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Stockman D, Van Parys H, Uzieblo K, Littleton H, Keygnaert I, Lemmens G, Verhofstadt L. Coping with sexual violence as a post-assault formed couple: A dyadic phenomenological interview analysis. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38962932 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2374245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that survivors of sexual violence frequently experience relationship difficulties following their victimization. Little is known regarding how couples which formed post-assault cope with the impact of the prior assault. Hence, the aim of the current study was to gain insight into post-assault formed couples' experiences in coping with the impact of sexual violence. To this end, an interview study was conducted with five female survivors and their male partners who began their romantic relationship post-assault. A dyadic phenomenological interview analysis revealed that sexual victimization is a dyadic stressor but is not always considered as such by the couple. In addition, disclosure is described as a potential bonding experience. Flexibility and creativity from both partners are required as they adapt to the post-assault impact. In addition, meaningful communication and considering the perspective of one's partner seemed to be key to dyadically cope successfully. The current study also identified challenges couples had to manage, including caregiver burden and role confusion. Results suggest that interventions supporting couples in their continuous efforts toward mutual understanding can foster trust and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Stockman
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Expertise Network People and Society, Artevelde University College of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Campus Kulak, Catholic University Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanna Van Parys
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kasia Uzieblo
- Department of Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Helpline 1712, Centre for General Well-being, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Littleton
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Ines Keygnaert
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Women's clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Lemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department Head and Skin - Psychiatry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lesley Verhofstadt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang X, Silva DE. "I Feel Like a Fraud Who Acts Like a Feminist": The Discussion Themes and Sexual Scripts in the Porn Free Women Online Forum. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2189-2203. [PMID: 38635110 PMCID: PMC11176243 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Research on online pornography abstinence movements has predominantly focused on men's perspectives, often within the context of the broader manosphere. This focus has overshadowed the unique experiences and viewpoints of women in these movements. Our study aimed to fill this gap by exploring women-centric perspectives in pornography abstinence forums, particularly Porn Free Women (r/pornfreewomen). Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined the sexual scripts presented in women-dominated pornography abstinence communities. Our structural topic modeling analysis delineated the interplay of therapeutic, heteronormative, and empowerment themes that were evident in women's narratives and expressions. Further, our discourse analysis elucidated three specific scripts: the addiction script, the heterosexual script, and the liberation script. These interweaving narratives show that discussions of women's pornography abstinence are multifaceted and include a variety of perspectives to negotiate. These results contribute to a nuanced understanding of the values of health and well-being, sexual liberation, and feminism within women's pornography abstinence communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University, 300 Midway Drive, Office 201J, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - David E Silva
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University, 300 Midway Drive, Office 201J, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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3
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Alley JC, McDonnell AS, Diamond LM. Early adversity and sexual diversity: the importance of self-reported and neurobiological sexual reward sensitivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8717. [PMID: 38622142 PMCID: PMC11018754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Work shows that sexually-diverse individuals face high rates of early life adversity and in turn increased engagement in behavioral outcomes traditionally associated with adversity, such as sexual risk taking. Recent theoretical work suggests that these associations may be attributable to heightened sexual reward sensitivity among adversity-exposed women. We aimed to test these claims using a combination of self-report and EEG measures to test the relationship between early adversity, sexual reward sensitivity (both self-reported and EEG measured) and sexual risk taking in a sexually diverse sample of cis-gender women (N = 208) (Mage = 27.17, SD = 6.36). Results showed that childhood SES predicted self-reported sexual reward sensitivity which in turn predicted numbers of male and female sexual partners. In contrast we found that perceived childhood unpredictability predicted neurobiological sexual reward sensitivity as measured by EEG which in turn predicted male sexual partner number. The results presented here provide support for the notion that heightened sexual reward sensitivity may be a pathway through which early life adversity augments future sexual behavior, and underscores the importance of including greater attention to the dynamics of pleasure and reward in sexual health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Amy S McDonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa M Diamond
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Hanna-Walker V, Busby DM, Moore EWG, Holmes EK. The Association Between Sexual Initiation and Membership in Dyadic Profiles of Perceived Shared Power. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1091-1105. [PMID: 38277097 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There is scarce empirical evidence examining whether sexual initiation and power are associated with each other. Utilizing latent profile analyses, we examined in a nationally representative sample of US newlywed heterosexual couples (N = 1,948 couples) whether wives' and husbands' sexual initiation patterns and satisfaction with these patterns were associated with membership in different profiles of wives' and husbands' perceptions of shared relational power while accounting for both partner's satisfaction with sexual frequency. We found four profiles of wives' and husbands' perceptions of power. The most common profile was when both wives and husbands perceived high levels of power compared to other profiles, but wives had significantly higher reports of perceived power than husbands (High Power, Wife Higher; 40.8%). Husbands' sexual initiation patterns were not associated with profile membership. Wives who reported equal sexual initiation patterns had a higher probability of being in the High Power, Wife Higher profile compared to the Wife Low Power, Husband Moderate Power profile. Both wives' and husbands' satisfaction with sexual initiation patterns were associated with profile membership. Wives and husbands that were satisfied with sexual initiation patterns had a higher probability of being in the High Power, Wife Higher profile compared to the profile where both wives and husbands had high perceptions of shared relational power compared to other profiles, but their scores were not significantly different from each other (High Power, Equal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hanna-Walker
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT, 06269-1058, USA.
| | - Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - E Whitney G Moore
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Erin K Holmes
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Kılıç D, Armstrong HL, Graham CA. The Role of Mutual Masturbation within Relationships: Associations with Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:495-514. [PMID: 38596452 PMCID: PMC10903564 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives We explored mutual masturbation among women and men and investigated associations with sexual satisfaction and sexual self-esteem. Methods 117 women and 151 men (Mage = 29.7 years), mostly heterosexual, all in current relationships, completed an online survey covering experiences of solo and partnered sexual activities, feelings about mutual masturbation, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Results Mutual masturbation was common among both genders. Men reported significantly higher positive feelings about mutual masturbation than women. Recent mutual masturbation was positively associated with sexual satisfaction but not with sexual self-esteem. Conclusions These findings have implications for sex and couple therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Cynthia A. Graham
- Department of Gender Studies and The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Fortenberry JD, Hensel DJ. Sexual Modesty in Sexual Expression and Experience: A Scoping Review, 2000 - 2021. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1000-1014. [PMID: 35138961 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.2016571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual modesty is the social, cultural, interpersonal, and psychological systems - defined by the tenets of Script Theory - that regulate individuals' sexual expression and experience at the social, legal, and interpersonal boundaries of acceptable/not-acceptable, private/public, and personal/social. Almost all aspects of sexual expression and experience are touched by the pervasive modesty standards for sexual communication, sexual display, sexual relations, and sexual behaviors. Sexual modesty influences an array of sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Many aspects of sexual modesty are enforced by legal as well as social, cultural, and religious proscriptions, including social shaming and ostracism as well as corporal and capital punishments. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a diverse literature related to sexual modesty from the years 2000 to 2021 in order to clarify its role in sexual health and sexual wellbeing and to identify directions for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis
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Fahs B, Swank E. Who counts as a sexual partner? Women’s criteria for defining and sorting through their sexual histories. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2090271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Fahs
- Women and Gender Studies Program Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Swank
- Women and Gender Studies Program Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Social and Cultural Analysis Program, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Bell AR, Giil E, Træen B. Reduced Sexual Desire in Young Norwegian Women: A Mixed-Methods Study. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 26:1919-1939. [PMID: 35669850 PMCID: PMC9159043 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-09977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexuality has become an area of social competence in which individuals strive to be recognized as sexually competent performers. However, a large proportion of young women experience reduced sexual desire. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. Using data from a questionnaire, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, lack of sexual interest and desire among young women in Norway. Further, with the help of in-depth interviews, we investigated how young women with reduced sexual desire experience living with their desire problems and what they experience as the cause of their problems. The sample in the quantitative study consisted of 505 Norwegian women between the ages of 18 and 29 years. ANOVA was employed to explore differences in scores on psychological factors and relational factors, as well as between participants who experienced a lack of sexual interest and desire, and those who did not. The results indicate a high prevalence of lack of sexual interest and desire among women (37.1%), while low appearance satisfaction and low relationship satisfaction were central predictors of lack of sexual interest and desire. The sample in the qualitative study consisted of ten Norwegian women with reduced sexual desire between the ages of 18 and 29 years. Through thematic analysis, four themes emerged as experiences of living with reduced sexual desire: (1) physical and mental health, (2) being a young woman in today's society, (3) relational factors, (4) negative experiences, personal expectations toward sexuality, and sexual trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rebecca Bell
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O Box 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ebba Giil
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O Box 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Træen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O Box 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Zhang H, Xie L, Lo SST, Fan S, Yip P. Female Sexual Assertiveness and Sexual Satisfaction Among Chinese Couples in Hong Kong: A Dyadic Approach. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:203-211. [PMID: 33528275 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1875187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Western studies have demonstrated that female sexual assertiveness is positively associated with sexual satisfaction in a committed heterosexual relationship. Furthermore, the ability of women to refuse sex has been shown to protect them from unwanted sexual contact and to lead to fewer sexual victimization experiences and less risky sexual behavior. However, there is little research on female sexual assertiveness that included both the own (actor effect) and partner (partner effect) impact of female sexual assertiveness on sexual satisfaction from a dyadic approach, involving both members of a couple. The data for the present study came from a representative sample of Chinese couples collected by the Hong Kong Family Planning Association in 2017. Using the actor-partner interdependence model, the results indicated that female sexual initiation was positively associated with both their own and their partner's sexual satisfaction. However, female sexual refusal was not associated with the sexual satisfaction of either party. These findings suggest the importance of adopting a dyadic approach in sex research to capture the mutual influences between partners. Couples should be encouraged to express their sexual desires and refuse unwanted sex requests honestly to improve their and their partner's sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, Renmin University of China
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China
| | - Lili Xie
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China
| | | | - Susan Fan
- The Family Planning Association of HongKong
| | - Paul Yip
- Center for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong
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Khera D, Champion A, Walton K, Pedersen C. Why men don’t say no: sexual compliance and gender socialization in heterosexual men. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2031263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Khera
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Champion
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kari Walton
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Cory Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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11
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Alley J, Diamond LM. Early childhood adversity and Women’s sexual behavior: The role of sensitivity to sexual reward. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Bőthe B, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Bergeron S. Hypersexuality in Mixed-Sex Couples: A Dyadic Longitudinal Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2139-2150. [PMID: 34189627 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation and intimacy problems are theoretically underpinned correlates of hypersexuality (i.e., uncontrollable sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors resulting in distress and impairment in different areas of functioning), but the directionality of these associations has not been established, as work in this area has relied on cross-sectional designs. Moreover, although hypersexuality may have significant adverse effects on romantic relationships and approximately half of treatment-seeking individuals are in a relationship, prior studies almost exclusively involved samples of men, regardless of their relationship status. The aim of the present study was to examine the directionality of associations between both partners' emotion dysregulation, physical (i.e., partnered sexual frequency) and relationship intimacy, and hypersexuality using a longitudinal, dyadic framework. Self-reported data of 267 mixed-sex couples (Mage_men = 29.9 years, SD = 8.2; Mage_women = 27.7 years, SD = 6.7) at baseline (T1) and six-month follow-up (T2) were analyzed using a crossed-lagged model within an actor-partner interdependence framework. Prior greater emotion dysregulation (T1) in both men and women was associated with their own later greater hypersexuality (T2). Women's prior greater hypersexuality (T1) was associated with their later lower relationship intimacy (T2). Lower levels of intimacy were not significantly associated with later hypersexuality. No partner effects were found in relation to hypersexuality. Findings suggest that men and women may use sexual behaviors to cope with negative emotions, which could, in turn, lead to hypersexuality. Intimacy problems did not precede hypersexuality, although women's hypersexuality may reduce their own relationship intimacy over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | | | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Thompson AE, Byers ES. An Experimental Investigation of Variations in Judgments of Hypothetical Males and Females Initiating Mixed-Gender Threesomes: An Application of Sexual Script Theory. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1129-1142. [PMID: 32445132 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although many young adults are interested in mixed-gender threesomes (MGTs), little research has assessed attitudes toward them. Yet, MGTs offer a rare context to investigate how consensually nonmonogamous sexual encounters and involvement with same-sex others influence attitudes. Thus, by adopting sexual script theory as a framework, the current study compared three dimensions of character judgments (cognitive abilities, morality, partner quality) and assumptions about the sexual history of hypothetical males and females who initiated a MGT (two females and one male; two males and one female) or mixed-sex dyadic sexual activity with a casual or committed partner. To do so, a between-subject design was adopted in which 690 U.S. adults (405 women, 285 men) evaluated a hypothetical initiator described in one of 12 vignettes. On average, participants made neutral judgments about the initiator, yet those initiating dyadic sexual behavior were judged more favorably and as having a less extensive sexual history than MGT initiators. Male initiators were judged more favorably than female initiators, particularly by men. Those initiating in the context of a committed relationship were judged as more moral and as higher-quality partners than those initiating within a casual relationship; female (but not male) initiators in the committed context were judged as having a less extensive sexual history than female initiators in the casual context. These results confirm the presence of mononormativity biases and the sexual double standard and have implications for educators and practitioners related to stigma reduction and the promotion of inclusive sexual education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 320 Bohannon Hall 1207, Ordean Court, Duluth, MN, 55812-3010, USA.
| | - E Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Dent V, Goodman G. Representations of attachment security, attachment avoidance, and gender in Ugandan children. Attach Hum Dev 2020; 23:710-739. [PMID: 33032493 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1830480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchers returned to the home of Mary Ainsworth's original attachment study to explore the contributions of Ugandan children's representations of attachment interactions with their caregivers to their perceptions about gender. Researchers administered the Attachment Story-Completion Task (ASCT) and applied three attachment narrative coding systems and a gender stereotypes typology to the ASCT stories of 51 Ugandan children ages 5-7. Nine attachment narrative variables were applied to the children's responses to a series of five attachment story stems told using a family of dolls. The narratives emerging from the children's responses to these story stems were also coded independently for 14 masculine and 14 feminine gender stereotypes. Empathic relations among the dolls and narrative coherence were positively correlated with counterstereotypical gender representations only in girls. Attachment representations of a rejecting father were positively correlated with stereotypical gender representations only in boys. Representations of attachment avoidance were negatively correlated with counterstereotypical gender representations in both boys and girls. The findings suggested two different trajectories for the development of gender representation flexibility in boys and girls. This study contextualizes these findings against the backdrop of a country with rigid sex roles and a fast-growing child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeda Dent
- Office of the Provost, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Office of the Provost, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Geoff Goodman
- Office of the Provost, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Office of the Provost, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
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Waldis L, Borter N, Rammsayer TH. On the Functional Relationships Among Sexual Orientation, Masculine and Feminine Gender Role Orientation, and Sociosexual Orientation in Young Heterosexual and Lesbian Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:1048-1058. [PMID: 31995407 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1717413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the mutual interplay of sexual orientation, masculine and feminine gender role orientation, and sociosexual orientation in young women. To ensure cross-sample validity, 323 heterosexual women and 323 lesbian women, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years, were matched for possible confounding variables. Lesbian women scored significantly higher (d = 0.27) on the Desire subscale of the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, but not on the Behavior (d = 0.07) and Attitude subscales (d = 0.11). Concerning gender role orientation, heterosexual women were characterized by significantly higher scores on the Femininity scale (d = 0.20), whereas lesbian women showed more pronounced masculine gender role orientation (d = 0.16). Structural equation modeling revealed two functionally distinct relationships between sexual orientation and sociosexuality, on the one hand, and between gender role orientation and sociosexuality, on the other hand. Sociosexual desire was exclusively associated with a woman's sexual orientation with no indication of any mediating effect of gender role orientation. Sociosexual behavior was positively related to a woman's level of masculine gender role orientation, while sociosexual attitude was positively associated with masculine and negatively associated with feminine gender role orientation, irrespective of sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waldis
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern
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16
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A Qualitative Exploration of Religion, Gender Norms, and Sexual Decision-Making within African American Faith-Based Communities. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-01047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Vallejo-Medina P, Rojas-Paoli I, Álvarez-Muelas A. Validation of the Sexual Desire Inventory in Colombia. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:385-398. [PMID: 32189586 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1739181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual desire is a cognitive and affective state that motivates an individual to engage in sexual activity. There are no validated measures to assess this construct in Colombia. The present study aimed to validate the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI) and explore gender-and age-based differences in sexual desire in Colombian population. The sample was composed of 2,125 men and women who answered the Colombian version of the SDI. Results indicated strict invariance between genders, a three-dimension model, and acceptable validity and reliability indicators. Gender-based and age-based differences were observed in the three types of sexual desire. Implications and conclusions of these findings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vallejo-Medina
- SexLabKL, School of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Isamar Rojas-Paoli
- SexLabKL, School of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Álvarez-Muelas
- Centro de Investigación, Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Klein V, Reininger KM, Briken P, Turner D. Sexual narcissism and its association with sexual and well-being outcomes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rubin JD, Conley TD, Klein V, Liu J, Lehane CM, Dammeyer J. A cross-national examination of sexual desire: The roles of ‘gendered cultural scripts’ and ‘sexual pleasure’ in predicting heterosexual women's desire for sex. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kvalem IL, Træen B, Markovic A, von Soest T. Body Image Development and Sexual Satisfaction: A Prospective Study From Adolescence to Adulthood. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:791-801. [PMID: 30260677 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1518400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore whether developmental trajectories of body satisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood predicted measures of sexual satisfaction in young adulthood, even when controlling for important covariates such as gender, weight development, relationship status, mental health, and frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation. Data were collected from a population-based prospective cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n = 2,587) over a period of 13 years in four waves (1992, 1994, 1999, and 2005; mean age = 14.9 in 1992, 57.3% women). Latent growth curves were estimated for body satisfaction and body mass index (BMI). Men reported higher sexual satisfaction, sexual activity, baseline body satisfaction, and BMI than women. The developmental trajectories revealed a slight increase in body satisfaction and BMI from adolescence to young adulthood in both genders. Moreover, structural equation models showed that baseline body satisfaction in both genders predicted sexual satisfaction as a young adult, independent of relationship status and frequency of sexual activity. Neither the development of BMI nor of body satisfaction predicted sexual satisfaction. The results elucidate the vital role of body satisfaction in sexual satisfaction in adults and the importance of addressing body dissatisfaction in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bente Træen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oslo
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Hendrickx L, Gijs L, Enzlin P. Who's Distressed by Sexual Difficulties? Exploring Associations Between Personal, Perceived Partner, and Relational Distress and Sexual Difficulties in Heterosexual Men and Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:300-313. [PMID: 30028210 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1493570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While not all sexual difficulties cause distress, research and clinical experience suggest that, apart from personal distress, partner and relational sexual distress are also often an important reason to seek professional help. The current study explored the associations between personal, perceived partner, and relational distress that men and women experience as a result of sexual difficulties. Data from heterosexual Flemish individuals ages 16 to 74 who were in a relationship (13,800 men and 13,242 women, mean age of 43.69, SD = 14.94) were collected via an online survey. Presence and severity of sexual difficulties and associated personal, perceived partner, and relational sexual distress were assessed. Among men and women with desire difficulties, either the three types of sexual distress were almost equally common or partner distress was most common. Arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain difficulties were most often associated with personal distress, particularly in men. Both men and women, however, most commonly reported that they experienced all three types of distress. These results are discussed in relation to Western gender-specific sexual scripts. Clinical implications and the importance of couples therapy and suggestions for clinically useful diagnostic criteria are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Hendrickx
- a Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences , KU Leuven
| | - Luk Gijs
- a Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences , KU Leuven
| | - Paul Enzlin
- a Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences , KU Leuven
- b Center for Clinical Sexology and Sex Therapy , University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven
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Klein V, Imhoff R, Reininger KM, Briken P. Perceptions of Sexual Script Deviation in Women and Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:631-644. [PMID: 30062603 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional sexual scripts are characterized by a gendered power inequality (male dominance vs. female submission) (Sanchez, Fetterolf, & Rudman, 2012). Although gender differences in a variety of sexual behaviors have been decreasing, research into sexual scripts provides some support for the existence of traditional sexual scripts adherence. Study 1a and 1b focused on men's evaluations of sexual script deviation in women (i.e., sexually assertive behavior) and the possible disapproval of these behaviors (backlash effects). Participants (381 and 382 self-identified heterosexual men) were presented with a randomly assigned vignette describing a hypothetical sexual scenario in which a woman behaved either sexually assertive or sexually timid. Both studies indicated that men to some extent expressed disapproval of sexually assertive women. With the aim to assess if backlash effects were due to women's sexual script deviation or if there was an overall negative evaluation of sexually assertive behavior irrespective of the target's gender, in Study 2 we focused on the perception of sexually assertive behavior in both women and men (N = 268). Although we found that gender role conformity was held for women, but not for men, the results suggest that the negative evaluation of sexual assertiveness was not due to script deviation, but that there is an overall conservative attitude toward sexually assertive behavior. Our study provides some insight into the motives of traditional sexual script adherence particularly for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Michael Reininger
- Department of Social and Political Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Berdychevsky L. Toward the Tailoring of Sexual Health Education Messages for Young Women: A Focus on Tourist Experiences. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:1171-1187. [PMID: 28276937 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1280720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perceived anonymity and decreased influence of sexual double standards in tourism provide female travelers with opportunities for sexual experimentation and risk taking. The purpose of this study was (a) to identify the clusters of risk takers among young women based on their perceptions of and motivations for sexual risk taking in tourism and (b) to profile the clusters with respect to the psychological, sexual, demographic, and tourist characteristics. The data were collected through an online survey of 853 women (age in years: M = 23.5, SD = 6.67). Five clusters of sexual risk takers emerged based on their factor-analyzed risk perceptions and motivations. These clusters were interpreted as (a) diversely motivated broad risk perceivers; (b) fun-seeking broad risk perceivers; (c) diversely motivated physical risk perceivers; (d) anonymity- and empowerment-seeking risk disregarders; and (e) unmotivated broad risk perceivers. Women in these clusters differed in their intentions to engage in sexual risk taking in tourism, sensation-seeking propensities, perceptions of tourist characteristics, levels of sexual experience, and demographic backgrounds. Results suggest tailoring sexual health promotion messages based on cluster affiliation, leveraging cluster-specific risk perceptions, motivations, and personal characteristics. This study provides recommendations for individually tailored, context-specific, age-appropriate, and gender-sensitive sexual health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Berdychevsky
- a Department of Recreation, Sport, and Tourism , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Berdychevsky L. Antecedents of Young Women's Sexual Risk Taking in Tourist Experiences. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:927-941. [PMID: 26575307 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1069783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological exploration was to shed light on the constellation of factors anteceding young women's sexual risk taking during their tourist experiences. A total of 15 in-depth interviews (1.5 to 2.5 hours each) with 13 women were conducted and analyzed through the lens of transcendental phenomenology. An analysis of antecedent factors revealed a confluence of sociopersonal characteristics (e.g., sexual definitions, attitudes, double standards, and age) and touristic attributes (e.g., the sense of temporariness/ephemerality, anonymity, and fun-oriented mentality depending on length, destination, and type of tourist experience) that underlie women's proclivity for and perceptions of sexual risk taking in certain travel scenarios. These result in myriad effects on physical, sexual health, sociocultural, mental, and emotional aspects of women's health and well-being. While the sociopersonal antecedents highlight the cross-pollination between sex-related perceptions in everyday life and touristic environments, the touristic antecedents emphasize the uniqueness of tourist experiences as the contexts for sexual risk taking. The findings address an underresearched topic in sex and tourism scholarship and offer implications for health education and intervention programs, pointing to the value of constructing the context-specific and gender-sensitive sexual health messages underpinned by the ideas of women's empowerment and sexual agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Berdychevsky
- a Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, College of Applied Health Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Shrier LA, Blood EA. Momentary Desire for Sexual Intercourse and Momentary Emotional Intimacy Associated With Perceived Relationship Quality and Physical Intimacy in Heterosexual Emerging Adult Couples. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:968-978. [PMID: 26606678 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual desire and emotional intimacy are central to relationships, yet little is known about how these feelings vary within and between partners or relate to dyad functioning. We explored magnitude and stability of momentary sexual desire and emotional intimacy in relation to quality and functioning of heterosexual relationships. After reporting perceived relationship quality and physical intimacy enjoyment, members of 18 emerging adult heterosexual couples reported momentary partner-specific sexual desire and emotional intimacy several times a day for two weeks (2,224 reports). Mean and mean squared successive difference (MSSD) characterized magnitude and stability, respectively, of the momentary states. Regression models of relationship outcomes examined influence of the male versus female partner having greater or more stable desire and intimacy. Sexual desire and emotional intimacy magnitude and stability were associated with relationship quality and physical intimacy enjoyment differently for men versus women. Gender-specific differences between partners also predicted relationship outcomes. Men particularly perceived higher relationship quality and enjoyed physical intimacy more when they had higher and more stable sexual desire and their female partners had more stable emotional intimacy. Partner differences in momentary sexual desire and emotional intimacy may contribute to understanding quality and functioning of heterosexual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Shrier
- a Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine , Boston Children's Hospital
- b Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School
| | - Emily A Blood
- b Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School
- c Clinical Research Center , Boston Children's Hospital
- d Department of Community and Family Medicine , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
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Sexual Script Theory: Past, Present, and Future. HANDBOOKS OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17341-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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McClelland SI. “What do you mean when you say that you are sexually satisfied?” A mixed methods study. FEMINISM & PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0959353513508392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Not enough is understood about the role of gender norms and sexual stigma in shaping individuals’ definitions of sexual satisfaction. The current study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of definitions of sexual satisfaction in a sample of young adults, ages 18–28 (M = 22.6; SD = 4.78). Forty US participants (50% females; 45% LGBTQ; 53% white) sorted 63 statements about sexual satisfaction using a Q methodology design ( Watts and Stenner, 2005 ), followed by semi-structured interviews. This mixed methods procedure enabled both a systematic and in-depth examination of the dimensions participants prioritized when determining their sexual satisfaction. Analysis of participants’ Q sorts indicated four distinct perspectives on sexual satisfaction: emotional and masculine; relational and feminine; partner focused; and orgasm focused. These four factors were further explored using participants’ interview data. Findings indicated that individuals interpreted sexual satisfaction using several key dimensions not regularly included in survey research. Existing survey items do not regularly attend to the gendered and heteronormative components of sexual satisfaction appraisals and as a result, important interpretive patterns may be overlooked.
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Deutsch AR, Hoffman L, Wilcox BL. Sexual self-concept: testing a hypothetical model for men and women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 51:932-945. [PMID: 23998689 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.805315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One theoretical concept receiving modest attention in contemporary sex research is the sexual self-concept (SSC). However, a lack of cohesion within this research has culminated in a collection of SSC models which overlap one another but which are not exactly the same. Therefore, a unified conceptual model of SSC needs to be established. In addition, little research has examined potential differences between genders in SSC, as most SSC research has focused on women. Using Buzwell and Rosenthal's 1996 sexual selves model as a theoretical basis, a six-factor higher-order latent SSC model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Lower-order factors for this model included multidimensional sexual self-esteem and sexual self-efficacy factors, as well as unidimensional arousal, anxiety, exploration, and commitment factors. A five-factor latent model (after removing the commitment and the resistance sexual self-efficacy factors) was the best-fitting model. This model was then tested for measurement and structural invariance between genders. Results indicated that while the measurement of SSC was similar between men and women, structural invariance did not hold, as men had a significantly higher latent SSC score compared to women. These findings have important implications for sexual self-concept research, as well as contributing to better understanding of human sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , University of Missouri-Columbia
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Sakaluk JK, Todd LM, Milhausen R, Lachowsky NJ. Dominant heterosexual sexual scripts in emerging adulthood: conceptualization and measurement. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 51:516-31. [PMID: 23672338 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.745473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexual script research (Simon & Gagnon 1969 , 1986 ) bourgeoned following Simon and Gagnon's groundbreaking work. Empirical measurement of sexual script adherence has been limited, however, as no measures exist that have undergone rigorous development and validation. We conducted three studies to examine current dominant sexual scripts of heterosexual adults and to develop a measure of endorsement of these scripts. In Study 1, we conducted three focus groups of men ( n = 19) and four of women ( n = 20) to discuss the current scripts governing sexual behavior. Results supported scripts for sex drive, physical and emotional sex, sexual performance, initiation and gatekeeping, and evaluation of sexual others. In Study 2, we used these qualitative findings to develop a measure of script endorsement, the Sexual Script Scale. Factor analysis of data from 721 participants revealed six interrelated factors demonstrating initial construct validity. In Study 3, confirmatory factor analysis of a separate sample of 289 participants supported the model from Study 2, and evidence of factorial invariance and test-retest reliability was obtained. This article presents the results of these studies, documenting the process of scale development from formative research through to confirmatory testing, and suggests future directions for the continued development of sexual scripting theory.
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Opperman E, Braun V, Clarke V, Rogers C. "It feels so good it almost hurts": young adults' experiences of orgasm and sexual pleasure. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 51:503-15. [PMID: 23631739 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.753982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Orgasm is a "goal" of much sexual activity, and a source of potentially intense pleasure and fulfillment, yet can be fraught with difficulty or distress. Relatively little social science research has explored people's experiences around, and their meanings related to, orgasm, and indeed other sexual pleasures, especially with young adults. This study aimed to provide a rich exploration of the meanings associated with orgasm and sexual pleasure during sex with a partner, to understand the social patterning of orgasm experience. A qualitative survey was used to collect data from 119 sexually experienced British young adults (81% women, mean age 20, 92% heterosexual). A descriptive form of thematic analysis that prioritizes participants' meanings and experiences was used to identify and explore patterns in the data. Five main themes are reported here: (a) orgasm: the purpose and end of sex; (b) "it's more about my partner's orgasm"; (c) orgasm: the ultimate pleasure?; (d) orgasm is not a simple physiological response; and (e) faking orgasm is not uncommon. These (mostly not gendered) themes demonstrate the complex and contradictory meanings around orgasm, and reveal meaning to be dependent on situation and context. However, they do resonate strongly with widespread discourses of sexuality that prioritize heterosexual coitus, orgasm, and orgasm reciprocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Opperman
- a Department of Family Relations and Applied Human Nutrition , University of Guelph
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Aicken CRH, Gray M, Clifton S, Tanton C, Field N, Sonnenberg P, Johnson AM, Mercer CH. Improving questions on sexual partnerships: lessons learned from cognitive interviews for Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles ("Natsal-3"). ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 42:173-185. [PMID: 22695641 PMCID: PMC3541929 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-9962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of sexual partnership formation and dissolution are key drivers of sexually transmitted infection transmission. Sexual behavior survey participants may be unable or unwilling to report accurate details about their sexual partners, limiting the potential to capture information on sexual mixing and timing of partnerships. We examined how questions were interpreted, including recall strategies and judgments made in selecting responses, to inform development of a module on recent sexual partnerships in Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles ("Natsal-3"). Face-to-face cognitive interviews were conducted with 14 men and 18 women aged 18-74 years, during development work for Natsal-3. People with multiple recent partners were purposively sampled and questions were presented as a computer-assisted self-interview. Participants were generally agreeable to answering questions about their sexual partners and practices. Interpretation of questions designed to measure concurrent (overlapping) partnerships was broadly consistent with the epidemiological concept of concurrency. Partners' ages, genders, ethnicity, and participants' perceptions of whether partner(s) had had concurrent partnerships were reported without offense. Recall problems and lack of knowledge were reported by some participants (of all ages), especially about former, casual, and/or new partnerships, and some reported guessing partners' ages and dates of sex. Generally, participants were able to answer questions about their sexual partners accurately, even when repeated for multiple partners. Cognitive interviews provided insight into the participants' understanding of, ability to answer, and willingness to answer questions. This enabled us to improve questions used in previous surveys, refine new questions, and ensure the questionnaire order was logical for participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. H. Aicken
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | | | | | - Clare Tanton
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Anne M. Johnson
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Catherine H. Mercer
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
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Sanchez DT, Fetterolf JC, Rudman LA. Eroticizing inequality in the United States: the consequences and determinants of traditional gender role adherence in intimate relationships. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2012; 49:168-83. [PMID: 22380587 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2011.653699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the research on traditional gender-role adherence and sexuality for heterosexual men and women. Specifically, the consequences and predictors of following traditional gender roles of female submissiveness and male dominance in sexual relationships is examined. Despite evidence that men and women's sexual roles are becoming more egalitarian over time, empirical evidence suggests that the traditional sexual roles continue to dominate heterosexual relations. This article explores whether the sexual context is one in which both men and women feel particularly compelled to engage in gender stereotypic behavior, and why. In addition, this article reports on research that finds that men and women have automatic associations between sexuality and power that reinforce their gender stereotypic behavior in sexual contexts. The negative effects of traditional gender-role adherence for women's sexual problems and satisfaction is demonstrated. This article concludes that traditional sexual scripts are harmful for both women's and men's ability to engage in authentic, rewarding sexual expression, although the female submissive role may be particularly debilitating. Future directions of research are suggested, including interventions to reduce women's adherence to the sexually submissive female script.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana T Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8040, USA.
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"Sex isn't something you do with someone you don't care about": young women's definitions of sex. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2011; 24:266-71. [PMID: 21715191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE How young women define sexual intercourse has implications for their sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. This study investigated young women's (1) definitions of sex, (2) understanding of a unique sex event, and (3) definitions of when a sex event begins and ends. DESIGN Using semi-structured interviews, young women were asked to define sex, define when a sex event began and ended, and were asked whether they thought their partners would agree. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. SETTING Participants were recruited from an urban adolescent health clinic in the Northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four heterosexual, sexually active young women contributed data for analysis. INTERVENTIONS None. RESULTS Young women's definitions of sex varied. Some included anal and oral sex while others did not. Time between sex events, new condom use, and new erection were used to define unique sex events. Some believed sex began with foreplay. Others believed sex began when the penis entered the vagina. Some believed sex ended when the penis was withdrawn from the vagina. Others believed sex ended with orgasm for one or both partners. Young women talked about the influence of relationship type on their definitions of sex. CONCLUSIONS Variations in young women's definitions of sex may influence their responses to clinical questions about sexual activity and their understanding of their STI risk. As such, our findings have important implications for clinical counseling regarding sexual behavior and correct condom use and for researchers investigating young women's sexual behavior.
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McCabe J, Brewster KL, Tillman KH. Patterns and correlates of same-sex sexual activity among U.S. teenagers and young adults. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2011; 43:142-150. [PMID: 21884381 DOI: 10.1363/4314211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of same-sex sexual activity among teenagers and young adults, particularly those who do not identify themselves as gay, lesbian or bisexual. Effective interventions to prevent STDs require accurate understanding of youths' sexual behavior. METHODS Descriptive and regression analyses of data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth examined patterns and correlates of same-sex sexual activity among a sample of 2,688 never-married, noncohabiting men and women aged 15-21. Same-sex behavior was assessed separately by gender, as well as by heterosexual experience and sexual attraction and identity. RESULTS Eleven percent of women and 4% of men reported same-sex sexual experience. Youth who were attracted only to the opposite sex had a decreased likelihood of reporting same-sex activity (rate ratio, 0.1 for each gender), while women and men who identified themselves as homosexual or bisexual had an elevated likelihood of such activity (5.1 and 5.9, respectively). However, among women who were attracted exclusively to men, those who had had heterosexual sex were more than four times as likely as those who had not to have engaged in same-sex activity. Finally, among youth who reported any same-sex attraction, women and men who said they were homosexual or bisexual had an elevated likelihood of having engaged in same-sex behavior (4.7 and 5.6, respectively). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of "straight" youth engage in same-sex activity, and so information on risks associated with such behavior should be included in sex education programs and targeted to all youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice McCabe
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
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Bancroft J, Long JS, McCabe J. Sexual well-being: a comparison of U.S. black and white women in heterosexual relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:725-40. [PMID: 20953901 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, considerable attention has been directed to sexual behaviors of black and white adolescents, particularly age at first sexual experience and the prevalence of teenage pregnancies. More limited attention has been paid to comparing established sexual relationships in these two racial groups. In this study, we used a national probability sample to compare black (n = 251) and white (n = 544) American women, aged 20-65 years, who were in an established heterosexual relationship of at least 6 months duration. We focused on two aspects of their sexual well-being; how a woman evaluated (1) her sexual relationship and (2) her own sexuality. A range of possible determinants of sexual well-being, including demographic factors, physical and mental health, and aspects of the women's recent sexual experiences, were also assessed using Telephone-Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (T-ACASI). We found no significant difference between black and white women in their evaluation of their sexual relationships nor in the independent variables that were correlated with this evaluation. Black women, however, evaluated their own sexuality more positively than white women. In examining the correlates of this evaluation, a woman's rating of her own sexual attractiveness proved to be the strongest predictor, with black women rating themselves significantly more sexually attractive than did the white women. Overall, these findings were consistent with previous findings that, compared to white women, black women in the United States have higher self-esteem and tend towards more independence and individualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bancroft
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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