1
|
Gómez-Polo C, Montero J, Portillo Muñoz M, Lobato Carreño M, Pardal-Peláez B, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Martín Casado AM. Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits of University Students in Dentistry, Medicine and Pharmacy Degrees. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1757-1768. [PMID: 38921082 PMCID: PMC11203328 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to characterize dentistry, medicine and pharmacy students in terms of emotional intelligence (EI) and personality traits (PTs). It also sought to identify whether differences existed according to gender and degree program and the relationship between them. METHODS Students enrolled in dentistry (115), medicine (85) and pharmacy (57) degree programs participated voluntarily in the research, including 59 men and 198 women. The following questionnaires were used: (1) the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) to evaluate EI; (2) the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess PT. The Qualtrics XM platform was used for data collection. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between three components of EI, either according to gender or degree program. The only difference in PTs was found in neuroticism, where women scored higher than men. There were statistically significant differences between students on different degree programs in openness to experience and responsibility. The five PTs correlated significantly with the three components of EI, except responsibility and emotional attention. The strongest associations were found between neuroticism and emotional repair (-0.439). CONCLUSIONS High percentages of the student population were observed to have weaknesses in emotional clarity and emotional repair. Neuroticism is a personality trait that seems to occur more frequently in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez-Polo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Javier Montero
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - María Portillo Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Maria Lobato Carreño
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Pardal-Peláez
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (J.M.); (M.L.C.); (B.P.-P.); (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Ana María Martín Casado
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abouhasera S, Abu-Madi M, Al-Hamdani M, Abdallah AM. Exploring Emotional Intelligence and Sociodemographics in Higher Education; the Imperative for Skills and Curriculum Development. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37998658 PMCID: PMC10669286 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the nature and impact of emotional intelligence (EI) in educational institutions and the workplace since EI is associated with academic performance, career success, job satisfaction, and management skills. Here we measured EI levels in students and employees at Qatar University and examined associations with sociodemographic variables. This cross-sectional study used the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) questionnaire to quantify EI. Of 517 respondents, 315 were students and 202 were employees. The mean global EI level across all participants was 4.80 ± 0.78, with EI highest in the well-being domain (5.43 ± 1.04). Overall, older respondents had higher EI than younger respondents. There was no significant effect of gender, marital status, or employment position on EI. However, there were significant two- and three-way interactions. As a standalone variable, age was the most important factor influencing EI development in our cohort. However, three-way interactions revealed complex effects between age, gender, and marital status and EI. Our findings support a need for workshops on EI for employees and integrating dedicated courses into existing curricula to equip students with effective interpersonal relationship skills that foster EI development. Developing such interpersonal skills could help to promote personal, professional, and academic success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Abouhasera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (M.A.-M.)
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Marawan Abu-Madi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Hamdani
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haver A, Krampe H, Danbolt LJ, Stålsett G, Schnell T. Emotion regulation moderates the association between COVID-19 stress and mental distress: findings on buffering, exacerbation, and gender differences in a cross-sectional study from Norway. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1121986. [PMID: 38427783 PMCID: PMC10325689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining good mental health is important during a crisis. However, little attention has been given to how people achieve this, or how they evaluate emotions associated with stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to (1) investigate whether emotion regulation, in particular cognitive reappraisal and suppression, moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress and (2) examine gender differences in the interrelations between COVID-19 stress, emotion regulation, and mental distress. Methods Data from a population in Norway (n = 1.225) were collected using a cross-sectional survey during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Scale (ERQ), COVID-19 stress with the COVID-19 Stress Scale, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results There was a strong association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress (r = 0.61). The moderation analyses showed substantial moderation effects of cognitive reappraisal and suppression on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Cognitive reappraisal served as a buffer (p = 0.001) and suppression (p = 0.002) exacerbated the relation between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Men had higher scores of suppression (p < 0.001), and women had higher scores of cognitive reappraisal (p = 0.025). The buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal presented itself only in women (p < 0.001), while the exacerbation effect of suppression appeared only in men (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress is easier to deal with for those who have the tendency to cognitively reappraise. In contrast, suppression is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress can be supported by guiding people about the importance of using healthy emotion regulation strategies, as well as helping them to become more aware of the way they interpret and regulate their emotions. Gender differences in emotion regulation suggest gender awareness, e.g., tailored programs for men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Haver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychology of Religion, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Gry Stålsett
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lutz R, Jungbäck N, Wischlitzki E, Drexler H. Health-oriented leadership, gender-differences and job satisfaction: results from a representative population-based study in Germany. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:105. [PMID: 36641422 PMCID: PMC9840539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the topic of health-oriented leadership (HoL) has often been investigated with health-related outcomes like general health, strain, depression, and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, research which considers the gender of leaders and employees in connection to HoL as well as studies on relationships between HoL and job satisfaction, are scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationships between HoL and health status assessed by employees and leaders, to analyse the relationships between HoL and job satisfaction as a non-health-related outcome for employees and leaders and to examine differences in the assessment of HoL between men and women in a representative dataset of the working population in Germany. METHODS Data were collected via an access panel as a cross-sectional survey. The quota sample included 643 German workers (managers and employees). We focused on staff-care as a core component of HoL. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson correlations and regression analyses as well as t-tests and Mann-Whitney-U-Tests. RESULTS The results showed no significant differences between male and female employees or leaders in assessing HoL. Regarding HoL we found relationships between self-rated health status or job satisfaction, both for the self-rated assessment of leaders and employees. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate relationships between HoL and well-being as well as job satisfaction at the workplace. For interventions of any kind, the lack of gender effects leaves a wide scope for the implementation of health-promoting measures. In particular, the findings on the relationship between HoL and job satisfaction through leaders' self-assessment could be used for salutogenic approaches to strengthen resources in leadership trainings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Lutz
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Jungbäck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wischlitzki
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9-11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pirsoul T, Parmentier M, Nils F. Emotional Intelligence Profiles and Job Search Correlates in the Context of the School-to-Work Transition. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221141445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study adopted a person-centered approach to explore emotional intelligence profiles among 1582 university students and investigated whether different combinations of self-focused (i.e., intrapersonal) and other-focused (i.e., interpersonal) emotion appraisal and regulation emerged between women and men. We also examined the relations of these profiles with job search self-efficacy and job search clarity. Four distinct profiles emerged for the women and men that differed in terms of level and shape. Furthermore, these profiles predicted job search self-efficacy significantly for the women and men, but they predicted only job search clarity among the men. These results provide evidence about the importance of differentiating profiles of emotional intelligence between women and men and to be particularly attentive to gender stereotypes. Second, these results open new avenues for tailor-made career counseling interventions for university students facing the school-to-work transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pirsoul
- UCLouvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michaël Parmentier
- UCLouvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Research Center in Vocational Psychology and Career Counseling, Institute of Psychology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Research and Innovation, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Nils
- UCLouvain, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Butler L, Park SK, Vyas D, Cole JD, Haney JS, Marrs JC, Williams E. Evidence and Strategies for Including Emotional Intelligence in Pharmacy Education. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:ajpe8674. [PMID: 34697015 PMCID: PMC10159398 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This integrative review summarizes the literature addressing emotional intelligence among health care professionals and students to better define and incorporate it into the pharmacy curricula.Findings. Emotional intelligence is an essential attribute for relationship building, stress management, and self-regulation. Pharmacy students must develop and improve their emotional intelligence to support their development of successful relationships with patients, pharmacy colleagues, and other health care providers. In addition, awareness of one's own biases and emotions can help with behavioral regulation, which can facilitate enhanced communications with others. Increasing evidence suggests that emotional intelligence can influence academic success, the ability to provide compassionate and competent patient care, the ability to lead and influence others, and the ability to manage stress, all of which are important in pharmacy education. Educators can help learners develop emotional intelligence by designing activities that directly identify and target areas of weakness while leveraging areas of strength.Summary. This article discusses key background studies on emotional intelligence in the health professions literature and identifies specific methods and strategies to develop learners' emotional intelligence within the curriculum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakesha Butler
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sharon K Park
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- Notre Dame of Maryland University, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deepti Vyas
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- University of the Pacific, School of Pharmacy, Stockton, California
| | - Jaclyn D Cole
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- University of South Florida, Taneja College of Pharmacy, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jason S Haney
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joel C Marrs
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Evan Williams
- AACP Council of Faculties, Faculty Affairs Committee, Arlington, Virginia
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Henderson, Nevada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pulido-Martos M, Cortés-Denia D, Luque-Reca O, Lopez-Zafra E. Authentic leadership and personal and job demands/resources: A person-centered approach and links with work-related subjective well-being. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe job demands-resources theory considers an open group of personal and job demands and resources. Thus, it allows us to include personal resources not yet covered (i.e., vigor at work) or less explored (i.e., emotional abilities), as well as personal demands not yet explored (i.e., overcommitment). Additionally, from this theory, it is proposed that leaders may influence employee wellbeing. Therefore, of particular interest is to analyze positive leadership styles, such as authentic leadership (AL). This study addresses three research objectives: 1) to identify profiles of employees from a person-centered approach, combining personal resources (self-perception of emotional abilities, vigor at work and self-efficacy) and personal demands (overcommitment) with job resources and demands; 2) to analyze the relation of the identified profiles with indicators of work-related subjective well-being; and 3) to acknowledge whether the AL style determines the pertaining to a profile probability. A large heterogeneous sample of Spanish employees (N = 968) responded to a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by adopting a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis. The results revealed five patterns of job and individual characteristics: Profile 5 (very low personal resources, and low job resources and demands); Profile 4 (low resources and high demands); Profile 3 (mid-level personal resources, high job resources and low demands); Profile 2 (high personal resources, mid-level job resources and high demands); and Profile 1 (high resources and low demands). Analyses showed that workers differed significantly in well-being depending on their profile membership, with Profile 1 having the highest well-being. Profiles that yielded the worst outcomes were Profile 4 and Profile 5, especially the latter. Finally, the results indicated that AL increased the probability that a profile would show a high well-being level.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vial AC, Cowgill CM. Heavier Lies Her Crown: Gendered Patterns of Leader Emotional Labor and Their Downstream Effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:849566. [PMID: 36106035 PMCID: PMC9465331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.849566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Women use power in more prosocial ways than men and they also engage in more emotional labor (i.e., self-regulate their emotions to respond and attend to the needs and emotions of other people in a way that advances organizational goals). However, these two constructs have not been previously connected. We propose that gendered emotional labor practices and pressures result in gender differences in the prosocial use of power. We integrate the literature on emotional labor with research on the psychology of power to articulate three routes through which this happens. First, women may be more adept than men at the intrapersonal and interpersonal processes entailed in emotional labor practices—a skill that they can apply at all hierarchical levels. Second, given women’s stronger internal motivation to perform emotional labor, they construe power in a more interdependent manner than men, which promotes a more prosocial use of power. As a result, female powerholders tend to behave in more prosocial ways. Third, when they have power, women encounter stronger external motivation to engage in emotional labor, which effectively constrains powerful women’s behaviors in a way that fosters a more prosocial use of power. We discuss how, by promoting prosocial behavior among powerholders, emotional labor can be beneficial for subordinates and organizations (e.g., increase employee well-being and organizational trust), while simultaneously creating costs for individual powerholders, which may reduce women’s likelihood of actually attaining and retaining power by (a) making high-power roles less appealing, (b) guiding women toward less prestigious and (c) more precarious leadership roles, (d) draining powerful women’s time and resources without equitable rewards, and (e) making it difficult for women to legitimize their power in the eyes of subordinates (especially men). Thus, emotional labor practices can help explain the underrepresentation of women in top leadership positions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gartzia L. Self and other reported workplace traits: A communal gap of men across occupations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Gartzia
- Department of Management Deusto Business School University of Deusto Bilbao Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez-Zafra E, Garcia-Retamero R. Are gender stereotypes changing over time? A cross-temporal analysis of perceptions about gender stereotypes in Spain (¿Están cambiando los estereotipos de género con el tiempo? Un análisis transtemporal de las percepciones sobre los estereotipos de género en España). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2021.1882227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Di M, Deng X, Zhao J, Kong F. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance Across Sex of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in Chinese adolescents. Psychol Rep 2020; 125:599-619. [PMID: 33174816 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120972634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in Chinese adolescents by examining factor structure, sex-related measurement invariance and latent mean differences, reliability, and criterion-related validity.A total of 1674 Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 years old (Mage = 15.26, SD = .58) were recruited. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the four-factor model of the WLEIS as the best fit to the data. Multi-group CFA suggested that the measurement structure of the WLEIS was invariant across sex. Testing for the latent mean differences showed that male adolescents scored lower on the Other-Emotional Appraisal subscale, but scored higher on the Regulation of Emotion subscale than female adolescents. Furthermore, all the subscales of male and female adolescents had satisfactory composite reliability. Finally, the WLEIS had favorable criterion-related validity with self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and perceived stress. These findings suggested that the WLEIS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing trait emotional intelligence of adolescents and can be generalized across sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Di
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crane AG, Cormier ML, Taylor RN, Parker JD. Teaching emotional and social competencies: Efficacy of a work readiness program designed for vulnerable youth. Work 2020; 67:407-418. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As emotional and social competency training proliferates within a work readiness context, concerns remain regarding their efficacy. Data on these programs tends to be scarce and outcome objectives are often poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: Authors developed and tested a work readiness emotional and social competency program specifically designed for at-risk young adults, tailored with best practices in mind. METHOD: 84 clients of a community organization that provides employment support to young adults with disabilities (48 men and 36 women) with a mean age of 28.17 years (SD = 11.64) completed measures of emotional intelligence and alexithymia on either side of the 4-week intervention. RESULTS: Men’s interpersonal scores and women’s adaptability scores showed significant improvement across the intervention. In addition, women’s scores in both identifying and describing feelings improved significantly, as did men’s scores in describing feelings. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of work readiness, participants in an intervention to improve emotional and social competencies can see key improvements to competencies linked to occupational attainment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Geoffrey Crane
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robyn N. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - James D.A. Parker
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Law T, Chita-Tegmark M, Scheutz M. The Interplay Between Emotional Intelligence, Trust, and Gender in Human–Robot Interaction. Int J Soc Robot 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-020-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence to Career Success: Beyond Personality Traits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234809. [PMID: 31795505 PMCID: PMC6926721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in both extrinsic and intrinsic career success in early and later career stages. Specifically, we examined the predictive and incremental validity of emotional intelligence in career success after controlling for personality factors in a sample of 271 graduates. When analyzing extrinsic career success, regression analyses revealed that demographic variables, such as gender, age, area of study and career stage, and the variable of proactive personality, were related to salary. When the dependent variable was job satisfaction, emotional intelligence acted as a strong predictor, even when personality traits and proactive personality were controlled. These findings provide preliminary evidence that emotional intelligence is a relevant addition to guide the achievement of career success. Finally, limitations of the results and implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopez-Zafra E, Ramos-Álvarez MM, El Ghoudani K, Luque-Reca O, Augusto-Landa JM, Zarhbouch B, Alaoui S, Cortés-Denia D, Pulido-Martos M. Social Support and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Resources for Well-Being in Moroccan Adolescents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1529. [PMID: 31354568 PMCID: PMC6635474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test a structural model to examine the protective role of psychosocial variables, such as social support, emotional intelligence and their interaction, on the cognitive dimension of subjective positive well-being (life satisfaction) and negative well-being (depression) in Moroccan adolescents. The participants consisted of 1277 students (571 men, 694 women and 12 missing values) with a mean age of 16.15 years (SD = 2.22; range = 9 to 23) who attended 26 public schools in different territories of Morocco. These students were in secondary education (n = 893) and high school (n = 378) (6 missing values). The scales for measuring the variables of interest had to be adapted and validated as a previous step for the further proposal of a model of relations. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model. The model that optimally adjusted the data confirmed the protective role of social support in the well-being of Moroccan adolescents. Consistent with previous studies, social support was directly related to well-being. However, it also modulated levels of satisfaction with life. Likewise, the inclusion of emotional intelligence as an additional protective factor contributed to the explanation of the well-being mechanisms in adolescents. In addition to direct associations with the levels of social support, satisfaction with life and depression (negative in the latter case), emotional intelligence participated in a complex chain affecting life satisfaction and life satisfaction affecting depression. Moreover, the interaction of emotional intelligence with social support was confirmed to determine levels of life satisfaction in adolescents. Specifically, social support multiplied the effects of the relationship between satisfaction with life and emotional intelligence in cases of moderate and high levels in Moroccan adolescents. This study fills a gap in the literature by adapting and further analyzing several scales with Moroccan samples of adolescents and by proposing and verifying a relational model that can help researchers and teachers to more precisely clarify these relations according to their context. The enhancement of protective factors, such as social support and emotional intelligence, will promote healthy youth development, thus creating healthier societies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lopez-Zafra
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Karima El Ghoudani
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Octavio Luque-Reca
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Francisco de Vitoria University, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Benaissa Zarhbouch
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences – Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Smail Alaoui
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences – Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Daniel Cortés-Denia
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quintana-Orts C, Rey L, Mérida-López S, Extremera N. What bridges the gap between emotional intelligence and suicide risk in victims of bullying? A moderated mediation study. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:798-805. [PMID: 30699862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has demonstrated that victims of bullying report serious problems, such as depression, which heighten the risk of suicide. Emotional intelligence (EI) has been increasingly recognized as a protective factor, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relation between EI and suicide risk in victims. This study aimed to test a theoretical model of how EI, depressive symptoms and gender interact to influence suicidal ideation and attempts in a sample of Spanish victims of bullying. METHODS The sample comprised 465 victims (273 girls) who completed self-report measures of perceived EI, depression and suicide risk. RESULTS Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using conditional process analysis. Findings showed that EI is a predictor of decreased suicide in victims. This relationship was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this effect was moderated by gender, such that the mediation effect was stronger in girls compared to boys (moderated mediation). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design and the use of self-report instruments. Future research should address the longitudinal relations of these findings. CONCLUSIONS The promotion of emotional skills could be core to the development of suicide prevention programs in those high-risk adolescents who have suffered from bullying. Furthermore, gender should be taken into consideration, especially with regard to females reporting depressive symptoms related to having been bullied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
El Ghoudani K, Pulido-Martos M, Lopez-Zafra E. Measuring emotional intelligence in Moroccan Arabic: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale / Medidas de la inteligencia emocional en árabe marroquí: la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1385243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Paino S, de Matos MG. Perceived emotional intelligence as a predictor of depressive symptoms during mid-adolescence: A two-year longitudinal study on gender differences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
19
|
McNulty J, Mackay S, Lewis S, Lane S, White P. An international study of emotional intelligence in first year radiography students: The relationship to age, gender and culture. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Aznar A, Tenenbaum HR. Gender and age differences in parent-child emotion talk. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 33:148-55. [PMID: 25387786 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in emotion word use during mother-child and father-child conversations. Sixty-five Spanish mothers and fathers and their 4- (M = 53.50, SD = 3.54) and 6-year-old (M = 77.07, SD = 3.94) children participated in this study. Emotion talk was examined during a play-related storytelling task and a reminiscence task (conversation about past experiences). Mothers mentioned a higher proportion of emotion words than did fathers. During the play-related storytelling task, mothers of 4-year-old daughters mentioned a higher proportion of emotion words than did mothers of 4-year-old sons, whereas fathers of 4-year-old daughters directed a higher proportion of emotion words than did fathers of 4-year-old sons during the reminiscence task. No gender differences were found with parents of 6-year-old children. During the reminiscence task daughters mentioned more emotion words with their fathers than with their mothers. Finally, mothers' use of emotion talk was related to whether children used emotion talk in both tasks. Fathers' use of emotion talk was only related to children's emotion talk during the reminiscence task.
Collapse
|
21
|
|