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Nahal A, Ben Said M. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Piroplasma spp. Infection and Co-infection with Anaplasma marginale in Domestic Ruminants from Algeria. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:135-151. [PMID: 38157135 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis stand out as the primary diseases affecting livestock during periods of tick activity. These vector-borne diseases continue to emerge worldwide, exerting a detrimental impact on both animal health and national economies. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of Piroplasma spp. and its co-occurrence with Anaplasma marginale in domestic ruminants in Algeria. METHODS Three databases were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies for the final meta-analysis, following the PRISMA statement. The 'meta' package in the R software was employed for the meta-analysis with the random effects model chosen for data pooling. RESULTS The meta-analysis encompasses 14 research papers spanning a 19-year period (2004-2023). Theileria spp. was identified in all studies, covering 1675 cattle, 190 sheep, and 128 goats, yielding an overall Theileria infection rate of 45% (95% CI 26-65%). Specifically, cattle had a 59% infection rate, while sheep and goats had rates of 18% and 20%, respectively. Babesia spp. was found in nine studies, involving 1183 cattle and 190 sheep, resulting in an overall Babesia infection rate of 7% (95% CI 4-15%), with cattle and sheep having rates of 10% and 3%, respectively. Notably, eight Piroplasma species T. annulata, T. orientalis, T. buffeli, T. equi, Theileria sp., B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. occultans were detected in cattle, with T. annulata being the most prevalent at 54%. Regional disparities and host factors also impacted infection rates, with higher rates in Northeastern Algeria and among suspected disease cattle. Additionally, gender, age, and breed influenced cattle susceptibility to Theileria infection. Furthermore, six distinct co-infections between Piroplasma spp. and A. marginale were observed, with T. annulata/A. marginale identified in six studies, demonstrating an 8.3% co-infection rate. CONCLUSION This analysis offers crucial insights into the current status of Piroplasmosis and its co-infection with A. marginale in Algerian domestic ruminants, providing valuable data for surveillance and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nahal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Chadli Bendjedid University- El-Tarf, B.P 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria.
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
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Selim A, Alshammari A, Gattan HS, Marzok M, Salem M, Al-Jabr OA. Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in Egypt: a serosurvey and associated risk factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15489. [PMID: 37726382 PMCID: PMC10509273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum (N. caninum) is one of the causative agents that causing cattle abortion, and severe economic losses. Due to the scarcity of data on N. caninum infection in Egyptian cattle, the purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and determine the risk factors for parasite infection. In four governorates in northern Egypt, 540 blood samples from cattle were taken, and tested using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum in examined cattle was 28.89%. A multivariate logistic regression model determined that age (OR = 2.63, P < 0.001), manual milking (OR = 1.39, P = 0.14), abortion history (OR = 2.78, P < 0.0001), repetition of estrus (OR = 2.31, P < 0.0001), and contact with dogs (OR = 2.57, P < 0.0001) were significant risk factors. The findings proved that N. caninum infection was one of the factors contributing to abortion and financial losses in dairy cattle in Egypt. Therefore, the application of sanitary security and control programs is very important in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Omar A Al-Jabr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al-Asha, Saudi Arabia
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Selim A, Marzok M, Alkashif K, Kandeel M, Salem M, Sayed-Ahmed MZ. Bluetongue virus infection in cattle: serosurvey and its associated risk factors. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:285. [PMID: 37540299 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-borne virus that primarily affects sheep. However, the disease is usually asymptomatic in cattle without obvious clinical signs related to BTV infection. Although there is evidence of BTV antibodies through serology in Egypt, it is still unknown whether Egyptian cattle have ever been exposed to the virus in the north or south of the country. The study's aims were to determine the seroprevalence of BTV and evaluate the potential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in Egypt. We used a competitive ELISA to screen 690 healthy cattle for BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in four governorates in Egypt. A total seroprevalence of BTV antibodies in examined cattle was 51.47%, 95%CI: 48.01-55.45. The odds of BTV seropositivity were higher in Aswan (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 0.71-2.36), females (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 1.87-5.79), and elder cattle >8 years (OR=12.91, 95%CI: 6.63-25.13). Moreover, cattle contacted with other animals (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 0.94-2.10), with history of abortion (OR=4.88, 95%CI: 3.14-7.59), and those living with presence of insects (OR=12.34, 95%CI: 8-19.30) were more likely to be infected with bluetongue (BT). To effectively predict and respond to a potential BTV outbreak in Egypt, surveillance for BTV infection should be expanded to cover other susceptible ruminants and the range of the insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Asha, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Khalid Alkashif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 82722, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Asha, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Selim A, Marawan MA, Abdelhady A, Alshammari FA, Alqhtani AH, Ba-Awadh HA, Olarinre IO, Swelum AA. Coxiella burnetii and its risk factors in cattle in Egypt: a seroepidemiological survey. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:29. [PMID: 36721142 PMCID: PMC9887742 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal production is greatly affected by Q fever. As a result of a lack of methodology and financial means to perform extensive epidemiological surveys, the disease's underdiagnosis has proven to be a challenge for effective control. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle raising in four governorates situated at Nile Delta of Egypt and assess the associated risk factors for infection. A total of 480 serum samples were collected from cattle and examined for presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies using indirect ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii among examined cattle was 19.8%, with the Qalyubia governorate having the highest prevalence. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between C. burnetii seropositivity and age, communal grazing and/or watering, contact with small ruminants and history of infertility. According to the findings of this work, C. burnetii is circulating among cattle living in Nile Delta. It is suggested that adequate hygiene procedures and biosecurity measures should be implemented to limit the transmission of pathogens within cow herds and potential human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Marawan
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Abdelhamed Abdelhady
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
- grid.449533.c0000 0004 1757 2152Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts-RAFHA, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A. Ba-Awadh
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka O. Olarinre
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Moustafa S, Zakaria I, Moustafa A, AboSakaya R, Selim A. Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of Clostridium perfringens infections in lambs. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Telionis A, Lahmers K, Todd M, Carbonello A, Broaddus CC, Bissett CJ, Hungerford LL. Distribution of Theileria orientalis in Virginia Market Cattle, 2018-2020. Pathogens 2022; 11:1353. [PMID: 36422604 PMCID: PMC9695988 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria orientalis, genotype Ikeda, was recently detected in North America. Determining the emerging distribution of this pathogen is critical for understanding spread and developing management strategies. Whole blood samples were collected from cattle at Virginia livestock markets from September 2018 through December 2020. Animals were tested for T. orientalis using a universal and then genotype specific real-time PCR based on the MPSP gene. Prevalence for each genotype was analyzed for temporal trends and mapped by county. Spatial patterns were compared between genotypes and assessed for associations with habitat features, cattle movements through cattle markets and county proximity. Overall, 212 of 1980 samples tested positive for T. orientalis with an overall prevalence of 8.7% (172/1980) for genotype Ikeda, 1.8% (36/1980) for genotype Chitose, 0.2% (3/1980) for genotype Buffeli. The Ikeda genotype increased over time in northern and southwestern Virginia markets. The Ikeda and Chitose genotypes occurred in different regions, with little overlap, but for each genotype, spatial distribution was associated with a combination of cattle movements and environmental factors. Genotype specific qPCR testing and surveillance of cattle from across a wide area of Virginia are providing information on temporal, spatial, and other patterns for this emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Telionis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Kevin Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Michelle Todd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Amanda Carbonello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services (ViTALS), Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Charles C. Broaddus
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Carolynn J. Bissett
- Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Laura L. Hungerford
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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