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Han X, Gao Y, He M, Luo Y, Wei Y, Duan Y, Zhang S, Yu H, Kan J, Hou T, Zhang Y, Li Y. Evolocumab prevents atrial fibrillation in rheumatoid arthritis rats through restraint of PCSK9 induced atrial remodeling. J Adv Res 2024; 61:211-221. [PMID: 37709197 PMCID: PMC11258665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune disease. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), while whether PCSK9 is involved in the onset of AF among RA patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the role of PCSK9 in the occurrence of AF in RA patients and decipher the underlying mechanism. METHODS We established a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by immunization with type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Atrial electrophysiological test was used to evaluate AF susceptibility. We performed a clinical study to examine the correlation between PCSK9 level and AF, which recruited healthy control, RA patients and RA patients complicated with AF. Evolocumab (a monoclonal antibody of PCSK9) is administered via intraperitoneal injection in CIA rats to assess the role of PCSK9 in RA-related AF. LPS-RS (LPS inhibitor), clodronate liposomes (depletion of macrophages), and cell co-culture model were used to dissect the mechanism underlying PCSK9 promotes AF. RESULTS AF inducibility and duration were higher in CIA rats, accompanied by elevated plasma and atrial PCSK9. Interestingly, compared with healthy control subjects, patients with RA showed an increase in PCSK9, and the PCSK9 is much higher in RA patients complicated with AF. The level of PCSK9 was independently associated with AF risk in RA patients. In the in vivo experiment, evolocumab reduced AF susceptibility, and ameliorated atrial structural remodeling of CIA rats. Mechanistically, augmented LPS in CIA rats led to an increase in PCSK9, which exacerbated fibrosis of cardiac fibroblasts and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes by enhancement of M1 macrophages polarization and inflammation, thereby contributing to AF. CONCLUSION This study suggests that elevated PCSK9 causes atrial structural remodeling by enhancement of M1 macrophages polarization in atria, and evolocumab can effectively protects CIA rats from AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yunlong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meijiao He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yingchun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiuxu Kan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Te Hou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Translation, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin 150081, China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China.
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Castro-Leyva V, Manuel-Apolinar L, Basurto-Acevedo NE, Basurto L, González-Chávez A, Ruiz-Gastelum E, Martínez-Murillo C. Metabolic Changes Induced by Bariatric Surgery May be Mediated by PAI-1 and PCSK9 Crosstalk. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103032. [PMID: 38971127 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity favors several metabolic disorders with an exacerbated chronic pro-inflammatory status and tissue damage, with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the influence of bariatric surgery on the crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9 to regulate metabolic markers. METHODS Observational and longitudinal study of 190 patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities who underwent bariatric surgery. We measured, before and after bariatric surgery, the anthropometric variables and we performed biochemical analysis by standard methods (glucose, insulin, triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and TG/HDL-C ratio, PAI-1 and PCSK9 were measured by ELISA). RESULTS PAI-1 levels decreased significantly after bariatric surgery, and were positively correlated with lipids, glucose, and TG, with significance on PCSK9 and TG/HDL-C alleviating the insulin resistance (IR) and inducing a state reversal of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a significant decrease in body weight and BMI (p <0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis predicted a functional model in which PAI-1 acts as a regulator of PCSK9 (p <0.002), TG (p <0.05), and BMI; at the same time, PCSK9 modulates LDL-C HDL-C and PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS After bariatric surgery, we found a positive association and crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9, which modulates the delicate balance of cholesterol, favoring the decrease of circulating lipids, TG, and PAI-1, which influences the glucose levels with amelioration of IR and T2D, demonstrating the crosstalk between fibrinolysis and lipid metabolism, the two main factors involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Castro-Leyva
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Eleane Basurto-Acevedo
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Clínica de Tracto Digestivo Superior, Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Basurto
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Antonio González-Chávez
- Clínica para la Atención Integral del Paciente con Diabetes y Obesidad, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edith Ruiz-Gastelum
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Murillo
- Departamento de Hematología. Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
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Coelingh Bennink HJT, Prowse A, Egberts JFM, Debruyne FMJ, Huhtaniemi IT, Tombal B. The Loss of Estradiol by Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer Patients Shows the Importance of Estrogens in Males. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae107. [PMID: 38883397 PMCID: PMC11177789 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estradiol (E2; an estrogen) in men needs to be more appreciated. In this review, we address the clinical situations that allow the study of the clinical consequences of E2 deficiency in men and discuss the effects of restoration of levels of this reproductive steroid hormone. In men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), E2 is suppressed along with testosterone, leading to side effects affecting the quality of life. These include hot flashes, arthralgia, fatigue, mood changes, cognition problems, weight gain, bone loss, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Transdermal E2 alone for ADT has shown equivalent testosterone suppression compared to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists while also preventing estrogen-deficiency side effects, including hot flashes and bone loss. Co-treatment of ADT with fetal estrogen estetrol (E4) has shown significant improvements of estrogen-deficiency symptoms. These observations emphasize the need to raise awareness of the importance of estrogens in men among clinicians and the lay public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Prowse
- Terminal 4 Communications, 1217 SK Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F M Egberts
- Terminal 4 Communications, 1217 SK Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Division of Urology, University Clinic Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Qiao L, Lv S, Meng K, Yang J. Genetically proxied therapeutic inhibition of lipid-lowering drug targets and risk of rheumatoid arthritis disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:939-947. [PMID: 38198113 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential impact of consistent use of similar treatments over a long period; it is essential to investigate the potential correlation between genetic variations that influence the expression or function of pharmacological targets for reducing lipid levels and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We used variants in the following genes to conduct Mendelian randomization analyses: HMGCR (encoding the target for statins), PCSK9 (encoding the target for PCSK9 inhibitors, such as evolocumab and alirocumab), and NPC1L1 (encoding the target for ezetimibe). Data from lipid genetics consortia (173,082 sample size) were used to weight variations according to their correlations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In two large datasets (total n = 19,562 cases, 501,655 controls). We conducted a meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization estimates, weighted by LDL-C levels, on the regional differences in the risk of rheumatoid arthritis using data from two large databases. RESULTS We approached SMR and IVW-MR analyses to examine the relationship between target gene expression (including HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1) and LDL-C levels mediated by these genes with RA. The IVW-MR analysis revealed no significant association between genetically predicted LDL-C concentration and the risk of RA (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.59-1.29; OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.67-1.23; OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.49-1.36; all p > 0.05). Similarly, our findings from the SMR approach provided no evidence to suggest that gene expression of HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1 was associated with the risk of RA (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79-1.05, p = 0.207; OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.85-1.09, p = 0.493). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not provide evidence to support the hypothesis that reducing LDL-C levels with statins, alirocumab, or ezetimibe effectively prevents the risk of developing RA. However, our study provides valuable insights into the assessment of lipid-lowering agents in RA, which can enhance our understanding of the condition and assist in clinical practice by aiding in the determination and monitoring of RA status to clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Lv
- Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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He X, You R, Shi Y, Zeng Z, Tang B, Yu J, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis: the potential eye of the storm in adult-onset Still's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2269-2282. [PMID: 37429997 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death with a high pro-inflammatory effect, causes cell lysis and leads to the secretion of countless interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 cytokines, resulting in a subsequent extreme inflammatory response through the caspase-1-dependent pathway or caspase-1-independent pathway. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with extensive disease manifestations and severe complications such as macrophage activation syndrome, which is characterized by high-grade inflammation and cytokine storms regulated by IL-1β and IL-18. To date, the pathogenesis of AOSD is unclear, and the available therapy is unsatisfactory. As such, AOSD is still a challenging disease. In addition, the high inflammatory states and the increased expression of multiple pyroptosis markers in AOSD indicate that pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AOSD. Accordingly, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and describes the potential role of pyroptosis in AOSD, the therapeutic practicalities of pyroptosis target drugs in AOSD, and the therapeutic blueprint of other pyroptosis target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixuan You
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingsi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Gupta V, Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. Thinking inside the box: Current insights into targeting orbital tissue remodeling and inflammation in thyroid eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:858-874. [PMID: 34487739 PMCID: PMC8891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests in the orbit. In TED, the connective tissue behind the eye becomes inflamed and remodels with increased fat accumulation and/or increased muscle and scar tissue. As orbital tissue expands, patients develop edema, exophthalmos, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. In severe cases vision loss may occur secondary to corneal scarring from exposure or optic nerve compression. Currently there is no cure for TED, and treatments are limited. A major breakthrough in TED therapy occurred with the FDA approval of teprotumumab, a monoclonal insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocking antibody. Yet, teprotumumab therapy has limitations, including cost, infusion method of drug delivery, variable response, and relapse. We describe approaches to target orbital fibroblasts and the complex pathophysiology that underlies tissue remodeling and inflammation driving TED. Further advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms of TED may lead to prophylaxis based upon early biomarkers as well as lead to more convenient, less expensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Yoon J, Kikkawa D. Thyroid eye disease: From pathogenesis to targeted therapies. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:3-11. [PMID: 35399971 PMCID: PMC8988977 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_51_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of autoimmune Graves’ hyperthyroidism. TED is a debilitating and potentially blinding disease with unclear pathogenesis. Autoreactive inflammatory reactions targeting orbital fibroblasts (OFs) lead to the expansion of orbital adipose tissues and extraocular muscle swelling within the fixed bony orbit. There are many recent advances in the understating of molecular pathogenesis of TED. The production of autoantibodies to cross-linked thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activates OFs to produce significant cytokines and chemokines and hyaluronan production and to induce adipocyte differentiation. In moderately severe active TED patients, multicenter clinical trials showed that inhibition of IGF-1R with teprotumumab was unprecedentedly effective with minimal side effects. The emergence of novel biologics resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of TED. We here review the literature on advances of pathogenesis of TED and promising therapeutic targets and drugs.
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Ugovšek S, Zupan J, Rehberger Likozar A, Šebeštjen M. Influence of lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation: what is yet to be done? Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:855-869. [PMID: 35832698 PMCID: PMC9266870 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with risk of cardiovascular events. The best-characterised and well-standardised clinical indicator of inflammation is C-reactive protein. Current evidence-based drug therapies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are mainly focused on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, these drugs do not provide sufficient protection against recurrent cardiovascular events. One of the possible mechanisms behind this recurrence might be the persistence of residual inflammation. For the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs, the statins, their reduction of cardiovascular events goes beyond lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we review the effects of these lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation, considering statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and antisense oligonucleotides. We focus in particular on C-reactive protein, and discuss how the effects of the statins might be related to reduced rates of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ugovšek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Cardiology, Slovenia
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Chen J, Huang C, Zhang T, Gong W, Deng X, Liu H, Liu J, Guo Y. The effects of statins on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:189. [PMID: 34930305 PMCID: PMC8686603 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical studies showed that statins were potential to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Through comprehensive search PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, BIOSIS, the ClinialTrails.gov, and the Cochrane Library database up to 14 Feb 2020, we identified the randomized controlled trials about the treatment of statins on hyperandrogenism in PCOS women, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Jadda score. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to analyze the pooled results. Nine trials included 682 PCOS patients were identified. Statins showed a significant potential to reduce testosterone (SMD = -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.76-- 0.18; P = 0.002) and dehydroepiandrosterone (SMD = -0.51; 95% CI, - 0.97-- 0.05; P = 0.03) levels, compared to the control treatments. The cutaneous symptoms hirsutism (SMD = -0.61; 95% CI, - 1.13-- 0.10; P = 0.02) and acne (SMD = -0.92; 95% CI, - 1.49-- 0.34; P = 0.002) were significantly improved by statins in PCOS women. Subgroup analysis showed that the two types of statins, and the different control treatments as well, presented no significantly different effect on testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the findings from the meta-analysis. In conclusion, statin treatment could significantly reduce androgen levels and improve cutaneous manifestations of hyperandrogenism of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610300, China
| | - Chaoran Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610300, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Wuqing Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610300, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610300, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
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Li Y, Cheng X, Zhu JL, Luo WW, Xiang HR, Zhang QZ, Peng WX. Effect of Statins on the Risk of Different Stages of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Urol Int 2021; 106:869-877. [PMID: 34518476 DOI: 10.1159/000518164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article was to investigate the relationship between statins and the risk of different stages or grades of prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed for articles published until December 18, 2020, on the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were then analyzed using the STATA.16.0 software. RESULTS A total of 588,055 patients from 14 studies were included in the analysis. We found that the use of statins expressed a significant correlation with a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73-0.91; RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.99, respectively). However, no evidence suggested that the use of statins was beneficial for the prevention of localized prostate cancer incidence. Similarly, the pooled results also revealed no association between the use of statins and the risk of high-grade and low-grade prostate cancer. CONCLUSION It has been found that the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer but was not related to the risk of localized, low-grade, or high-grade prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Lian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Wen Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huai-Rong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Xing Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tian Y, Li X, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wang C, Gao Y, Wang S, Liu J. Association Between Preoperative Statin Exposure and Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1014-1020. [PMID: 34389211 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The existing literature has shown conflicting results regarding the association between preoperative statin exposure and the risk of postoperative cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). DESIGN A single-center retrospective observational study. SETTING A single, large, tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients undergoing open cardiac surgery between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2019. INTERVENTIONS AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. A multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score-matched analysis were used to study the association. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 58,399 patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. The preoperative statin exposure cohort had a lower prevalence of all stages of CSA-AKI (30.7% v 36.3%, p < 0.001) and stage 3 CSA-AKI (0.9% v 2.1%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, preoperative statin exposure was a protective factor against all stages of postoperative CSA-AKI (odds ratio [OR], 0.885, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.852-0.920, p < 0.001) and stage 3 CSA-AKI in adults (OR, 0.671, 95% CI, 0.567-0.795, p < 0.001). A propensity score-matched analysis showed that the preoperative statin exposure cohort had a lower risk of all stages of postoperative CSA-AKI (30.7% v 35.3%, p < 0.001) and stage 3 CSA-AKI (0.9% v 2.2%, p < 0.001) than the control cohort. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative statin exposure was associated with all stages of postoperative CSA-AKI and stage 3 CSA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Surgery Intensive Care Unit & Center of Anesthesia, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Information Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sudena Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nilsson A, Tsoumani K, Planck T. Statins Decrease the Risk of Orbitopathy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Graves Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1325-1332. [PMID: 33560351 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of statins and other lipid-lowering agents on the development of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease (GD). METHODS Our sample included the full adult population of individuals living in Sweden with newly diagnosed GD between 2005 and 2018 (n = 34 894). We compared the GO incidence in statin users (n = 5574) and nonusers (n = 34 409) by applying Cox regression with a time-varying exposure variable. We adjusted for age, sex, and treatment for hyperthyroidism in the multivariate analyses. RESULTS Periods of nonusage lasted for a median of 4.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.2-8.4), whereas periods of usage lasted for a median of 4.7 years (IQR 2.0-8.1). Among statin users, 77.1% had used simvastatin, 28.9% atorvastatin, and 8.2% had used other statins. Statin users were found to be significantly less likely to develop GO. In the main analysis based on the full cohort, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.74 (CI 0.65-0.84, P < .001), whereas full adjustment altered the effect to 0.87 (CI 0.76-1.00, P = .04). The main results were largely driven by men; the fully adjusted HR was 0.78 (CI 0.58-1.04, P = .09) for men and 0.91 (CI 0.79-1.06, P = .24) for women. Lipid-lowering agents other than statins did not exhibit a similar protective effect. CONCLUSION In newly diagnosed patients with GD, treatment with statins may protect against the development of GO. Statins should be investigated in a clinical trial as a preventive treatment for GO in newly diagnosed patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Nilsson
- EPI@LUND, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kleoniki Tsoumani
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tereza Planck
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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McComb M, Browne RW, Bhattacharya S, Bodziak ML, Jakimovski D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Kuhle J, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. The cholesterol autoxidation products, 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol are associated with serum neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 50:102864. [PMID: 33677412 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an established marker of neuroaxonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES To investigate if oxysterols produced from non-enzymatic and enzymatic cholesterol oxidation are differentially associated with sNfL measurements in MS. METHODS This longitudinal study included 62 relapsing-remitting (RR-MS) and 36 progressive MS (PMS) patients with baseline and 5-year follow-up measures of serum levels of 6 oxysterols, sNfL and lipids. The oxysterols, 24-hydroxycholesterol (24HC), 25HC, 27HC, 7αHC, 7βHC and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. sNfL was measured using single molecular array assay. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were obtained from a lipid profile. RESULTS The enzymatically produced oxysterols 24HC, 25HC, 27HC and 7αHC were not associated with sNfL. However, baseline levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced oxysterols, 7KC (p = 0.032) and 7βHC (p = 0.0025), were positively associated with sNfL levels at follow-up. Follow-up 7KC (p = 0.038) levels were also associated with follow-up sNfL levels. The associations of 7KC or 7βHC with sNfL remained significant after adjusting for LDL-C or HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS 7KC and 7βHC, produced by ROS-mediated cholesterol oxidation are associated with neuroaxonal injury as assessed by sNfL in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason McComb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sonia Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mary Lou Bodziak
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Kelada M, Avari P, Farag S, Akishar R, Jain R, Aziz A, Feeney C, Bravis V, Meeran K, Lee V. Association of Other Autoimmune Diseases With Thyroid Eye Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:644200. [PMID: 33746907 PMCID: PMC7973359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.644200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a potentially disfiguring and sight-threatening autoimmune (AI) orbitopathy, affecting up to 400,000 people in the UK. There are no accurate early predictors of TED severity. Although polyautoimmunity has been shown to affect AI disease severity, its influence on TED severity has never been investigated. The prevalence of polyautoimmunity among TED patients is also unclear, with discordant results reported in the literature. This study evaluates the prevalence of non-thyroid/"other" AI (OAI) conditions in an ethnically diverse TED cohort and assesses how polyautoimmunity affects TED severity and activity. METHODS A retrospective study of patients presenting to multidisciplinary TED clinics across three North-West London hospitals between 2011 and 2019. Data collected included: 1) demographics; 2) OAI conditions and management; 3) endocrine management of thyroid dysfunction; 4) details of TED and clinical activity score at presentation. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-seven patients with a median age of 46 (35-54) years were included, 79.4% were female and 55% were Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME). Thirty-seven patients (13.9%) had OAI conditions, with rheumatoid arthritis (3.7%), vitiligo (3.0%) and psoriasis (3.0%) among the most prevalent. Of patients with OAI conditions, 43.2% (16/37) required immunosuppression prior to TED onset. Non-immunosuppressed patients with OAI conditions had a significantly higher clinical activity score at presentation than TED-only and previously immunosuppressed patients (p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in thyroid receptor antibody titers between these groups. CONCLUSIONS This study finds a 13.9% prevalence of OAI conditions among TED patients. Patients with OAI conditions overall have a tendency for more severe and significantly more clinically active TED than those without OAI conditions. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate polyautoimmunity as an early predictor of TED severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kelada
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parizad Avari
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Farag
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Akishar
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajni Jain
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Aziz
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Feeney
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassiliki Bravis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Meeran
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vickie Lee
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Middlesex Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Vickie Lee,
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15
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Anagnostouli M, Markoglou N, Chrousos G. Psycho-neuro-endocrino-immunologic issues in multiple sclerosis: a critical review of clinical and therapeutic implications. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:485-496. [PMID: 32488815 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial, chronic, immune-mediated, and neurodegenerative disease, having a well-known hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Several hormones have a great impact in the immune dysregulation, psychology, and cognitive status of patients with MS, as also in the fertility and response to treatment. In this comprehensive review, as an introduction, we mention basic data concerning MS: epidemiology, genetics, immunogenetics, epigenetics, pathophysiology, and neuroimmunology. Hormonal components of the disease cascade, mainly glucocorticoids (stress-related hormone), estrogens, prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone (sex-related hormones), melatonin, and vitamin D, are discussed, aiming at focusing on core data regarding the impact of these hormones in MS pathophysiology, severity of the disease, correlation with comorbid mental disorders, and fertility. A great focus is given in the pre- and post-pregnancy period of MS patients, in the context of the disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and HPA status, having in mind that there are only very limited knowledge and few papers on this specific life period of these women, having MS. All this data are presented in the main text and also in the workable tables, for the first time, suggesting targeted topics that need to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anagnostouli
- Demyelinating Diseases Clinic, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 72-74, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 72-74, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Markoglou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 72-74, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Koch CA, Vita R, Benvenga S. The various faces of hyperthyroidism. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2020; 20:100229. [PMID: 32632358 PMCID: PMC7274125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Koch
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program on Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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17
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Extracorporeal apheresis therapy for Alzheimer disease-targeting lipids, stress, and inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:275-282. [PMID: 31595035 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer disease (AD) remain disappointing and, hence, there is an urgent need for effective treatments. Here, we provide a perspective review on the emerging role of "metabolic inflammation" and stress as a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD and propose a novel rationale for correction of metabolic inflammation, increase resilience and potentially slow-down or halt the progression of the neurodegenerative process. Based on recent evidence and observations of an early pilot trial, we posit a potential use of extracorporeal apheresis in the prevention and treatment of AD. Apolipoprotein E, lipoprotein(a), oxidized LDL (low density lipoprotein)'s and large LDL particles, as well as other proinflammatory lipids and stress hormones such as cortisol, have been recognized as key factors in amyloid plaque formation and aggravation of AD. Extracorporeal lipoprotein apheresis systems employ well-established, powerful methods to provide an acute, reliable 60-80% reduction in the circulating concentration of these lipid classes and reduce acute cortisol levels. Following a double-membrane extracorporeal apheresis in patients with AD, there was a significant reduction of proinflammatory lipids, circulating cytokines, immune complexes, proinflammatory metals and toxic chaperones in patients with AD. On the basis of the above, we suggest designing clinical trials to assess the promising potential of such "cerebropheresis" treatment in patients with AD and, possibly, other neurodegenerative diseases.
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18
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Lee GE, Kim J, Lee JS, Ko J, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607144. [PMID: 33488522 PMCID: PMC7821242 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment. METHODS The PCSK9 was compared between GO (n=11) and normal subjects (n=7) in orbital tissue explants using quantitative real-time PCR, and in cultured interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated fibroblasts using western blot. Western blot was used to identify the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and signaling molecules expression as well as levels of adipogenic markers and oxidative stress-related proteins. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. The plasma PCSK9 concentrations were compared between patients with GO (n=44) and healthy subjects (n=26) by ELISA. RESULTS The PCSK9 transcript level was higher in GO tissues. The depletion of PCSK9 blunted IL-1β-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. The levels of activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphorylated forms of Akt and p38 were diminished when PCSK9 was suppressed in GO fibroblasts. Decreases in lipid droplets and attenuated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and leptin as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin (Trx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were noted when PCSK9 was suppressed during adipocyte differentiation. The plasma PCSK9 level was significantly higher in GO patients and correlated with level of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and the clinical activity score (CAS). CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 plays a significant role in GO. The PCSK9 inhibition attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines production, oxidative stress, and fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes. PCSK9 may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eun Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihei Sara Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Sook Yoon,
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Koch CA, Krabbe S, Hehmke B. Effect of atorvastatin on rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoreactive T cells. Immunol Res 2019; 67:297-300. [PMID: 31760564 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Koch
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Siegfried Krabbe
- Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.,University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Medicover Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Hehmke
- Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch", Karlsburg, Germany.
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20
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Jia L, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Xu X. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against oxidative stress-induced damage in periodontal ligament stem cells via activation of the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 386:111717. [PMID: 31715142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-based tissue engineering is an important method for regenerating lost bone in periodontitis. Maintaining or enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, as well as enhancing the resistance of PDLSCs to oxidative stress, is necessary in this process. As a common hypoglycemic drug, metformin has been reported to have multiple effects on cell functions. This study found that low concentrations of metformin did not affect cell proliferation but did inhibit adipogenic differentiation and promote osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. This positive effect was associated with activation of Akt signaling by metformin. Moreover, applying metformin as either a pretreatment or co-treatment could reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species, enhance antioxidant capacity, and rescue the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation that were negatively affected by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PDLSCs. In addition, metformin was found to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway in PDLSCs, and knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA impaired the protective effect of metformin. Taken together, these results indicate that metformin not only promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, but also protects PDLSCs against oxidative stress-induced damage, suggesting that metformin could be potentially useful in promoting PDLSC-based bone regeneration in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yixuan Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoni Ma
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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Yang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hu S, Ji C, Guo S. The fucoidan A3 from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances RCT-related genes expression in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:759-769. [PMID: 31100394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidemia, and fucoidans are found to possess hypolipidemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of the fucoidan from the brown seaweed A. nodosum and whether it improves RCT-related genes expression in C57 BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that fucoidan A3 (100 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~23.2%), triglyceride (~48.7%) and fat pad index. This fucoidan significantly increased the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) β, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, and decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, however, it had no effect on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PPARα, LXRα, SREBP-2, ABCG1, ABCG8 and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. These results demonstrated that this fucoidan improved lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR, and up-regulated lipid metabolism by activating LXRβ, ABCA1 and CYP7A1. In conclusion, this fucoidan lowers lipid by enhancing RCT-related genes expression, and it can be explored as a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Shahoei SH, Nelson ER. Nuclear receptors, cholesterol homeostasis and the immune system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105364. [PMID: 31002862 PMCID: PMC6589364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for maintaining membrane fluidity in eukaryotes. Additionally, the synthetic cascade of cholesterol results in precursor molecules important for cellular function such as lipid raft formation and protein prenylation. As such, cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated. Interestingly, it is now known that some cholesterol precursors and many metabolites serve as active signaling molecules, binding to different classes of receptors including the nuclear receptors. Furthermore, many cholesterol metabolites or their nuclear receptors have been implicated in the regulation of the immune system in normal physiology and disease. Therefore, in this focused review, cholesterol homeostasis and nuclear receptors involved in this regulation will be discussed, with particular emphasis on how these cascades influence the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hamed Shahoei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Koch
- Medicover GmbH, Berlin/Hannover, Germany.
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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