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Valldeperes M, Yerro PP, López-Olvera JR, Fandos P, Lavín S, Escofet RCS, Mentaberre G, León FJCM, Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, Pérez JM, Tampach S, Estruch J, Velarde R, Granados JE. Diseases of Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:63. [PMID: 37274486 PMCID: PMC10233571 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto Yerro
- Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, C/ Martínez Falero 11, 23470 Cazorla Jaén, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Ctra., Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18191 Granada, Spain
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Fesseha H, Etana E, Mathewos M. Mange Mites of Goats in Malle District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2021; 12:159-168. [PMID: 34136372 PMCID: PMC8200143 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s312360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Mange mites are economically damaging goat ectoparasites that cause skin rejection or downgrading in Ethiopian tanneries and leather industries. Methods A study was done on 384 randomly selected goats to identify the proportion of mites and potential associated factors in the Malle district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia using a cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire investigation was also performed to evaluate the knowledge and preventative measures taken by goat owners during mange mites infection. A skin scraping was employed to collect mange mites for identification. Results Out of 384 examined goats, 34.6% (133/384) of goats were infected with a variety of mange mite species. Demodex (2.86%), Psoroptes (8.1%), and Sarcoptes (23.7%) were the three mange mite genera identified in three sites of Malle district. Goats with poor body condition score (BCS) were the most infected (43.6%) with mange mites compared with moderate (39.1%) and good body condition (17.3%) goats. Adult goats (37.6%) were more infested than young (32.3%) and old (30.1%), whereas there was a higher infestation in males (60.2%) than females (39.8%). However, age, sex, and BCS of the goats had no significant (p > 0.05) correlation with the occurrence of mange mites. Skin lesion due to mange mites infection was most frequently observed on the head region (26.3%), followed by legs (24.8%) and thoracic region (22.6%). The questionnaire survey indicated that 86.27% of the participants preferred to use modern acaricides to control mange mites, while 97.4% of participants have been involved in government-sponsored deworming programs. Conclusion Mange mites especially Sarcoptes species were major skin problems in goats in the study, so the owners should be advised to improve their management and use mite control in goats regularly in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Fesseha
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Esmael Etana
- Malle District Veterinary Clinic, Malle, South Omo, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Mathewos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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de La Canal LH, Dall'Agnol B, Webster A, Reck J, Martins JR, Klafke GM. Mechanisms of amitraz resistance in a Rhipicephalus microplus strain from southern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101764. [PMID: 34139543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amitraz is one of the most used acaricides for the control of ticks of domestic animals, however, extensive use of this active ingredient has favored the development of resistant populations of Rhipicephalus microplus worldwide. The possible mechanisms of metabolic and/or target-site alterations mechanisms of amitraz resistance were investigated in a Brazilian field population of R. microplus (São Gabriel strain). Bioassays with the synergists piperonylbutoxide, triphenylphosphate and diethyl-maleate were used to evaluate the metabolic mechanisms involved. Target-site insensitivity was investigated by amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the octopamine/tyramine (OCT/TYR) receptor gene. Piperonylbutoxide synergism (synergism ratio = 2.8) indicated the participation of the P450 pathway in the detoxification of amitraz. Previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms that confer amino acid changes in the OCT/TYR receptor, threonine to proline (T8P) and leucine to serine (L22S), were found in the amitraz-resistant strain but not in the susceptible reference strain. The results suggest that amitraz resistance in the studied strain is multi-factorial and may result from cytochrome P450 detoxification and mutations in octopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique de La Canal
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dall'Agnol
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Anelise Webster
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Martins
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Klafke
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento (SEAPDR), Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS., 92990-000, Brazil.
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Leul B, Berihun A, Etsay K. Epidemiological Distribution of Major Ectoparasites Species of Small Ruminant in the Case of Chemical Control Campaign in Welkait District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:4175842. [PMID: 32256613 PMCID: PMC7102485 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4175842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify the major ectoparasites species and potential risk factors in Welkait district western part of Tigray region. A total of 102 sheep and 324 goats were physically examined and samples were taken for laboratory analysis. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi with a prevalence of 58 (56.86%), Amblyomma gemma 12 (11.76%), Amblyomma variegatum 27 (26.47%), Boophilus decoloratus 7 (6.86%), and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum 1 (0.98%) in sheep and R. evertsi evertsi 108 (33.02%), A. gemma 8 (2.47%), A. variegatum 158 (48.77%), and R. B. decoloratus 19 (5.86%) in goats were the most important tick species identified. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was obtained in the prevalence of A. gemma (x 2 = 14.981; p=0.001) and A. variegatum (x 2 = 15.696; p=0.001) between sheep and goats and R. B. decloratus (x 2 = 8.137; p=0.017), A. variegatum (x 2 = 90.159; p=0.00p=0.00), and A. gamma (x 2 = 18.642; p=0.00) in goats and A. variegatum (x 2 = 71.081; p=0.00) and R. B. decloratus (x 2 = 28.980; p=0.001) in sheep by agroecology. R. evertsi evertsi (x 2 = 13.400; p=0.001) and A. variegatum (x 2 = 13.511; p=0.001) in goats and R. B. decoloratus (x 2 = 71.892; p=0.001) and A. gemma (x 2 = 6.414; p = 0.040) in sheep were found to have statistically significant association (p < 0.05) in the prevalence among different body condition categories in the present study. R. evertsi evertsi (x 2 = 6.557; p=0.010) and R. B. decoloratus (x 2 = 4.856; p=0.028) in goats and R. evertsi evertsi (x 2 = 5.776; p=0.016) in sheep by sex group and R. evertsi evertsi (x 2 = 40.556; p=0.001) and A. variegatum (x 2 = 7.214; p=0.007) in goats by age group were also statistically associated (p < 0.05). Infestation rate of R. evertsi evertsi (x 2 = 7.136; p=0.008), R. B. decoloratus (x 2 = 9.621; p=0.002), and A. variegatum (x 2 = 10.372; p=0.001) in goats between flock type had statistically significant association (p < 0.05) in this study. The current result revealed that Linognathus stenopsis was the second highest prevalent ectoparasite with an overall prevalence of 0.00% in sheep and 25.93% in goats. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of L. stenopsis (x 2 = 32.940; p=0.001) between the two species and in body condition category (x 2 = 10.700; p=0.005) in goats in the present study. Moreover, Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis were the flea species found in the present report. Significant variation (p < 0.05) in C. canis prevalence among different agroecology (x 2 = 10.264; p=0.006) in goats and between adult and young age (x 2 = 5.052; p=0.025) in sheep and (x 2 = 21.267; p=0.001) in goats was obtained in the present study. Sarcoptes scapie var. caprea with a prevalence of 0 (0.00%) in sheep and 4 (1.23%) in goats had no significant association (p > 0.05) in all the risk factors considered. The present result indicated that ectoparasites especially tick species were more prevalent in small ruminants and may affect the wellbeing and productivity of goats and sheep in the study district. Therefore, well-coordinated and urgent control intervention should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe Leul
- Livestock Research Core Process, Humera Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Humera, Ethiopia
| | - Afera Berihun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Etsay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Romero C, Heredia R, Pineda J, Serrano JA, Mendoza GD, Trápala P, Cordero AM. Efficacy of fluralaner in 17 dogs with sarcoptic mange. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:353-e88. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Romero
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango Km 2.5 Amecameca de Juárez CP 56900 Estado de México México
| | - Rafael Heredia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México kilometro 14.5 carretera Toluca‐Atlacomulco desviación a Tlachalo El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas Toluca 50200 Estado de México México
| | - Jocelyn Pineda
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango Km 2.5 Amecameca de Juárez CP 56900 Estado de México México
| | - Jonathan A. Serrano
- Licenciatura de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango Km 2.5 Amecameca de Juárez 56900 Estado de México México
| | - Germán D. Mendoza
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Calzada del Hueso 1100 Coyoacan 04960 Mexico DF México
| | - Porfirio Trápala
- Clinica Veterinaria Alhaurin Río Panuco No. 2424 Colonia México Monterrey 64740 NL México
| | - Alberto M. Cordero
- Veterinaria Dermatología Veterinaria Especializada Argentina No. 690 colonia moderna Guadalajara 44190 Jalisco México
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Taenzler J, Liebenberg J, Roepke RKA, Frénais R, Heckeroth AR. Efficacy of fluralaner administered either orally or topically for the treatment of naturally acquired Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis infestation in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:392. [PMID: 27387742 PMCID: PMC4937584 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of fluralaner, formulated as a chewable tablet (Bravecto™) or topical solution (Bravecto™ Spot-on Solution), was evaluated against naturally acquired Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis infestation in dogs. Methods The study was performed in privately-owned dogs naturally infested with S. scabiei var. canis. All dogs living in the same household as the infested dog were enrolled into one of 3 groups (2 fluralaner treated and 1 negative control). All dogs within one household were administered the same treatment, with one dog per household included in further observations and assessments. In total, 29 dogs confirmed positive for sarcoptic mange were included. On Day 0, all dogs in group 1 (n = 9) were treated once orally with fluralaner at a minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight; all dogs in group 2 (n = 11) were treated once topically with fluralaner at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight; and dogs in group 3 (n = 9) were treated once topically with saline solution. Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis mites on each dog were counted before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment in deep skin scrapings (~4 cm2) from 5 different body areas. Clinical signs of infestation (i.e. erythematous papules; casts, scales and crusts; body areas with hair loss) and pruritus were recorded at the same time points. Results Single oral or topical treatment with fluralaner resulted in a 100 % reduction in mite counts post-treatment (group 1: P = 0.0009 and group 2: P = 0.0011). Resolution of clinical signs at four weeks post-treatment was variable, with improvement observed for erythematous papules, casts and crusts, and pruritus. All fluralaner treated dogs showed an improvement in overall hair re-growth compared with pre-treatment observations. Conclusion Fluralaner administered either orally or topically to naturally infested dogs eliminates Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis mites and improves clinical signs over a 4-week observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Taenzler
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, 55270, Germany.
| | - Julian Liebenberg
- ClinVet International, Uitsigweg, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein, 9338, Free State, South Africa
| | - Rainer K A Roepke
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, 55270, Germany
| | - Régis Frénais
- MSD Animal Health Innovation SAS, Beaucouzé Cedex, 49071, France
| | - Anja R Heckeroth
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, 55270, Germany
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Yasine A, Kumsa B, Hailu Y, Ayana D. Mites of sheep and goats in Oromia Zone of Amhara Region, North Eastern Ethiopia: species, prevalence and farmers awareness. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:122. [PMID: 26001386 PMCID: PMC4443516 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mites are one of the most common and widely distributed ectoparasites of small ruminants in Ethiopia, contributing to major hindrances in livestock productivity in the country. Despite of this fact, specific study was not conducted on mites of small ruminants in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was performed from October 2009 to May 2010 to determine the prevalence and species composition of mites in three agroecological zones in north eastern Ethiopia. In addition, a questionnaire survey on mites was conducted to assess the control practices and awareness of farmers in the study areas. Results Out of a total of 1280 sheep and 1264 goats examined, 97(7.6 %) of sheep and 174(13.8 %) goats were infested with one or more species of mites. In goats an overall prevalence of 10.3 % Sarcoptes, 2.8 % Demodex and 0.6 % Psoroptes were recorded whereas in sheep an overall prevalence of 3.5 % Sarcoptes, 2.1 % Demodex and 1.6 % Psoroptes were observed. Sarcoptes (P = 0.03; OR = 2.1) and Demodex (OR = 3.25; p = 0.004) were significantly more common in young than in adult sheep. Demodectic mange was significantly higher in young (4.1 %) compared to adult (2.3 %) goats (OR = 2.2; P = 0.02). Significantly higher (P < 0.01) overall prevalence of sarcoptic and demodectic mites in both sheep and goats with poor than with good body condition was recorded. Results of the questionnaire survey supported results of our cross-sectional study. Conclusions This study demonstrates high prevalence of mange mites in sheep and goats of the study area. The study revealed that Sarcoptes is the predominant mite in both sheep and goats. Animal owners and veterinarians should consider mite control in small ruminants as part of the routine ectoparasite control in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yasine
- Wollo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Parasitology Team, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Bersissa Kumsa
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. .,Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, 13005, France.
| | - Yacob Hailu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Dinka Ayana
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
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Prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei infection in pet dogs in southern China. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:718590. [PMID: 24741355 PMCID: PMC3972830 DOI: 10.1155/2014/718590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei infection in pet dogs in China. In the present study, the prevalence of S. scabiei infection in pet dogs in Guangzhou, southern China, was investigated between January and December, 2009. A total of 3,977 pet dogs admitted to animal hospitals were examined for the presence of S. scabiei using a parasitological approach. The average prevalence of S. scabiei infection in pet dogs is 1.18% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–1.52%). The prevalence of S. scabiei was higher in winter (1.42%; 95% CI: 0.29–2.55%), summer (1.39%; 95% CI: 0.83–1.96%), and autumn (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.53–1.68%) than in spring (0.63%; 95% CI: 0.02–1.25%). Furthermore, the prevalence of S. scabiei was the highest in Pekingese (21.88%; 95% CI: 7.55–36.2%), followed by Papillon (5.26%; 95% CI: 0–11.06%) and Bichon Frise (3.19%; 95% CI: 0–6.75%). The results of the present investigation indicate that S. scabiei infection is prevalent in pet dogs in Guangzhou, China, which provides relevant “baseline” data for conducting control strategies and measures against scabies in this region and elsewhere in China. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of S. scabiei prevalence in pet dogs in China.
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Kumsa B, Beyecha K, Geloye M. Ectoparasites of sheep in three agro-ecological zones in central Oromia, Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 79:E1-7. [PMID: 23327319 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for ectoparasites infestation in sheep in three agro-ecological zones in central Oromia, Ethiopia, from October 2009 to April 2010. The study revealed that 637 (48.1%) of the 1325 sheep examined were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified were Bovicola ovis (27.2%), Melophagus ovinus (16.4%), Ctenocephalides sp. (2.3%), Linognathus africanus (1.2%), Linognathus ovillus (0.3%), Sarcoptes sp. (1.2%), Amblyomma variegatum (4.4%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (1.9%), Rhipicephalus pravus (1.9%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (1.1%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.9%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (1.1%) and Hyalomma truncatum (1.6%). Statistically significant difference was observed in prevalence of B. ovis amongst study agroecological zones: highland 36.6%, midland 20.9% and lowland 14.0%. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in highland agroecological zone. A significantly (OR = 0.041, p < 0.001) higher prevalence of M. ovinus in the highland (31.7%) than in both the lowland (0%) and midland (1.9%) was observed. The risk of tick infestation in the lowland and midland was 9.883 times and 13.988 times higher than the risk in the highland, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of Ctenocephalides species was encountered in both the lowland (OR = 4.738, p = 0.011) and midland (OR = 8.078, p = 0.000) than in the highland agro-ecological zone. However, a significant difference (p = 0.191) amongst agro-ecological zones was not found for the prevalence of Linognathus and Sarcoptes species. Statistically significant variation (p > 0.05) was never recorded in the prevalence of all the identified species of ectoparasites between male and female sheep hosts. However, a significantly (p = 0.006) higher prevalence of B. ovis was recorded between young and adult sheep. The risk of B. ovis infestation was 1.45 times higher in young than the adult sheep. Furthermore, a significantly (p < 0.001) higher prevalence of M. ovinus, B. ovis and Sarcoptes sp. was found between sheep with poor and a good body condition. The ever increasing threat of ectoparasites on overall sheep productivity and tanning industry in Ethiopia warrants urgent control intervention. Further studies on the role of ectoparasites in transmission of diseases to sheep, zoonotic importance, comparative prevalence and load, and the importance of sheep as alternative hosts in different agroecological zones, breeds and management systems in Ethiopia are recommended so as to design applicable control programme in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bersissa Kumsa
- Department of Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, University of the Mediterranean, France.
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Rodríguez-Cadenas F, Carbajal-González MT, Fregeneda-Grandes JM, Aller-Gancedo JM, Rojo-Vázquez FA. Cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey of sarcoptic mange in sheep of Western Castile and Leon, Spain. Prev Vet Med 2010; 96:226-31. [PMID: 20691485 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei-infection of ovine livestock in three provinces (Leon, Zamora and Salamanca) in the Western part of the Castile and Leon region in Spain, and to determine the association between different variables and seropositivity. A total of 3730 sheep sera from 373 flocks (10 sera from each flock) collected from May to September over the course of the years 2006 and 2007 were individually analysed by an indirect antibody ELISA validated for diagnosing sarcoptic mange in sheep. The overall flock-level true prevalence was 22.6% (95% CI: 17.8-27.4), the overall individual-level true prevalence within the total flocks was 7.2% (95% CI: 6.1-8.3) and the overall individual-level true prevalence within the seropositive flocks was 31.3% (95% CI: 27.2-35.4). The apparent prevalences, at flock-level and at individual-level within the total flocks and within the seropositive flocks, were not statistically different (p > 0.05) when the primary production objective of the flock is milk vs. meat, or in smaller (< or = 276 sheep, 50th percentile) vs. larger flocks (> 276 sheep). The apparent prevalences, at flock-level and at individual-level within the seropositive flocks, were, likewise, not statistically different between the three provinces, but the individual-level apparent prevalence within the total flocks showed significant variation from one province to another (p < or = 0.05). Sheep maintained in the Provinces of Zamora and Salamanca had greater odds (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.6; OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8, respectively) of being seropositive than those located in Leon Province (OR = 1.0). The findings of the present study clearly show the need to implement in this region effective control measures against sarcoptic mange in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, E-24071 León, Spain
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Rodríguez-Cadenas F, Carbajal-González M, Fregeneda-Grandes J, Aller-Gancedo J, Huntley J, Rojo-Vázquez F. Development and evaluation of an antibody ELISA for sarcoptic mange in sheep and a comparison with the skin-scraping method. Prev Vet Med 2010; 96:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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