appeared at the effective concentrations for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis (0.5-1uM) with increase of apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in osteoblast precursor cell line, MC3T3-E1. Niclosamide also inhibited ALP activity, bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation-related genes expression in MC3T3-E1. Therefore, our findings suggest the new standpoint that niclosamide's effects on bones must be considered before applying it in any therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Lan Liu
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chi Wu
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Teng-Hsu Hsu
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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What Is Breast in the Bone? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101764. [PMID: 27782069 PMCID: PMC5085788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal developmental program that prolactin generates in the mammary gland is usurped in the cancerous process and can be used out of its normal cellular context at a site of secondary metastasis. Prolactin is a pleiotropic peptide hormone and cytokine that is secreted from the pituitary gland, as well as from normal and cancerous breast cells. Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that prolactin is associated with mammary gland development, and also the increased risk of breast tumors and metastatic disease in postmenopausal women. Breast cancer spreads to the bone in approximately 70% of cases with advanced breast cancer. Despite treatment, new bone metastases will still occur in 30%–50% of patients. Only 20% of patients with bone metastases survive five years after the diagnosis of bone metastasis. The breast cancer cells in the bone microenvironment release soluble factors that engage osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts and result in bone breakdown. The breakdown of the bone matrix, in turn, enhances the proliferation of the cancer cells, creating a vicious cycle. Recently, it was shown that prolactin accelerated the breast cancer cell-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone breakdown by the regulation of breast cancer-secreted proteins. Interestingly, prolactin has the potential to affect multiple proteins that are involved in both breast development and likely bone metastasis, as well. Prolactin has normal bone homeostatic roles and, combined with the natural “recycling” of proteins in different tissues that can be used for breast development and function, or in bone function, increases the impact of prolactin signaling in breast cancer bone metastases. Thus, this review will focus on the role of prolactin in breast development, bone homeostasis and in breast cancer to bone metastases, covering the molecular aspects of the vicious cycle.
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Liu H, Liu Z, Du J, He J, Lin P, Amini B, Starbuck MW, Novane N, Shah JJ, Davis RE, Hou J, Gagel RF, Yang J. Thymidine phosphorylase exerts complex effects on bone resorption and formation in myeloma. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:353ra113. [PMID: 27559096 PMCID: PMC5109917 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Myelomatous bone disease is characterized by the development of lytic bone lesions and a concomitant reduction in bone formation, leading to chronic bone pain and fractures. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the contribution of myeloma-expressed thymidine phosphorylase (TP) to bone lesions. In osteoblast progenitors, TP up-regulated the methylation of RUNX2 and osterix, leading to decreased bone formation. In osteoclast progenitors, TP up-regulated the methylation of IRF8 and thereby enhanced expression of NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 protein), leading to increased bone resorption. TP reversibly catalyzes thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxy-d-ribose (2DDR). Myeloma-secreted 2DDR bound to integrin αVβ3/α5β1 in the progenitors, activated PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signaling, and increased DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3A) expression, resulting in hypermethylation of RUNX2, osterix, and IRF8 This study elucidates an important mechanism for myeloma-induced bone lesions, suggesting that targeting TP may be a viable approach to healing resorbed bone in patients. Because TP overexpression is common in bone-metastatic tumors, our findings could have additional mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael W Starbuck
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Novane
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jatin J Shah
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Robert F Gagel
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Osteoclasts, specialized cells that degrade bone, are key components of the cellular system that regulates and maintains bone homeostasis. Aberrant function of osteoclasts can lead to pathological loss or gain of bone mass, such as in osteopetrosis, osteoporosis, and several types of cancer that metastasize to bone. Phosphorylation of osteoclast proteins on tyrosine residues is critical for formation of osteoclasts and for their proper function and responses to physiological signals. Here we describe preparation and growth of osteoclasts from bone marrow of mice, use of viral vectors to downregulate expression of endogenous proteins and to express exogenous proteins in osteoclasts, and analysis of signaling processes triggered by M-CSF, estrogen, and physical contact with matrix in these cells.
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Soysa NS, Alles N. Osteoclast function and bone-resorbing activity: An overview. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Xie W, Lorenz S, Dolder S, Hofstetter W. Extracellular Iron is a Modulator of the Differentiation of Osteoclast Lineage Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:275-83. [PMID: 26615413 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts originate from the hematopoietic stem cell and share a differentiation pathway with the cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineages. Development and activation of osteoclasts, and as a consequence regulation of bone resorption, depend on two growth factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Furthermore, cell development and activity are modulated by a microenvironment composed of cytokines and growth factors and of the extracellular matrix. Membrane transporters are a means for cells to interact with their environment. Within this study, the expression of proteins regulating cellular iron homeostasis in osteoclast-like cells grown from bone marrow-derived progenitors was compared to the expression of this set of proteins by monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. In differentiating osteoclasts, levels of transcripts encoding transferrin receptor 1 and divalent metal transporter 1 (Slc11A2) were increased, while levels of transcripts encoding ferroportin (Slc40A1) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Slc11A1) were decreased. Supplementation of the culture media with exogenous iron led to an increase in the proliferation of osteoclast progenitor cells and to the expression of a macrophage-like phenotype, while the development of osteoclasts was reduced. Upon transfer of mature OC onto a CaP substrate, iron depletion of the medium with the Fe(3+)-chelator Deferoxamine Mesylate decreased CaP dissolution by ~30 %, which could be restored by addition of exogenous iron. During the 24 h of the assay, no effects were observed on total TRAP activity. The data demonstrate transcriptional regulation of the components of cellular iron transporters during OC development and suggests that iron homeostasis may contribute to fine-tuning of the RANKL-induced OC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xie
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dolder
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Bone Biology & Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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