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Lv X, Xie Z, Wang H, Lu G, Li M, Chen D, Lin T, Jiang C. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammation of Rhapontici Radix extract on mastitis via TMEM59 and GPR161. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118462. [PMID: 38942158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhapontici Radix ethanol extract (RRE) is derived from the dried root of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC belonging to the Asteraceae family. RRE exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the potential of RRE in mastitis treatment requires further investigation. AIM OF THIS STUDY This research was performed to examine the protective properties of RRE against mastitis and the mechanisms underlying the effects of RRE. MATERIAL AND METHODS RRE components were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and DPPH methods. Isochlorogenic acid B (ICAB) was obtained commercially. MTT assay was utilized to assess RRE or ICAB cytotoxicity in bovine mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells. Immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the pathological alterations in mammary tissue. The protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were analyzed using ELISA, and the expression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as p65 nuclear translocation, were analyzed through Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques, respectively. Target proteins of RRE were screened by RNA-seq and tandem mass tag analyses. Protein interaction was revealed and confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockdown and overexpression of target genes. RESULTS ICAB was revealed as one of the main components in RRE, and it was responsible for 84.33% of RRE radical scavenging activity. Both RRE and ICAB mitigated the infiltration of T lymphocytes in the mammary glands of mice, leading to decreased levels of inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and iNOS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MAC-T cells. Furthermore, RRE and ICAB suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor and p65, thereby impeding p65 nuclear translocation in mouse mammary glands and MAC-T cells. In addition, RRE and ICAB attenuated the LPS-triggered activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, p38, and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2. Importantly, co-treated with LPS and ICAB in MAC-T cells, an upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor 161 (GPR161) and transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) was observed; the interact between TMEM59 and was found, leading to inhibition of NF-κB activity and inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSION ICAB is a prominent antioxidant in RRE. RRE and ICAB reduce mammary inflammation via MAPK and NF-κB pathways and the interaction between TMEM59 and GPR161 mediates the control of ICAB in NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zihan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haolei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guicong Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Manman Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Chongqing Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 400062, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovative Development of Bamboo Fiber Nutrition, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 641000, China
| | - Caode Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Xu L, Li X, Yang X, Zhao Y, Niu J, Jiang S, Ma J, Zhang X. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Prophage Lysin against Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Molecules 2024; 29:3411. [PMID: 39064988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection can cause bovine mastitis and lead to huge economic losses for the dairy industry. The abuse of antibiotics has resulted in growing drug resistance of S. dysgalactiae, which causes hard-to-treat infections. Bacteriophage lysin, as a novel antibacterial agent, has great potential for application against drug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. However, few studies have been conducted on the prophage lysin of S. dysgalactiae. In this study, we mined a novel prophage lysin, named Lys1644, from a clinical S. dysgalactiae isolate by genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Lys1644 was expressed and purified, and the lytic activity, antibacterial spectrum, optimal pH and temperature, lytic activity in milk in vitro, and synergistic bacteriostasis with antibiotics were assessed. The Lys1644 prophage lysin showed high bacteriolysis activity specifically on S. dysgalactiae, which resulted in CFU 100-fold reduction in milk. Moreover, Lys1644 maintained high activity over a wide pH range (pH 5-10) and a wide temperature range (4-42 °C). Synergistic bacteriostatic experiments showed that the combination of low-dose Lys1644 (50 μg/mL) with a subinhibitory concentration of aminoglycoside antibiotics (kanamycin or spectinomycin) can completely inhibit bacterial growth, suggesting that the combination of Lys1644 and antibiotics could be an effective therapeutic strategy against S. dysgalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xingshuai Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xiangpeng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Jianrui Niu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Junfei Ma
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
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Akkou M, Titouche Y, Bentayeb L, Bes M, Laurent F, Ramdani-Bouguessa N. Risk factors for dairy cows mastitis in Algeria, antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of the causative Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2. [PMID: 38963470 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoption of a rational management in dairy farms would improve the milk quality and farmers' income. In the current study, we aimed to describe bovine mastitis in 32 dairy herds, identify the main cow- and herd-associated risk factors, and analyze both epidemiological along with molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infecting udders. Based on Californian Mastitis Test and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis in cows was 52.25% (116/222), of which 6.3% was clinical mastitis and 45.94% was subclinical mastitis. Overall, 218 (24.54%) quarters suffered from mastitis, whose 29.81% (65/218) infected with S. aureus. Mastitis was lowest in mid-lactation with OR = 0.371 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.141-0.976, and in cows separated from their calves (OR = 0.164, 95% CI 0.056-0.477) than suckler cows. Similar results were obtained from S. aureus related mastitis. To assess the genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates, we determined clonal complexes (CC) using DNA microarray hybridization profiles and performed spa typing. The strains were assigned to nine clonal complexes, and 19 spa types; with CC97 (44.77%), and CC22 (40.29%) were the most predominant lineages and t223 (40.29%), t7136 (10.44%), t359 (8.95%) and t267 (5.97%) were the most common spa types. A total of 88.05% (n = 59) isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic while only 4.47% were multi-drug resistant strains. Higher rates of resistance were observed for penicillin (86.5%) and tetracycline (14.9%) respectively. Our results show the need for adoption of feasible mastitis program with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria.
- Labotaory of Biology and Experimental Pharmacology, Yahia Farès University, Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Lamia Bentayeb
- Agro-food Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Xue Y, Gao Y, Guo M, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Xia L, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang H, Sun J, Wang Z, Yan Y. Phage cocktail superimposed disinfection: A ecological strategy for preventing pathogenic bacterial infections in dairy farms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118720. [PMID: 38537740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is mainly caused by bacterial infection that has a highly impact on dairy production, affecting both economic viability and animal well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted in dairy farms to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with BM. The analysis revealed that Staphylococcus (49%), Escherichia (16%), Pseudomonas (11%), and Klebsiella (6%) were the primary bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis. A significant proportion of Staphylococcus strains displayed multiple drug resistance. The use of disinfectants is an important conventional measure to control the pathogenic bacteria in the environment. Bacteriophages (Phages), possessing antibacterial properties, are natural green and effective disinfectants. Moreover, they mitigate the risk of generating harmful disinfection byproducts, which are commonly associated with traditional disinfection methods. Based on the primary bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis in the investigation area, a phage cocktail, named SPBC-SJ, containing seven phages capable of lysing S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was formulated. SPBC-SJ exhibited superior bactericidal activity and catharsis effect on pollutants (glass surface) compared to chemical disinfectants. Clinical trials confirmed that the SPBC-SJ-based superimposed disinfection group (phage combined with chemical disinfectants) not only cut down the dosage of disinfectants used, but significantly reduced total bacterial counts on the ground and in the feeding trough of dairy farms. Furthermore, SPBC-SJ significantly reduced the abundance of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the environment of the dairy farm. These findings suggest that phage-based superimposed disinfection is a promising alternative method to combat mastitis pathogens in dairy farms due to its highly efficient and environmentally-friendly properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Xue
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Lu Xia
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Yaxian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China.
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Jiang H, Xu J, Xu X, Wei J, Liu J, Qin C, Miao W, Li L, Song X, Liu Q, Cui K, Li Z. Revealing microbial diversity in buffalo milk with high somatic cell counts: implications for mastitis diagnosis and treatment. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10438-5. [PMID: 38874832 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that threatens the health of dairy animals. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used to monitor mastitis. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of microorganisms in buffalo milk with high somatic cell count (SCC ≥ 3 × 105 cells/mL, n = 30) and low somatic cell count (SCC ≤ 5 × 104 cells/mL, n = 10), and identify the dominant bacteria that cause mastitis in a local buffalo farm. We also investigated the potential method to treat bacterial mastitis. The V3-V4 region of 16 S rDNA was sequenced. Results showed that, compared to the milk with low SCC, the high SCC samples showed lower microbial diversity, but a high abundance of bacteria and operational taxonomic units (OTUs). By in vitro isolation and culture, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be the leading pathogens, which is consistent with the 16 S rDNA sequencing data. We further isolated 3 of the main pathogens and established a pathogen detection method based on ELISA. In addition, the antibacterial effects of 10 antimicrobials and 15 Chinese herbal extracts were also investigated. Results showed that the microbial has developed tolerance to several of the antimicrobials. While the water extracts of Chinese herbal medicine such as Galla Chinensis, Coptis chinensis Franch, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Sanguisorba officinalis L can effectively inhibit the growth of main pathogens. This study provides novel insight into the microbial diversity in buffalo milk and a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenhao Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Xinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Orozco RMQ, Oshiro KGN, Pinto IB, Buccini DF, Almeida CV, Marin VN, de Souza CM, Macedo MLR, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Employment of mastoparan-like peptides to prevent Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0007124. [PMID: 38629875 PMCID: PMC11112992 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00071-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a frequent infection in lactating cattle, causing great economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus represents the main etiological agent, which causes recurrent and persistent intramammary infections because conventional antibiotics are ineffective against it. Mastoparan-like peptides are multifunctional molecules with broad antimicrobial potential, constituting an attractive alternative. Nevertheless, their toxicity to host cells has hindered their therapeutic application. Previously, our group engineered three mastoparan-L analogs, namely mastoparan-MO, mastoparan-R1, and [I5, R8] MP, to improve cell selectivity and potential. Here, we were interested in comparing the antibacterial efficacy of mastoparan-L and its analogs against bovine mastitis isolates of S. aureus strains, making a correlation with the physicochemical properties and structural arrangement changes promoted by the sequence modifications. As a result, the analog's hemolytic and/or antimicrobial activity was balanced. All the peptides displayed α-helical folding in hydrophobic and membrane-mimetic environments, as determined by circular dichroism. The peptide [I5, R8] MP stood out for its enhanced selectivity and antibacterial features related to mastoparan-L and the other derivatives. Biophysical approaches revealed that [I5, R8] MP rapidly depolarizes the bacterial membrane of S. aureus, causing cell death by subsequent membrane disruption. Our results demonstrated that the [I5, R8] MP peptide could be a starting point for the development of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of bovine mastitis, with the advantage of no residue in milk, which would help reduce the use of classical antibiotics.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of mastitis, the world's most important dairy cattle disease. The multidrug resistance and zoonotic potential of S. aureus, besides the likelihood of antibiotic residues in milk, are of critical concern to public and animal health. Antimicrobial peptides offer a novel antimicrobial strategy. Here, we demonstrate that [I5, R8] MP is a potent and selective peptide, which acts on S. aureus by targeting the bacterial membrane. Therefore, understanding the physicochemical determinants and the modes of action of this class of antimicrobials opens novel prospects for peptide development with enhanced activities in the bovine mastitis context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Q. Orozco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karen G. N. Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ingrid B. Pinto
- Laboratório de Síntese e Transformações de Moléculas Orgânicas, Instituo de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Danieli F. Buccini
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudiane V. Almeida
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Valentina Nieto Marin
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurmann de Souza
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria L. R. Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Hao Z, Zhou G, Wen H, Su Q, Tong C, Yang X, Wang X. Forsythiaside A attenuates mastitis via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155358. [PMID: 38241916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is the most common animal production disease in the global dairy industry, which affects the health of dairy cows. When bovine mastitis occurs, the mitochondrial metabolism of breast tissue increases, and the relationship between inflammation and mitophagy has become a hot topic for many scholars. The abuse of antibiotics leads to the increase of resistance to bovine mastitis. FTA is one of the main effective components of Forsythia suspensa, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, anti-oxidation and anti-virus pharmacological effects, and has broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. However, the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of FTA and mitophagy is still unclear. PURPOSE This study mainly explores the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA in bovine mastitis and the relationship between mitophagy. METHODS MAC-T cells and wild-type mice were used to simulate the in vitro and in vivo response of mastitis. After the pretreatment with FTA, CsA inhibitors and siPINK1 were used to interfere with mitophagy, and the mitochondrial function impairment and the expression of inflammatory factors were detected. RESULTS It was found that pre-treatment with FTA significantly reduced LPS induced inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage, while promoting the expression of mitophagy related factors. However, after inhibiting mitophagy, the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA was inhibited. CONCLUSION This study is the first to suggest the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA and mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is one of the ways that FTA protects MAC-T cells from LPS-induced inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yingkui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Huaqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Guangwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Haojie Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China.
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Saeed SI, Kamaruzzaman NF, Gahamanyi N, Nguyen TTH, Hossain D, Kahwa I. Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:4. [PMID: 38418988 PMCID: PMC10900600 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often associated with antimicrobial misuse, the treatment of mastitis is becoming challenging with less alternative treatment options. Besides, biofilms formation and ability of mastitis-causing bacteria to enter and adhere within the cells of the mammary epithelium complicate the treatment of bovine mastitis. In this review article, we address the challenges in treating mastitis through conventional antibiotic treatment because of the rising AMR, biofilms formation, and the intracellular survival of bacteria. This review article describes different alternative treatments including phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phage therapy, and Graphene Nanomaterial-Based Therapy that can potentially be further developed to complement existing antimicrobial therapy and overcome the growing threat of AMR in etiologies of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
| | - Noel Gahamanyi
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical, P.O. Box 7162, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Delower Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, 26900, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e -Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh (UHB), Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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9
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Lyu CC, Ji XY, Che HY, Meng Y, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Zhang YH, Yuan B. CGA alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and milk fat reduction in BMECs through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25004. [PMID: 38317876 PMCID: PMC10838784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an easy clinical disease in dairy cows, which seriously affects the milk yield and quality of dairy cows. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic substance, is abundant in Eucommia ulmoides leaves and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Here, we explore whether CGA attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and decreased milk fat in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). 10 μg/mL LPS was used to induce mastitis in BMECs. QRT-PCR, Western blotting, oil red O staining, and triglyceride (TG) assay were used to examine the effects of CGA on BMECs, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CGA repaired LPS-induced inflammation in BMECs. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS was decreased, and the expression levels of CHOP, XCT, NRF2, and HO-1 were increased, which reduced the oxidative stress level of cells and alleviated the reduction of milk fat synthesis. In addition, the regulation of P65 phosphorylation by CGA suggests that CGA may exert its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study showed that CGA attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the decrease in milk fat content in BMECs by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao-Yu Che
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu Meng
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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10
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He Z, Li W, Yuan W, He Y, Xu J, Yuan C, Zhao C, Zhang N, Fu Y, Hu X. Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis by regulating oxytocin releasing and gut microbiota in mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23383. [PMID: 38197892 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301961r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most frequent disease of cows and has well-recognized detrimental effects on animal wellbeing and dairy farm profitability. With the advent of the postantibiotic era, alternative antibiotic agents, especially probiotics, have received increasing attention in the treatment of mastitis. Based on research showing that Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has anti-inflammatory effects, this study explored the protective effects and mechanisms of L. reuteri against mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in mice. First, mice with S. aureus-induced mastitis were orally administered L. reuteri, and the inflammatory response in the mammary gland was observed. The results showed that L. reuteri significantly inhibited S. aureus-induced mastitis. Moreover, the concentration of oxytocin (OT) and protein expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) were measured, and inhibition of OTR or vagotomy reversed the protective effect of L. reuteri or its culture supernatant (LCS) on S. aureus-induced mastitis. In addition, in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), OT inhibited the inflammation induced by S. aureus by inhibiting the protein expression of OTR. It was suggested that L. reuteri protected against S. aureus-induced mastitis by releasing OT. Furthermore, microbiological analysis showed that the composition of the microbiota was altered, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased in gut and mammary gland after treatment with L. reuteri or LCS. In conclusion, our study found the L. reuteri inhibited the mastitis-induced by S. aureus via promoting the release of OT, and treatment with L. reuteri increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in both gut and mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi He
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chongshan Yuan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Yan R, Ji Z, Fan J, Li J, Ren Y. Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Lactobacilli-Based Teat Detergents for the Microbiota of Cows Teats Using an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:103-115. [PMID: 37957117 PMCID: PMC10840472 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Teat cleaning pre- and post-milking is important for the overall health and hygiene of dairy cows. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a teat detergents based on lactic acid bacteria according to changes in somatic cell count and cow-milk metabolites. Sixty-nine raw milk samples were collected from 11 Holstein-Friesian cows in China during 12 days of teat cleaning. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic approach was applied to detect metabolomic differences after treatment with lactic acid bacteria and chemical teat detergents in cows with subclinical mastitis. The results suggest that the lactobacilli-based teat detergents could reduce somatic cell count and improve microhabitat of cow teat apex by adjusting the composition of metabolites. Furthermore, the somatic cell count could be decreased significantly within 10 days following the cleaning protocol. Lactic acid bacteria have the potential to be applied as a substitution to teat chemical detergents before and after milking for maintenance of healthy teats and breasts. Further, larger scale validation work is required to support the findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
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12
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Hu X, He Z, Zhao C, He Y, Qiu M, Xiang K, Zhang N, Fu Y. Gut/rumen-mammary gland axis in mastitis: Gut/rumen microbiota-mediated "gastroenterogenic mastitis". J Adv Res 2024; 55:159-171. [PMID: 36822391 PMCID: PMC10770137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland that results in huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The aetiology of mastitis is complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. It is commonly believed that mastitis is induced by pathogen infection of the mammary gland and induces a local inflammatory response. However, in the clinic, mastitis is often comorbid or secondary to gastric disease, and local control effects targeting the mammary gland are limited. In addition, recent studies have found that the gut/rumen microbiota contributes to the development of mastitis and proposed the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis. Combined with studies indicating that gut/rumen microbiota disturbance can damage the gut mucosa barrier, gut/rumen bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to distal extraintestinal organs. It is believed that the occurrence of mastitis is related not only to the infection of the mammary gland by external pathogenic microorganisms but also to a gastroenterogennic pathogenic pathway. AIM OF REVIEW We propose the pathological concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" and believe that the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway is the pathological mechanism of "gastroenterogennic mastitis". KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To clarify the concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" by summarizing reports on the effect of the gut/rumen microbiota on mastitis and the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway to provide a research basis and direction for further understanding and solving the pathogenesis and difficulties encountered in the prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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13
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Özkan H, Keçeli HH, Kaya U, Dalkiran S, Yüksel M, Tek E, Yakan A. Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13959. [PMID: 38769761 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Özkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Keçeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Sevda Dalkiran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Murat Yüksel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Erhan Tek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Akın Yakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
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14
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Ji Y, Zhao Z, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Song L, Ou H, Liu M, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Han W, Li X, Gu J. Potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative treatment strategy for mastitis infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9174-9185. [PMID: 37641240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout the world. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the environmental origin mastitis-causing pathogens. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics. Due to the negative impact of developing antibiotic resistance and adverse effects on soil and water environments, the trend toward use of nonantibiotic treatments is increasing. Phages may represent a promising alternative treatment strategy. However, it is unknown whether phages have therapeutic effects on E. faecalis-induced mastitis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the degree of protection conferred by a phage during murine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the milk of dairy cows with mastitis, and a phage was isolated using the E. faecalis isolates as hosts. The bactericidal ability of the phage against E. faecalis and the ability to prevent biofilm formation were determined in vitro. The therapeutic potential of the phage on murine mastitis was evaluated in vivo. We isolated 14 strains of E. faecalis from the milk of cows with mastitis, all of which exhibited multidrug resistance, and most (10/14) could form strong biofilms. Subsequently, a new phage (EF-N13) was isolated using the multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 (isolated from mastitic milk) as the host. The phage EF-N13 belongs to the family Myoviridae, which has short latent periods (5 min) and high bursts (284 pfu/cell). The genome of EF-N13 lacked bacterial virulence-, antibiotic resistance-, and lysogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, bacterial loading in the raw milk medium was significantly reduced by EF-N13 and was unaffected by potential IgG antibodies. In fact, EF-N13 could effectively prevent the formation of biofilm by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. All of these characteristics suggest that EF-N13 has potential as mastitis therapy. In vivo, 1 × 105 cfu/gland of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 resulted in mastitis development within 24 h. A single dose of phage EF-N13 (1 × 104, 1 × 105, or 1 × 106 pfu/gland) could significantly decrease bacterial counts in the mammary gland at 24 h postinfection. Histopathological observations demonstrated that treatment with phage EF-N13 effectively alleviated mammary gland inflammation and damage. This effect was confirmed by the lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mammary gland treated with phage EF-N13 compared with those treated with phosphate-buffered saline. Overall, the data underscored the potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative therapy for bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Liran Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongda Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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15
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Alessandri G, Sangalli E, Facchi M, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Donofrio G, Ventura M. Metataxonomic analysis of milk microbiota in the bovine subclinical mastitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad136. [PMID: 37880979 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is one of the most widespread diseases affecting dairy herds with detrimental effects on animal health, milk productivity, and quality. Despite its multifactorial nature, the presence of pathogenic bacteria is regarded one of the main drivers of subclinical mastitis, causing a disruption of the homeostasis of the bovine milk microbial community. However, bovine milk microbiota alterations associated with subclinical mastitis still represents a largely unexplored research area. Therefore, the species-level milk microbiota of a total of 75 milk samples, collected from both healthy and subclinical mastitis-affected cows from two different stables, was deeply profiled through an ITS, rather than a traditional, and less informative, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling. Surprisingly, the present pilot study not only revealed that subclinical mastitis is characterized by a reduced biodiversity of the bovine milk microbiota, but also that this disease does not induce standard alterations of the milk microbial community across stables. In addition, a flow cytometry-based total bacterial cell enumeration highlighted that subclinical mastitis is accompanied by a significant increment in the number of milk microbial cells. Furthermore, the combination of the metagenomic and flow cytometry approaches allowed to identify different potential microbial marker strictly correlated with subclinical mastitis across stables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Sangalli
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Facchi
- DVM Bovine Practitioner "Bergamo Veterinari" Group, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Via Nazario Sauro 3, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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16
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Zia S, Peng S, Bashir A, Kausar T, Khan SR, Muneer A, Nawaz A, Alnajjar LI, Saeed M, Alshammari N, Aqib AI, Li K. Resistance Modulation of Individual and Polymicrobial Culture of S. aureus and E. coli through Nanoparticle-Coupled Antibiotics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2988. [PMID: 38001988 PMCID: PMC10669891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial mastitis is now becoming very common in dairy animals, resulting in exaggerated resistance to multiple antibiotics. The current study was executed to find drug responses in individual and mixed Culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples, as well as to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tungsten oxide nanoparticles. These isolates (alone and in mixed culture) were further processed for their responses to antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. On the other hand, tungsten oxide WO3 (W) nanoparticles coupled with antibiotics (ampicillin, A, and oxytetracycline, O) were prepared through the chemical method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible techniques. The preparations consisting of nanoparticles alone (W) and coupled with ampicillin (WA) and oxytetracycline (WO) were tested against individual and mixed Culture through the well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The findings of the current study showed the highest resistance in E. coli was against penicillin (60%) and ampicillin (50%), while amikacin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were the most effective antibiotics. S. aureus showed the highest resistance against penicillin (50%), oxytetracycline (40%), and ciprofloxacin (40%), while, except for ampicillin, the sensitive strains of S. aureus were in the range of 40-60% against the rest of antibiotics. The highest zones of inhibition (ZOI) against mixed Culture were shown by imipenem and ampicillin, whereas the highest percentage decrease in ZOI was noted in cases of ciprofloxacin (-240%) and gentamicin (-119.4%) in comparison to individual Culture of S. aureus and E. coli. It was noteworthy that the increase in ZOI was not more than 38% against mixed Culture as compared to the individual Culture. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticle-coupled antibiotics compared to nanoparticles alone for individual and mixed-culture bacteria, while MICs in the case of mixed Culture remained consistently high throughout the trial. This study therefore concluded that diverse drug resistance was present in both individual and mixed-culture bacteria, whereas the application of tungsten oxide nanoparticle-coupled antibiotics proved to be an effective candidate in reversing the drug resistance in bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.Z.); (S.P.)
- Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 61300, Pakistan;
| | - Song Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Arslan Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan (S.R.K.)
| | - Tasleem Kausar
- Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 61300, Pakistan;
| | - Shanza Rauf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan (S.R.K.)
| | - Afshan Muneer
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Attia Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Lina I. Alnajjar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.Z.); (S.P.)
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17
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Suzuki N, Purba FY, Inagawa H, Hattori Y, Isobe N. Effects of oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pantoea agglomerans on innate immunity of mammary glands in dairy goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 265:110664. [PMID: 37918120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) on innate immune functions, including the concentrations of antimicrobial components and interleukin (IL)-10 in goat milk, for the prevention of goat mastitis. Twelve Tokara goats were divided into two groups of six goats. Goats in the LPSpa and control groups were orally administrated with 0.4 g/kg dextrin with or without 0.02 mg/kg LPSpa for 7 days (day 0-6), respectively. After treatment (i.e., day 7), 1 μg LPS from Escherichia coli O111 (LPSec) was infused into one side of the udder in both groups to induce mastitis. Milk from all sides of the udder, saliva, and feces were collected on days 0 and 7. After LPSec infusion into the udders, milk was collected from the infused side of the udder on days 8, 10, and 12. Milk yields and somatic cell counts were recorded during the examination period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in saliva, feces, and milk and the concentrations of lactoferrin, goat β defensin-1 (GBD1), S100A7, and IL-10 in milk were measured. After LPSpa oral administration, the concentrations of GBD-1 and IL-10 in the milk of the LPSpa group were significantly higher on day 7 than those in the control group, and the concentration of IgA in the feces tended to be higher than that in the control group. After LPSec intramammary infusion, S100A7 concentration on day 12 was significantly lower in the LPSpa group than in the control group. These findings suggest that the oral administration of LPSpa may prevent mastitis by increasing the concentration of GBD1 in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Fika Yuliza Purba
- Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan; Macrophi Inc., Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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18
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Zhao L, Jin L, Yang B. Diosmetin alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting SIRT1/GPX4 mediated ferroptosis. Life Sci 2023; 331:122060. [PMID: 37652155 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Microbial infection is the main factor that induces mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen associated with mastitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diosmetin on S. aureus-induced mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were divided into six groups: control group, S. aureus group, diosmetin (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) + S. aureus groups, and diosmetin (50 mg/kg) + S. aureus + EX-527 (10 mg/kg) group. S. aureus was injected into the mammary gland to establish a mouse mastitis model. Diosmetin was administered 1 h before S. aureus treatment. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that diosmetin significantly alleviated the pathological changes of mammary gland induced by S. aureus. Diosmetin alleviated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation. Moreover, diosmetin inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ levels induced by S. aureus. Diosmetin upregulated ATP, glutathione (GSH) production and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, which were decreased by S. aureus. Furthermore, the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was upregulated by diosmetin. In addition, the inhibitory effects of diosmetin on S. aureus-induced inflammation and ferroptosis were prevented by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the data indicated that diosmetin suppressed S. aureus-induced mastitis by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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19
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Wu F, Xie X, Du T, Jiang X, Miao W, Wang T. Lactococcus lactis, a bacterium with probiotic functions and pathogenicity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:325. [PMID: 37776350 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) is the primary organism for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and is a globally recognized safe microorganism for the regulation of the intestinal micro-ecological balance of animals and improving the immune performance of the host. L. lactis is known to play a commercially important role in feed fortification, milk fermentation, and vaccine production, but pathogenic L. lactis has been isolated from many clinical cases in recent years, such as the brain of silver carp with Lactococcosis, the liver and spleen of diseased waterfowl, milk samples and padding materials with cow mastitis, and blood and urine from human patients with endocarditis. In dairy farming, where L. lactis has been used as a probiotic in the past, however, some studies have found that L. lactis can cause mastitis in cows, but the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of mastitis in cows caused by L. lactis has become a new problem. The main objective of this review is to analyze the increasingly serious clinical mastitis caused by L. lactis and combined with the wide application of L. lactis as probiotics, to comprehensively discuss the characteristics and diversity of L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- Elanco (Shanghai)Animal Health Co, Ltd, No.1, Field Middle Road, Wusi Farm, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei Miao
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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20
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Zhao Y, Xu J, Zhao C, Bao L, Wu K, Feng L, Sun H, Shang S, Hu X, Sun Q, Fu Y. Phytosphingosine alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving the blood-milk barrier in mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106225. [PMID: 37419220 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the common diseases in dairy cows which threatens the health of cows and impacts on economic benefits seriously. Recent studies have been showed that Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) increased the susceptibility of cow mastitis. SARA leads the disturbance of the rumen microbiota, and the rumen bacterial disordered community is an important endogenous factor of cow mastitis. That is to say, cows which suffer from SARA have a disordered rumen microbiota, a prolonged decline in ruminal PH and a high level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rumen, blood. Therefore, ruminal metabolism is closely related to the rumen microbiota. However, the specific mechanism of SARA and mastitis still not clear. We found an intestinal metabolite according to the metabonomics, which is correlated to inflammation. Phytophingosine (PS), a product from rumen fluid and milk of the cows which suffer from SARA and mastitis. It has the effect of killing bacteria and anti-inflammatory. Emerging evidences indicate that PS can alleviate inflammatory diseases. However, how PS affects mastitis is largely unknown. In this study, we explored the concrete role of PS on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) -induced mastitis in mice. We found that PS obviously decreased the level of the proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, PS also significantly relieved the mammary gland inflammation caused by S. aureus and restored the function of the blood-milk barrier. Here, we showed that PS increased the expression of the classic Tight-junctions (TJs) proteins including ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-3. Moreover, PS improves S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. These data indicated that PS relieved S. aureus-induced mastitis effectively. This also provides a reference for exploring the correlation between the intestinal metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Lijuan Bao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Shan Shang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Qingsong Sun
- Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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21
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Lopes TS, Fussieger C, Theodoro H, Silveira S, Pauletti GF, Ely MR, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from bovine mastitis. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2427-2435. [PMID: 37340212 PMCID: PMC10485190 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes are pathogens frequently detected in bovine mastitis. Treatment and prevention of this disease have been usually carried on with antimicrobials. However, the emergence of bacterial isolates with antimicrobial resistance has aroused interest in new therapeutic alternatives. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been largely studied as antibacterial treatments. In the present study, EOs from five plants were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus and S. chromogenes. Bacterial isolates were obtained in a previous study of clinical cases of bovine mastitis. EOs from lemongrass, eucalyptus, lavender, peppermint, and thyme were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated for all EOs. The results demonstrated that citral (40.9%), myrcene (24.7%), and geraniol (1.9%) were detected in lemongrass EO; 1,8-cineole (76.9%), α-pinene (8.2%), and ledene (5.1%) in eucalyptus EO; 1,8-cineole (45.2%), camphor (18.2%), and fenchone (14.6%) in lavender EO; L-menthol (38.5%), menthofuran (16.3%), and citronellal (10.6%) in peppermint EO; and thymol (44.2%), p-cymene (24.6%) and 1,8-cineole (9.9%) in thyme EO. More effective antibacterial activities were observed only with the use of lemongrass (MIC and MBC ranging from 0.39 to 3.12 mg/mL and 0.39 to 6.35 mg/mL, respectively) and thyme (MIC and MBC ranging from 0.39 to 1.56 mg/mL and 0.39 to 3.12 mg/mL, respectively). Peppermint, lavender and eucalyptus EOs did not show bactericidal activities. In conclusion, lemongrass and thyme EOs are promising antibacterial alternatives against Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Silva Lopes
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fussieger
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Theodoro
- Department of Nutrition, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Simone Silveira
- Immunodiagnostic Laboratory, Universidade Do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rodovia Rovilho Bortoluzzi SC-480, Barro Preto, Xanxerê, (SC) CEP, 89820-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
- Laboratory of Studies of the Soil, Plant, and Atmosphere System and Plant Metabolism, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul (RS), CEP, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch Ely
- Laboratory of Applied Toxicology and Bioproducts, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul (RS), CEP, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Campus Sede, Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil.
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22
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Nale JY, McEwan NR. Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37627727 PMCID: PMC10451327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y. Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil R. McEwan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK;
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23
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Kour S, Sharma N, N B, Kumar P, Soodan JS, Santos MVD, Son YO. Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:449. [PMID: 37505854 PMCID: PMC10384116 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis causes huge economic losses to dairy farmers worldwide, which largely negatively affects the quality and quantity of milk. Mastitis decreases overall milk production, degrades milk quality, increases milk losses because of milk being discarded, and increases overall production costs due to higher treatment and labour costs and premature culling. This review article discusses mastitis with respect to its clinical epidemiology, the pathogens involved, economic losses, and basic and advanced diagnostic tools that have been used in recent times to diagnose mastitis effectively. There is an increasing focus on the application of novel therapeutic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy because of the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, issue of antibiotic residues in the food chain, food safety issues, and environmental impacts. This article also discussed nanoparticles'/chitosan's roles in antibiotic-resistant strains and ethno-veterinary practices for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savleen Kour
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Balaji N
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Soodan
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Marcos Veiga Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, Republic of Korea
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24
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Santos PR, Kraus RB, Ladeira SL, Pereira GM, Cunha KF, Palhares KE, Silva ACA, Dors GC, Lima HG, Cereser ND, Nascente PS. Resistance profile and biofilm production of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus spp. from dairy farms in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1217-1229. [PMID: 36811767 PMCID: PMC10235326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a high nutritional value food that helps in human development and growth. However, it can also harbor microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the resistance profile and pathogenicity factors of gram-positive cocci isolated from liners in milking rooms in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed for the identification. The following were isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (10), Enterococcus faecium (4), Staphylococcus intermedius (1), Streptococcus uberis (1), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1). The susceptibility of isolated microorganisms to eight antibiotics was evaluated according to CLSI, and the genus that proved to be resistant to most of those was Enterococcus. In addition, all 17 isolates were able to form biofilm, which remained viable after the use of neutral, alkaline and alkaline-chlorinated detergent. The only product that was effective against biofilm of all microorganisms was chlorhexidine 2%. The results obtained highlight the importance of pre- and post-dipping tests on dairy properties, in which chlorhexidine is one of the disinfectants used. As observed, products indicated for cleaning and descaling pipes were not effective on biofilms of the different species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Santos
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - R. B. Kraus
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - S. L. Ladeira
- Regional Laboratory of Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - G. M. Pereira
- Departament of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. F. Cunha
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. E. Palhares
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - A. C. A. Silva
- Campus Xapuri, Federal Institute of Acre, Xapuri, 78900-000 Brazil
| | - G. C. Dors
- Departament of Agribusiness Science and Technology, Eliseu Maciel College of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - H. G. Lima
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - N. D. Cereser
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - P. S. Nascente
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
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Gutiérrez-Reinoso MA, Uquilla JB, Guamaní JL, Caiza ÁE, Carrera RP, Garcia-Herreros M. Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050335. [PMID: 37235418 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious mastitis is the most prevalent health problem in dairy cattle that can result in permanent economic losses on dairy farms. The micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a biocompatible active polyphenolic compound derived from flavonoid glycosides which exhibits several antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and phlebotonic properties. The goal was to assess the effects of an alternative therapy for mastitis based on MPFF intramammary infusions in late lactation in dairy cows naturally infected by Staphylococcus spp. The California Mastitis Test (CMT scores) was performed to detect mastitis-positive quarters in twelve dairy farms. All cows were screened for immune response by measuring somatic cell counts (SCCs; cells/mL) in milk samples from each quarter. In addition, bacteriological identification, pathogenic bacterial isolates, and total bacterial counts (TBCs; CFU/mL) were assessed before (day 0, last milking day) and after (day 3 post-calving) MPFF application. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the pathogenic isolated bacteria were evaluated. Finally, cure rates (%) were determined for each MPFF treatment. Around 15 mastitis-related genera were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (25.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS; 22.4%) were the most prevalent pathogens. No statistical differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after low, medium, and high MPFF dose administration in S. aureus-positive mastitis cases (p > 0.05). However, differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after medium and high MPFF dose administration in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). The pathogenic bacteria isolate reduction after MPFF applications showed a dose-response fashion (p < 0.01) while isolates obtained from controls and low MPFF-treated quarters remained similar, irrespective of the pathogen (p > 0.05). Sensitivity patterns were variable, although S. aureus remained resistant, irrespective of the MPFF dose. However, CNS showed a dose-response sensitivity pattern. Finally, the cure rate (%) on day 3 post-partum improved significantly using medium and higher MPFF doses in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MPFF treatment was found to be more effective for CNS-positive cases in the late lactation due to noticeable dose-specific responses regarding somatic cells, bacterial counts, sensitivity patterns, and cure rates in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán (UdeC) 3780000, Chile
| | - José B Uquilla
- Departamento de Asesoría Ganadera, La Holandesa SAS, Quito 170179, Ecuador
| | - Jorge L Guamaní
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Ángel E Caiza
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Rocío P Carrera
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), 0501491 Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Garcia-Herreros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV, I.P.), Polo de Santarém, Quinta da Fonte Boa, 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
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Bogdanchikova N, Maklakova M, Villarreal-Gómez LJ, Nefedova E, Shkil NN, Plotnikov E, Pestryakov A. Revealing the Second and the Third Causes of AgNPs Property to Restore the Bacterial Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097854. [PMID: 37175561 PMCID: PMC10178359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem for public health. In our previous works, it was shown that the application of AgNPs in cow mastitis treatment increased S. aureus and S. dysgalactiae susceptibility to 31 antibiotics due to a decrease in the bacterial efflux effect. The aim of the present work was to shed light on whether the change in adhesive and anti-lysozyme activities caused by AgNPs also contribute to the restoration of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. In vivo sampling was performed before and after cow mastitis treatments with antibiotics or AgNPs. The isolates were identified, and the adhesive and anti-lysozyme activities were assessed. These data were compared with the results obtained for in vitro pre-treatment of reference bacteria with AgNPs or antibiotics. The present study revealed that bacterial treatments in vitro and in vivo with AgNPs: (1) decrease the bacterial ability to adhere to cells to start an infection and (2) decrease bacterial anti-lysozyme activity, thereby enhancing the activity of lysozyme, a natural "antibiotic" present in living organisms. The obtained data contribute to the perspective of the future application of AgNPs for recovering the activity of antibiotics rapidly disappearing from the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada 22800, BC, Mexico
| | - Maria Maklakova
- Facultad de Pedagogía e Innovación Educativa, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Av. Monclova Esq con Calle Río Mocorito S/n, Ex-Ejido Coahuila, Mexicali 21360, BC, Mexico
| | - Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Unidad Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana 22260, BC, Mexico
| | - Ekaterina Nefedova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Shkil
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii Plotnikov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research Institute, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Caneschi A, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A. Plant Essential Oils as a Tool in the Control of Bovine Mastitis: An Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083425. [PMID: 37110657 PMCID: PMC10141161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a major concern for the dairy cattle community worldwide. Mastitis, subclinical or clinical, can be caused by contagious or environmental pathogens. Costs related to mastitis include direct and indirect losses, leading to global annual losses of USD 35 billion. The primary treatment of mastitis is represented by antibiotics, even if that results in the presence of residues in milk. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock is contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in a limited resolution of mastitis treatments, as well as a serious threat for public health. Novel alternatives, like the use of plant essential oils (EOs), are needed to replace antibiotic therapy when facing multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies available on EOs and their main components as an antibacterial treatment against a variety of mastitis causing pathogens. There are many in vitro studies, but only several in vivo. Given the promising results of treatments with EOs, further clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caneschi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Che HY, Zhou CH, Lyu CC, Meng Y, He YT, Wang HQ, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Yuan B. Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043805. [PMID: 36835218 PMCID: PMC9962488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
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Liu P, Dong X, Cao X, Xie Q, Huang X, Jiang J, Dai H, Tang Z, Lin Y, Feng S, Luo K. Identification of Three Campylobacter Lysins and Enhancement of Their Anti-Escherichia coli Efficacy Using Colicin-Based Translocation and Receptor-Binding Domain Fusion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0451522. [PMID: 36749047 PMCID: PMC10100823 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04515-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, which poses a major threat to public health, has motivated the development of numerous alternative antimicrobials. Lysins are bacteriophage- and bacterium-derived peptidoglycan hydrolases that represent a new antibiotic treatment targeting bacterial cell walls. However, the bactericidal effect of native lysins on Gram-negative bacteria is restricted by the presence of an outer membrane. Here, we first evaluated the antibacterial activity of three Campylobacter-derived lysins (Clysins) against E. coli. To improve their transmembrane ability and antibacterial activities, six engineered Clysins were constructed by fusing with the translocation and receptor-binding (TRB) domains from two types of colicins (colicin A [TRBA] and colicin K [TRBK]), and their biological activities were determined. Notably, engineered lysin TRBK-Cly02 exhibited the highest bactericidal activity against the E. coli BL21 strain, with a reduction of 6.22 ± 0.34 log units of cells at a concentration of 60.1 μg/mL, and formed an observable inhibition zone even at a dose of 6.01 μg. Moreover, TRBK-Cly02 killed E. coli dose dependently and exhibited the strongest bactericidal activity at pH 6. It also exhibited potential bioactivity against multidrug-resistant E. coli clinical isolates. In summary, this study identified three lysins from Campylobacter strains against E. coli, and the enhancement of their antibacterial activities by TRB domains fusion may allow them to be developed as potential alternatives to antibiotics. IMPORTANCE Three lysins from Campylobacter, namely, Clysins, were investigated, and their antibacterial activities against E. coli were determined for the first time. To overcome the restriction of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, we combined the TRB domains of colicins with these Clysins. Moreover, we discovered that the Clysins fused with TRB domains from colicin K (TRBK) killed E. coli more effectively, and this provides a new foundation for the development of novel bioengineered lysins by employing TRBK constructs that target outer membrane receptor/transport systems. One of the designed lysins, TRBK-Cly02, exhibited potent bactericidal efficacy against E. coli strains and may be used for control of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. The results suggest that TRBK-Cly02 can be considered a potential antibacterial agent against pathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianmei Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijian Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Saeed SI, Vivian L, Zalati CWSCW, Sani NIM, Aklilu E, Mohamad M, Noor AAM, Muthoosamy K, Kamaruzzaman NF. Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:10. [PMID: 36641476 PMCID: PMC9840331 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S. aureus is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobials has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells. OBJECTIVES Here, the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based nanomaterial, was tested against the biofilms and intracellular S. aureus invitro. Following that, the mechanism for the intracellular antimicrobial activities and GO toxicities was elucidated. METHODS GO antibiofilm properties were evaluated based on the disruption of biofilm structure, and the intracellular antimicrobial activities were determined by the survival of S. aureus in infected bovine mammary cells following GO exposure. The mechanism for GO intracellular antimicrobial activities was investigated using endocytosis inhibitors. GO toxicity towards the host cells was assessed using a resazurin assay. RESULTS At 100 ug/mL, GO reduced between 30 and 70% of S. aureus biofilm mass, suggesting GO's ability to disrupt the biofilm structure. At 200 ug/mL, GO killed almost 80% of intracellular S. aureus, and the antimicrobial activities were inhibited when cells were pre-treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were dependent on the actin-polymerization of the cell membrane. At < 250 ug/mL, GO enhanced the viability of the Mac-T cell, and cells were only affected at higher dosages. CONCLUSION The in vitro efficacy of GO against S. aureus in vitro suggested the compound could be further tested in Vivo to zrecognize its potential as one of the components of bovine mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia ,grid.442411.60000 0004 0447 7033Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, South Darfur State Sudan
| | - Liang Vivian
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - C. W. Salma C. W. Zalati
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Nani Izreen Mohd Sani
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Erkihun Aklilu
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohamad
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - An’ Amt Mohamed Noor
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17700 Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Kasturi Muthoosamy
- grid.440435.20000 0004 1802 0472Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
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Cuccato M, Divari S, Sacchi P, Girolami F, Cannizzo FT. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling of bovine skim milk for subclinical mastitis detection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009928. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMastitis is one of most impacting health issues in bovine dairy farming that reduces milk yield and quality, leading to important economic losses. Subclinical forms of the disease are routinely monitored through the measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological tests. However, their identification can be tricky, reducing the possibilities of early treatments. In this study, a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry approach was applied to milk samples collected from cows classified according to the SCC, to identify differences in polypeptide/protein profiles.Materials and methodsTwenty-nine raw milk samples with SCC >200,000 cell/ml (group H) and 91 samples with SCC lower than 200,000 (group L) were randomly collected from 12 dairy farms. Spectral profiles from skim milk were acquired in the positive linear mode within the 4,000–20,000 m/z mass acquisition range.Results and discussionBased on signal intensity, a total of 24 peaks emerged as significant different between the two groups. The most discriminant signals (4,218.2 and 4,342.98 m/z) presented a ROC curve with AUC values higher than 0.8. Classification algorithms (i.e., quick classifier, genetic algorithm, and supervised neural network) were applied for generating models able to classify new spectra (i.e., samples) into the two classes. Our results support the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling as a tool to detect mastitic milk samples and to potentially discover biomarkers of the disease. Thanks to its rapidity and low-cost, such method could be associated with the SCC measurement for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
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Park S, Jung D, Altshuler I, Kurban D, Dufour S, Ronholm J. A longitudinal census of the bacterial community in raw milk correlated with Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis infections in dairy cattle. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:59. [PMID: 36434660 PMCID: PMC9701008 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cattle. Optimizing the bovine mammary gland microbiota to resist S. aureus colonization is a growing area of research. However, the details of the interbacterial interactions between S. aureus and commensal bacteria, which would be required to manipulate the microbiome to resist infection, are still unknown. This study aims to characterize changes in the bovine milk bacterial community before, during, and after S. aureus CM and to compare bacterial communities present in milk between infected and healthy quarters. METHODS We collected quarter-level milk samples from 698 Holstein dairy cows over an entire lactation. A total of 11 quarters from 10 cows were affected by S. aureus CM and milk samples from these 10 cows (n = 583) regardless of health status were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS The milk microbiota of healthy quarters was distinguishable from that of S. aureus CM quarters two weeks before CM diagnosis via visual inspection. Microbial network analysis showed that 11 OTUs had negative associations with OTU0001 (Staphylococcus). A low diversity or dysbiotic milk microbiome did not necessarily correlate with increased inflammation. Specifically, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Aerococcus urinaeequi were each abundant in milk from the quarters with low levels of inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results show that the udder microbiome is highly dynamic, yet a change in the abundance in certain bacteria can be a potential indicator of future S. aureus CM. This study has identified potential prophylactic bacterial species that could act as a barrier against S. aureus colonization and prevent future instances of S. aureus CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Park
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Dongyun Jung
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ianina Altshuler
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daryna Kurban
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Zong W, Zhang T, Chen B, Lu Q, Cao X, Wang K, Yang Z, Chen Z, Yang Y. Emerging roles of noncoding micro RNAs and circular RNAs in bovine mastitis: Regulation, breeding, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1048142. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most troublesome and costly problems in the modern dairy industry, which is not only difficult to monitor, but can also cause economic losses while having significant implications on public health. However, efficacious preventative methods and therapy are still lacking. Moreover, new drugs and therapeutic targets are in increasing demand due to antibiotic restrictions. In recent years, noncoding RNAs have gained popularity as a topic in pathological and genetic studies. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that they play a role in regulating various biological processes and developing novel treatment platforms. In light of this, this review focuses on two types of noncoding RNAs, micro RNAs and circular RNAs, and summarizes their characterizations, relationships, potential applications as selection markers, diagnostic or treatment targets and potential applications in RNA-based therapy, in order to shed new light on further research.
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Neculai-Valeanu AS, Ariton AM. Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:608. [PMID: 36354519 PMCID: PMC9687184 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To maximize milk production, efficiency, and profits, modern dairy cows are genetically selected and bred to produce more and more milk and are fed copious quantities of high-energy feed to support ever-increasing milk volumes. As demands for increased milk yield and milking efficiency continue to rise to provide for the growing world population, more significant stress is placed on the dairy cow's productive capacity. In this climate, which is becoming increasingly hotter, millions of people depend on the capacity of cattle to respond to new environments and to cope with temperature shocks as well as additional stress factors such as solar radiation, animal crowding, insect pests, and poor ventilation, which are often associated with an increased risk of mastitis, resulting in lower milk quality and reduced production. This article reviews the impact of heat stress on milk production and quality and emphasizes the importance of udder health monitoring, with a focus on the use of emergent methods for monitoring udder health, such as infrared thermography, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices, which may promote animal health and welfare, as well as the quality and safety of dairy products, without hindering the technological flow, while providing significant benefits to farmers, manufacturers, and consumers.
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Ji Q, Zhang M, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Lu X, Bai L, Wang M, Bao L, Hao H, Wang Z. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on inflammatory responses induced by Staphylococcus aureus and milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105726. [PMID: 35995255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major mastitis-causing pathogen in dairy cows. Dairy cows with mastitis suffer from a decrease in milk yield and protein content. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of CGA with regard to its anti-inflammatory effects and evaluated its protective function in milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were cultured with and without infection by S. aureus and CGA, and extracellular inflammatory cytokines and amino acids in the medium and milk proteins were determined by ELISA. The function of IL-10RA in anti-inflammatory processes and of SF-1 in milk protein synthesis was assessed by gene silencing. The activity of mTORC1, NF-κB, and STAT5 was examined by western blot. S. aureus caused intracellular infection and upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, whereas uptake of amino acids and milk protein synthesis were suppressed. CGA mitigated the S. aureus-induced inflammatory response and milk protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. CGA alleviated S. aureus-induced inhibition of mTORC1 and STAT5 and upregulated IL-10 and IL-10RA. In addition, SF-1 was predicted to be a transcription factor of the milk protein-encoding genes α-LA, β-LG, and CSN2. S. aureus downregulated SF-1 and CGA reversed the decline in milk protein synthesis due to SF-1 knockdown. Thus, CGA mitigates the inflammatory response that is induced by S. aureus and protects the uptake of amino acids and milk protein synthesis in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jining Normal University, Jining, 012000, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Linfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Manshulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Lili Bao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
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Li Z, Hu J, Wang X, Du Y, Yin J, Gao J, Han B, Cui S, Liu Y, Liu J. Effects of Artemisinin on Escherichia coli–Induced Mastitis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells and Mice. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080381. [PMID: 35893774 PMCID: PMC9330913 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine mastitis is a persistent and inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue that is usually caused by microbial infection, which can result in substantial losses due to reduced milk yield. Escherichia coli is considered a causative environmental pathogen and has been reported as a common cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. Because of its pathogenicity, Escherichia coli is always an important problem to the dairy industry worldwide and also poses a threat to food safety and public health, and with the widespread use of antibiotics, the resistance of Escherichia coli is increasing. Despite considerable research on bovine mastitis, the disease still remains one of the most prevalent and costly diseases of the dairy industry. The need to control mastitis is driven by multiple considerations, including milk quality, reductions in antimicrobial use, and animal welfare. Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug that was developed from a Chinese traditional herb, Qinghao. In recent years, other effects of artemisinin (including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, etc.) have been increasingly discovered and applied. In this study, we demonstrated that artemisinin possesses a protective effect toward Escherichia coli–induced mastitis, thus providing a practical approach for the clinical control of mastitis. Abstract Bovine mastitis is an important disease affecting dairy farming, and it causes large economic losses to the dairy industry. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered to be a causative environmental pathogen and frequently enters into mammary glands, causing inflammation. Artemisinin is a highly effective malaria remedy and is not easy to develop drug resistance to. In recent years, other effects of artemisinin (including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, etc.) have been increasingly discovered and applied. The current study aimed to investigate whether artemisinin could attenuate E. coli–induced inflammation. Through the E. coli mastitis model in MAC-T cells and mice, the protective effects of artemisinin were analyzed by CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8), Western blot, and RT-qPCR. The results showed that artemisinin reversed the decrease of cell viability and upregulated TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4)/NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase)/p38 signaling pathways, as well as restrained the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA caused by E. coli. Meanwhile, artemisinin also alleviated mammary tissue damage, reduced inflammatory cells’ infiltration, and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors in a mice mastitis model. This study demonstrated that artemisinin alleviated the inflammatory response of mouse mastitis and MAC-T cells induced by E. coli, thus providing a practical approach for the clinical control of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.L.); (J.H.); (X.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.L.); (J.H.); (X.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.L.); (J.H.); (X.W.); (Y.D.)
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yongzhen Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.L.); (J.H.); (X.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jinhua Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (B.H.)
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (B.H.)
| | - Shuai Cui
- Modern Animal Husbandry Development Service Center of Dongying City, Dongying 257091, China;
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Z.L.); (J.H.); (X.W.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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Casseri E, Bulut E, Llanos Soto S, Wemette M, Stout A, Greiner Safi A, Lynch R, Moroni P, Ivanek R. Understanding Antibiotic Resistance as a Perceived Threat towards Dairy Cattle through Beliefs and Practices: A Survey-Based Study of Dairy Farmers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11080997. [PMID: 35892387 PMCID: PMC9330383 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use is an important component in dairy herd management both to treat bacterial diseases and to maximize animal welfare. However, there is concern among scientists that antibiotic misuse and/or overuse by farmers might promote the emergence of resistant pathogens. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study with dairy farmers/managers in New York, USA to evaluate their (i) level of concern about antibiotic resistance and (ii) interest in adopting new judicious antibiotic use practices regarding mastitis treatment. A total of 118 responses were subjected to statistical analysis. The findings revealed that nearly half (45%) of study participants were undecided or disagreed that antibiotic resistance due to antibiotic use in dairy farming may negatively impact the health of dairy cattle. In contrast, the majority (78%) of participants self-reported that they do not treat with antibiotics at the first sign of mastitis, and the majority (66%) have either fully or partially implemented culture-based mastitis treatment on their farm. The self-reported adoption of culture-based mastitis treatment practices was statistically significantly associated with higher numbers of injectable and intramammary doses of antibiotics used on the participants' farms. These findings will aid future research investigations on how to promote sustainable antibiotic use practices in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Casseri
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ece Bulut
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Sebastian Llanos Soto
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Michelle Wemette
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Alison Stout
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Amelia Greiner Safi
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Department of Communication, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Robert Lynch
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (E.B.); (S.L.S.); (M.W.); (A.S.); (P.M.); (R.I.)
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Goulart DB, Mellata M. Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928346. [PMID: 35875575 PMCID: PMC9301288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry across the world. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (MPEC) is one of the main etiologic agents of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. MPEC strains have virulence attributes to resist the host innate defenses and thrive in the mammary gland environment. The association between specific virulence factors of MPEC with the severity of mastitis in cattle is not fully understood. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis has resulted in antimicrobial resistance to all major antibiotic classes in MPEC. A thorough understanding of MPEC’s pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to develop better interventions to reduce mastitis incidence and prevalence in cattle and the environment. This review compiles important information on mastitis caused by MPEC (e.g., types of mastitis, host immune response, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease) as well as the current knowledge on MPEC virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and the dilemma of MPEC as a new pathotype. The information provided in this review is critical to identifying gaps in knowledge that will guide future studies to better design diagnostic, prevent, and develop therapeutic interventions for this significant dairy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Débora Brito Goulart,
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Melha Mellata,
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Acero Plazas VM, Pulido Delgado EY, Gil Tibocha DM, Arenas Suárez NE. Evaluación de la administración de medicamentos veterinarios en hatos lecheros de quince municipios de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v24n4.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Evaluar el conocimiento en el uso de Medicamentos de Uso Veterinario (MUV) de los productores ganaderos y personal involucrado en Bogotá y municipios aledaños.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de entrevistas a operarios y productores ganaderos de una muestra de 30 hatos lecheros localizados en 15 municipios cerca de Bogotá, Cundinamarca.
Resultados Se identificó la implementación de prácticas para la administración de MUV, incluyendo parámetros que influencian su administración y conocimientos en las personas que los prescriben y administran. Se encontró que los medicamentos de mayor frecuencia fueron los antimicrobianos con 60,7%, entre los cuales se destaca el uso de penicilina y oxitetraciclina. Los MUV inyectables (parenterales) fueron las formas más frecuentes de aplicación con un 64,7%. Se identificaron 251 MUV en los hatos lecheros, de los cuales el 81,3% están compuestos por principios activos que requieren tiempo de retiro en leche y carne. Se destaca el rol del mayordomo en el cuidado animal a nivel diagnóstico y administración del tratamiento.
Conclusión El presente estudio sugiere que el uso de MUV es implementado empíricamente en producciones lecheras y podría contribuir a mediano y largo plazo a la emergencia de cepas con resistencia a MUV.
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in East Coast Malaysia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131680. [PMID: 35804578 PMCID: PMC9264977 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S. aureus is the pathogen that is commonly associated with subclinical mastitis, causing significant economic losses to dairy farms. This infection responds poorly to antimicrobial treatment, which could be due to the development of AMR, biofilm formation, and the intracellular invasion of S. aureus into bovine mammary cells leading to treatment failure. Thus, it is important to understand the challenge of this problem. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in East Coast Malaysia. A total of 235 milk samples from dairy cows were collected from selected farms in Kelantan and Pahang. The samples were subjected to a somatic cell analysis to identify subclinical mastitis, followed by bacteria isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The isolated S. aureus were further analyzed for their ability to form biofilms and invade the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) in in vitro infections modeling using a gentamicin protection assay. The overall total of 74/235 (31.4%; 95% CI = 0.31; 0.32) of the milk samples demonstrated >200,000 somatic cells/mL, suggesting the presence of subclinical mastitis in the animals. A total of 39/235 (16.5%; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.17) of the milk samples harbored S. aureus which demonstrated resistance towards the following antimicrobials: penicillin (18/39, 46%), ampicillin (17/39, 43.6%), oxacillin (12/39, 31%), tetracycline (10/39, 26%), and erythromycin (7/39, 18%). AMR was recorded for a total of (17/39, 43.6%) of S. aureus isolates. All isolates formed biofilms, with (8/30, 27%) strongly biofilm-forming, (18/30, 60%) moderately biofilm-forming, and the remaining (4/30, 13%) of isolates weakly biofilm-forming. Interestingly, the AMR isolates appear to produce weak and moderate biofilm. Moreover, (6/20, 30%) of the S. aureus isolates were invasive towards MAC-T cells, as indicated by their ability to evade gentamicin treatment. The study demonstrated the presence of AMR, invasiveness, and biofilm formation in S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical mastitis. This characteristic presents additional challenges to existing antimicrobial therapy.
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Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ocimum tenuiflorum Ethanolic Extract against Major Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040510. [PMID: 35453261 PMCID: PMC9029753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most prevalent global illness affecting dairy cows. This bacterial infection damages and inflames the udder tissues. Several plant extracts have demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activities with standard drugs in mastitis treatment. Scant information exists on Ocimum tenuiflorum L. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of O. tenuiflorum extract and its interaction with antibacterial drugs against common mastitis pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells were also studied. The O. tenuiflorum extract exhibited antibacterial activities against S. aureus, CNS, and S. agalactiae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 3.9 to 31.2 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 15.6 to 500 µg/mL. Combinations of O. tenuiflorum with penicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid showed synergistic effects against all tested strains but an additive effect with cefazolin and gentamicin. Pretreatment of the extract significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory molecules (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2) generated by LPS in macrophages. Results suggested O. tenuiflorum effectiveness against various Gram-positive mastitis bacteria, with the potential to reduce antibacterial doses and combat inflammation.
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Bikheet MM, Mahmoud ME, Yassien EE, Hassan HM. Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from some fermented dairy products on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11790-11800. [PMID: 34553279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current research was performed to evaluate the potential protective effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, and silymarin in the alleviation of health (hepatic and renal) complications caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Healthy sixty albino rats were divided into six groups, the first group was control (negative), the second group (control positive) was injected CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 1:1 v/v paraffin oil mixture, i.p. every third day for 8 weeks), the third group (CCl4 + silymarin group) receiving both CCl4 and daily silymarin therapy (50 mg/kg, oral), and the fourth group: CCl4 + Lactobacillus paracasei (1 ml orally). The fifth group (CCl4 + Pediococcus acidilactici 1 ml orally) and the sixth group (CCl4 + Lactococcus lactis 1 ml orally) for 8 weeks per day. Biochemical markers were tested for blood, liver, and kidney tissue. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney tissues was performed. The findings obtained have shown that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis improved the disrupted biochemical parameters caused by CCl4 therapy. Besides, the findings of the histopathology are in consistent with biochemical parameters and the protective ability of lactic acid bacteria suggesting that the best lactic acid bacteria were Pediococcus acidilactici that helped strengthen liver fibrosis caused by CCl4 therapy, while the best bacterium for improving renal damage was Lactococcus lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Bikheet
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman E Yassien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Ali A, Ijaz M, Khan YR, Sajid HA, Hussain K, Rabbani AH, Shahid M, Naseer O, Ghaffar A, Naeem MA, Zafar MZ, Malik AI, Ahmed I. Role of nanotechnology in animal production and veterinary medicine. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:508. [PMID: 34626253 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the discipline and technology of small and specific things that are < 100 nm in size. Because of their extremely miniscule size, any changes in their chemical and physical structure may show higher reactivity and solubility than larger particles. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in every field of life. It is considered one of the most bleeding edge field of scientific research. It has already several applications in a myriad of disciplines while its application in the field of animal production and veterinary medicine is still experimental in nature. But, in recent years, the role of nanotechnology in the aforementioned fields of scientific inquiry has shown great progress. These days, nanotechnology has been employed to revolutionize drug delivery systems and diagnose atypical diseases. Applications of nanoparticle technology in the field of animal reproduction and development of efficacious vaccines have been at the forefront of scientific endeavors. Additionally, their impacts on meat and milk quality are also being judiciously inquired in recent decades. Veterinary nanotechnology has great potential to improve diagnosis and treatment, and provide new tools to this field. This review focuses on some noteworthy applications of nanoparticles in the field of animal production and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Razzaq Khan
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hina Afzal Sajid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Hamza Rabbani
- Department of Surgery, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Surgery, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Omer Naseer
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, KBCMA, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anas Naeem
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Zafar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Iftikhar Malik
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota and epigenetics: promising therapeutic approaches? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49343-49361. [PMID: 34319520 PMCID: PMC8316543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct/indirect responsibility of the gut microbiome in disease induction in and outside the digestive tract is well studied. These results are usually from the overpopulation of certain species on the cost of others, interaction with beneficial microflora, interference with normal epigenetic control mechanisms, or suppression of the immune system. Consequently, it is theoretically possible to cure such disorders by rebalancing the microbiome inside our bodies. This can be achieved by changing the lifestyle pattern and diet or by supplementation with beneficial bacteria or their metabolites. Various approaches have been explored to manipulate the normal microbial inhabitants, including nutraceutical, supplementations with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, or through microbiome transplantation (fecal, skin, or vaginal microbiome transplantation). In the present review, the interaction between the microbiome and epigenetics and their role in disease induction is discussed. Possible future therapeutic approaches via the reestablishment of equilibrium in our internal micro-ecosystem are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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