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Valldeperes M, Yerro PP, López-Olvera JR, Fandos P, Lavín S, Escofet RCS, Mentaberre G, León FJCM, Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, Pérez JM, Tampach S, Estruch J, Velarde R, Granados JE. Diseases of Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:63. [PMID: 37274486 PMCID: PMC10233571 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto Yerro
- Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, C/ Martínez Falero 11, 23470 Cazorla Jaén, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Ctra., Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18191 Granada, Spain
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Valldeperes M, Granados JE, Pérez V, López-Olvera JR, Ráez-Bravo A, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Mentaberre G, Tampach S, Soriguer RC, Espinosa J. The local skin cellular immune response determines the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1183304. [PMID: 37323847 PMCID: PMC10267361 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1183304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is a disease with implications for wildlife conservation and management. Its severity depends on the host's local skin immune response, which is largely unknown in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a mountain ungulate dramatically affected by mange. In this species, the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange varies among individuals, and the local immune response could be key to controlling the infestation. This study aims to characterize the local cellular immune response and its relationship with the clinical outcome. Methods Fourteen Iberian ibexes were experimentally infested with S. scabiei and six more served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, and skin biopsies were collected from the withers at 26, 46, and 103 days post-infection (dpi). The presence and distribution of macrophages (including M1 and M2 phenotypes), T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and interleukine 10 were quantitatively evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. Results An inflammatory infiltrate that decreased significantly from 26 to 103 dpi was observed in all the infested ibexes. The predominant inflammatory cell population in the skin of the mangy ibexes was formed by macrophages (mainly the M2 phenotype) followed by T lymphocytes, with lower numbers of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Three clinical courses were identified: total recovery, partial recovery, and terminal stage. The inflammatory infiltrates were less pronounced in the fully recovered ibexes than in those that progressed to the terminal stage throughout the study. Discussion The results suggest an exacerbated but effective Th1-type cellular immune response controlling mange in Iberian ibex. Furthermore, the local immune response appears to determine the variability of the clinical responses to S. scabiei infestation in this species. This first report on the progression of local skin immune cells is relevant not only for individuals but also for population management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Granada, Spain
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Department of Animal Health-Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM), ULe-CSIC León, León, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Department of Animal Health-Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM), ULe-CSIC León, León, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, León, Spain
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Valldeperes M, Moroni B, Rossi L, López-Olvera JR, Velarde R, Molinar Min AR, Mentaberre G, Serrano E, Angelone S, Lavín S, Granados JE. First report of interspecific transmission of sarcoptic mange from Iberian ibex to wild boar. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:481. [PMID: 34538252 PMCID: PMC8451136 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoptic mange is a globally distributed parasitic disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This mite has a certain degree of host specificity, although interspecific transmission can occur among phylogenetically related species or through prey-predator mediated exposure. In 2018, a wild boar (Sus scrofa) with lesions compatible with sarcoptic mange was hunted in Ports de Tortosa i Beseit Natural Park (PTB, north-eastern Spain), where an active epizootic outbreak of sarcoptic mange is affecting Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) since 2014. METHODS A complete necropsy, skin scrapings and skin digestions with hydroxide potassium were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Routine histopathological analysis, toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used to characterize the lesions and the inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, 10 specific S. scabiei microsatellites were molecularly genotyped through polymerase chain reactions in mites obtained from the affected wild boar. For phylogenetic comparison, mites obtained from sympatric Iberian ibexes and allopatric wild boars and Iberian ibexes from southern Spain were analysed. RESULTS Sarcoptes scabiei was visually and molecularly identified in the infested wild boar from PTB, causing skin lesions with dermal inflammatory infiltrate rich in T and B cells, which indicate an adaptive immune response. Three S. scabiei genetic clusters were identified: one included mites from southern Iberian ibexes, another included mites from southern wild boars, and a third one distinctively grouped the wild boar from PTB with the sympatric ibexes. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of sarcoptic mange in wild boar in Spain and the first documented case of S. scabiei cross-transmission from a wild ruminant host to a wild boar. The wild boar presented an ordinary scabies type reaction, which is typical of the self-limiting infestations reported in other cases of interspecific transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Barbara Moroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universitá di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universitá di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Samer Angelone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural de Sierra Nevada and Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
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Forcina G, Woutersen K, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Angelone S, Crampe JP, Pérez JM, Fandos P, Granados JE, Jowers MJ. Demography reveals populational expansion of a recently extinct Iberian ungulate. ZOOSYST EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.61854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the demographic history of endangered taxa is paramount to predict future fluctuations and disentangle the contributing factors. Extinct taxa or populations might also provide key insights in this respect by means of the DNA extracted from museum specimens. Nevertheless, the degraded status of biological material and the limited number of records may pose some constraints. For this reason, identifying all available sources, including private and public biological collections, is a crucial step forward. In this study, we reconstructed the demographic history based on cytochrome-b sequence data of the Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), a charismatic taxon of the European wildlife that became extinct in the year 2000. Moreover, we built a database of the museum specimens available in public biological collections worldwide and genotyped a privately owned 140-year-old trophy from the Spanish Pyrenees to confirm its origin. We found that the population of the Pyrenean ibex underwent a recent expansion approximately 20,000 years ago, after which trophy hunting and epizootics triggered a relentless population decline. Our interpretations, based on the genetic information currently available in public repositories, provide a solid basis for more exhaustive analyses relying on all the new sources identified. In particular, the adoption of a genome-wide approach appears a fundamental prerequisite to disentangle the multiple contributing factors associated with low genetic diversity, including inbreeding depression, acting as extinction drivers.
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Moroni B, Angelone S, Pérez JM, Molinar Min AR, Pasquetti M, Tizzani P, López-Olvera JR, Valldeperes M, Granados JE, Lavín S, Mentaberre G, Camacho-Sillero L, Martínez-Carrasco C, Oleaga A, Candela M, Meneguz PG, Rossi L. Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain: solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 33743796 PMCID: PMC7981868 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei "strains" circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. METHODS Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. RESULTS Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. CONCLUSIONS The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual "strains," among other factors. Wildlife-livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Samer Angelone
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Rita Molinar Min
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Mario Pasquetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Valldeperes
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Parque Nacional Y Parque Natural Sierra Nevada, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), and Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior D’Enginyeria Agraria, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Leonor Camacho-Sillero
- Programa Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fauna Silvestre, Consejería Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Oleaga
- S.E.R.P.A., Sociedad de Servicios del Principado de Asturias S.A., Gijón, Spain
| | - Mónica Candela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pier Giuseppe Meneguz
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Pastor J, Bach E, Ráez-Bravo A, López-Olvera JR, Tvarijonaviciute A, Granados JE, Espinosa J, Pérez J, Lavín S, Cuenca R. Method validation, reference values, and characterization of acute-phase protein responses to experimentally induced inflammation and bluetongue virus infection in the Iberian ibex. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:695-701. [PMID: 31746492 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute phase protein (APP) concentrations can change due to inflammation and be used to monitor disease in the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) analytes, establish reference values, and characterize Hp and SAA responses in the Iberian ibex after experimentally induced inflammation and experimental bluetongue virus (BTV) infection. METHODS Sera from 40 free-ranging box-trapped ibexes were used to establish Hp and SAA reference values. Six healthy ibexes were subcutaneously injected with 5 mL of turpentine, then, blood samples were taken, and clinical evaluations were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 postinjection. Another seven ibexes were challenged with BTV. Serum Hp and SAA concentrations were quantified using commercial assays following the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS Intra-assay precision and linearity were acceptable for both Hp and SAA. Intra-assay variation for high and low concentration of Hp and SAA were 9.74% and 17.31% and 16.49% and 12.89%, respectively. Inter-assay variation was higher for the low APP concentrations. Reference values for the healthy Iberian ibexes were (median, minimum, and maximum values) 0.2 (0.12-0.64) g/L for Hp and 4.74 (0.05-29.54) mg/L for SAA. Both Hp and SAA acted as a moderate and a major APP, respectively, and each could distinguish animals with turpentine-induced inflammation from those without. Hp and SAA did not change in asymptomatic BTV-infected animals. CONCLUSION This study validated Hp and SAA analytes and provided basal reference values for these analytes in the Iberian ibex. Both APPs were able to discriminate between healthy and diseased Iberian ibexes animals during turpentine-induced inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Pastor
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Bach
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirurgía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafaela Cuenca
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Valldeperes M, Granados JE, Pérez JM, Castro I, Ráez-Bravo A, Fandos P, López-Olvera JR, Serrano E, Mentaberre G. How sensitive and specific is the visual diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging Iberian ibexes? Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:405. [PMID: 31416471 PMCID: PMC6694496 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoptic mange is a broadly distributed parasitic disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei that affects wild mammals from all over the world, including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Selective culling of the scabietic individuals is the main management measure for disease control in Iberian ibex populations. Although visual identification of mange-compatible lesions is the reference method to decide the target individual, both false negative and positive cases are common in the wild. The aim of this work is to determine the sensitivity (SE), and the specificity (SP) of selective culling after evaluating 403 ibexes hunted in the Sierra Nevada Nature Space for sarcoptic mange control between 2002 and 2015. Methods A combination of skin scrapings and potassium hidroxide (KOH) skin digestion was used for sarcoptic mange diagnosis. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assess the effects of sex, age (juveniles and adults) and period of the year (wet and dry periods) on the SE and SP of the visual diagnosis method. Results The SE obtained for the visual determination of scabietic ibexes was 87.14%, whereas the SP was 60.71%. According to our model selection, SE of the visual diagnosis was explained by the additive effects of age and the period of the year. In fact, SE was lower in juveniles (64.76%) than in adults (94.26%) and during the dry period (73.44%) as compared to the wet period (92.09%). On the other hand, SP was best explained by the GLM including the additive effects of sex and the period of the year. The visual diagnosis of sarcoptic mange resulted less specific in females (22.73%) than in males (74.19%) and during the wet (55.22%) than in the dry period (82.35%). Conclusions Maximizing SE and SP is essential to achieving a high rate of removal of affected individuals from the environment without eliminating potentially resistant individuals. Selective culling must be conservative during the wet period and with females due to the lower SP. Conversely, visual diagnosis of scabietic juveniles and during the dry period has to be improved, due to the lower SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08190, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús María Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Castro
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08190, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, 41092, Isla de la Cartuja,, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08190, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08190, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universitá di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08190, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agraria (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25098, Lleida, Spain
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8
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Angelone S, Jowers MJ, Molinar Min AR, Fandos P, Prieto P, Pasquetti M, Cano-Manuel FJ, Mentaberre G, Olvera JRL, Ráez-Bravo A, Espinosa J, Pérez JM, Soriguer RC, Rossi L, Granados JE. Hidden MHC genetic diversity in the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). BMC Genet 2018; 19:28. [PMID: 29739323 PMCID: PMC5941765 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Defining hidden genetic diversity within species is of great significance when attempting to maintain the evolutionary potential of natural populations and conduct appropriate management. Our hypothesis is that isolated (and eventually small) wild animal populations hide unexpected genetic diversity due to their maintenance of ancient polymorphisms or introgressions. Results We tested this hypothesis using the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) as an example. Previous studies based on large sample sizes taken from its principal populations have revealed that the Iberian ibex has a remarkably small MHC DRB1 diversity (only six remnant alleles) as a result of recent population bottlenecks and a marked demographic decline that has led to the extinction of two recognized subspecies. Extending on the geographic range to include non-studied isolated Iberian ibex populations, we sequenced a new MHC DRB1 in what seemed three small isolated populations in Southern Spain (n = 132). The findings indicate a higher genetic diversity than previously reported in this important gene. The newly discovered allele, MHC DRB1*7, is identical to one reported in the domestic goat C. aegagrus hircus. Whether or not this is the result of ancient polymorphisms maintained by balancing selection or, alternatively, introgressions from domestic goats through hybridization needs to be clarified in future studies. However, hybridization between Iberian ibex and domestic goats has been reported in Spain and the fact that the newly discovered allele is only present in one of the small isolated populations and not in the others suggests introgression. The new discovered allele is not expected to increase fitness in C. pyrenaica since it generates the same protein as the existing MHC DRB1*6. Analysis of a microsatellite locus (OLADRB1) near the new MHC DRB1*7 gene reveals a linkage disequilibrium between these two loci. The allele OLADRB1, 187 bp in length, was unambiguously linked to the MHC DRB1*7 allele. This enabled us to perform a DRB-STR matching method for the recently discovered MHC allele. Conclusions This finding is critical for the conservation of the Iberian ibex since it directly affects the identification of the units of this species that should be managed and conserved separately (Evolutionarily Significant Units). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0616-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Angelone
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain. .,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael J Jowers
- CIBIO/ InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Anna Rita Molinar Min
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, E-41092, Sevilla, Isla de la Cartuja, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto
- Parque Natural Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, Martínez Falero11, E-23470, Cazorla, Jaén, Spain
| | - Mario Pasquetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFAS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFAS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFAS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita` degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
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9
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Viana DS, Granados JE, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Cano-Manuel FJ, Burón D, Fandos G, Aguado MÁP, Figuerola J, Soriguer RC. Linking seasonal home range size with habitat selection and movement in a mountain ungulate. Mov Ecol 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29318021 PMCID: PMC5755340 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-017-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Space use by animals is determined by the interplay between movement and the environment, and is thus mediated by habitat selection, biotic interactions and intrinsic factors of moving individuals. These processes ultimately determine home range size, but their relative contributions and dynamic nature remain less explored. We investigated the role of habitat selection, movement unrelated to habitat selection and intrinsic factors related to sex in driving space use and home range size in Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica. We used GPS collars to track ibex across the year in two different geographical areas of Sierra Nevada, Spain, and measured habitat variables related to forage and roost availability. RESULTS By using integrated step selection analysis (iSSA), we show that habitat selection was important to explain space use by ibex. As a consequence, movement was constrained by habitat selection, as observed displacement rate was shorter than expected under null selection. Selection-independent movement, selection strength and resource availability were important drivers of seasonal home range size. Both displacement rate and directional persistence had a positive relationship with home range size while accounting for habitat selection, suggesting that individual characteristics and state may also affect home range size. Ibex living at higher altitudes, where resource availability shows stronger altitudinal gradients across the year, had larger home ranges. Home range size was larger in spring and autumn, when ibex ascend and descend back, and smaller in summer and winter, when resources are more stable. Therefore, home range size decreased with resource availability. Finally, males had larger home ranges than females, which might be explained by differences in body size and reproductive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Movement, selection strength, resource availability and intrinsic factors related to sex determined home range size of Iberian ibex. Our results highlight the need to integrate and account for process dependencies, here the interdependence of movement and habitat selection, to understand how animals use space. This study contributes to understand how movement links environmental and geographical space use and determines home range behaviour in large herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte S. Viana
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Centro Administrativo Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua Sierra Nevada km 7, 18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Junta de Andalucía. C/ Johann G. Gutenberg 1, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Departamento Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel
- Centro Administrativo Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua Sierra Nevada km 7, 18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Burón
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Junta de Andalucía. C/ Johann G. Gutenberg 1, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fandos
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón C. Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, López-Olvera JR, Pérez JM, Lavín S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cano-Manuel FJ, Fandos P, Soriguer RC, Granados JE, Romero D, Velarde R. Histopathology, microbiology and the inflammatory process associated with Sarcoptes scabiei infection in the Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:596. [PMID: 29202802 PMCID: PMC5715492 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoptic mange has been identified as the most significant infectious disease affecting the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Despite several studies on the effects of mange on ibex, the pathological and clinical picture derived from sarcoptic mange infestation is still poorly understood. To further knowledge of sarcoptic mange pathology, samples from ibex were evaluated from histological, microbiological and serological perspectives. Methods Samples of skin, non-dermal tissues and blood were collected from 54 ibex (25 experimentally infected, 15 naturally infected and 14 healthy). Skin biopsies were examined at different stages of the disease for quantitative cellular, structural and vascular changes. Sixteen different non-dermal tissues of each ibex were taken for histological study. Acetylcholinesterase and serum amyloid A protein levels were evaluated from blood samples from ibex with different lesional grade. Samples of mangy skin, suppurative lesions and internal organs were characterized microbiologically by culture. Bacterial colonies were identified by a desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (MALDI TOF/TOF). Results The histological study of the skin lesions revealed serious acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, rete ridges, spongiotic oedema, serocellular and eosinophilic crusts, exocytosis foci, apoptotic cells and sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The cellular response in the dermis was consistent with type I and type IV hypersensitivity responses. The most prominent histological findings in non-dermal tissues were lymphoid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, congestion and the presence of amyloid deposits. The increase in serum concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid A protein correlated positively with the establishment of the inflammatory response in mangy skin and the presence of systemic amyloidosis. A wide variety of bacterial agents were isolated and the simultaneous presence of these in mangy skin, lymph nodes and internal organs such as lungs, liver, spleen and kidney was compatible with a septicaemic pattern of infection. Conclusions The alteration of biomarkers of inflammation and its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease and development of lesions in non-dermal tissues and septicaemic processes are serious conditioners for the survival of the mangy ibex. This severe clinical picture could be an important factor when considering the decision to eliminate animals that exceed a certain disease threshold from a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cano-Manuel
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, s.n, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Fernández-Aguilar X, Cabezón O, Granados JE, Frey J, Serrano E, Velarde R, Cano-Manuel FJ, Mentaberre G, Ráez-Bravo A, Fandos P, López-Olvera JR. Postepizootic Persistence of Asymptomatic Mycoplasma conjunctivae Infection in Iberian Ibex. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00690-17. [PMID: 28526790 PMCID: PMC5514678 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00690-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) to Mycoplasma conjunctivae ocular infection and the changes in their interaction over time were studied in terms of clinical outcome, molecular detection, and IgG immune response in a captive population that underwent a severe infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) outbreak. Mycoplasma conjunctivae was detected in the Iberian ibex, coinciding with the IKC outbreak. Its prevalence had a decreasing trend in 2013 that was consistent with the clinical resolution (August, 35.4%; September, 8.7%; November, 4.3%). Infections without clinical outcome were, however, still detected in the last handling in November. Sequencing and cluster analyses of the M. conjunctivae strains found 1 year later in the ibex population confirmed the persistence of the same strain lineage that caused the IKC outbreak but with a high prevalence (75.3%) of mostly asymptomatic infections and with lower DNA load of M. conjunctivae in the eyes (mean quantitative PCR [qPCR] cycle threshold [CT ], 36.1 versus 20.3 in severe IKC). Significant age-related differences of M. conjunctivae prevalence were observed only under IKC epizootic conditions. No substantial effect of systemic IgG on M. conjunctivae DNA in the eye was evidenced with a linear mixed-models selection, which indicated that systemic IgG does not necessarily drive the resolution of M. conjunctivae infection and does not explain the epidemiological changes observed. The results show how both epidemiological scenarios, i.e., severe IKC outbreak and mostly asymptomatic infections, can consecutively occur by entailing mycoplasma persistence.IMPORTANCEMycoplasma infections are reported in a wide range of epidemiological scenarios that involve severe disease to asymptomatic infections. This study allows a better understanding of the transition between two different Mycoplasma conjunctivae epidemiological scenarios described in wild host populations and highlights the ability of M. conjunctivae to adapt, persist, and establish diverse interactions with its hosts. The proportion of asymptomatic and clinical M. conjunctivae infections in a host population may not be regarded only in response to intrinsic host species traits (i.e., susceptibility) but also to a specific host-pathogen interaction, which in turn influences the infection dynamics. Both epidemic infectious keratoconjunctivitis and a high prevalence of asymptomatic M. conjunctivae infections may occur in the same host population, depending on the circulation of M. conjunctivae, its maintenance, and the progression of the host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fernández-Aguilar
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología & Cesam, Universidad de Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Espinosa J, Pérez JM, López-Olvera JR, Ráez-Bravo A, Cano-Manuel FJ, Fandos P, Soriguer RC, Granados JE, Romero D. Evaluation of oxidant/antioxidant balance in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) experimentally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. Vet Parasitol 2017; 242:63-70. [PMID: 28606327 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging activity, resulting in oxidation products and tissue damage. Although some studies have been done in other species, there is a lack of information about the oxidative/antioxidant status in the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) affected by sarcoptic mange. To clarify this fact, albumin, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total oxidant status (TOS) concentrations were measured in peripheral blood of ibexes experimentally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei (n=25), as well as in the healthy control group (n=14). During the course of the experiment, the infected ibexes were visually assigned to four categories according to the percentage of skin surface affected by mites. In the infested ibexes, the levels of albumin, PON-1, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and GSH:GSSG ratio showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease with disease progression. With respect to the control group, this decrease was significantly (p<0.001) lower in the more severe clinical stages. No significant changes were observed in GR activity during disease or with respect to the control group. Conversely, the concentrations of TOS and TBARS increased with lesion severity, and with respect to the control group, this increase was significant (p<0.01) in the more advanced stages of the infection. Additionally, to explore the possible effects of sex, age, haplotype, mange status, and days post infection (dpi) on each of the OS biomarkers, generalized additive mixed models were applied. According to our results, the mange status and dpi explained the highest percentages in the observed changes in the biomarkers analyzed, whereas the haplotype only influenced the observed variability of albumin and TOS. The contribution of sex and age was not significant in any of the OS biomarkers. From the present study, it may be concluded that sarcoptic mange infestation increases OS and decreases antioxidant status in ibex. This imbalance may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cano-Manuel
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, s.n., E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Ráez-Bravo A, Granados JE, Serrano E, Dellamaria D, Casais R, Rossi L, Puigdemont A, Cano-Manuel FJ, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Espinosa J, Soriguer RC, Citterio C, López-Olvera JR. Evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for sarcoptic mange diagnosis and assessment in the Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:558. [PMID: 27769278 PMCID: PMC5073795 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoptic mange is a contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting different mammalian species worldwide including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), in which mortalities over 90 % of the population have been reported. No efficient diagnostic methods are available for this disease, particularly when there are low mite numbers and mild or no clinical signs. In this study, three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed for dog (ELISA A), Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) (ELISA B) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (ELISA C), were evaluated to detect specific antibodies (IgG) to sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex sera. METHODS Serum samples from 131 Iberian ibexes (86 healthy and 45 scabietic) were collected from 2005 to 2012 in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Parks (southern Spain). Based on visual inspection, ibexes were classified into one of three categories, namely healthy (without scabietic compatible lesions), mildly affected (skin lesions over less than 50 % of the body surface) and severely affected (skin lesions over more than 50 % of the body surface). The optimal cut-off point, specificity, sensitivity and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated, and the agreement between tests was determined. Moreover, differences in the optical density (OD) related to scabies severity have been evaluated for the best test. RESULTS ELISA C showed better performance than the two other tests, reaching higher values of sensitivity (93.0 %) and specificity (93.5 %) against the visual estimation of the percentage of affected skin, chosen as the gold standard. Significantly higher concentrations of specific antibodies were observed with this test in the mildly and severely infested ibexes than in healthy ones. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that ELISA C was an optimal test to diagnose sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex. Further studies characterizing immune response during the course of the disease, including spontaneous or drug induced recovery, should follow in order to better understand sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Health Service - Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193 Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Espacio Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, Km 7, E-18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Health Service - Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193 Spain
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Debora Dellamaria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Rosa Casais
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, E-33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús María Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Citterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Health Service - Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193 Spain
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14
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Ráez-Bravo A, Granados JE, Cano-Manuel FJ, Soriguer RC, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Pavlov IY, Romero D. Toxic and Essential Element Concentrations in Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain): Reference Intervals in Whole Blood. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:273-280. [PMID: 26687500 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) blood samples from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain) were analyzed to establish concentrations of toxic and essential elements. Samples (whole blood from 32 males and 34 females) were taken from wild animals and the concentrations of inorganic elements considered as (1) non-essential and toxic (Pb, Cd and As), (2) essential but potentially toxic (Cu, Zn and Mn) and (3) occasionally beneficial (B, Cr, Al and Ni), as well as (4) essential minerals (Ca, Na, K, P, Mg, S, Co and Fe), were analyzed. The low concentration of Pb and Cd indicated that there is no heavy metal contamination in this geographical area for these elements. The concentration of elements in this ibex population was defined for different genders and ages. Significant differences between genders were only found for Mg and Cu, while significant differences in concentrations of Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, S and Zn were found between ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, 18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gerencia de Granada, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, 18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gerencia de Granada, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Avd. María Luisa s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Servicios Centrales, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Dpto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Igor Y Pavlov
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Ráez-Bravo A, Granados JE, Cerón JJ, Cano-Manuel FJ, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Espinosa J, Soriguer RC, López-Olvera JR. Acute phase proteins increase with sarcoptic mange status and severity in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, Schinz 1838). Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4005-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Lorca-Oró C, Pujols J, García-Bocanegra I, Mentaberre G, Granados JE, Solanes D, Fandos P, Galindo I, Domingo M, Lavín S, López-Olvera JR. Protection of Spanish Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) against Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 8 in a subclinical experimental infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36380. [PMID: 22666321 PMCID: PMC3364256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many wild ruminants such as Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) are susceptible to Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection, which causes disease mainly in domestic sheep and cattle. Outbreaks involving either BTV serotypes 1 (BTV-1) and 8 (BTV-8) are currently challenging Europe. Inclusion of wildlife vaccination among BTV control measures should be considered in certain species. In the present study, four out of fifteen seronegative Spanish ibexes were immunized with a single dose of inactivated vaccine against BTV-1, four against BTV-8 and seven ibexes were non vaccinated controls. Seven ibexes (four vaccinated and three controls) were inoculated with each BTV serotype. Antibody and IFN-gamma responses were evaluated until 28 days after inoculation (dpi). The vaccinated ibexes showed significant (P<0.05) neutralizing antibody levels after vaccination compared to non vaccinated ibexes. The non vaccinated ibexes remained seronegative until challenge and showed neutralizing antibodies from 7 dpi. BTV RNA was detected in the blood of non vaccinated ibexes from 2 to the end of the study (28 dpi) and in target tissue samples obtained at necropsy (8 and 28 dpi). BTV-1 was successfully isolated on cell culture from blood and target tissues of non vaccinated ibexes. Clinical signs were unapparent and no gross lesions were found at necropsy. Our results show for the first time that Spanish ibex is susceptible and asymptomatic to BTV infection and also that a single dose of vaccine prevents viraemia against BTV-1 and BTV-8 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Alasaad S, Morrondo P, Dacal-Rivas V, Soriguer RC, Granados JE, Serrano E, Zhu XQ, Rossi L, Pérez JM. Bronchopulmonary nematode infection of Capra pyrenaica in the Sierra Nevada massif, Spain. Vet Parasitol 2009; 164:340-3. [PMID: 19596519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation examined the prevalence and abundance of bronchopulmonary nematodes in 213 randomly hunted Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) (87 females and 126 males) in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Spain between 2003 and 2006. Post mortem examination revealed an overall prevalence of 72% for adult nematodes (Cystocaulus ocreatus 44%, Muellerius capillaris 44%, Protostrongylus sp. 40%, and Dictyocaulus filaria 4%). The abundances were 13.45+/-3.97, 5.18+/-2.49, 6.36+/-2.16, and 2.27+/-0.46, respectively. Protostrongylid adults showed similar infection rates, which were statistically different from that of D. filaria. 20% of the examined Iberian ibexes were infected by three protostrongylid nematodes species, 24% of C. pyrenaica were affected by two protostrongylid species, while infestations with only one protostrongylid species were detected in 20% of the examined animals. The overall prevalence of larvae nematodes in the examined animals was 100%, and the overall abundance (number of the first stage larvae per gram) was 86.45+/-20.63. There was a high correlation between the two sets of data (adults and larvae). Results of the present investigation provided foundation for the effective control of bronchopulmonary nematode infection in Iberian ibex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alasaad
- Department of Ecology and Sylviculture, Euphrates University, 3314 Deir Ez-Zor, Syria.
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18
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Alasaad S, Huang CQ, Li QY, Granados JE, García-Romero C, Pérez JM, Zhu XQ. Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1245-50. [PMID: 17610081 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 25 samples representing Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) from nine host species and 19 geographical locations in Spain were characterized genetically by sequences of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The ITS rDNA was amplified from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced directly. The lengths of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were 422 and 362 bp, respectively, for all Spanish liver fluke samples sequenced. Comparison of the ITS sequences of the Spanish Fasciola samples examined in the present study with that of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and the "intermediate Fasciola" revealed that all Spanish Fasciola samples examined represent the single species of F. hepatica, with only slight sequence variation in the ITS-2 (1/362, 0.3%) among the sequenced samples, but the sequence variation was not related to particular host species and/or geographical origins of the samples. The Spanish F. hepatica examined differed from Fasciola from elsewhere by two nucleotides in the ITS-2, which provided genetic marker for the differentiation of Spanish F. hepatica from Fasciola from other geographical localities. These results have implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Spanish F. hepatica and for the diagnosis and control of the disease it causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alasaad
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s. n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain
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19
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Serrano E, Granados JE, Pérez JM. Sarcoptic mange and metapodial development in growing male Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Vet Parasitol 2007; 144:375-9. [PMID: 17110041 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) on metapodial growth was studied in 24 uninfested and 16 infested male Iberian ibex from Sierra Nevada National Park (southern Spain). Our results show that infested ibex had smaller metatarsal bones, lower body weight, and a delayed rhythm of ossification, by about 1 year. We conclude that skeletal development and body weight in the Iberian ibex are sensitive to sarcoptic mange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Serrano
- Universidad de Jaén, Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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20
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Pérez JM, Granados JE, Moreno V, Calabuig G, Moço G, Serrano E. In vitrorearingOestrus caucasicusthird-instar larvae and pupae (Diptera: Oestridae) from naturally-infested Iberian ibex,Capra pyrenaica(Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Parasite 2006; 13:305-10. [PMID: 17285851 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2006134305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-instar Oestrus caucasicus larvae (n = 236) obtained from Iberian ibex, Copra pyrenaica, were reared in a laboratory to obtain adult flies. They were maintained at a temperature of 21.9 +/- 2.7 degrees C and a relative humidity of 38.9 +/- 8.0 %. In all, 78 imagos emerged (33.1 %), with a sex-ratio at emergence not differing significantly from 1:1; 25 larvae did not complete pupariation. A total of 14 adult flies (17.9 % of the adults obtained) showed malformations, mainly in their wings. The pupariation period lasted around 30 hours and the pupal stage lasted on average 29.8 +/- 6.8 days. The success of pupation in both sexes was mainly determined by the weight of the larvae. Sexual dimorphism, with higher weights in females, was evident in third-instar arvae, pupae and adults. The mean longevity of adult flies was 224.8 +/- 91.4 hours and males generally survived for onger than the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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21
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Pérez JM, Granados JE, González FJ, Ruiz-Martinez I, Soriguer RC. Hematologic parameters of the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica). J Zoo Wildl Med 1999; 30:550-4. [PMID: 10749444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirteen hematologic parameters were measured in 52 Spanish ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) from Sierra Nevada Natural Park, southern Spain. The animals were captured, maintained in captivity, and physically restrained for blood collection. We compared hematologic values for healthy ibexes with animals infected with sarcoptic mites and animals treated for scabies and recovered. Ibexes with scabies showed a decreased number of erythrocytes, a higher mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and increased numbers of band neutrophils. The number of lymphocytes was significantly higher in animals that had recovered from scabies as compared with infested ones. The only difference observed between healthy and recovered animals was in the number of monocytes, which remained significantly higher in animals that had recovered from scabies. No hemoparasites were found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Jaén University, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Paraje Las lagunillas, Spain
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Abstract
From February 1992 to March 1997, 245 European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) from Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (southern Spain) were surveyed for oestrid larvae in order to estimate prevalence and mean intensity of parasitism by Oestrus ovis. Over 46 percent of the animals surveyed were infected, with a mean intensity of 9.6 larvae/host parasitized. No significant differences in prevalence rates between host sexes were observed, but older mouflons were infected with more larvae than younger ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
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23
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Pérez JM, Granados JE, Soriguer RC, Ruiz-Martínez I. Prevalence and seasonality of Oestrus caucasicus Grunin, 1948 (Diptera: Oestridae) parasitizing the Spanish ibex, Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). J Parasitol 1996; 82:233-6. [PMID: 8604089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and intensity of parasitism by oestrid larvae in the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica were determined for a period of 2.5 yr in Sierra Nevada Natural Park, southern Spain. The most relevant result of this study was to find Oestrus caucasicus parasitizing this ungulate in a geographical location far from its previously known distribution, e.g., the Caucasus mountain range and central Asia. Larvae were found within 74% of the heads examined (n = 180). Prevalence was higher in females and in older animals. Lowest prevalence occurred during the summer months. The mean intensity (+/- SD) was 25.4 +/- 27.3 larvae and was similar in both host sexes. The number of larvae increased with host age and reached the highest intensities in winter, during December and January.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez
- Department of Animal and Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Jaen University, Spain
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24
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Abstract
From November 1992 to February 1993, 455 red deer (Cervus elaphus) were surveyed in order to estimate the prevalence of warble fly (Hypoderma actaeon) larvae under the skin of this ungulate species. Material came from Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena, Sierra de Alcaraz, and Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (central and southern Spain). We observed a prevalence of 92%, with a mean +/- SD intensity of 35.7 +/- 41.3 grubs per parasitized host; there was a maximum of 317 larvae per host. No significant differences in prevalence by host sex were found, although significant differences were observed in prevalences among different host age classes. The main location of feeding larvae in deer was in the back tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez
- Department of Animal and Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaen University, Spain
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25
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Perez JM, Granados JE, Ruiz I. The morphology of Laemobothrion (Laemobothrion) maximum (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae). Parassitologia 1995; 37:45-51. [PMID: 8532366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult specimens of Laemobothrion (L.) maximum (Scopoli, 1763), a buzzard louse species, were studied using scanning electron microscopy and paying special attention to sensitive structures, mainly those located on the head, mouthparts, abdomen and legs. Data on shape and size of palpl and antennal sensilla, as well as post-spiracular ones, were obtained. Some modifications of the mouthparts were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Perez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaen, Spain
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