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Liu J, Aylor KW, Liu Z. Liraglutide and Exercise Synergistically Attenuate Vascular Inflammation and Enhance Metabolic Insulin Action in Early Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2023; 72:918-931. [PMID: 37074396 PMCID: PMC10281235 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced vascular insulin resistance is an early event in diet-induced obesity and contributes to metabolic insulin resistance. To examine whether exercise and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism, alone or in combination, modulate vascular and metabolic insulin actions during obesity development, we performed a euglycemic insulin clamp in adult male rats after 2 weeks of high-fat diet feeding with either access to a running wheel (exercise), liraglutide, or both. Rats exhibited increased visceral adiposity and blunted microvascular and metabolic insulin responses. Exercise and liraglutide alone each improved muscle insulin sensitivity, but their combination fully restored insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates. The combined exercise and liraglutide intervention enhanced insulin-mediated muscle microvascular perfusion, reduced perivascular macrophage accumulation and superoxide production in the muscle, attenuated blood vessel inflammation, and improved endothelial function, along with increasing endothelial nucleus translocation of NRF2 and increasing endothelial AMPK phosphorylation. We conclude that exercise and liraglutide synergistically enhance the metabolic actions of insulin and reduce vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in the early stage of obesity development. Our data suggest that early combination use of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonism might be an effective strategy in preventing vascular and metabolic insulin resistance and associated complications during the development of obesity. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Inflammation-induced vascular insulin resistance occurs early in diet-induced obesity and contributes to metabolic insulin resistance. We examined whether exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonism, alone or in combination, modulate vascular and metabolic insulin actions during obesity development. We found that exercise and liraglutide synergistically enhanced the metabolic actions of insulin and reduced perimicrovascular macrophage accumulation, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation in the early stage of obesity development. Our data suggest that early combination use of exercise and a GLP-1 receptor agonist might be an effective strategy in preventing vascular and metabolic insulin resistance and associated complications during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kevin W. Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
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2
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Liu H, Wang X, Gao H, Yang C, Xie C. Physiological and pathological characteristics of vascular endothelial injury in diabetes and the regulatory mechanism of autophagy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191426. [PMID: 37441493 PMCID: PMC10333703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury in diabetes mellitus (DM) is the major cause of vascular disease, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of a series of vascular complications and has a serious negative impact on a patient's health and quality of life. The primary function of normal vascular endothelium is to function as a barrier function. However, in the presence of DM, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and other factors cause vascular endothelial injury, leading to vascular endothelial lesions from morphology to function. Recently, numerous studies have found that autophagy plays a vital role in regulating the progression of vascular endothelial injury. Therefore, this article compares the morphology and function of normal and diabetic vascular endothelium and focuses on the current regulatory mechanisms and the important role of autophagy in diabetic vascular endothelial injury caused by different signal pathways. We aim to provide some references for future research on the mechanism of vascular endothelial injury in DM, investigate autophagy's protective or injurious effect, and study potential drugs using autophagy as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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3
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Jiang W, Ding K, Yue R, Lei M. Therapeutic effects of icariin and icariside II on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:5852-5877. [PMID: 36591787 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2159317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health issue in the twenty-first century, and there are numerous challenges in preventing and alleviating its chronic complications. The herb Epimedium has beneficial therapeutic effects on various human diseases, including DM. Its major flavonoid component, icariin, has significant anti-DM activity and may help improve pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Furthermore, preclinical evidence has shown that icariin and its in vivo bioactive form, icariside II, have preventive and therapeutic effects on several diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic vascular endothelial disorder, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic erectile dysfunction. In this review, we present the general and toxicological information concerning icariin and icariside II and review the anti-DM effects of icariin from a molecular perspective. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of icariin and icariside II on the important pathological mechanisms of various diabetic complications. Despite positive preclinical evidence, additional investigations are needed before relevant clinical studies can be conducted. Therefore, we conclude with suggestions for future research. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive molecular perspective for future research and product development related to icariin and icariside II in treating DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaixi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Love KM, Barrett EJ, Malin SK, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG, Liu Z. Diabetes pathogenesis and management: the endothelium comes of age. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:500-512. [PMID: 33787922 PMCID: PMC8530521 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium, acting as a barrier, protects tissues against factors that provoke insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and itself responds to the insult of insulin resistance inducers with altered function. Endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction occur early in the evolution of insulin resistance-related disease, can co-exist with and even contribute to the development of metabolic insulin resistance, and promote vascular complications in those affected. The impact of endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction varies depending on the blood vessel size and location, resulting in decreased arterial plasticity, increased atherosclerosis and vascular resistance, and decreased tissue perfusion. Women with insulin resistance and diabetes are disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease, likely related to differential sex-hormone endothelium effects. Thus, reducing endothelial insulin resistance and improving endothelial function in the conduit arteries may reduce atherosclerotic complications, in the resistance arteries lead to better blood pressure control, and in the microvasculature lead to less microvascular complications and more effective tissue perfusion. Multiple diabetes therapeutic modalities, including medications and exercise training, improve endothelial insulin action and vascular function. This action may delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and/or its complications, making the vascular endothelium an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and potentially type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/ethnology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Comorbidity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Exercise
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Racial Groups
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Love
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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5
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Liu L, Fan L, Chan M, Kraakman MJ, Yang J, Fan Y, Aaron N, Wan Q, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Tall AR, Tabas I, Accili D, Qiang L. PPARγ Deacetylation Confers the Antiatherogenic Effect and Improves Endothelial Function in Diabetes Treatment. Diabetes 2020; 69:1793-1803. [PMID: 32409492 PMCID: PMC7372079 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes, and tight glycemic control fails to reduce the risk of developing CVD. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists, are potent insulin sensitizers with antiatherogenic properties, but their clinical use is limited by side effects. PPARγ deacetylation on two lysine residues (K268 and K293) induces brown remodeling of white adipose tissue and uncouples the adverse effects of TZDs from insulin sensitization. Here we show that PPARγ deacetylation confers antiatherogenic properties and retains the insulin-sensitizing effects of TZD while circumventing its detriments. We generated mice homozygous with mice with deacetylation-mimetic PPARγ mutations K268R/K293R (2KR) on an LDL-receptor knockout (Ldlr -/- ) background. 2KR:Ldlr -/- mice showed smaller atherosclerotic lesion areas than Ldlr -/- mice, particularly in aortic arches. With rosiglitazone treatment, 2KR:Ldlr -/- mice demonstrated a residual antiatherogenic response and substantial protection against bone loss and fluid retention. The antiatherosclerotic effect of 2KR was attributed to the protection of endothelium, indicated by improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and repressed expression of proatherogenic factors including inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and NADPH oxidase 2. Therefore, manipulating PPARγ acetylation is a promising therapeutic strategy to control risk of CVD in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lihong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jing Yang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Alan R Tall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Domenico Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
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6
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Love KM, Liu J, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JE, Liu Z. GLP-1 and insulin regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2020; 12:488-498. [PMID: 32274893 PMCID: PMC8393916 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle microvasculature critically regulates skeletal and cardiac muscle health and function. It provides endothelial surface area for substrate exchange between the plasma compartment and the muscle interstitium. Insulin fine-tunes muscle microvascular perfusion to regulate its own action in muscle and oxygen and nutrient supplies to muscle. Specifically, insulin increases muscle microvascular perfusion, which results in increased delivery of insulin to the capillaries that bathe the muscle cells and then facilitate its own transendothelial transport to reach the muscle interstitium. In type 2 diabetes, muscle microvascular responses to insulin are blunted and there is capillary rarefaction. Both loss of capillary density and decreased insulin-mediated capillary recruitment contribute to a decreased endothelial surface area available for substrate exchange. Vasculature expresses abundant glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors. GLP-1, in addition to its well-characterized glycemic actions, improves endothelial function, increases muscle microvascular perfusion, and stimulates angiogenesis. Importantly, these actions are preserved in the insulin resistant states. Thus, treatment of insulin resistant patients with GLP-1 receptor agonists may improve skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion and increase muscle capillarization, leading to improved delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones such as insulin to the myocytes. These actions of GLP-1 impact skeletal and cardiac muscle function and systems biology such as functional exercise capacity. Preclinical studies and clinical trials involving the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown salutary cardiovascular effects and improved cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future studies should further examine the different roles of GLP-1 in cardiac as well as skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Love
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Judith G. Regensteiner
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jane E.B. Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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7
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Penfold NC, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming by maternal obesity in 2015: Outcomes, mechanisms, and potential interventions. Horm Behav 2015; 76:143-52. [PMID: 26145566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Obesity in women of child-bearing age is a growing problem in developed and developing countries. Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal BMI correlates with offspring adiposity from an early age and predisposes to metabolic disease in later life. Thus the early life environment is an attractive target for intervention to improve public health. Animal models have been used to investigate the specific physiological outcomes and mechanisms of developmental programming that result from exposure to maternal obesity in utero. From this research, targeted intervention strategies can be designed. In this review we summarise recent progress in this field, with a focus on cardiometabolic disease and central control of appetite and behaviour. We highlight key factors that may mediate programming by maternal obesity, including leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. Finally, we explore potential lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in humans and the current state of evidence from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Penfold
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Zheng C, Liu Z. Vascular function, insulin action, and exercise: an intricate interplay. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:297-304. [PMID: 25735473 PMCID: PMC4450131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin enhances the compliance of conduit arteries, relaxes resistance arterioles to increase tissue blood flow, and dilates precapillary arterioles to expand muscle microvascular blood volume. These actions are impaired in the insulin resistant states. Exercise ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and improves insulin responses in insulin resistant patients, but the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The microvasculature critically regulates insulin action in muscle by modulating insulin delivery to the capillaries nurturing the myocytes and trans-endothelial insulin transport. Recent data suggest that exercise may exert its insulin-sensitizing effect via recruiting muscle microvasculature to increase insulin delivery to and action in muscle. The current review focuses on how the interplay among exercise, insulin action, and the vasculature contributes to exercise-mediated insulin sensitization in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Diabetes Center and Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Burild A, Frandsen HL, Poulsen M, Jakobsen J. Quantification of physiological levels of vitamin D3
and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
in porcine fat and liver in subgram sample sizes. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2659-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Burild
- Division of Food Chemistry; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
| | - Henrik L. Frandsen
- Division of Food Chemistry; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
| | - Morten Poulsen
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- Division of Food Chemistry; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg Denmark
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10
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Zhao L, Fu Z, Liu Z. Adiponectin and insulin cross talk: the microvascular connection. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 24:319-24. [PMID: 25220977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts both vasodilatory and insulin-sensitizing actions and its levels are decreased in insulin-resistant humans and animals. The mechanisms underlying adiponectin׳s insulin-sensitizing effect have been extensively investigated but remain largely unclear. Muscle microvasculature critically regulates muscle insulin action by modulating insulin delivery to the microvessels nurturing the muscle cells and the trans-endothelial insulin transport. We have recently reported that adiponectin exerts its insulin-sensitizing effect via recruiting muscle microvasculature, expanding the endothelial surface area, and increasing insulin delivery to and thus action in muscle. The current review focuses on the microvascular connection between the adiponectin and insulin cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 801410, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 801410, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 801410, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
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11
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Chai W, Zhang X, Barrett EJ, Liu Z. Glucagon-like peptide 1 recruits muscle microvasculature and improves insulin's metabolic action in the presence of insulin resistance. Diabetes 2014; 63:2788-99. [PMID: 24658303 PMCID: PMC4113068 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) acutely recruits muscle microvasculature, increases muscle delivery of insulin, and enhances muscle use of glucose, independent of its effect on insulin secretion. To examine whether GLP-1 modulates muscle microvascular and metabolic insulin responses in the setting of insulin resistance, we assessed muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV), flow velocity, and blood flow in control insulin-sensitive rats and rats made insulin-resistant acutely (systemic lipid infusion) or chronically (high-fat diet [HFD]) before and after a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (3 mU/kg/min) with or without superimposed systemic GLP-1 infusion. Insulin significantly recruited muscle microvasculature and addition of GLP-1 further expanded muscle MBV and increased insulin-mediated glucose disposal. GLP-1 infusion potently recruited muscle microvasculature in the presence of either acute or chronic insulin resistance by increasing muscle MBV. This was associated with an increased muscle delivery of insulin and muscle interstitial oxygen saturation. Muscle insulin sensitivity was completely restored in the presence of systemic lipid infusion and significantly improved in rats fed an HFD. We conclude that GLP-1 infusion potently expands muscle microvascular surface area and improves insulin's metabolic action in the insulin-resistant states. This may contribute to improved glycemic control seen in diabetic patients receiving incretin-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Chai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Pediatrics, Central South University 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
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