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Babatunde EO, Gurav R, Hwang SS. Pistia stratiotes L. Biochar for Sorptive Removal of Aqueous Inorganic Nitrogen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3858. [PMID: 39124522 PMCID: PMC11314077 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has proven effective in the remediation of excess nitrogen from soil and water. Excess nitrogen from agricultural fields ends up in aquatic systems and leads to reduced water quality and the proliferation of invasive species. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of chemically surface-modified biochar produced from invasive Pistia stratiotes L. for the adsorption of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-). Biochar structure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results from adsorption experiments indicate that NH4+ removal was optimal (0.8-1.3 mg N g-1) at near-neutral pH levels (6.0-7.5), while NO3- removal was optimal (0.4-0.8 mg N g-1) under acidic pH conditions (4.8-6.5) using the modified biochar. These findings highlight the significance of solution pH, biochar morphology, and surface chemistry in influencing the adsorption of NH4+ and NO3-. However, further studies are necessary to assess the potential oxidative transformation of NH4+ to NO3- by biochar, which might have contributed to the reduction in NH4+ in the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice O. Babatunde
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Sangchul S. Hwang
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
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Korobova A, Gromov N, Medvedeva T, Lisitsyn A, Kibis L, Stonkus O, Sobolev V, Podyacheva O. Ru Catalysts Supported on Bamboo-like N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes: Activity and Stability in Oxidizing and Reducing Environment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1465. [PMID: 36837095 PMCID: PMC9964624 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalysts with platinum-group metals on nanostructured carbons have been a very active field of research, but the studies were mainly limited to Pt and Pd. Here, Ru catalysts based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized; Ru loading was kept constant (3 wt.%), while the degree of N-doping was varied (from 0 to 4.8 at.%) to evaluate its influence on the state of supported metal. Using the N-CNTs afforded ultrafine Ru particles (<2 nm) and allowed a portion of Ru to be stabilized in an atomic state. The presence of Ru single atoms in Ru/N-CNTs expectedly increased catalytic activity and selectivity in the formic acid decomposition (FAD) but had no effect in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, thus arguing against a key role of single-atom catalysis in the latter case. A remarkable difference between these two reactions was also found in regard to catalyst stability. In the course of FAD, no changes in the support or supported species or reaction rate were observed even at a high temperature (150 °C). In CWAO, although 100% conversions were still achievable in repeated runs, the oxidizing environment caused partial destruction of N-CNTs and progressive deactivation of the Ru surface by carbonaceous deposits. These findings add important new knowledge about the properties and applicability of Ru@C nanosystems.
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Recent Developments in Activated Carbon Catalysts Based on Pore Size Regulation in the Application of Catalytic Ozonation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its highly developed pore structure and large specific surface area, activated carbon is often used as a catalyst or catalyst carrier in catalytic ozonation. Although the pore structure of activated carbon plays a significant role in the treatment of wastewater and the mass transfer of ozone molecules, the effect is complicated and unclear. Because different application scenarios require catalysts with different pore structures, catalysts with appropriate pore structure characteristics should be developed. In this review, we systematically summarized the current adjustment methods for the pore structure of activated carbon, including raw material, carbonization, activation, modification, and loading. Then, based on the brief introduction of the application of activated carbon in catalytic ozonation, the effects of pore structure on catalytic ozonation and mass transfer are reviewed. Furthermore, we proposed that the effect of pore structure is mainly to provide catalytic active sites, promote free radical generation, and reduce mass transfer resistance. Therefore, large external surface area and reasonable pore size distribution are conducive to catalytic ozonation and mass transfer.
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Sun W, Liu D, Zhang M. Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Manoj D, Saravanan R, Ponce LC. Recent Strategies on Hybrid Inorganic-Graphene Materials for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Heavy Metal Detection. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The N, S-co-doping of commercial carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was performed by a solvent-free mechanothermal approach using thiourea. CNTs were mixed with the N, S-dual precursor in a ball-milling apparatus, and further thermally treated under inert atmosphere between 600 and 1000 °C. The influence of the temperature applied during the thermal procedure was investigated. Textural properties of the materials were not significantly affected either by the mechanical step or by the heating phase. Concerning surface chemistry, the developed methodology allowed the incorporation of N (up to 1.43%) and S (up to 1.3%), distributed by pyridinic (N6), pyrrolic (N5), and quaternary N (NQ) groups, and C–S–, C–S–O, and sulphate functionalities. Catalytic activities of the N, S-doped CNTs were evaluated for the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol in a batch mode. Although the samples revealed a similar catalytic activity for phenol degradation, a higher total organic carbon removal (60%) was observed using the sample thermally treated at 900 °C. The improved catalytic activity of this sample was attributed to the presence of N6, NQ, and thiophenic groups. This sample was further tested in the oxidation of phenol under a continuous mode, at around 30% of conversion being achieved in the steady-state.
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Chassaing FJ, Mahmudov R, Metcalfe CD, Yargeau V. Changes to levels of microcontaminants and biological responses in rainbow trout exposed to extracts from wastewater treated by catalytic ozonation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124110. [PMID: 33049625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two separate pilot-scale studies were performed at two wastewater treatment plants comparing conventional ozonation and catalytic ozonation with an alumina-based catalyst supplied by BASF. The results of the first pilot study showed that catalytic ozonation achieved the same degree of disinfection as conventional ozonation with 30% lower applied ozone dose and enhanced the removal of several contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The second pilot study conducted over 6 months of operation with the same batch of catalyst showed sustained enhanced removal of CECs relative to ozonation alone. The removals of CECs by catalytic ozonation was particularly effective for compounds with low reaction rates with ozone, indicating reactions with hydroxyl radicals formed in the presence of the catalyst. Analysis of plasma vitellogenin and total glutathione in liver tissues of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) injected with wastewater extracts indicated that catalytic ozonation removed the estrogenic activity and modulated oxidative stress caused by exposure to the organic compounds in wastewater extracts. Analysis of other biomarker responses indicated that no transformation products were formed that can cause lipid damage in the liver or affect levels of a brain neurotransmitter (i.e. serotonin). Catalytic ozonation is a promising technology to increase the efficiency of ozone treatment of municipal wastewater and to meet increasingly more stringent regulations for effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris D Metcalfe
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Preparation of Granulated Biomass Carbon Catalysts—Structure Tailoring, Characterization, and Use in Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Bisphenol A. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New carbonized biomass–metakaolin (PSD/MK_Fe) granular composite catalyst materials were manufactured for the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of bisphenol A (BPA). These catalysts were characterized using different analytical and spectroscopic techniques, and results showed that the catalysts’ final properties were influenced by the addition of metakaolin (MK), polyvinyl alcohol, boric acid, and iron. Under the optimal CWAO experimental conditions (p: 20 bar, T: 160 °C, initial pH: 5–6, c[catalyst]: 1.0 g/L), nearly complete BPA conversion (>98%) and total organic carbon (TOC) conversion of 70% were reached. A key factor behind the enhanced catalytic activity was high specific surface area, although catalytic activity was also affected by surface acidity. These results confirmed the high efficiency of the current BPA conversion process involving the use of the easily separable and reusable PSD/MK_Fe catalyst. Therefore, biomass composite catalysts can be regarded as efficient catalysts for the oxidation of BPA during the CWAO process.
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Dispersion behavior of various single metals on carbonaceous coal supports and their reactivity in methanol steam reforming. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rocha RP, Pereira MFR, Figueiredo JL. Metal-free carbon materials as catalysts for wet air oxidation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Das Gupta S, Stewart RL, Chen DT, Abboud KA, Cheng HP, Hill S, Christou G. Long-Range Ferromagnetic Exchange Interactions Mediated by Mn-Ce IV-Mn Superexchange Involving Empty 4f Orbitals. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8716-8726. [PMID: 32573216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions involving reductive aggregation of MnO4- in methanol in the presence of CeIV and an excess of carboxylic acid have led to the synthesis of structurally related Ce/Mn clusters, [Ce3Mn5O8(OMe)(O2CBut)13(MeOH)] (1) and [Ce2Mn3O5(O2CPh)9(MeOH)3] (2), containing at least one {Mn2Ce2O4} cubane unit. The cores of both clusters contain Mnx units separated by three (1) or two (2) CeIV ions. Fits of variable-temperature, solid-state dc and ac magnetic susceptibility data reveal dominant ferromagnetic interactions within 1 and 2, resulting in the maximum S = 17/2 and S = 5 ground state spins, respectively, and thus suggesting significant ferromagnetic (F) interactions between the Mnx units that are ≥6 Å apart and separated by four intervening bonds through diamagnetic CeIV. Fits of magnetic susceptibility data also revealed unusual long-range F interactions, and this finding was further supported by high-field EPR measurements and simulations. Density functional theory calculations and a Wannier function analysis confirm long-range interactions and indicate a Mn-Ce-Mn superexchange pathway via Mn-d/Ce-f orbital overlap/hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Das Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robert L Stewart
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Dian-Teng Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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12
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Mohite R, Garg A. Performance of Supported Copper Catalysts for Oxidative Degradation of Phenolics in Aqueous Medium: Optimization of Reaction Conditions, Kinetics, Catalyst Stability, Characterization, and Reusability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Mohite
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Ding S, Deng Y, Bond T, Fang C, Cao Z, Chu W. Disinfection byproduct formation during drinking water treatment and distribution: A review of unintended effects of engineering agents and materials. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:313-329. [PMID: 31154129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unintended effects of engineering agents and materials on the formation of undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment and distribution were comprehensively reviewed. Specially, coagulants, biologically active filtration biofilms, activated carbons, nanomaterials, ion-exchange resins, membrane materials in drinking water treatment and piping materials, deposits and biofilms within drinking water distribution systems were discussed, which may serve as DBP precursors, transform DBPs into more toxic species, and/or catalyze the formation of DBPs. Speciation and quantity of DBPs generated rely heavily on the material characteristics, solution chemistry conditions, and operating factors. For example, quaternary ammonium polymer coagulants can increase concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) to above the California notification level (10 ng/L). Meanwhile, the application of strong base ion-exchange resins has been associated with the formation of N-nitrosamines and trichloronitromethane up to concentrations of 400 ng/L and 9.0 μg/L, respectively. Organic compounds leaching from membranes and plastic and rubber pipes can generate high NDMA (180-450 ng/L) and chloral hydrate (∼12.4 μg/L) upon downstream disinfection. Activated carbon and membranes preferentially remove organic precursors over bromide, resulting in a higher proportion of brominated DBPs. Copper corrosion products (CCPs) accelerate the decay of disinfectants and increase the formation of halogenated DBPs. Chlorination of high bromide waters containing CCPs can form bromate at concentrations exceeding regulatory limits. Owing to the aforementioned concern for the drinking water quality, the application of these materials and reagents during drinking water treatment and distribution should be based on the removal of pollutants with consideration for balancing DBP formation during disinfection scenarios. Overall, this review highlights situations in which the use of engineering agents and materials in drinking water treatment and distribution needs balance against deleterious impacts on DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhongqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Rajah Z, Guiza M, Solís RR, Rivas FJ, Ouederni A. Catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation with activated carbon as technologies in the removal of aqueous micropollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Kung MC, Ye J, Kung HH. 110th Anniversary: A Perspective on Catalytic Oxidative Processes for Sustainable Water Remediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayfair C. Kung
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junqing Ye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Harold H. Kung
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Li G, Hao H, Zhuang Y, Wang Z, Shi B. Powdered activated carbon enhanced Manganese(II) removal by chlorine oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:287-296. [PMID: 30925375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine is not effective in the oxidative removal of soluble manganese(II) ions at neutral pH. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) also has a very limited capacity for Mn(II) removal through adsorption in drinking water treatment practice. This study explored the combined use of PAC and chlorine for Mn(II) removal and found that PAC dramatically catalyzed Mn(II) oxidation by chlorine under diverse conditions. At a dose as low as 5.0 mg/L, two different commercial PACs increased Mn(II) oxidation rate by two orders of magnitude respectively and reduced Mn(II) concentration from 200 μg/L to < 10 μg/L in tens of minutes. First-order kinetics with respect to aqueous Mn(II) concentration were observed. Typically, homogeneous Mn(II) oxidation by chlorine depends strongly on alkaline pH. In the presence of PAC, however, the reaction was still rather fast at pH 6.0. Increasing PAC doses linearly increased Mn(II) oxidation rate, indicating that the reaction was highly PAC surface active sites dependent. The efficacy of PAC was further corroborated in removing Mn(II) from natural water. SEM-EDS and XPS demonstrated that a MnO2 coating was formed on PAC surface after reaction, which resulted from heterogeneous oxidation of Mn(II) on PAC surface rather than the precipitation of Mn oxides formed through homogeneous oxidation in solution. Adsorption of free Mn(II) ions onto PAC surface was proved to directly correlate with Mn(II) oxidation rate. Two kinds of electron transfer pathways from adsorbed Mn(II) species to chlorine, enhanced by surface-complexation and electrically-conductive carbon surface respectively, were hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haotian Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Metal-Free Catalytic Wet Oxidation: From Powder to Structured Catalyst Using N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moma J, Baloyi J, Ntho T. Synthesis and characterization of an efficient and stable Al/Fe pillared clay catalyst for the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30115-30124. [PMID: 35546811 PMCID: PMC9085399 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method for synthesizing Al/Fe pillared clays (PILCs) from natural bentonite clay, by using ultrasonic treatment during the aging and intercalation steps, has been established. Single metal (Fe-PILCs and Al-PILCs) and mixed metal (Al/Fe-PILCs, with varying compositions of the pillaring precursors) pillared clays were prepared and characterized with a combination of chemical and instrumental methods. The pillared clays were evaluated as catalysts in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol and the mixed metal pillared clay catalysts, especially with an Al/Fe ratio of 3 : 1, were found to be highly active and stable, with superior properties such as surface areas, basal spacing, high porosity and thermal stability. The catalysts could also be reused several times without significant loss of activity. The results of the study show that Al/Fe-pillared clay catalysts are effective catalysts for the oxidation of phenol and removal of TOC in aqueous solutions. The main intermediate products in the CWAO of phenol were hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, and benzoquinone and oxalic, formic, malonic, oxalic, malonic and maleic acids. A facile method for synthesizing Al/Fe pillared clays (PILCs) from natural bentonite clay, by using ultrasonic treatment during the aging and intercalation steps, has been established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- John Moma
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Baloyi
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa .,Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125 South Africa
| | - Thabang Ntho
- Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125 South Africa
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Pleşa Chicinaş R, Gál E, Bedelean H, Darabantu M, Măicăneanu A. Novel metal modified diatomite, zeolite and carbon xerogel catalysts for mild conditions wet air oxidation of phenol: Characterization, efficiency and reaction pathway. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Anthonysamy SBI, Afandi SB, Khavarian M, Mohamed ARB. A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:740-761. [PMID: 29600136 PMCID: PMC5852466 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Various types of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for nitric oxide (NO) removal through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia are examined in this review. A number of carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), and graphene (GR) and non-carbon-based materials, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5), TiO2, and Al2O3 supported materials, were identified as the most up-to-date and recently used catalysts for the removal of NO gas. The main focus of this review is the study of catalyst preparation methods, as this is highly correlated to the behaviour of NO removal. The general mechanisms involved in the system, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Riedeal mechanism, are also discussed. Characterisation analysis affecting the surface and chemical structure of the catalyst is also detailed in this work. Finally, a few major conclusions are drawn and future directions for work on the advancement of the SCR-NH3 catalyst are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syahidah Binti Afandi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mehrnoush Khavarian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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21
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Wang J, Dong S, Yu C, Han X, Guo J, Sun J. An efficient MoO3 catalyst for in-practical degradation of dye wastewater under room conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Yang G, Chen H, Qin H, Zhang X, Feng Y. Effect of nitrogen doping on the catalytic activity of activated carbon and distribution of oxidation products in catalytic wet oxidation of phenol. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University of Science and Engineering; Zigong 643000 P. R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Hangdao Qin
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering; Tongren University; Tongren 554300 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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Bocos E, Oturan N, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ, Oturan MA. Elimination of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid by photo-Fenton process and enhanced treatment by coupling with electro-Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19134-19144. [PMID: 27349786 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid (DIA) from water was performed using photo-Fenton (PF) process. First, the effect of H2O2 dosage on mineralization efficiency was determined using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The system reached a maximum mineralization degree of 60 % total organic carbon (TOC) removal at 4 h with 20 mM initial H2O2 concentration while further concentration values led to a decrease in TOC abatement efficiency. Then, the effect of different concentrations of Fenton's reagents was studied for homogeneous Fenton process. Obtained results revealed that 0.25 mM Fe(3+) and 20 mM H2O2 were the best conditions, achieving 80 % TOC removal efficiency at 4 h treatment. Furthermore, heterogeneous PF treatment was developed using iron-activated carbon as catalyst. It was demonstrated that this catalyst is a promising option, reaching 67 % of TOC removal within 4 h treatment without formation of iron leachate in the medium. In addition, two strategies of enhancement for process efficiency are proposed: coupling of PF with electro-Fenton (EF) process in two ways: photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) or PF followed by EF (PF-EF) treatments, achieving in both cases the complete mineralization of DIA solution within only 2 h. Finally, the Microtox tests revealed the formation of more toxic compounds than the initial DIA during PF process, while, it was possible to reach total mineralization by both proposed alternatives (PEF or PF-EF) and thus to remove the toxicity of DIA solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bocos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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24
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Fathy NA, Shouman MA, Aboelenin RMM. Nitrogen and phosphorous-doped porous carbon xerogels as metal-free catalysts for environmental catalytic peroxide oxidation of 4-nitrophenol. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nady A. Fathy
- Physical Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Mona A. Shouman
- Physical Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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25
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Study on Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation Process for Phenol Degradation in Synthetic Wastewater Using Trickle Bed Reactor. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Srivastava AK, Mondal K, Mukhopadhyay K, Prasad NE, Sharma A. Facile reduction of para-nitrophenols: catalytic efficiency of silver nanoferns in batch and continuous flow reactors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic application of Ag-nanoferns grown over carbon microfibers by electrodeposition and compatible reactor design for batch and continuous flow operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- USA
| | | | - N. Eswara Prasad
- Defence Materials and Stores R & D Establishment (DRDO)
- Kanpur 208013
- India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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Kawi S, Kathiraser Y, Ni J, Oemar U, Li Z, Saw ET. Progress in Synthesis of Highly Active and Stable Nickel-Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3556-75. [PMID: 26440576 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, rising anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2 and CH4 ) have increased alarm due to escalating effects of global warming. The dry carbon dioxide reforming of methane (DRM) reaction is a sustainable way to utilize these notorious greenhouse gases. This paper presents a review of recent progress in the development of nickel-based catalysts for the DRM reaction. The enviable low cost and wide availability of nickel compared with noble metals is the main reason for persistent research efforts in optimizing the synthesis of nickel-based catalysts. Important catalyst features for the rational design of a coke-resistant nickel-based nanocatalyst for the DRM reaction are also discussed. In addition, several innovative developments based on salient features for the stabilization of nickel nanocatalysts through various means (which include functionalization with precursors, synthesis by plasma treatment, stabilization/confinement on mesoporous/microporous/carbon supports, and the formation of metal oxides) are highlighted. The final part of this review covers major issues and proposed improvement strategies pertaining to the rational design of nickel-based catalysts with high activity and stability for the DRM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibudjing Kawi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yasotha Kathiraser
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jun Ni
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Usman Oemar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ziwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, 1 Caiguan Road, Yunyan District, 550003, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Eng Toon Saw
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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29
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Yu Y, Wei H, Yu L, Wang W, Zhao Y, Gu B, Sun C. Sewage-sludge-derived carbonaceous materials for catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation of m-cresol in batch and continuous reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:153-162. [PMID: 26109374 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1065006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four sewage-sludge-derived carbonaceous materials (SWs) were evaluated for their catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation (CWPO) performance of m-cresol in batch reactor and continuous reactor, respectively. The SWs were produced by carbonization (SW); carbonization with the addition of CaO (CaO-SW); HNO3 pretreatment (HNO3-SW) and steam activation (Activated-SW). The properties of SW catalysts were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and zeta potential. The results showed that SW treated by HNO3 (HNO3-SW) had a high conversion of m-cresol in batch reactor and continuous reactor, respectively. Under the conditions of batch reaction (Cm-cresol = 100 mg L(-1), CH2O2 = 15.7 mmol L(-1), initial pH=7.0, 0.5 g L(-1) catalyst, 80°C, 180 min adsorption and 210 min oxidation), the conversion of m-cresol reached 100% and total organic carbon removal was 67.1%. It had a high catalytic activity and stability on the treatment of m-cresol in CWPO for more than 1100 h. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism for the oxidation of m-cresol to 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone by CWPO was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huangzhao Wei
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gu
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- a Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Bertanza G, Galessi R, Menoni L, Salvetti R, Slavik E, Zanaboni S. Wet oxidation of sewage sludge: full-scale experience and process modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7306-7316. [PMID: 24916064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, sewage sludge management represents one of the most important issues in wastewater treatment. Within the European project "ROUTES," wet oxidation (WO) was proposed for sludge minimization. Four different types of sludge were treated in an industrial WO plant: (1) municipal primary sludge (chemical oxygen demand COD: 73.0 g/L; volatile suspended solid VSS: 44.1 g/L); (2) secondary sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) without primary sedimentation (COD: 71.8 g/L; VSS: 34.2 g/L); (3) secondary sludge from a mixed municipal and industrial WWTP without primary sedimentation (COD: 61.9 g/L; VSS: 38.7 g/L); and (4) mixed primary (70%) and secondary (30%) municipal sludge (COD: 81.2 g/L; VSS: 40.6 g/L). The effect of process parameters (temperature, reaction time, oxygen dosage) on WO performance was investigated. Depending on operating conditions, VSS and COD removal efficiency varied in the range 80-97% and 43-71%, respectively. A correlation between process efficiency and the initial VSS/TSS (total suspended solids) ratio was highlighted. Furthermore, a mathematical model of WO process for simulating VSS and COD profiles was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123, Brescia, Italy,
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31
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Bertanza G, Canato M, Heimersson S, Laera G, Salvetti R, Slavik E, Svanström M. Techno-economic and environmental assessment of sewage sludge wet oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7327-7338. [PMID: 25091166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Today, several technologies and management strategies are proposed and applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to minimise sludge production and contamination. In order to avoid a shifting of burdens between different areas, their techno-economic and environmental performance has to be carefully evaluated. Wet oxidation (WO) is an alternative solution to incineration for recovering energy in sewage sludge while converting it to mostly inorganic residues. This paper deals with an experimentation carried out within the EU project "ROUTES". A mass balance was made for a WWTP (500,000 person equivalents) in which a WO stage for sludge minimisation was considered to be installed. Both bench- and full-scale test results were used. Design of treatment units and estimation of capital and operational costs were then performed. Subsequently, technical and economic aspects were evaluated by means of a detailed methodology which was developed within the ROUTES project. Finally, an assessment of environmental impacts from a life cycle perspective was performed. The integrated assessment showed that for the specific upgrade considered in this study, WO technology, although requiring a certain increase of technical complexity at the WWTP, may contribute to environmental and economic advantages. The paper provides guidance in terms of which aspects need a more thorough evaluation in relation to the specific case in which an upgrade with WO is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123, Brescia, Italy,
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32
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Rocha R, Restivo J, Sousa J, Órfão J, Pereira M, Figueiredo J. Nitrogen-doped carbon xerogels as catalysts for advanced oxidation processes. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Messele S, Soares O, Órfão J, Bengoa C, Stüber F, Fortuny A, Fabregat A, Font J. Effect of activated carbon surface chemistry on the activity of ZVI/AC catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of phenol. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Ribeiro AR, Nunes OC, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. An overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:33-51. [PMID: 25461413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a recognized issue of major concern since a wide range of contaminants has been found in aquatic environment at ngL(-1) to μgL(-1) levels. In the year 2000, a strategy was defined to identify the priority substances concerning aquatic ecosystems, followed by the definition of environmental quality standards (EQS) in 2008. Recently it was launched the Directive 2013/39/EU that updates the water framework policy highlighting the need to develop new water treatment technologies to deal with such problem. This review summarizes the data published in the last decade regarding the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to treat priority compounds and certain other pollutants defined in this Directive, excluding the inorganic species (cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and their derivatives). The Directive 2013/39/EU includes several pesticides (aldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dicofol, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, isodrin, heptachlor, lindane, pentachlorophenol, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos, atrazine, simazine, terbutryn, diuron, isoproturon, trifluralin, cypermethrin, alachlor), solvents (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its derivatives (PFOS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenol and octylphenol, as well as the three compounds included in the recommendation for the first watch list of substances (diclofenac, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2)). Some particular pesticides (aclonifen, bifenox, cybutryne, quinoxyfen), organotin compounds (tributyltin), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, brominated diphenylethers, hexabromocyclododecanes and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are also defined in this Directive, but studies dealing with AOPs are missing. AOPs are recognized tools to destroy recalcitrant compounds or, at least, to transform them into biodegradable species. Diuron (a phenylurea herbicide) and atrazine (from the triazine chemical class) are the most studied pesticides from Directive 2013/39/EU. Fenton-based processes are the most frequently applied to treat priority compounds in water and their efficiency typically increases with the operating temperature as well as under UV or solar light. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is the second most used treatment to destroy pollutants defined in the Directive. Ozone alone promotes the partial oxidation of pollutants, and an increase in the effluent biodegradability, but complete mineralization of pollutants is difficult. To overcome this drawback, ozonation has been combined with heterogeneous catalysts, addition of H2O2, other AOPs (such as photocatalysis) or membrane technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Ribeiro
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel F R Pereira
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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35
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Kilpimaa S, Runtti H, Kangas T, Lassi U, Kuokkanen T. Removal of phosphate and nitrate over a modified carbon residue from biomass gasification. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Yang S, Cui Y, Sun Y, Yang H. Graphene oxide as an effective catalyst for wet air oxidation of phenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:55-62. [PMID: 25127389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) and chemically reduced graphene oxides, used as catalysts in absence of any metals, were investigated in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol in a batch reactor. The characterization of the materials was measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The carbon materials exhibited good phenol and total organic compounds (TOC) removals in the CWAO of phenol. The GO had the highest catalytic activity, total phenol removal was achieved after 40 min, and ca. 84% TOC removal was obtained after 120 min at reaction temperature of 155°C, total pressure of 2.5 MPa and catalyst loading of 0.2 gL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuhong Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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37
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Wang J, Fu W, He X, Yang S, Zhu W. Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol with functionalized carbon materials as catalysts: reaction mechanism and pathway. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1741-1749. [PMID: 25108731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly active carbon material catalysts in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) has attracted a great deal of attention. In this study different carbon material catalysts (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and graphite) were developed to enhance the CWAO of phenol in aqueous solution. The functionalized carbon materials exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the CWAO of phenol. After 60 min reaction, the removal of phenol was nearly 100% over the functionalized multi-walled carbon, while it was only 14% over the purified multi-walled carbon under the same reaction conditions. Carboxylic acid groups introduced on the surface of the functionalized carbon materials play an important role in the catalytic activity in CWAO. They can promote the production of free radicals, which act as strong oxidants in CWAO. Based on the analysis of the intermediates produced in the CWAO reactions, a new reaction pathway for the CWAO of phenol was proposed in this study. There are some differences between the proposed reaction pathway and that reported in the literature. First, maleic acid is transformed directly into malonic acid. Second, acetic acid is oxidized into an unknown intermediate, which is then oxidized into CO2 and H2O. Finally, formic acid and oxalic acid can mutually interconvert when conditions are favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail: .
| | - Wantao Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail:
| | - Xuwen He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail:
| | - Shaoxia Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanpeng Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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38
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Carbon mediated catalysis: A review on oxidative dehydrogenation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Silica nanoparticles immobilized benzoylthiourea ferrous complex as an efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Taran OP, Descorme C, Polyanskaya EM, Ayusheev AB, Besson M, Parmon VN. Sibunit-based catalytic materials for the deep oxidation of organic ecotoxicants in aqueous solutions. III: Wet air oxidation of phenol over oxidized carbon and Rr/C catalysts. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050413020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Saputra E, Muhammad S, Sun H, Wang S. Activated carbons as green and effective catalysts for generation of reactive radicals in degradation of aqueous phenol. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yang S, Wang X, Yang H, Sun Y, Liu Y. Influence of the different oxidation treatment on the performance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 233-234:18-24. [PMID: 22819477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized by different oxidants (HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4), H(2)O(2), O(3) and air) have been used as catalysts for the wet air oxidation of phenol. To investigate the effect of the oxidation conditions on the structure of the functionalized MWCNTs, various characterization techniques, e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used. The MWCNTs treated with O(3) and H(2)O(2) show higher amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups and carboxylic acid groups, and a weaker acidic nature, in comparison with those treated with other oxidizing agents. All the functionalized MWCNTs exhibit good activity in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol. However, the MWCNTs treated with O(3) show the highest activity with desirable stability in comparison with other functionalized MWCNTs, indicating that the functionalization of carbon nanotubes with O(3) is a very promising strategy in synthesizing efficient catalysts for CWAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Mezohegyi G, van der Zee FP, Font J, Fortuny A, Fabregat A. Towards advanced aqueous dye removal processes: a short review on the versatile role of activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 102:148-64. [PMID: 22459012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, several physico-chemical and biological techniques have been developed to remove colour from textile wastewaters. Some of these techniques rely on and many will profit from activated carbon (AC). The role of AC is versatile: (1) it acts as a dye adsorbent, not only in straightforward adsorption processes but also in AC-enhanced coagulation and membrane filtration processes; (2) it generates strong oxidising agents (mostly, hydroxyl (OH) radicals) in electrochemical dye oxidation; (3) it catalyses OH production in advanced oxidation processes; (4) it catalyses anaerobic (azo) dye reduction and supports biofilm growth in microbial dye removal. This paper reviews the role of AC in dye decolourisation, evaluates the feasibility of each AC-amended decolourisation technique and discusses perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Mezohegyi
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Yang X, Yu H, Peng F, Wang H. Confined iron nanowires enhance the catalytic activity of carbon nanotubes in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1213-1217. [PMID: 22488987 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inside job: New applications of carbon materials pave the way towards greener chemical syntheses. The encapsulation of metallic Fe within CNTs improves electron transfer between the metal and the CNTs. The resulting material offers a high catalytic activity and easy magnetic separation of catalyst in the heterogeneous selective oxidation of cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China
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Quesada-Peñate I, Julcour-Lebigue C, Jáuregui-Haza UJ, Wilhelm AM, Delmas H. Degradation of paracetamol by catalytic wet air oxidation and sequential adsorption - Catalytic wet air oxidation on activated carbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 221-222:131-138. [PMID: 22551635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The concern about the fate of pharmaceutical products has raised owing to the increasing contamination of rivers, lakes and groundwater. The aim of this paper is to evaluate two different processes for paracetamol removal. The catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of paracetamol on activated carbon was investigated both as a water treatment technique using an autoclave reactor and as a regenerative treatment of the carbon after adsorption in a sequential fixed bed process. Three activated carbons (ACs) from different source materials were used as catalysts: two microporous basic ACs (S23 and C1) and a meso- and micro-porous acidic one (L27). During the first CWAO experiment the adsorption capacity and catalytic performance of fresh S23 and C1 were higher than those of fresh L27 despite its higher surface area. This situation changed after AC reuse, as finally L27 gave the best results after five CWAO cycles. Respirometry tests with activated sludge revealed that in the studied conditions the use of CWAO enhanced the aerobic biodegradability of the effluent. In the ADOX process L27 also showed better oxidation performances and regeneration efficiency. This different ageing was examined through AC physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Quesada-Peñate
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4, Allée Emile Monso, F-31432 Toulouse, France
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Padhye LP, Hertzberg B, Yushin G, Huang CH. N-nitrosamines formation from secondary amines by nitrogen fixation on the surface of activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:8368-8376. [PMID: 21863897 DOI: 10.1021/es201696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that many commercial activated carbon (AC) particles may catalyze transformation of secondary amines to yield trace levels of N-nitrosamines under ambient aerobic conditions. Because of the widespread usage of AC materials in numerous analytical and environmental applications, it is imperative to understand the reaction mechanism responsible for formation of nitrosamine on the surface of ACs to minimize their occurrence in water treatment systems and during analytical methods employing ACs. The study results show that the AC-catalyzed nitrosamine formation requires both atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. AC's surface reactive sites react with molecular oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), which facilitate fixation of molecular nitrogen on the carbon surfaces to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) likely nitrous oxide and hydroxylamine that can react with adsorbed amines to form nitrosamines. AC's properties play a crucial role as more nitrosamine formation is associated with carbon surfaces with higher surface area, more surface defects, reduced surface properties, higher O(2) uptake capacity, and higher carbonyl group content. This study is a first of its kind on the nitrosamine formation mechanism involving nitrogen fixation on AC surfaces, and the information will be useful for minimization of nitrosamines in AC-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh P Padhye
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Milone C, Shahul Hameed AR, Piperopoulos E, Santangelo S, Lanza M, Galvagno S. Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of p-Coumaric Acid over Carbon Nanotubes and Activated Carbon. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candida Milone
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Materials Engineering Section, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Abdul Rahim Shahul Hameed
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Materials Engineering Section, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elpida Piperopoulos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Materials Engineering Section, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Saveria Santangelo
- Department of Mechanics and Materials, Engineering Faculty, “Mediterranea” University, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lanza
- CNR, Institute for Chemical Physical Processes, Messina Section, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 37 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Signorino Galvagno
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Materials Engineering Section, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio 98166 Messina, Italy
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Kim KH, Ihm SK. Heterogeneous catalytic wet air oxidation of refractory organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:16-34. [PMID: 21122984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most economical and environmental-friendly advanced oxidation process. It makes a promising technology for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters. Various heterogeneous catalysts including noble metals and metal oxides have been extensively studied to enhance the efficiency of CWAO. The present review is concerned about the literatures published in this regard. Phenolics, carboxylic acids, and nitrogen-containing compounds were taken as model pollutants in most cases, and noble metals such as Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt as well as oxides of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ce were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. Reports on their characterization and catalytic performances for the CWAO of aqueous pollutants are reviewed. Discussions are also made on the reaction mechanisms and kinetics proposed for heterogeneous CWAO and also on the typical catalyst deactivations in heterogeneous CWAO, i.e. carbonaceous deposits and metal leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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