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Xie M, Chen K, Liu P, Wang X, Chen Y, Shang H, Hao Y, Gao P, He X, Xu X. Seroprevalence of five diarrhea-related pathogens in bovine herds of scattered households in Inner Mongolia, China between 2019 and 2022. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16013. [PMID: 37908414 PMCID: PMC10615030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine diarrhea is a multi-factorial disease and remains one of the biggest health problems in animal husbandry. The endemic trends of the main pathogens responsible for bovine diarrhea in Inner Mongolia have not been analyzed systematically before. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine diarrhea pathogens found in the scattered households of Inner Mongolia in China. Additionally, we assessed for differences in the prevalence of infection based on age and region, as well as determined local prevalence rates and the rates of mixed infections. Using a two-stage random sampling strategy, 3,050 serum samples were collected from 72 bovine herds in 11 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia, and the positive rates of BVDV, BRV, BCoV, K99, and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) antibodies in the samples were detected by ELISA to determine the epidemic trends and epidemic differences of the five pathogens in Inner Mongolia. The positive rates of antibodies based on serum samples were: BVDV, 18.79% (95% CI [17.44-20.22]); BRV, 12.39% (95% CI [11.27-13.61]); BCoV, 12.82% (95% CI [11.68-14.05]); K99, 13.80% (95% CI [12.62-15.07]); and M. paratuberculosis, 10.79% (95% CI [9.74-11.94]). The prevalence rates of BRV, BCoV and K99 at 0-2 months were significantly different from that at 2-6 months, 6-18 months and adult cattle (P < 0.05). The prevalence of BVDV and M. paratuberculosis was the highest in adult cattle, which was significantly different from that in other age groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, obvious regional epidemiological differences among the five diseases were observed. There was a mixed infection of BRV+BCoV in each age stage, the highest mixed infection being BVDV+BRV+K99 at 0-2 months of age. Our results showed that the cattle of scattered households in the Inner Mongolia of China were endemicly infected with several important cattle pathogens. Most of the pathogens studied occurred between 0-2 months of age and were mixed infections, which greatly influences the health of the cattle and leads to economic loss. These findings are of practical significance for the future prevention and control of bovine diarrhea in the Inner Mongolia or other regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Xie
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kejia Chen
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - PingPing Liu
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yexin Chen
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hewei Shang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanru Hao
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiuling He
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key of Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Al-Mubarak AIA, Al-Kubati AAG, Skeikh A, Hussen J, Kandeel M, Flemban B, Hemida MG. A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020-2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1221883. [PMID: 37781291 PMCID: PMC10538974 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1221883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022. Methods Nasal swabs (n = 190), rectal swabs (n = 190), and sera (n = 190) were collected from 79 cows in this herd. Collected sera and swabs were tested using the commercially available ELISAs for the BVDV antibodies and antigens, respectively. Collected sera were also tested for the presence of BVDV nucleic acids using commercial real-time RT-PCR kits. Results and discussion Our data show BVDV seroprevalence (18.8%, 15%, and 8.2%) in the tested animals in 2020-2022, respectively. None of the collected nasal swabs, rectal swabs, or sera tested positive for the BVDV antigen, whereas 10.1%, 10%, and 18.1% of the tested sera were positive for BVDV nucleic acid in 2020-2022, respectively. The incidence rate was estimated at 0.02446 new cases/year despite the detection of BVDV in seronegative animals on single or two occasions at ≥6-month intervals. Young calves and bulls remained apparently unexposed to BVDV despite their presence with BVDV-infected females, with no significant physical separation. Both seropositivity and nucleic acid detectability showed significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, with reproductive performance. Collectively, the present study provides useful clues about the transmissibility of BVDV in the presence of possibly persistently infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of BVDV in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Further detailed characterization of the circulating BVDVs is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdullah Skeikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Baraa Flemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
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Werid GM, Hemmatzadeh F, Miller D, Reichel MP, Messele YE, Petrovski K. Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1067. [PMID: 37624027 PMCID: PMC10459101 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases of cattle, including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), pose a significant health threat to the global livestock industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant articles reporting the prevalence of and associated risk factors in studies published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2023. From a total of 5111 studies screened, 318 studies were included in the final analysis. BVDV prevalence in cattle populations was estimated using various detection methods. The analysis detected heterogeneity in prevalence, attributed to detection techniques and associated risk factors. Antibody detection methods exhibited a higher prevalence of 0.43, reflecting the cumulative effect of detecting both active and past infections. Antigen detection methods showed a prevalence of 0.05, which was lower than antibody methods. A prevalence of 0.08 was observed using nucleic acid detection methods. The health status of the examined cattle significantly influenced the prevalence of BVDV. Cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) exhibited higher antibody (prevalence of 0.67) and antigen (prevalence 0.23) levels compared to cattle with reproductive problems (prevalence 0.13) or diarrhea (prevalence 0.01). Nucleic acid detection methods demonstrated consistent rates across different health conditions. Age of cattle influenced prevalence, with higher rates in adults compared to calves. Risk factors related to breeding and reproduction, such as natural or extensive breeding and a history of abortion, were associated with increased prevalence. Coinfections with pathogens like bovine herpesvirus-1 or Neospora caninum were linked to higher BVDV prevalence. Management practices, such as commingling, introducing new cattle, and direct contact with neighboring farms, also influenced prevalence. Herd attributes, including larger herd size, and the presence of persistently infected cattle, were associated with higher prevalence. These findings indicated the importance of detection methods and risk factors in BVDV epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (G.M.W.); (D.M.); (Y.E.M.)
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia;
| | - Darren Miller
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (G.M.W.); (D.M.); (Y.E.M.)
| | - Michael P. Reichel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yohannes E. Messele
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (G.M.W.); (D.M.); (Y.E.M.)
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (G.M.W.); (D.M.); (Y.E.M.)
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia;
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İnce ÖB, Ayaz A. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:246. [PMID: 37344712 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an infectious agent that is extensively observed worldwide and is among the crucial pathogens of the cattle industry. BVDV infection causes gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity and associated potential risk factors for the risk assessment of BVDV infection in the dairy cattle population in the Aegean Region of Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, 552 serum samples were collected between August 2018 and September 2019 from 48 herds that were not vaccinated against BVDV. Farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire on potential BVDV risk factors. BVDV-specific antibodies in serum samples were detected using a commercial indirect-ELISA kit. The herd-level and animal-level prevalence of BVDV seropositivity was 89.58% (95% CI: 77.83-95.47) and 48.37% (95% CI: 44.23-52.54), respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BVDV infection and age, common pasture use with small ruminants, the use of natural insemination, and history of respiratory and/or reproduction problems. The results of this study showed that BVDV infection is common in dairy herds in the Aegean Region. The risk assessment would aid the implementation of a voluntary control programme for BVDV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Barış İnce
- Animal Breeding and Genetic Research and Implementation Center, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, 20100, Denizli, Turkey.
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Eregli, 42310, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Alparslan Ayaz
- Province Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Asmare K, Aragaw K, Sibhat B, Abayneh T, Gelaye E, Getachew B, Egan S. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in dairy cattle in southern and central Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2023; 217:105959. [PMID: 37348386 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle with a worldwide distribution. It occurs as a subclinical, mild or severe disease. The clinical signs may vary widely with respiratory, genital, ocular and encephalomyelitis form. This cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2019 and March 2020 with the aim to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and to identify related potential risk factors in dairy cattle in central and southern Ethiopia. A total of 954 serum samples were obtained from randomly selected dairy cattle in 98 herds. The samples were collected from animals over 6 months old and tested using a BHV-1 antibody blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (b-ELISA). The study showed that the animal- and herd-level seroprevalence of BHV-1 was 30.0 % (95 % CI: 21.7, 39.9) and 75.5 % (95 % CI: 65.9, 83.1), respectively. Multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that adult animals (> 2.5 years) (OR = 2.4, 95 % CI: 1.1, 5.5) had higher seroprevalence of BHV-1 compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). Cattle in farms using artificial insemination (AI), and both AI and bulls had a 3.9 (95 % CI: 1.2, 13.3) and 5.1 (95 % CI: 1.8, 14.8) odds of being seropositive, respectively, compared to farms using bulls only. Arrangement of animals in a tail-to-tail fashion appeared to be protective against BHV-1 infection (p < 0.05). However, source of the animal was not associated with BHV-1 serostatus (p > 0.05). The animal- and herd-level prevalence recorded in our study confirms that BHV-1 infection is widespread and remains endemic in dairy cattle of central and southern Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Asmare
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassaye Aragaw
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Sibhat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Abayneh
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sharon Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
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Chen N, Jiang D, Shao B, Bai T, Chen J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhu Z. Anti-BVDV Activity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers Targeting NS5B (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083413. [PMID: 37110647 PMCID: PMC10145726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have emerged as "rising stars" for treating viral diseases and useful chemical scaffolds for developing effective therapeutic agents. The nonstructural protein NS5B (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) of NADL strain BVDV was used as the action target based on a molecular docking technique to screen herbal monomers for anti-BVDV viral activity. The in vivo and in vitro anti-BVDV virus activity studies screened the Chinese herbal monomers with significant anti-BVDV virus effects, and their antiviral mechanisms were initially explored. The molecular docking screening showed that daidzein, curcumin, artemisinine, and apigenin could interact with BVDV-NADL-NS5B with the best binding energy fraction. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that none of the four herbal monomers significantly affected MDBK cell activity. Daidzein and apigenin affected BVDV virus replication mainly in the attachment and internalization phases, artemisinine mainly in the replication phase, and curcumin was active in the attachment, internalization, replication, and release phases. In vivo tests demonstrated that daidzein was the most effective in preventing and protecting BALB/C mice from BVDV infection, and artemisinine was the most effective in treating BVDV infection. This study lays the foundation for developing targeted Chinese pharmaceutical formulations against the BVDV virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dongjun Jiang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Baihui Shao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
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Su N, Wang Q, Liu HY, Li LM, Tian T, Yin JY, Zheng W, Ma QX, Wang TT, Li T, Yang TL, Li JM, Diao NC, Shi K, Du R. Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle between 2010 and 2021: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1086180. [PMID: 36733426 PMCID: PMC9887317 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1086180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea is one of the diseases that cause huge economic losses in animal husbandry. Many countries or regions have successively introduced eradication plans, but BVDV still has a high prevalence in the world. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of BVDV in the world in recent 10 years, and is expected to provide some reference and theoretical basis for BVDV control plans in different regions. Method Relevant articles published from 2010 to 2021 were mainly retrieved from NCBI, ScienceDirect, Chongqing VIP, Chinese web of knowledge (CNKI), web of science and Wanfang databases. Results 128 data were used to analyze the prevalence of BVDV from 2010 to 2021. BVDV antigen prevalence rate is 15.74% (95% CI: 11.35-20.68), antibody prevalence rate is 42.77% (95% CI: 37.01-48.63). In the two databases of antigen and antibody, regions, sampling time, samples, detection methods, species, health status, age, sex, breeding mode, and seasonal subgroups were discussed and analyzed, respectively. In the antigen database, the prevalence of dairy cows in the breed subgroup, ELISA in the detection method subgroup, ear tissue in the sample subgroup, and extensive breeding in the breeding mode were the lowest, with significant differences. In the antibody database, the prevalence rate of dairy cows in the breed subgroup and intensive farming was the highest, with a significant difference. The subgroups in the remaining two databases were not significantly different. Conclusion This meta-analysis determined the prevalence of BVDV in global cattle herds from 2010 to 2021. The prevalence of BVDV varies from region to region, and the situation is still not optimistic. In daily feeding, we should pay attention to the rigorous and comprehensive management to minimize the spread of virus. The government should enforce BVDV prevention and control, implement control or eradication policies according to local conditions, and adjust the policies in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Su
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lian-Min Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Ying Yin
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Xia Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nai-Chao Diao
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Kun Shi ✉
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Rui Du ✉
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Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and Neospora caninum with late embryonic losses in highly supplemented grazing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 194:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shah PT, Nawal Bahoussi A, Ahmad A, Sikandar M, Xing L. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in China: A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis with complete genome sequences. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:992678. [PMID: 36118332 PMCID: PMC9478372 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.992678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), causing bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in cattle, is one of the highly contagious and devastating diseases of cattle. Since 1980, BVDV has been identified all-over China in a variety of animal species including cattle, camels, yaks, sheep, water buffalo, goats, Sika deer and pigs. In this study, 31 BVDV complete genomes reported in China (from 2004 to 2020) with other 112 genomes reported around the world were comparatively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis shows that BVDV genomes reported worldwide clustered in three major clades i.e., BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and BVDV-3. The BVDV-1 is genetically the most diverged genotype and phylogenetically classified into 7 sub-clades in our study based on full-length genomes. The China BVDV genomes fall into all three major clades, e.g., BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BVDV-3. China BVDV-1 clustered into five sub-clades, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, where sub-clade 7 clustered as a separate sub-clade. Full-length genome recombination analysis reveals that the BVDV-1 reported in China appears to be mainly involved in recombination events. In addition, comparative analysis of E2 proteins between BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and BVDV-3 reveals that the amino acid variations could affect 12 potential linear B cell epitopes, demonstrating a dramatic antigen drift in the E2 protein. These results provide a thorough view of the information about the genetic and antigenic diversity of BVDVs circulating in China and therefore could benefit the development of suitable strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Aftab Ahmad
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Muhammad Sikandar
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xing
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Zirra-Shallangwa B, González Gordon L, Hernandez-Castro LE, Cook EAJ, Bronsvoort BMDC, Kelly RF. The Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:947515. [PMID: 36032291 PMCID: PMC9404877 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes reproductive inefficiencies and negatively impacts the economy of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is characterized by a combination of syndromes that result in poor production performance and calf morbidity and mortality. BVDV control is possible by introduction of biosecurity measures, test-and-cull, and vaccination programs as accomplished in high-income countries. Knowledge of BVDV epidemiology is limited in many LMICs, which hinders implementation of effective control programs. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the burden of BVDV, identify risk factors related to its occurrence, and health and economic impacts on production systems. Materials and Methods Relevant BVD articles were collated from library databases; 690 abstracts and full texts were found in an initial search followed by filtering of 59 manuscripts. We accounted for quality and risk of bias in the meta-analysis. Prevalence, exposure, and current infection at regional, production, and farming system levels were estimated using logistic random-effects meta-regression models. Finally, we calculated the proportion of studies that addressed risk factors and health and economic impacts across different production systems to inform future preventative strategies in LMICs. Results Seroprevalence was high and varied between regions. Mean weighted prevalence was 39.5% (95% CI 25-56.1), 45.2% (95% CI 35.9-54.8), 49.9% (95% CI 25.5-74.3), and 21.6% (95% CI 0.5-56) for sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Middle East, and Asia, respectively. Seroprevalence varied across farming systems, with smallholder farming showing the highest values. Herdsize was the most frequently reported risk factor, and the percentage of articles that reported herdsize as a risk factor were 20.6%, 33.3%, and 38.4% for dairy, beef and mixed systems respectively. Abortion (13.7% of articles) was the main reported health impact in dairy systems. Some articles reported milk drop (4.6% of articles), but no article investigated the economic cost of BVDV in farming systems. Conclusion Animal-level seroprevalence varied across all regions. Most of the studies focused on BVDV seroprevalence. There were some articles that investigated risk factors and health impacts, and there were even less that investigated economic impacts. Future studies should focus on identifying risk factors and quantifying health and economic impacts across systems. Understanding these aspects is crucial to develop management strategies to apply across diverse production systems in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Zirra-Shallangwa
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Lina González Gordon
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Luis E. Hernandez-Castro
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. J. Cook
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barend M. de Clare Bronsvoort
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F. Kelly
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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García AA, Torreglosa JT, Marín DD, Bernal MKM, Rolim Filho ST, Pereira WLA. Leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: prevalence in Colombian cattle and buffaloes. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the limiting factors of productive efficiency in cattle and buffalo herds is related to the high prevalence of infectious diseases which affect reproduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in bovine and buffalo herds in Colombia. Blood serum samples were collected from 1100 buffaloes and 1000 cattle. The ELISA technique was used to detect antibodies against BVDV and BoHV-1, and the microscopic agglutination technique to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and of BVDV and BoHV-1 in bovine samples was observed in 16, 39.7, and 65% of animals, respectively, while the positivity in samples for the same antibodies in buffalos was detected in 18.7, 27.5 and 51.5%, respectively. Exposure of cattle and buffaloes to BoHV-1 was positively associated with age, higher prevalence rates were observed in older ages. Seropositivity of cattle for BVDV and BoHV-1 was higher in male animals. Activities such as embryo transfer, milking, and needle reuses, as well as the presence of cats and rodents are factors which favor positivity of the herd for BVDV and BoHV-1.
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Zhao P, Wang C, Xia Y, Hu Y, Fang R, Zhao J. Seroprevalence Investigation of Classic Swine Fever Virus Before, During, and After African Swine Fever Virus Outbreak in Some Provinces of China from 2017 to 2021. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:33-40. [PMID: 35020503 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic swine fever is a severe infectious and fatal disease in pigs caused by the classic swine fever virus (CSFV). Surveillance and investigation for CSFV seroprevalence contribute to knowing the immune efficiency of CSFV vaccines and reflect health status of swine herd, especially since the African swine fever virus (ASFV) outbreak in China in 2018. A total of 40,489 pig serum samples with related descriptive variables were obtained from 12 provinces and 2 cities of China from December 2017 to May 2021, covering before, during, and after three periods of ASFV outbreak. Pearson chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify impact factors related to variations in CSFV seroprevalence. Total CSFV seroprevalence was 60.40% (95% confidence interval: 59.92-60.88). Seroprevalence and antibody blocking rate mean of CSFV before outbreak of ASFV in China are higher and change gently compared with that after outbreak of ASFV. Serum collected from "summer and autumn," "north, southwest and northwest of China," "pig farm located in hill or mountain," " period before outbreak of ASFV," "PRRSV negative farm," and "replacement gilts, multiparous sows and boars" show high seroprevalence of CSFV. These results show trends in prevalence of CSFV antibody in recent years in China, especially when ASFV entered China. Identified impact factors provide references for improving immune efficiency of CSFV vaccine and benefit for prevention of CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Aragaw K, Regassa F, Sibhat B, Abayneh T, Gelaye E, Deresse G, Egan S, Asmare K. Seroprevalence and association of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) serostatus with reproductive problems in dairy cattle in central and southern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:471. [PMID: 34550482 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important cattle disease with worldwide distribution and characterized mainly by suboptimal fertility in the affected herds. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BVDV within dairy cattle, to identify potential risk factors, and to assess the association with occurrence of reproductive problems. Sera (n = 954) collected from dairy cattle from 98 herds in southern and central Ethiopia were tested for BVDV antibodies using a commercial ELISA. Among screened sera samples, 20.9% (95% CI, 18.4, 23.6) tested positive to BVDV antibodies. The herd prevalence was 50% (95% CI, 40.1, 59.9) and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 2.6 and 100% (mean = 31.4%) in positive herds. Geographic region, herd size, and animal arrangement in the farm had significant association with serostatus (p < 0.05). Cattle from southern Ethiopia and herds of large size had 2.8 (95% CI, 1.9, 4.2) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5, 4.6) times higher odds of being seropositive compared to their counterparts, respectively. Serostatus to BVDV was associated with history of anestrus, repeat breeding (RB), mastitis, and extended calving interval (CI) (p < 0.05). Animals with history of extended CI and mastitis were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.0, 2.7) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5, 3.2) times more likely to be seropositive compared with those with normal CI and no history of mastitis, respectively. On the other hand, animals with history of anestrus and RB were less likely to be seropositive to BVDV compared to cattle with no such history. Sera from 26 selected cattle were also examined using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for detection of BVDV RNA; however, all samples tested were negative for the presence of BVDV nucleic acid. Our study highlights the variation in BVDV status within Ethiopian dairy herds, and association with some important reproductive performance traits and potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassaye Aragaw
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Fekadu Regassa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Sibhat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Abayneh
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Sharon Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kassahun Asmare
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Major Causes of Calf and Lamb Mortality and Morbidity and Associated Risk Factors in the Mixed Crop-Livestock Production System in Jamma District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:6689154. [PMID: 34476074 PMCID: PMC8407976 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamb and calf preweaning mortality and morbidity account for serious losses in sheep and cattle production and are, thus, a major factor in reducing profitability and adversely affecting the sheep and cattle farming. Thus, a prospective cohort study was conducted in Jamma district, Amhara Regional State, to determine the major cause of calf and lamb morbidity and mortality and associated risk factors. A semi-structured questionnaire and clinical assessment of the animals were conducted from 150 households to assess the potential risk factors. Besides, a total of 102 (81 fecal samples and 21 skin scrapings) were collected from 150 clinically ill and suspected animals to identify the cause of morbidity and mortality. The test of difference and correlation between variables were computed using chi-square and generalized linear model analysis. The total morbidity and mortality in calves were 33.3% and 2%, respectively, whereas for lamb, they were 27.3% and 32.5%, respectively. In calf, septicemia (100%) was a major cause of mortality, and diarrhea (54.6%) was the leading cause of calf morbidity followed by skin disease (30.1%), respiratory problems (12%), and septicemia (3.3%). Malnutrition was the most common problem in lambs causing up to 31.3% mortality followed by diarrhea 24% and respiratory problems 21.3%. The presence of a disease in adult cattle was significantly correlated to the presence of disease in calves (p < 0.001; r = 0.35). There was also a significantly higher positive correlation between sickness in adult sheep and lambs (p < 0.001, r = 0.45). Gastrointestinal parasitosis was identified in 82.7% of the samples collected from diarrheic and suspected calves (87.1% positive) and lambs (80% positive). Monezia species in lamb (33.3%) and Coccidia species in the calf (35.9%) had the largest morbidity rate. Ctenocephalides canis (16.7%) and Linognatus species (41.7%) were common ectoparasites identified in calves, while Melophagus ovinus was the only ectoparasite of lambs recovered (62.5%). In conclusion, the high morbidity found in calves and morbidity and mortality in lambs are known to seriously reduce the profitability of the smallholder cattle and sheep production in the area by affecting the availability of replacement animals and causing a detrimental effect on herd expansion and productivity. In further studies, establishing the specific causative agents, control of diseases in the adult, and improvement in feed resources should be the major areas that need to be considered to mitigate calf and lamb morbidity and mortality currently affecting the area.
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Tschopp R, Gemechu G, Wood JLN. A Longitudinal Study of Cattle Productivity in Intensive Dairy Farms in Central Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:698760. [PMID: 34458355 PMCID: PMC8387621 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.698760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia is witnessing an emergence of intensive urban dairy farming. The aims of this study were to capture cattle productivity parameters in selected intensive dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa (Central Ethiopia). The study is a pre-requisite and baseline for further economic analysis of diseases such as bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and to assess some of the current challenges faced by farm owners for optimal animal performances. Hence, a 3-year longitudinal observational study was conducted for the first time in Ethiopia, in 24 dairy farms with intensive husbandry, including a total of 1,705 dairy animals. Herd characteristics, animal movement, and productivity parameters (fertility, morbidity, mortality) were recorded in a herd-book. Whereas, half the farms saw their animals increase in number over the 3 years, 37.5% (mainly large farms) saw their herd size decrease. Offtakes accounted for 76.6% of all animal exits. One hundred and ninety (11.1%) animals died of natural causes. Highest mortality was observed in young stock (13.9%). Overall, diseases were the leading cause for death (57.5%). The majority of calves (69%) that died, did so within the first week of life. Mean calving interval (CI) was 483.2 days. Successful conception after artificial insemination (AI) was 66.1% with Addis Ababa and smaller farms faring worst. Mean time interval from calving to first service was 152 days. Date of birth to first service was 592.2 days and date of birth to first calving was 794.7 days. In conclusion, the study showed sub-optimal productivity performances in intensive dairy cattle and highlighted some of the current gaps and challenges in urban dairy productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Tschopp
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,One-Health Unit, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Gemechu
- One-Health Unit, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - James L N Wood
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Martínez-Rodríguez LC, Guzmán-Barragán BL, Ordoñez D, Tafur-Gómez GA. Cattle seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea in the northeastern of Colombia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:377. [PMID: 34184109 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most common and economically significant viral infections in cattle. Different risk factors have been associated with viral exposure and transmission, generating endemic regions with different biotype circulations. To find the BVD status in the northeastern region of Colombia, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the disease in non-vaccinated farms. For this purpose, a two-time point sampling strategy was developed, obtaining serum from 1157 animals housed in 25 farms distributed in 46 townships, thus for antibody detection against non-structural protein 3 (NS3, p80) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) using an indirect ELISA test. For the first time in Colombia, the presence of serological persistent cattle was evaluated in 1047 animals 3 weeks later of first sampling. The information on a standardized questionnaire with closed and dichotomic answers was used to calculate the putative risk factors. The association analysis by univariate and multivariate logistic regression reported odds ratios (OR) with a 95% of confidence interval (C.I). The overall seroprevalence was 65% (95% CI 62.5-72.9%), with variations according to age ranges. The prevalence of persistent serological positive corresponded to 37.7% (95% CI 34.2-41.5). The risk factors found by multivariate analyses were the lease of pastures (OR = 2.071 CI 1.485-3.690), the use of the same needle (OR = 2.249 CI 1.354-3.736), the molasses supplementation (OR = 2.742 CI 1.156-5.807), and the native Creole breed (OR = 1.895 CI 1.416-2.804). The results of this study confirmed the endemism and higher common exposure to BVDV, as well as the presence of serological persistent cattle in Valledupar, Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Catalina Martínez-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia UDES, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Santander, Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Ordoñez
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales - U.D.C.A, Bogotá, 111166, Colombia
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Tesfaye A, Omer A, Hussein A, Garoma A, Guyassa C, Paeshuyse J, Tolera TS. Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Local Borana Cattle Breed and Camels ( Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2021; 12:141-148. [PMID: 34136370 PMCID: PMC8197621 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s305198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea, caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has been considered a disease of cattle but is now emerging in camels. In Ethiopia it has been detected in exotic and cross-bred dairy cattle but no information is available on its occurrence in indigenous cattle breeds and camels. This study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the prevalence of BVDV infection in indigenous Borana cattle and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Moyale and Miesso pastoral districts. Methodology Serological investigation was carried out on 219 cattle from 44 herds and 137 camels from 11 herds in contact with the selected cattle herds in Boranara zone and 348 camels from 41 herds in Shinille zone. The sera samples were tested using a competitive enzyme lnked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to detect antibodies against p80 protein of BVDV. In addition, all of the cattle sera were tested using antigen detection ELISA for identification of persistent infection. Results Among the 219 cattle tested, 177 (80.82%; 95% CI: 74.97–85.81) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV in Moyale district, Borena Zone. The prevalence varied among different age groups and parity. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle aged 8 years and older (84.0%; 95% CI: 69.6–98.4) and in primiparous cattle (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2–94.8). Two of the 219 cattle tested (0.05%; 95% CI: 0.02–0.08) were found to be positive with antigen detection ELISA. In addition, out of a total of 137 camels tested, two (1.46%; 95% CI: 0.18–5.17) were found to be positive in this district. Among the 348 camels tested, eight (2.29%; 95% CI: 0.99–4.485) were found to be positive for antibodies against BVDV. In conclusion, this study revealed a high prevalence of infection in Borana cattle. In addition, it recorded the occurrence of infection with BVDV in camel herds. None of the camels tested positive for the antigen of BVDV using antigen ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamenew Tesfaye
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Omer
- Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Hussein
- Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Garoma
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Guyassa
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teshale Sori Tolera
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Clinical Studies, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Demil E, Fentie T, Vidal G, Jackson W, Lane J, Mekonnen SA, Smith W. Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies and risk factors in dairy cattle in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2021; 191:105363. [PMID: 33933916 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease that affects cattle and other ruminants worldwide and causes considerable economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2017 and July 2018 with the aim to estimate the prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies and to identify potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in dairy cattle in peri-urban areas of Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 339 serum samples obtained from randomly selected dairy cattle aged 6 months and older were assayed using a BVDV antibody competitive-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) kit. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate antibody prevalence of BVDV at animal and herd-level and logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors. The study findings showed that the animal-level antibody prevalence of BVDV in the study area was 26.84 % (95 % CI: 22.1 %-31.6 %) and the herd-level seroprevalence was 68.3 % (95 % CI: 56.2 %-80.4 %). Logistic regression model demonstrated that age >2 years (OR = 4.75, 95 % CI: 2.20-10.26), herd size >11 (OR = 7.28, 95 % CI: 2.50-21.22), and poor farm hygiene (OR = 3.69, 95 % CI: 1.94-7.02), are potential risk factors associated with BVDV infection (P < 0.05). However, sex, faecal consistency and housing system were not associated with BVDV serostatus. The animal- and herd-level seroprevalence reports in Northwest Ethiopia can serve as a baseline finding for future BVD epidemiological investigations and to inform future control programs in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Demil
- Bahir Dar Animal Health Investigation and Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O. Box 70, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsegaw Fentie
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gema Vidal
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Wendi Jackson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jennifer Lane
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Woutrina Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Yitagesu E, Jackson W, Kebede N, Smith W, Fentie T. Prevalence of bovine abortion, calf mortality, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected calves among pastoral, peri-urban, and mixed-crop livestock farms in central and Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:87. [PMID: 33607976 PMCID: PMC7893777 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of important diseases of cattle worldwide causing economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to increased premature culling and decreased reproductive performance. The virus can cross the placenta during early pregnancy and result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves that are efficient transmitters of BVDV and serving as the primary reservoirs for BVDV. Relatively few studies have focused on understanding BVDV seroprevalence, virus detection, genotyping and its distribution in Africa. Most BVDV research in Ethiopia has involved serologic surveys in adult cattle, rather than the identification of PI calves, despite their role in viral shedding and recurring infections. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in three different livestock production systems of Ethiopia with the objective to estimate the prevalence of bovine abortion, calf mortality, and BVDV persistently infected calves. Results Ear notch samples (882) collected from calves in 349 households were tested for BVDV antigen using antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE). All samples tested were negative for BVDV antigen. The overall animal level crude abortion and calf mortality prevalence were 4.0% (95% CI: 2.9–5.2) and 9.2% (95% CI: 7.7–11.0) respectively. The lower BVDV PI prevalence may be due to a lower effective contact rate between cattle reared in small-scale extensive production systems in Ethiopia. Conclusions This is the first report of BVDV Ag test in Ethiopia and no PI was detected in calves in the study areas. Since BVDV is a disease of great economic importance, this study finding must be interpreted with care since absence of evidence is not evidence of absence and even a single BVDV infected animal can serve as source of infection and contribute to the persistent spread of the virus. Greater attention needs to be given to screening for PI animals through testing large number of animals and culling positive animals. Hence, future research should focus on regions and production systems with high BVDV seroprevalence followed by antigen ELISA or BVDV real-time PCR to detect persistently infected and acutely viremic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdachew Yitagesu
- Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia. .,University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Wendi Jackson
- University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Woutrina Smith
- University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tsegaw Fentie
- University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ortega DO, Sarmiento RAM, Torreglosa JCT, Rocha JF. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea in Colombian cattle. Vet World 2020; 13:1487-1494. [PMID: 33061218 PMCID: PMC7522956 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1487-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is present in most cattle-raising countries around the world, and it has a negative economic impact in cattle herds. In Colombia, previous studies have estimated the prevalence of BVDV in specific locations. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BVDV in cattle herds located at several municipalities across the country and to identify the associated risk and protective factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of BVDV in Colombian cattle populations at farm and animal-levels. A total of 387 herds and 8110 animals located in seven different departments were included in this study. Results: An animal- and farm-level prevalence of 36% and 69%, respectively, were estimated. A high variation for the farm-level prevalence was found among the municipalities studied. Moreover, seropositive cattle to the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (odds ratio (OR)=2.38, p=0.0479) and Neospora caninum (OR=3.15, p=0.0122) were more likely to be seropositive for BVDV, while the practice of burning dead animals at the farm was identified as a protective factor (OR=0.17, p=0.014). Conclusion: The prevalence of BVDV varied more at farm-level compared to animal-level. Two risk factors and one protective factor were identified. The results of the current study are essential to understand the epidemiology of BVDV in Colombia, and to formulate strategies in the region to mitigate the impact of this virus on the productive and reproductive indicators of cattle farms at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ortiz Ortega
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan Felipe Rocha
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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van Roon AM, Mercat M, van Schaik G, Nielen M, Graham DA, More SJ, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, Fourichon C, Madouasse A, Santman-Berends IMGA. Quantification of risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle herds: A systematic search and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9446-9463. [PMID: 32747110 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is endemic in many parts of the world, and multiple countries have implemented surveillance activities for disease control or eradication. In such control programs, the disease-free status can be compromised by factors that pose risks for introduction or persistence of the virus. The aim of the present study was to gain a comprehensive overview of possible risk factors for BVDV infection in cattle herds in Europe and to assess their importance. Papers that considered risk factors for BVDV infection in cattle were identified through a systematic search. Further selection of papers eligible for quantitative analysis was performed using a predefined checklist, including (1) appropriate region (i.e., studies performed in Europe), (2) representativeness of the study population, (3) quality of statistical analysis, and (4) availability of sufficient quantitative data. In total, 18 observational studies were selected. Data were analyzed by a random-effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates of the odds of BVDV infection. Meta-analyses were performed on 6 risk factors: herd type, herd size, participation in shows or markets, introduction of cattle, grazing, and contact with other cattle herds on pasture. Significant higher odds were found for dairy herds (odds ratio, OR = 1.63, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.06-2.50) compared with beef herds, for larger herds (OR = 1.04 for every 10 extra animals in the herd, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06), for herds that participate in shows or markets (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.91), for herds that introduced cattle into the herd (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.18-1.69), and for herds that share pasture or have direct contact with cattle of other herds at pasture (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). These pooled values must be interpreted with care, as there was a high level of heterogeneity between studies. However, they do give an indication of the importance of the most frequently studied risk factors and can therefore assist in the development, evaluation, and optimization of BVDV control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M van Roon
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Mercat
- INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - G van Schaik
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; Royal GD, 7400 AA, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - M Nielen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim N41 WN27, Ireland
| | - S J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | | | - C Fourichon
- INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - A Madouasse
- INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - I M G A Santman-Berends
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508, TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; Royal GD, 7400 AA, Deventer, the Netherlands
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Mechanisms linking bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection with infertility in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev 2019; 20:72-85. [PMID: 31895016 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252319000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important infectious disease agent that causes significant reproductive and economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Although BVDV infection is known to cause poor fertility in cattle, a greater part of the underlying mechanisms particularly associated with early reproductive losses are not clearly understood. Previous studies reported viral compromise of reproductive function in infected bulls. In females, BVDV infection is thought to be capable of killing the oocyte, embryo or fetus directly, or to induce lesions that result in fetal abortion or malformation. BVDV infections may also induce immune dysfunction, and predispose cattle to other diseases that cause poor health and fertility. Other reports also suggested BVDV-induced disruption of the reproductive endocrine system, and a disruption of leukocyte and cytokine functions in the reproductive organs. More recent studies have provided evidence of viral-induced suppression of endometrial innate immunity that may predispose to uterine disease. Furthermore, there is new evidence that BVDV may potentially disrupt the maternal recognition of pregnancy or the immune protection of the conceptus. This review brings together the previous reports with the more recent findings, and attempts to explain some of the mechanisms linking this important virus to infertility in cattle.
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Hou P, Zhao G, Wang H, He H. Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle herds in eastern China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:791-798. [PMID: 30456692 PMCID: PMC7089171 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide spreading pestivirus affecting cattle and other ruminants; however, there have been few reports on epidemiologic investigation of BVDV in eastern China. In this study, bulk tank milk from 36 herds of dairy cattle in eastern China was submitted to serological investigations, 77.8% of herds was BVDV antibody positive. Individual animal status in two herds was further investigated collecting blood samples, the positive ratio was 49.74% and 24.64%, and the average positive ratio of calves, heifers, and lactating cows was 15.94%, 40.16%, and 41.7%, respectively. Moreover, clinical survey was carried out among 8170 dairy cattle from 36 herds, for diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems and reproductive failure, and pathogens of all clinical cattle were further investigated. The results showed that BVDV was one of the main pathogen, which infected animals combining with various other viruses. Then, nine BVDV strains were isolated; phylogenetic analysis showed that BVDV subtypes currently circulating in eastern China were BVDV 1a and BVDV 1c. In addition, out of 377 cows tested, the 1.86% detected positive to the BVDV antigen. This study provided the foundation of further study on vaccination and control strategies of BVDV in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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