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Trickey A, Johnson LF, Bonifacio R, Kiragga A, Howard G, Biraro S, Wagener T, Low A, Vickerman P. Investigating the Associations between Drought, Poverty, High-Risk Sexual Behaviours, and HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04280-8. [PMID: 38374246 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the likelihood of drought in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is high. Drought could increase HIV transmission through various mediating mechanisms; we investigated these associations. We used data on people aged 15-59 from Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys from 2016 in Eswatini, Lesotho, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Survey data were geospatially linked to precipitation data for 2014-2016, with local droughts defined as cumulative rainfall between 2014 and 2016 being in < 15th percentile of all 2-year periods over 1981-2016. Using multivariable logistic regression, stratified by sex and rural/urban residence, we examined associations between (a) drought and poverty, (b) wealth quintiles and sexual behaviours (transactional, high-risk, and intergenerational sex), (c) sexual behaviours and recently acquiring HIV, and (d) drought and recent HIV. Among 102,081 people, 31.5% resided in areas affected by drought during 2014-2016. Experiencing drought was positively associated with poverty for women and men in rural, but not urban, areas. For each group, increasing wealth was negatively associated with transactional sex. For rural women, intergenerational sex was positively associated with wealth. Women reporting each sexual behaviour had higher odds of recent HIV, with strong associations seen for high-risk sex, and, for urban women, intergenerational sex, with weaker associations among men. Women in rural areas who had been exposed to drought had higher odds of having recently acquired HIV (2.10 [95%CI: 1.17-3.77]), but not women in urban areas, or men. Droughts could potentially increase HIV transmission through increasing poverty and then sexual risk behaviours, particularly among women in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Trickey
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Leigh F Johnson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Agnes Kiragga
- Research Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Guy Howard
- Department of Civil Engineering and Cabot Institute of the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Samuel Biraro
- ICAP at Columbia University, Nakasero, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thorsten Wagener
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Low
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Matias WR, Fulcher IR, Sauer SM, Nolan CP, Guillaume Y, Zhu J, Molano FJ, Uceta E, Collins S, Slater DM, Sánchez VM, Moheed S, Harris JB, Charles RC, Paxton RM, Gonsalves SF, Franke MF, Ivers LC. Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:110-120. [PMID: 36652163 PMCID: PMC9847437 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering. RESULTS Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9-22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2-31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6-16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3-43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2-18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1-25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1-16.9). CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo R Matias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Isabel R Fulcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara M Sauer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cody P Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Zhu
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Molano
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Uceta
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Collins
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien M Slater
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Vanessa M Sánchez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Serina Moheed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jason B Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Baz-Flores S, Herraiz C, Peralbo-Moreno A, Barral M, Arnal MC, Balseiro A, Cano-Terriza D, Castro-Scholten S, Cevidanes A, Conde-Lizarralde A, Cuadrado-Matías R, Escribano F, de Luco DF, Fidalgo LE, Hermoso-de Mendoza J, Fandos P, Gómez-Guillamón F, Granados JE, Jiménez-Martín D, López-Olvera JR, Martín I, Martínez R, Mentaberre G, García-Bocanegra I, Ruiz-Fons F. Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102281. [PMID: 37995393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause a lethal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Although the virus appears to be endemically established in the Iberian Peninsula, CCHF is an emerging disease in Spain. Clinical signs of CCHFV infection are mainly manifested in humans, but the virus replicates in several animal species. Understanding the determinants of CCHFV exposure risk from animal models is essential to predicting high-risk exposure hotspots for public health action. With this objective in mind, we designed a cross-sectional study of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain and Portugal. The study analysed 5,291 sera collected between 2006 and 2022 from 90 wild boar populations with a specific double-antigen ELISA to estimate CCHFV serum prevalence and identify the main determinants of exposure probability. To do so, we statistically modelled exposure risk with host- and environment-related predictors and spatially projected it at a 10 × 10 km square resolution at the scale of the Iberian Peninsula to map foci of infection risk. Fifty-seven (63.3 %) of the 90 populations had at least one seropositive animal, with seroprevalence ranging from 0.0 to 88.2 %. Anti-CCHFV antibodies were found in 1,026 of 5,291 wild boar (19.4 %; 95 % confidence interval: 18.3-20.5 %), with highest exposure rates in southwestern Iberia. The most relevant predictors of virus exposure risk were wild boar abundance, local rainfall regime, shrub cover, winter air temperature and soil temperature variation. The spatial projection of the best-fit model identified high-risk foci as occurring in most of western and southwestern Iberia and identified recently confirmed risk foci in eastern Spain. The results of the study demonstrate that serological surveys of CCHFV vector hosts are a powerful, robust and highly informative tool for public health authorities to take action to prevent human cases of CCHF in enzootic and emergency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baz-Flores
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cesar Herraiz
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Alazne Conde-Lizarralde
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Escribano
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre "El Valle", Ctra. Subida del Valle 62, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias (APAyCCV) Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Hermoso-de Mendoza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - José E Granados
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada km 7, 18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health (WE&H) research group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Martín
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,.
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4
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Munywoki PK, Bigogo G, Nasimiyu C, Ouma A, Aol G, Oduor CO, Rono S, Auko J, Agogo GO, Njoroge R, Oketch D, Odhiambo D, Odeyo VW, Kikwai G, Onyango C, Juma B, Hunsperger E, Lidechi S, Ochieng CA, Lo TQ, Munyua P, Herman-Roloff A. Heterogenous transmission and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two demographically diverse populations with low vaccination uptake in Kenya, March and June 2021. Gates Open Res 2023; 7:101. [PMID: 37990692 PMCID: PMC10661969 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.14684.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has extensively spread in cities and rural communities, and studies are needed to quantify exposure in the population. We report seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two well-characterized populations in Kenya at two time points. These data inform the design and delivery of public health mitigation measures. Methods Leveraging on existing population based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) in two demographically diverse settings, a rural site in western Kenya in Asembo, Siaya County, and an urban informal settlement in Kibera, Nairobi County, we set up a longitudinal cohort of randomly selected households with serial sampling of all consenting household members in March and June/July 2021. Both sites included 1,794 and 1,638 participants in the March and June/July 2021, respectively. Individual seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was expressed as a percentage of the seropositive among the individuals tested, accounting for household clustering and weighted by the PBIDS age and sex distribution. Results Overall weighted individual seroprevalence increased from 56.2% (95%CI: 52.1, 60.2%) in March 2021 to 63.9% (95%CI: 59.5, 68.0%) in June 2021 in Kibera. For Asembo, the seroprevalence almost doubled from 26.0% (95%CI: 22.4, 30.0%) in March 2021 to 48.7% (95%CI: 44.3, 53.2%) in July 2021. Seroprevalence was highly heterogeneous by age and geography in these populations-higher seroprevalence was observed in the urban informal settlement (compared to the rural setting), and children aged <10 years had the lowest seroprevalence in both sites. Only 1.2% and 1.6% of the study participants reported receipt of at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the second round of serosurvey-none by the first round. Conclusions In these two populations, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased in the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. It is important to prioritize additional mitigation measures, such as vaccine distribution, in crowded and low socioeconomic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Munywoki
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Nasimiyu
- Global Health Program, Washington State University – Global Health Kenya (WSU-GH Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Alice Ouma
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - George Aol
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Clifford O. Oduor
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Rono
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Auko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - George O. Agogo
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Njoroge
- Global Health Program, Washington State University – Global Health Kenya (WSU-GH Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dismas Oketch
- Global Health Program, Washington State University – Global Health Kenya (WSU-GH Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis Odhiambo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor W. Odeyo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Gilbert Kikwai
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clayton Onyango
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bonventure Juma
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shirley Lidechi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Terrence Q. Lo
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peninah Munyua
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Herman-Roloff
- Division for Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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Dukes CW, Rossetti RAM, Hensel JA, Snedal S, Cubitt CL, Schell MJ, Abrahamsen M, Isaacs-Soriano K, Kennedy K, Mangual LN, Whiting J, Martinez-Brockhus V, Islam JY, Rathwell J, Beatty M, Hall AM, Abate-Daga D, Giuliano AR, Pilon-Thomas S. SARS-CoV-2 antibody response duration and neutralization following natural infection. J Clin Virol Plus 2023; 3:100158. [PMID: 37654784 PMCID: PMC10470471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody response from natural infection and vaccination, and the potential determinants of this response are poorly understood. Characterizing this antibody response and the factors associated with neutralization can help inform future prevention efforts and improve clinical outcomes in those infected. Objectives The goals of this study were to prospectively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the neutralizing antibody responses among naturally infected adults and to determine demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these responses. Methods Serum was collected from seropositive individuals at baseline, four-weeks, and three-months following their first study visit to be evaluated for antibody levels. Detection of neutralizing antibodies was performed at baseline. Participant demographic and behavioral information was collected via web questionnaire prior to their first visit. Results At baseline, higher antibody levels were associated with better neutralization capacity, with 83% of participants having detectable neutralizing antibodies. We found an age-dependent effect on antibody level and neutralization capacity with participants over 65 years having significantly higher levels. Ethnicity, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and COVID symptoms were associated with higher antibody levels, but not with increased neutralization capacity. Work environment during the pandemic correlated with increased neutralization capacity, while kidney or liver disease and traveling out of state after February 2020 correlated with decreased neutralization capacity, however neither correlated with antibody levels. Conclusions Our data show that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 can induce a humoral response reflected by high antibody levels and neutralization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Dukes
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Renata AM Rossetti
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Hensel
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Snedal
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Christopher L Cubitt
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Michael J Schell
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kayoko Kennedy
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Leslie N Mangual
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Veronica Martinez-Brockhus
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Jessica Y Islam
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Julie Rathwell
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Matthew Beatty
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Amy M Hall
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
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Clutter CH, Klarman MB, Cajusma Y, Cato ET, Sayeed A, Brinkley L, Jensen O, Baril C, De Rochars VMB, Azman AS, Long MT, Cummings D, Leung DT, Nelson EJ. A population-based serological survey of Vibrio cholerae antibody titers in Ouest Department, Haiti in the year prior to the 2022 cholera outbreak. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.06.23285537. [PMID: 36798289 PMCID: PMC9934795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.23285537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
After three years with no confirmed cholera cases in Haiti, an outbreak of Vibrio cholerae O1 emerged in October 2022. Levels of pre-existing antibodies provide an estimate of prior immunologic exposure, reveal potentially relevant immune responses, and set a baseline for future serosurveillance. We analyzed dried blood spots collected in 2021 from a population-weighted representative cross-sectional serosurvey in two communes in the Ouest Department of Haiti. We found lower levels of circulating IgG and IgA antibodies against V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS, IgG and IgA p<0.0001) in those below 5 years of age compared to those five years and older. Among a subset of patients with higher titers of antibodies, we were unable to detect any functional (vibriocidal) antibodies. In conclusion, the lack of detectable functional antibodies, and age-discordant levels of V. cholerae LPS IgG, suggest that populations in Haiti may be highly susceptible to cholera disease, especially among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy H. Clutter
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Molly B. Klarman
- University of Florida, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Youseline Cajusma
- University of Florida, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emilie T. Cato
- University of Florida, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Abu Sayeed
- University of Florida, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey Brinkley
- University of Florida, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Global Health, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - V. Madsen Beau De Rochars
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew S. Azman
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen T. Long
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Derek Cummings
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric J. Nelson
- Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Selim A, Marawan MA, Abdelhady A, Alshammari FA, Alqhtani AH, Ba-Awadh HA, Olarinre IO, Swelum AA. Coxiella burnetii and its risk factors in cattle in Egypt: a seroepidemiological survey. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:29. [PMID: 36721142 PMCID: PMC9887742 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal production is greatly affected by Q fever. As a result of a lack of methodology and financial means to perform extensive epidemiological surveys, the disease's underdiagnosis has proven to be a challenge for effective control. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle raising in four governorates situated at Nile Delta of Egypt and assess the associated risk factors for infection. A total of 480 serum samples were collected from cattle and examined for presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies using indirect ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii among examined cattle was 19.8%, with the Qalyubia governorate having the highest prevalence. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between C. burnetii seropositivity and age, communal grazing and/or watering, contact with small ruminants and history of infertility. According to the findings of this work, C. burnetii is circulating among cattle living in Nile Delta. It is suggested that adequate hygiene procedures and biosecurity measures should be implemented to limit the transmission of pathogens within cow herds and potential human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Marawan
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Abdelhamed Abdelhady
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
- grid.449533.c0000 0004 1757 2152Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts-RAFHA, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A. Ba-Awadh
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka O. Olarinre
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Carcelen AC, Limaye RJ, Mutembo S, Hamahuwa M, Thuma PE, Moss WJ, Hayford K. Acceptability of serosurveys in southern Zambia: data collector and caregiver perspectives. Discov Soc Sci Health 2023; 3:3. [PMID: 36824432 PMCID: PMC9940080 DOI: 10.1007/s44155-023-00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Factors associated with whether individuals choose to participate in serosurveys are not well understood. Understanding perceptions from multiple perspectives, including the perspectives of both data collectors and participants, through a holistic model such as the socio-ecological model contextualizes individual, interpersonal, and structural level influences on survey research participation. We used a multiple methods approach to characterize reasons for serosurvey participation in communities in Southern Province, Zambia where a serosurvey was conducted in 2016. Methods The first phase conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 24 data collectors who participated in a measles-rubella serosurvey in 2016. The second phase surveyed 34 caregivers at health facilities to identify barriers and facilitators to serosurvey participation. Emergent themes were then classified into a socio-ecological model using individual, interpersonal, and structural level constructs. Results Common themes emerged from data collectors as well as caregivers surveyed. At the individual level, providing incentives was a facilitator, and some religious beliefs were described as a barrier to serosurvey participation. At the interpersonal level, family dynamics and community peer influences could help or hinder serosurvey participation. Community health workers were consistently named as facilitators of participation. At the structural level, concerns about specimen collection, who was selected for serosurveys, and not receiving test results arose as potential barriers. The most frequently reported facilitator was provision of information about the purpose of the serosurvey (85% of respondents). The most frequently reported barrier was lack of clarity regarding use of their blood specimen (53% of respondents). For specimen collection type, caregivers consistently preferred finger prick blood collection over both venous blood draw and oral swabs. Conclusion Serosurvey participation was deemed acceptable to most study participants. The socio-ecological model revealed barriers and facilitators for participation to guide strategies to improve participation which can be applied to ongoing serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2. Serosurveys should continue to develop engagement plans to provide information about blood collection ahead of the serosurvey and communicate the objectives of such studies through trusted sources such as community health workers and traditional leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Carcelen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Floor 5, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Rupali J. Limaye
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Floor 5, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Simon Mutembo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Floor 5, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
- Government of the Republic of Zambia, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - William J. Moss
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Floor 5, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kyla Hayford
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington Street, Floor 5, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
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9
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Balamurugan V, Varghese B, SowjanyaKumari S, Kumar KV, Muthuchelvan D, Govindaraj G, Suresh KP, Hemadri D, Roy P, Shome BR. Assessment of post-vaccination immune response to peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants in the central and western regions of India. Virusdisease 2022; 33:413-421. [PMID: 36447813 PMCID: PMC9701301 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-sectional serosurvey for post-vaccination assessment of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus (PPRV) antibodies in sheep and goats was carried out in different states in the central and western regions of India after the implementation of vaccination under the PPR control programme. The serum samples (n = 4687) were collected from sheep (n = 1539) and goats (n = 3148) from August 2017 to March 2018 at various epidemiological units (n = 301) of the studied regions using a stratified random sampling method and PPR competitive ELISA kit was employed to detect PPRV antibodies. The results revealed 34, 21, 52, 74, 68, and 65% of prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan states, respectively, with a difference in seropositivity in sheep and goats across the states in sheep (p < 0.01) and goats (p < 0.01). Further, this serosurvey revealed that 60% of the epi-units (n = 185) had > 50% prevalence of post vaccination PPRV antibodies across states due to variations in vaccination rates and patterns. The vaccination coverage and the reported outbreaks varied between the states in the studied regions. Due to continuous vaccination under the control program, the reported PPR outbreaks have progressively declined in most of the studied states, and the PPR risk areas are confined to a few districts and sporadically, outbreaks are reported indicating the effectiveness of vaccination. These findings provide valuable information on potential PPRV episystems, and will assist with activities regarding intensive surveillance, vaccination, biosecurity, and modification of policy decisions towards designing and implementing control and eradication measures. Further, the present situation necessitates continuous mass vaccination and active surveillance programs to make these regions free from PPR in consonance with the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy under the PPR Global Eradication Program. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00796-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - B. Varghese
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - S. SowjanyaKumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - K. Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - D. Muthuchelvan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand India
| | - G. Govindaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - K. P. Suresh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - D. Hemadri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - P. Roy
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - B. R. Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka India
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Osman S, Crowcroft N, McLachlan E, Hatchette T, Perez-Iratxeta C, Joh E, Wright J, Halperin SA, Deeks S, Wilson S, Buchan S, Ward B, Gubbay J, Brisson M, Serhir B, Severini A, Bolotin S. Population immunity to measles in Canada using Canadian Health Measures survey data - A Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study. Vaccine 2022; 40:3228-35. [PMID: 35491342 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine population immunity to measles in Canada, and to assess the risk of future outbreaks. We tested 11,176 sera from Cycles 2 (2009-2011) and 3 (2011-2013) cohorts from the biobank of Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) using the BioPlex 2220 MMRV IgG assay. We then tested all BioPlex negative and equivocal samples using a more sensitive Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT). We determined the weighted proportion of positive, equivocal, and negative samples by age, sex, region and whether individuals were born in Canada. We found that 90.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.2, 91.9) of samples were positive, 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4, 5.5) were equivocal and 5.5% (95% CI: 4.3, 6.7) were negative. Individuals in the 12-19 year age band had the lowest proportion positive at 78.7% (95% CI: 74.2, 83.2) and the highest proportion of positive samples was found in those 60-79 years (99.6%, 95% CI: 99.3, 99.9). Seropositivity was consistently <90% across a broad range of pediatric and adult age bands (6-39 years). We found that a slightly higher proportion of females were positive (91.9%, 95% CI: 90.1, 93.6) compared to males (88.3%, 95% CI: 85.8, 90.7). When taking into account interaction between age and born in Canada status, we found individuals born in Canada aged 19 and under were less susceptible (OR = 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 0.95)) compared to those born outside Canada whereas, those aged 20 and over were more susceptible (OR = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.8)). Our findings indicate that measles immunity in Canada is below the 95% immunity threshold required to sustain measles elimination, underscoring the importance of maintaining high vaccine coverage to prevent future measles outbreaks and sustain Canada's elimination status.
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Hoballah A, El Haidari R, Siblany G, Abdel Sater F, Mansour S, Hassan H, Abou-Abbas L. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Lebanon: findings from the first nationwide serosurvey. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35012464 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon, a small country in the Middle East, remains severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies provide accurate estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hence evaluate the extent of the pandemic. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Lebanon and to compare the estimated cumulative number of COVID-19 cases with the officially registered number of laboratory-confirmed cases up to January 15, 2021. METHODS A nationwide population-based serosurvey study was conducted in Lebanon between December 7, 2020, and January 15, 2021, before the initiation of the national vaccination program. The nCOVID-19 IgG & IgM point-of-care (POCT) rapid test was used to detect the presence of anti-SARS-COV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the blood. Seroprevalence was estimated after weighting for sex, age, and area of residence and adjusting for the test performance. RESULTS Of the 2058 participants, 329 were positive for IgG SARS-COV-2, resulting in a crude seroprevalence of 16.0% (95% CI 14.4-17.6). The weighed seroprevalence was 15.9% (95% CI of 14.4 and 17.4). After adjusting for test performance, the population weight-adjusted seroprevalence was 18.5% (95% CI 16.8-20.2). This estimate implies that 895,770 individuals of the general population were previously infected by COVID-19 up to January 15, 2021 in Lebanon. The overall estimated number of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was three times higher than the officially reported cumulative number of confirmed cases. Seroprevalence was similar across age groups and sexes (p-value > 0.05). However, significant differences were revealed across governorates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the Lebanese population is still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and far from achieving herd immunity. These findings represent an important contribution to the surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon and to the understanding of how this virus spreads. Continued surveillance for COVID-19 cases and maintaining effective preventive measures are recommended to control the epidemic spread in conjunction with a national vaccination campaign to achieve the desired level of herd immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hoballah
- General Director of Islamic Health Society, Baabda, Lebanon
| | - Rana El Haidari
- Department of Research, Islamic Health Society, Baabda, Lebanon.
| | - Ghina Siblany
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Abdel Sater
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cancer Immunology (COVID 19 Unit), Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Samir Mansour
- Department of Informatics, Islamic Health Society, Baabda, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Hassan
- Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.,Medical Care Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Linda Abou-Abbas
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Boey L, Roelants M, Merckx J, Hens N, Desombere I, Duysburgh E, Vandermeulen C. Age-dependent seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in school-aged children from areas with low and high community transmission. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:571-578. [PMID: 34455523 PMCID: PMC8402965 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is not yet clear to what extent SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children reflect community transmission, nor whether infection rates differ between primary schoolchildren and young teenagers. A cross-sectional serosurvey compared the SARS-CoV2 attack-rate in a sample of 362 children recruited from September 21 to October 6, 2020, in primary (ages 6-12) or lower secondary school (ages 12-15) in a municipality with low community transmission (Pelt) to a municipality with high community transmission (Alken) in Belgium. Children were equally distributed over grades and regions. Blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 4.4% of children in the low transmission region and in 14.4% of children in the high transmission region. None of the primary schoolchildren were seropositive in the low transmission region, whereas the seroprevalence among primary and secondary schoolchildren did not differ significantly in the high transmission region. None of the seropositive children suffered from severe disease. Children who were in contact with a confirmed case (RR 2.9; 95%CI 1.6-4.5), who participated in extracurricular activities (RR 5.6; 95%CI 1.2-25.3), or whose caregiver is a healthcare worker who had contact with COVID-19 patients (RR 2.2; 95%CI 1.0-4.6) were at higher risk of seropositivity. If SARS-CoV2 circulation in the community is high, this will be reflected in the pediatric population with similar infection rates in children aged 6-12 years and 12-15 years. What is Known: •Children are generally less affected by COVID-19 than adults but SARS-CoV2 infection rates among children are not well known. •There were large regional differences in infection rates during the first wave of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. What is New: •None of the primary schoolchildren (6-12 years) were seropositive for SARS-CoV2 in an area with a low community transmission, but infection rates were higher in adolescents (12-15 years). •In an area with high community transmission, seroprevalence rates in younger children were more comparable to those in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boey
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University Vaccinology Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University Vaccinology Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Merckx
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Niel Hens
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium ,Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for Health Economic Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano (Public Health Belgium), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Duysburgh
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano (Public Health Belgium), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University Vaccinology Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Ahouidi AD, Anderson M, Diédhiou CK, Dia A, Mbow M, Dia Y, Mboup A, Gaye AG, Manga NM, Cloherty G, Mboup S. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a healthcare setting during the first pandemic wave in Senegal. IJID Reg 2022; 2:96-8. [PMID: 35721431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) during the first pandemic wave in Senegal. The seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was assessed in 10 cities in Senegal by testing plasma from volunteers attending healthcare clinics for reasons unrelated to coronavirus disease 2019 (n=3231) between June and October 2020. The overall positivity rate was 20.4% and large geographical differences in seropositivity (6-41.9%) were observed, suggesting that the true number of infections was substantially higher than the official estimate of 8.5%.
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14
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Kumar D, Burma A, Kumar Mandal A. A seroprevalence study of Covid 19 antibody after 1st wave of the pandemic in South Andaman district, India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100901. [PMID: 34805619 PMCID: PMC8596647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The seroepidemiological studies are essential to analyze spread of Covid 19 infection in the remote islands of Andaman and Nicobar. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of Covid 19 antibodies in the South Andaman district. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in South Andaman District after 1st wave of the Covid 19 pandemic in the island. The participants of age 18 years and above were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The blood samples were tested for IgG Covid antibodies by Erba Lisa Elisa kit. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis and Chi Square/Fisher Exact test. Result The seroprevalence of Covid 19 in the S. Andaman district was found to be 39.3%. The COVID 19 antibody positivity was significantly higher in urban population (44.09%) as compared to rural population (34.27%) and in females of 41–60 years age group (45.5%) as compared to females of other age groups. The antibody positivity was similar among the population of containment and buffer zone (p-value 0.684). Conclusion The seropositivity in the South Andaman district was higher due to the influx of tourists on the island. The rural people in South Andaman remained less affected by the pandemic as the rural areas were far flung and thinly populated. The antibody positivity was similar in residents of containment and buffer zone because there were more social contacts and movement of the people on the island due to their extensive family linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Community Medicine, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, A& N Islands, India
| | - Amrita Burma
- Senior resident/tutor,Community Medicine, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, A& N Islands, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Mandal
- Director, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, A& N Islands, India
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Al-Abri SS, Al-Wahaibi A, Al-Kindi H, Kurup PJ, Al-Maqbali A, Al-Mayahi Z, Al-Tobi MH, Al-Katheri SH, Albusaidi S, Al-Sukaiti MH, Al Balushi AYM, Abdelgadir IO, Al-Shehi N, Morkos E, Al-Maani A, Al-Rawahi B, Alyaquobi F, Alqayoudhi A, Al-Harthy K, Al-Khalili S, Al-Rashdi A, Al-Shukri I, Al Ghafri TS, Al-Hashmi F, Al Jassasi SM, Alshaqsi N, Mitra N, Al Aamry HS, Shah P, Al Marbouai HH, Al Araimi AH, Kair IM, Al Manji AM, Almallak AS, Al Alawi FK, Vaidya V, Muqeetullah M, Alrashdi H, Al Jamoudi SSN, Alshaqsi A, Al Sharji A, Al Shukeiri H, Al-Abri B, Al-Rawahi S, Al-Lamki SH, Al-Manji A, Al-Jardani A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Oman: results from four successive nationwide sero-epidemiological surveys. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:269-277. [PMID: 34601146 PMCID: PMC8482550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Oman and longitudinal changes in antibody levels over time within the first 11 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as a four-cycle serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified sampling method from July to November 2020. A questionnaire was used and included demographics, history of acute respiratory infection and list of symptoms, COVID-19 contact, previous diagnosis or admission, travel history and risk factors. RESULTS In total, 17,457 participants were surveyed. Thirty percent were female and 66.3% were Omani. There was a significant increase in seroprevalence throughout the study cycles, from 5.5% (4.8-6.2%) in Cycle 1 to 22% (19.6-24.6%) in Cycle 4. There was no difference in seroprevalence between genders, but significant differences were found between age groups. There was a transition of seroprevalence from being higher in non-Omanis than Omanis in Cycle 1 [9.1% (7.6-10.9%) vs 3.2% (2.6-3.9%)] to being higher in Omanis than non-Omanis in Cycle 4 [24.3% (21.0-27.9%) vs 16.8% (14.9-18.9%)]. There was remarkable variation in the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 according to governorate. Close contacts of people with COVID-19 had a 96% higher risk of having the disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.96, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.64-2.34]. Labourers had 58% higher risk of infection compared with office workers (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04-2.35). CONCLUSION This study showed a wide variation in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across governorates in Oman, with higher estimated seroprevalence in migrants in the first two cycles. Prevalence estimates remain low and are insufficient to provide herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Salem Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman.
| | - Adil Al-Wahaibi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Hanan Al-Kindi
- Central Public Health Laboratories, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Padmamohan J Kurup
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Al-Maqbali
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sohar, Oman
| | - Zayid Al-Mayahi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Rustaq, Oman
| | - Mohammed Hamed Al-Tobi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Dhakhiliya Governorate, Ministry of Health, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Salim Habbash Al-Katheri
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhofar Governorate, Ministry of Health, Salalah, Oman
| | - Sultan Albusaidi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Ibra, Oman
| | - Mahmood Humaid Al-Sukaiti
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Dhahira Governorate, Ministry of Health, Ibri, Oman
| | - Ahmed Yar Mohammed Al Balushi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Buraimi Governorate, Ministry of Health, Buraimi, Oman
| | - Iyad Omer Abdelgadir
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sur, Oman
| | - Nawal Al-Shehi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Musandam Governorate, Ministry of Health, Khasab, Oman
| | - Essam Morkos
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Wusta Governorate, Ministry of Health, Haima, Oman
| | - Amal Al-Maani
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Bader Al-Rawahi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatma Alyaquobi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Alqayoudhi
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Harthy
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Sulien Al-Khalili
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Azza Al-Rashdi
- Central Public Health Laboratories, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar Al-Shukri
- Central Public Health Laboratories, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Thamra S Al Ghafri
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatma Al-Hashmi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sohar, Oman
| | - Saeed Mussalam Al Jassasi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Dhahira Governorate, Ministry of Health, Ibri, Oman
| | - Nasser Alshaqsi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Rustaq, Oman
| | - Nilanjan Mitra
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Musandam Governorate, Ministry of Health, Khasab, Oman
| | - Humaid Suhail Al Aamry
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Dhakhiliya Governorate, Ministry of Health, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Ibra, Oman
| | - Hanan Hassan Al Marbouai
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Buraimi Governorate, Ministry of Health, Buraimi, Oman
| | - Amany Hamed Al Araimi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sur, Oman
| | - Ismail Mohammed Kair
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhofar Governorate, Ministry of Health, Salalah, Oman
| | - Asim Mohammed Al Manji
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmed Said Almallak
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhofar Governorate, Ministry of Health, Salalah, Oman
| | - Fatma Khamis Al Alawi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sur, Oman
| | - Vidyanand Vaidya
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Sohar, Oman
| | - Muhammad Muqeetullah
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Buraimi Governorate, Ministry of Health, Buraimi, Oman
| | - Hanan Alrashdi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, North Sharqiah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Ibra, Oman
| | - Saud Said Nassir Al Jamoudi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Al-Dhakhiliya Governorate, Ministry of Health, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Asila Alshaqsi
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, South Batinah Governorate, Ministry of Health, Rustaq, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al Sharji
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamida Al Shukeiri
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Badr Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Said H Al-Lamki
- Directorate General of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdulla Al-Manji
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
| | - Amina Al-Jardani
- Central Public Health Laboratories, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health Muscat, Oman
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Campbell JD, Pasetti MF, Oot L, Adam Z, Tefera M, Beyane B, Mulholland N, Steinglass R, Krey R, Chen WH, Blackwelder WC, Levine MM. Linked vaccination coverage surveys plus serosurveys among Ethiopian toddlers undertaken three years apart to compare coverage and serologic evidence of protection in districts implementing the RED-QI approach. Vaccine 2021; 39:5802-5813. [PMID: 34465472 PMCID: PMC8494116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A seroprotective tetanus titer indicates a toddler has received pentavalent vaccine. Serosurveys document increased seroprevalence post-measles vaccination campaigns. Vaccination coverage/serosurveys can assess interventions to improve immunizations.
In low and middle-income countries, estimating the proportion of vaccinated toddlers in a population is important for controlling vaccine-preventable diseases by identifying districts where immunization services need strengthening. Estimates measured before and several years after specific interventions can assess program performance. However, employing different methods to derive vaccination coverage estimates often yield differing results. Methods Linked vaccination coverage surveys and seroprotection surveys performed among ~300 toddlers 12–23 months of age in districts (woredas), one per region, of Ethiopia (total, ~900 toddlers) in 2013 to estimate the proportion vaccinated with tetanus toxoid (a proxy for pentavalent vaccine) and measles vaccine. The surveys were followed by implementation of the Reaching Every District using Quality Improvement (RED-QI) approach to strengthen the immunization system. Linked coverage/serosurveys were repeated in 2016 to assess effects of the interventions on vaccination coverage. Indicators included “documented coverage” (vaccination card and/or health facility register records) and “crude coverage” (documented plus parent/caretaker recall for children without cards). Seroprotection thresholds were IgG-ELISA tetanus antitoxin ≥0.05 IU/ml and plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) measles titers ≥120 mIU/ml. Findings Improved markers in 2016 over 2013 include coverage of pentavalent vaccination, vaccination timeliness, and fewer missed opportunities to vaccinate. In parallel, tetanus seroprotection increased in the 3 woredas from 59.6% to 79.1%, 72.9% to 83.7%, and 94.3 to 99.3%. In 2015, the Ethiopian government conducted supplemental measles mass vaccination campaigns in several regions including one that involved a project woreda and the campaign overlapped with the RED-QI intervention timeframe; protective measles PRN titers there rose from 31.0% to 50.0%. Interpretation The prevalence of seroprotective titers of tetanus antitoxin (stimulated by tetanus toxoid components within pentavalent vaccine) provides a reliable biomarker to identify children who received pentavalent vaccine. In the three study woredas, the RED-QI intervention appeared to improve immunization service delivery, as documented by enhanced pentavalent vaccine coverage, vaccination timeliness, and fewer missed vaccination opportunities. A measles mass vaccination campaign was followed by a markedly increased prevalence of measles PRN antibodies. Collectively, these observations suggest that wider implementation of RED-QI can strengthen immunization, and periodic linked vaccination surveys/serosurveys can monitor changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Campbell
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Oot
- JSI Research & Training Institute Inc., Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Zenaw Adam
- JSI Research & Training Institute Inc., Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Mesfin Tefera
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhane Beyane
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nigisti Mulholland
- Family & Reproductive Rights Education Program (FARREP), The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Krey
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - William C Blackwelder
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Ghosh S, Yadav AK, Rajmohan KS, Bhalla S, Sekhawat VS, Prashant J, Dubey S, Sahai A, Rakesh CR, Chand S, Rawat MS, Gupta S, Dhawan R, Pandya K, Kotwal A. Seropositivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among healthcare workers of the Armed Forces medical services, India: A multicentric study. Med J Armed Forces India 2021; 77:S359-S365. [PMID: 34334905 PMCID: PMC8313088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serosurveys provide the prevalence of infection and over time will reveal the trends. The present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to analyse various characteristics (risk factors) associated with SARS CoV-2 infection. Methods Eight government designated Corona virus disease -19 (COVID-19) hospitals were selected based on the hospital admission of patients with COVID-19 and the local epidemiological situation in the region. Multistage population proportion to size sampling was performed for the selection of HCWs. Serosurvey was conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based IgG antibody test (COVID KAVACH). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression was performed to find out the factor/factors associated with the positive antibody test. Results Out of 3255 HCWs that participated in the study, data of 3253 were analysed. The seroprevalence was 19.7% (95% confidence interval: 18.5-21.3%). Factors associated were location, category of HCWs, male sex, previously tested positive by the molecular test, training on infection prevention and control, personal protective measures, handwashing technique, close contact with a patient confirmed with COVID-19, use of personal protective equipment and symptoms in the last 30 days. However, in multiple logistic regression, only location, category, previously tested positive by the molecular test and symptoms in the last 30 days were statistically significant. Conclusion HCWs are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One in five HCWs had detectable antibodies. The presence of antibodies among HCWs may help in their placement and triage. HCWs may be advised to report early in case of any symptoms of COVID-19. Preventive measures may be targeted based on the location, with particular emphasis on ancillary workers and nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - K S Rajmohan
- Professor (Microbiology), Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Bhalla
- Professor (Microbiology), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Vikram Singh Sekhawat
- Classified Specialist (Medicine) & Endocrinologist, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - J Prashant
- Classified Specialist (Microbiology), Army Institute of Cardio Thoracic Sciences, Pune, India
| | - Sudhir Dubey
- Associate Professor (Microbiology), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sahai
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), Jammu, India
| | - C R Rakesh
- Classified Specialist (Surgery), Command Hospital (Air Force), Bengaluru, India
| | - Satish Chand
- Assistant Professor (Dermatology), Command Hospital (Air Force), Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Rawat
- Graded Specialist (Pathology), Military Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Graded Specialist (Microbiology), Military Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Rakhi Dhawan
- Senior Registrar, Military Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Kapil Pandya
- Associate Professor, O/o DGAFMS, New Delhi, India
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Kaspersen KA, Greve T, Nielsen KJ, Jespersen S, Mikkelsen S, Vestergaard JM, Redder JD, Tolstrup M, Thomsen MK, Møller HJ, Østergaard L, Kolstad HA, Erikstrup C. Symptoms reported by SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative healthcare and administrative employees in Denmark from May to August 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:17-23. [PMID: 34126235 PMCID: PMC8193970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distribution and nature of symptoms among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals need to be clarified. Methods Between May and August 2020, 11 138 healthcare and administrative personnel from Central Denmark Region were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and subsequently completed a questionnaire. Symptom prevalence and overall duration for symptoms persisting for more than 30 days were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results In total, 447 (4%) of the participants were SARS-CoV-2-seropositive. Loss of sense of smell and taste was reported by 50% of seropositives compared with 3% of seronegatives. Additionally, seropositives more frequently reported fever, dyspnoea, muscle or joint ache, fatigue, cough, headache and sore throat, and they were more likely to report symptoms persisting for more than 30 days. In adjusted models, they had a higher risk of reporting symptoms, with the strongest association observed for loss of sense of taste and smell (OR = 35.6; 95% CI: 28.6–44.3). Conclusion In this large study, SARS-CoV-2-seropositive participants reported COVID-19-associated symptoms more frequently than those who were seronegative, especially loss of sense of taste and smell. Overall, their symptoms were also more likely to persist for more than 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Greve
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kent Jacob Nielsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Herning Regional Hospital, DK-7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Herning Regional Hospital, DK-7400 Herning, Denmark; Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kragh Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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McDonald SA, Miura F, Vos ERA, van Boven M, de Melker HE, van der Klis FRM, van Binnendijk RS, den Hartog G, Wallinga J. Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: Analysis of nationwide serosurvey data in the Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:735-9. [PMID: 34114187 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive persons who are asymptomatic-and whether this proportion is age-dependent-are still open research questions. Because an unknown proportion of reported symptoms among SARS-CoV-2 positives will be attributable to another infection or affliction, the observed, or 'crude' proportion without symptoms may underestimate the proportion of persons without symptoms that are caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Based on two rounds of a large population-based serological study comprising test results on seropositivity and self-reported symptom history conducted in April/May and June/July 2020 in the Netherlands (n = 7517), we estimated the proportion of reported symptoms among those persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 that is attributable to this infection, where the set of relevant symptoms fulfills the ECDC case definition of COVID-19, using inferential methods for the attributable risk (AR). Generalised additive regression modelling was used to estimate the age-dependent relative risk (RR) of reported symptoms, and the AR and asymptomatic proportion (AP) were calculated from the fitted RR. RESULTS Using age-aggregated data, the 'crude' AP was 37% but the model-estimated AP was 65% (95% CI 63-68%). The estimated AP varied with age, from 74% (95% CI 65-90%) for < 20 years, to 61% (95% CI 57-65%) for the 50-59 years age-group. CONCLUSION Whereas the 'crude' AP represents a lower bound for the proportion of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 without COVID-19 symptoms, the AP as estimated via an attributable risk approach represents an upper bound. Age-specific AP estimates can inform the implementation of public health actions such as targetted virological testing and therefore enhance containment strategies.
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Giudice PAF, Lescano SAZ, Gonzáles WHR, Giuffrida R, Bandeira FN, Kmetiuk LB, Pires Dos Santos A, Biondo AW, Santarém VA. Serosurvey and associated risk factors of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in bovines from slaughterhouses of southeastern Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:250. [PMID: 33975623 PMCID: PMC8111975 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis, caused by a nematode species of the genus Toxocara, has been described as one of the most prevalent zoonotic helminthiases worldwide. Human transmission may occur by ingesting Toxocara spp. larvae from raw or undercooked meat or organs; however, no comprehensive serosurvey study has been conducted to date investigating the role of cattle as paratenic hosts. The aim of the study reported here was to assess the prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies and associated risk factors in bovines from two slaughterhouses located in Presidente Prudente, southeastern Brazil. METHODS Blood samples were collected and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle farmers voluntarily responded to an epidemiologic questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 213 of the 553 (38.5%) bovine samples were assessed as seropositive for anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies by indirect ELISA. Multivariate analysis revealed that the source of beef cattle and the presence of dogs or cats at the farm were associated with seropositivity. The use of feedlot systems was associated with lower likelihood of seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a high level of anti-Toxocara seropositivity in slaughterhouse cattle, with potentially contaminated meat posing an infection risk to humans. In addition, the presence of dogs and cats where the slaughtered beef cattle were raised was statistically associated with bovine seropositivity, probably due to the overlapping environment at the farm and the lack of pet deworming. The use of feedlot systems was a protective factor likely due to the absence of dog and cat contact, elevated feeding troughs that avoid contact with contaminated soil or grass, and younger age at slaughter of feedlot cattle. In summary, bovines may be used as environmental sentinels of Toxocara spp. contamination, and high seropositivity of slaughterhouse cattle may indicate a potential risk of human toxocariasis through the ingestion of raw or undercooked contaminated meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andreia Fabris Giudice
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572-Bairro Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Giuffrida
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572-Bairro Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nobre Bandeira
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572-Bairro Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Vamilton Alvares Santarém
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 572-Bairro Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil.
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Al-Maani A, Al Wahaibi A, Al-Sooti J, Al Abri B, Al Shukri I, AlRisi E, Al Abri L, AlDaghari K, Al Subhi M, AlMaqbali S, AlBurtamani S, AlAbri A, Al Salami A, Al-Beloushi I, Al-Zadjali N, Alqayoudhi A, Al-Kindi H, Al Shaqsi K, Al-Jardani A, Al-Abri S. The role of supporting services in driving SARS-CoV-2 transmission within healthcare settings: A multicenter seroprevalence study. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 107:257-263. [PMID: 33930541 PMCID: PMC8078034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers (HCWs) based on risk of exposure to COVID-19 patients. Method This was a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence cross-sectional study in risk-stratified HCWs randomly selected from three main district hospitals in Oman. Results 1078 HCWs were included, with an overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 21%. The seropositivity rates in low-, variable-, and high-risk groups were 29%, 18%, and 17%, respectively (p-value < 0.001). The study found higher positivity in males (crude odds ratio [COR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–2.3), and workers residing in high-prevalence areas (COR 2.09, 95% CI 1.42–3.07). Compared with doctors, workers from supporting services, administration staff, and nurses were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (COR 9.81, 95% CI 5.26–18.27; 2.37, 95% CI 1.23–4.58; 2.08 95% CI 1.14–3.81). The overall rate of previously undetected infection was 12%, with higher values in low-risk HCWs. High district prevalence was a driving factor for seropositivity in the low-risk group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.36, 95% CI 1.0–5.59). Conclusion Low-risk supporting services workers can drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospitals. More attention and innovation within this area will enhance the safety of health care during epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Maani
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Adil Al Wahaibi
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Surveillance Department, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jabir Al-Sooti
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Bader Al Abri
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Surveillance Department, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar Al Shukri
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Central Public Health Laboratory, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Elham AlRisi
- Sohar Hospital, Governorate of North Batinah, Oman
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Asma AlAbri
- Sohar Hospital, Governorate of North Batinah, Oman
| | | | - Iman Al-Beloushi
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Najla Al-Zadjali
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Alqayoudhi
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hanan Al-Kindi
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Central Public Health Laboratory, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Amina Al-Jardani
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman; Central Public Health Laboratory, DGDSC, MoH, Muscat, Oman
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate-General for Diseases Surveillance and Control (DGDSC), MoH, Muscat, Oman
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22
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Alsuwaidi AR, Al Hosani FI, Al Memari S, Narchi H, Abdel Wareth L, Kamal H, Al Ketbi M, Al Baloushi D, Elfateh A, Khudair A, Al Mazrouei S, AlHumaidan HS, Alghaithi N, Afsh K, Al Kaabi N, Altrabulsi B, Jones M, Shaban S, Sheek-Hussein M, Zoubeidi T. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 infection in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1077-1090. [PMID: 33893483 PMCID: PMC8135550 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was the first country in the Middle East to report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Serosurveys are essential to understanding the extent of virus transmission. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Methods Between 19 July and 14 August 2020, 4487 households were selected using a random sample stratified by region and citizenship of the head of household (UAE citizen or non-citizen). A cluster sample of 40 labour camps was selected. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were collected. Each participant was first tested by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, followed, when reactive, by the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay. Results Among 8831 individuals from households, seroprevalence was 10·4% [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 9·5–11·4], with higher seroprevalence in Abu Dhabi and Al Ain regions compared with those in Al Dhafra. In households, we found no sex difference and UAE citizens had lower seroprevalence compared with those of other nationalities. Among 4855 workers residing in labour camps, seroprevalence was 68·6% (95% CI 61·7–74·7), with higher seroprevalence among workers from Southeast Asia. In households, individuals with higher body mass indexes demonstrated higher seroprevalences than individuals with normal weight. Anosmia and ageusia were strongly associated with seropositivity. Conclusions The majority of household populations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi remained unexposed to SARS-CoV-2. In labour camps, SARS-CoV-2 transmission was high. Effective public health measures should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Hassib Narchi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Kamal
- Abu Dhabi Public Health Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mai Al Ketbi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Durra Al Baloushi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abubaker Elfateh
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Khudair
- Abu Dhabi Public Health Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hiba Saud AlHumaidan
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noura Alghaithi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalil Afsh
- Al Dhafra Hospitals, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawal Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel Altrabulsi
- National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew Jones
- National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami Shaban
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamud Sheek-Hussein
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taoufik Zoubeidi
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Lynch E, Falq G, Sun C, Bunchhoeung PDT, Huerga H, Loarec A, Dousset JP, Marquardt T, Paih ML, Maman D. Hepatitis C viraemic and seroprevalence and risk factors for positivity in Northwest Cambodia: a household cross-sectional serosurvey. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:223. [PMID: 33637051 PMCID: PMC7912833 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite a dramatic reduction in HCV drug costs and simplified models of care, many countries lack important information on prevalence and risk factors to structure effective HCV services. Methods A cross-sectional, multi-stage cluster survey of HCV seroprevalence in adults 18 years and above was conducted, with an oversampling of those 45 years and above. One hundred forty-seven clusters of 25 households were randomly selected in two sets (set 1=24 clusters ≥18; set 2=123 clusters, ≥45). A multi-variable analysis assessed risk factors for sero-positivity among participants ≥45. The study occurred in rural Moung Ruessei Health Operational District, Battambang Province, Western Cambodia. Results A total of 5098 individuals and 3616 households participated in the survey. The overall seroprevalence was 2.6% (CI95% 2.3–3.0) for those ≥18 years, 5.1% (CI95% 4.6–5.7) for adults ≥ 45 years, and 0.6% (CI95% 0.3–0.9) for adults 18–44. Viraemic prevalence was 1.9% (CI95% 1.6–2.1), 3.6% (CI95% 3.2–4.0), and 0.5% (CI95% 0.2–0.8), respectively. Men had higher prevalence than women: ≥18 years male seroprevalence was 3.0 (CI95% 2.5–3.5) versus 2.3 (CI95% 1.9–2.7) for women. Knowledge of HCV was poor: 64.7% of all respondents and 57.0% of seropositive participants reported never having heard of HCV. Risk factor characteristics for the population ≥45 years included: advancing age (p< 0.001), low education (higher than secondary school OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.6–0.8]), any dental or gum treatment (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.3–1.8]), historical routine medical care (medical injection after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.6–0.9]; surgery after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI0.5–0.9]), and historical blood donation or transfusion (blood donation after 1980 OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.2–0.8]); blood transfusion after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.4–1.1]). Conclusions This study provides the first large-scale general adult population prevalence data on HCV infection in Cambodia. The results confirm the link between high prevalence and age ≥45 years, lower socio-economic status and past routine medical interventions (particularly those received before 1990 and 1980). This survey suggests high HCV prevalence in certain populations in Cambodia and can be used to guide national and local HCV policy discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lynch
- Epicentre, 40 Rector St, New York, NY, 10006, USA.
| | | | - Chhorvy Sun
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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24
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West EA, Anker D, Amati R, Richard A, Wisniak A, Butty A, Albanese E, Bochud M, Chiolero A, Crivelli L, Cullati S, d'Acremont V, Epure AM, Fehr J, Flahault A, Fornerod L, Frank I, Frei A, Michel G, Gonseth S, Guessous I, Imboden M, Kahlert CR, Kaufmann L, Kohler P, Mösli N, Paris D, Probst-Hensch N, Rodondi N, Stringhini S, Vermes T, Vollrath F, Puhan MA. Corona Immunitas: study protocol of a nationwide program of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroepidemiologic studies in Switzerland. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1529-1548. [PMID: 33098441 PMCID: PMC7584867 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Seroprevalence studies to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population and subgroups are key for evaluating mitigation and vaccination policies and for understanding the spread of the disease both on the national level and for comparison with the international community. METHODS Corona Immunitas is a research program of coordinated, population-based, seroprevalence studies implemented by Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+). Over 28,340 participants, randomly selected and age-stratified, with some regional specificities will be included. Additional studies in vulnerable and highly exposed subpopulations are also planned. The studies will assess population immunological status during the pandemic. RESULTS Phase one (first wave of pandemic) estimates from Geneva showed a steady increase in seroprevalence up to 10.8% (95% CI 8.2-13.9, n = 775) by May 9, 2020. Since June, Zurich, Lausanne, Basel City/Land, Ticino, and Fribourg recruited a total of 5973 participants for phase two thus far. CONCLUSIONS Corona Immunitas will generate reliable, comparable, and high-quality serological and epidemiological data with extensive coverage of Switzerland and of several subpopulations, informing health policies and decision making in both economic and societal sectors. ISRCTN Registry: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18181860 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A West
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Anker
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Aude Richard
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ania Wisniak
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Butty
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luca Crivelli
- Institute of Public Health, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie d'Acremont
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adina Mihaela Epure
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Irène Frank
- Clinical Trial Unit, Cantonal Hospital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Semira Gonseth
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaufmann
- Service de La Santé Publique, Canton de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Mösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Paris
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Vermes
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Vollrath
- Corona Immunitas Program Management Group, Swiss School of Public Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Chen H, Liu N, Ji ZH, Pu ZS, Guo ZW, Gao J, Shao ZJ, Liu YW, Yan YP. Assessment on the Effects of Hepatitis B Prevention and Control Measures in Western China: A Comparison of Three Population-based Serosurveys. Biomed Environ Sci 2020; 33:735-744. [PMID: 33228832 DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread, the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Western China. This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement. METHODS Susceptible population vaccination, health education, professional training of doctors, and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010. Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2015. The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers: HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods. RESULTS The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg (7.19% in 2010 vs. 6.51% in 2013 vs. 5.87% in 2015) and anti-HBc positivity (43.89% vs. 32.87% vs. 28.46%) and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity (49.07% vs. 53.66% vs. 53.72%) over time. From 2010 to 2015, the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000. Notably, persistently high HBsAg-positive rates (above 5.40%) were observed among subjects aged 20-69 years old in the three serosurveys; the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old. Furthermore, rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts (6.04% vs. 4.83% and 30.26% vs. 20.35%, respectively) in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity (49.68 vs. 55.18%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, urban and rural areas, and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection. CONCLUSION Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time, the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level. Therefore, the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Hua Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Shu Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Wen Guo
- Wuwei municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Jun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Wen Liu
- Wuwei municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Ping Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Idarraga-Bedoya SE, Álvarez-Chica J, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Moore DP, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in cattle from Pereira, Colombia ⋆. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 22:100469. [PMID: 33308726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are over 25.6 million cattle heads in Colombia being the fourth-highest herd in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in cattle from 25 rural farms at Pereira municipality, Risaralda Department, which has a total bovine population of 43,508 animals. A cross-sectional observational study was performed in beef and dairy herds during 2017-2018. A total of 325 animals in 25 herds, with 13 animals per herd, were sampled. A commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit was used to detect N. caninum antibodies. Associated risk factors were analyzed in two different levels: individual animals and herds. For all the independent variables, chi-square (χ2) and Fisher tests were used to assess associations and significance. The overall estimated seropositivity was 20.6% (95%CI 16.2%-25.0%). The seroprevalence by herds was 92.0% ranging from 0.0% to 46.2%. Noteworthy, beef herds had significantly (p = 0.0107) higher seropositivity (50% of them above 35% of seropositivity) compared with those for milk purposes (4.8%) (OR = 20.0; 95%CI 1.2-331.0). Other risk factors were not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) associated with N. caninum seropositivity. Bovine neosporosis may be associated with abortions in both beef and dairy Colombian farms. More studies about the epidemiology, associated factors and consequences, as well as on tools for better diagnosis of bovine abortion, including histopathology and other ancillary tests, should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Idarraga-Bedoya
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jaime Álvarez-Chica
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigacion BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Dadin Prando Moore
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Council, CP7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigacion BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Department of Animal Production, National Research Council, CP7620 Balcarce, Argentina; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
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27
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Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Almería S, Castro-Scholten S, Dubey JP, Amaro-López MA, Cano-Terriza D. Epidemiological surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105137. [PMID: 32950886 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is a worldwide zoonotic disease, which affects most warm-blooded species. Besides the zoonotic relevance, toxoplasmosis is one of the major causes of reproductive disorders in small ruminants. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in sheep and goats in southern Spain. During 2015-2017, a total of 1,943 small ruminants (998 sheep and 945 goats) from 127 flocks were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:25). Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 464 of the 998 sheep (46.5 %; CI95 %: 43.4-49.6%) and 362 of the 945 goats (38.3 %; CI95 %: 35.2-41.4%) tested. The farm prevalence was 98.4 % (CI95 %: 95.4-100%) for sheep and 93.7 % (CI95 %: 87.6-99.7%) for goats. The generalized estimating equation analysis showed that presence of cats and existence of previous reproductive disorders were risk factors potentially associated with T. gondii seropositivity in small ruminants. Two statistically significant spatial clusters (P < 0.001) were identified. The seroprevalence observed in the present study indicates a widespread exposure to T. gondii in sheep and goats in southern Spain, which might have important implications for animal and public health. Management measures should be implemented in small ruminant farms in this region in order to reduce the risk of T. gondii infections, particularly in those areas identified in the spatial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Almería
- Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | | | - Jitender P Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Manuel A Amaro-López
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
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Naidenova EV, Zakharov KS, Kartashov MY, Agafonov DA, Senichkina AM, Magassouba N, Nourdine I, Nassour AA, Bah MB, Kourouma A, Boumbali S, Boiro MY, Scherbakova SA, Kutyrev VV, Dedkov VG. Prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in rural areas of Guinea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101475. [PMID: 32723661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a comprehensive survey of Guinea with the aim of assessing the burden of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in rural areas of the country. Human serum samples (n = 2207) were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of specific IgG against CCHFV. In addition, 4273 samples of partially- or fully-engorged ticks from several sources (cattle, domestic and roving dogs, and small mammals) were collected and studied using ELISA and RT-qPCR to detect CCHFV antigen and specific RNA. The data obtained show that 3.0 % of the population in rural Guinea was seropositive, without significant geographical or sexual differences. Seropositive individuals, however, were mainly in the 'active age' group (16-45 years old). Among ticks studied, the estimated prevalence of CCHFV was 1.3 ± 0.4 %. Five out of eight tick species studied were identified as CCHFV carriers in Guinea. Therefore, it can be assumed that the territory of Guinea is a single, continuous, natural focus of CCHFV. This identified medium intensity focus merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Naidenova
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - K S Zakharov
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - M Y Kartashov
- State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology 'Vector', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - D A Agafonov
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - A M Senichkina
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - N'Faly Magassouba
- Laboratorie of Virologic B1568 Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Draft Research on hemorrhagic fevers in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - I Nourdine
- Laboratorie of Virologic B1568 Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Draft Research on hemorrhagic fevers in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - A A Nassour
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
| | - M B Bah
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
| | - A Kourouma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
| | - S Boumbali
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
| | - M Y Boiro
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
| | - S A Scherbakova
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - V V Kutyrev
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute 'Microbe', Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - V G Dedkov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Monitoring of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Russian Federation; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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29
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Zhuge S, Ge C, Yang Y, Cui Y, Yue X, Zhang Z, Xu H, Huang A, Zhao Y. The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:503-512. [PMID: 32472310 PMCID: PMC7259741 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and object The risk of occult HBV infection (OBI) in children whose mothers are HBV carriers has received more widespread attention, but there were few reports to focus on the children with HBsAg-positive parents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents. Methods HBV-vaccinated Chinese hospitalized children with HBsAg-positive parents were analyzed in our investigation. Eligible subjects were tested using a standard nested PCR for all HBV genes, and analyzed by direct sequencing. Results There were 327 HBsAg-negative children included in the study out of about 9800 involved HBV-vaccinated hospitalized children. The positive rate of OBI was 3.1% (10/327) in the eligible children and 14.1% (46/327) with HBV DNA detectable. No significant differences were found between one and at least two regions positive groups (p > 0.05). The proportions of HBV DNA detectable in children with HBV father-carriers and mother-carriers were similar. The risk factors for HBV DNA-positive children could be male, anti-HBs levels, and anti-HBc positive. Conclusion There are 3.1% of OBIs and 14.1% of suspected OBI in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents. The potential risk of suspected OBI in children with HBsAg-positive father should not be ignored. Anti-HBc positivity may be a useful seromarker for suspected OBI screening in vaccinated children. To prevent HBV breakthrough infection, accurate and convenient method is needed to detect OBI timely and exhaustively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-020-10055-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Zhuge
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Congcong Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology On Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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Díaz-Cao JM, Lorca-Oró C, Pujols J, Cano-Terriza D, de Los Ángeles Risalde M, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Caballero-Gómez J, García-Bocanegra I. Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bluetongue virus in wild ruminants. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101461. [PMID: 32151837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a reportable re-emerging vector-borne disease of animal health concern. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are frequently used in BT surveillance programs in domestic ruminants, but their diagnostic accuracy has not been evaluated for wild ruminants, which can play an important role as natural reservoirs of bluetongue virus (BTV). The aim of this study was to assess two commercial ELISAs for BT diagnosis in wild ruminants using control sera of known BTV infection status and field samples. When control sera were tested, the double recognition ELISA (DR-ELISA) showed 100 % sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), while the competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) had 86.4 % Se and 97.1 % Sp. Using field samples, the selected latent-class analysis model showed 95.7 % Se and 85.9 % Sp for DR-ELISA, 58.2 % Se and 95.8 % Sp for C-ELISA and 84.2 % Se for the serum neutralization test (SNT). Our results indicate that the DR-ELISA may be a useful diagnostic method to assess BTV circulation in endemic areas, while the C-ELISA should be selected when free-areas are surveyed. The discrepancy between control and field samples point out that the inclusion of field samples is required to assess the accuracy of commercial ELISAs for the serological diagnosis of BTV in wild ruminants.
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Cano-Terriza D, Almería S, Caballero-Gómez J, Jiménez-Martín D, Castro-Scholten S, Dubey JP, García-Bocanegra I. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in Spain. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104930. [PMID: 32109781 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A serosurvey was performed to assess exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in Spain and to determine the dynamics of seropositivity in some zoo species over time. Sera from 393 zoo animals belonging to 91 species were collected in eight zoos in Spain between 2007 and 2019. Additionally, 39 of the 393 animals from five of the analyzed zoos were longitudinally sampled during the same study period. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 165 (42.0 %; CI95 %: 37.1-46.9) of 393 animals by the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off = 25). Antibody titers of 25, 50, 100 and ≥500 were found in 25 (15.2 %), 65 (39.4 %), 26 (15.8 %), and 49 (29.7 %) of the seropositive animals, respectively. Feeding habits (carnivorous species) was a risk factor (OR = 5.6; P < 0.001; CI95 %: 3.8-9.0) potentially associated with T. gondii exposure. Eighteen (46.2 %) of the 39 animals longitudinally sampled were always seropositive and five animals (12.8 %) (two spotted hyaena [Crocuta crocuta], one blesbok [Damaliscus pygargus], one white rhinoceros [Ceratotherium simum] and one mouflon [Ovis aries musimon]) seroconverted during the study period. Our results evince a wide circulation of T. gondii in zoos in Spain, including wild felids. Zoo animals can be useful sentinel species to monitor T. gondii circulation in epidemiological scenarios with a close human-wildlife interface. Control measures should be implemented in zoo parks to minimize the risk of exposure of zoo species to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cano-Terriza
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Sonia Almería
- Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit and Clinical Virology and Zoonoses Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Jitender P Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Hendry AJ, Beard FH, Dey A, Quinn H, Hueston L, Dwyer DE, McIntyre PB. Lower immunity to poliomyelitis viruses in Australian young adults not eligible for inactivated polio vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:2572-2577. [PMID: 32037225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are limited long-term data on seroprevalence of neutralising antibody (nAb) to the three poliovirus serotypes following the switch from oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). In Australia, combination vaccines containing IPV replaced OPV in late 2005. Using serum and plasma specimens collected during 2012 and 2013, we compared prevalence of nAb to poliovirus type 1 (PV1), type 2 (PV2) and type 3 (PV3) in birth cohorts with differing IPV and OPV eligibility from an Australian population-based sample. In the total sample of 1673 persons aged 12 months to 99 years, 85% had nAb against PV1, 83% PV2 and 67% PV3. In the cohort 12 to <18 years (eligible for 4 OPV doses, last dose 8-14 years prior), a significantly lower proportion had nAb than in the 7 to <12 year cohort (eligible for 3 OPV doses and an IPV booster, last dose 3-8 years prior) for all poliovirus types: [PV1: 87.1% vs. 95.9% (P = 0.01), PV2: 80.4% vs. 92.9% (P = 0.003) and PV3: 38.1% vs. 84.0% (P < 0.0001)]. These data suggest individual-level immunity may be better maintained when an OPV primary schedule is boosted by IPV, and support inclusion of an IPV booster in travel recommendations for young adults who previously received only OPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Hendry
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Frank H Beard
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aditi Dey
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Quinn
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Linda Hueston
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominic E Dwyer
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Galor I, Perry Markovich M, Wolf D, Haber M, Hartal M, Avramovich E. Population seroprotection against hepatitis a virus in Israel 18 years after introduction of inactivated vaccine into the routine childhood vaccination schedule. Vaccine 2020; 38:1593-1596. [PMID: 31932135 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is part of the routine vaccination schedule in Israel since 1999. As of 2016, new recruits to the Israel Defense Forces should have been vaccinated in their childhood. This sero-survey aimed to determine immunity against HAV 18 years after childhood vaccination, and to re-evaluate the need for HAV vaccination booster upon recruitment. Two populations were studied: soldiers who were recruited during 2011-2012, who belonged to birth cohorts before childhood vaccination (BCV) was introduced; and recruits from 2017, who belonged to birth cohorts after childhood vaccination (ACV) was introduced. Data on 339 BCV recruits and 295 ACV recruits were analyzed. Seropositivity was 35% in the BCV group and 68% in the ACV group (P < 0.0001). Seropositivity rates among ACV subjects enable evaluation of the vaccination program's impact on the population. Our findings do not support discontinuation of HAV vaccination of at risk groups until further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Galor
- Public Health Branch, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; Bar Ilan University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Management, Israel.
| | - Michal Perry Markovich
- Public Health Branch, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; Israel Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meital Haber
- Public Health Branch, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel
| | - Michael Hartal
- Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eva Avramovich
- Public Health Branch, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; Bar Ilan University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Management, Israel
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Gérardin P, Porphyre V, Tsatoromila A, Cuissard L, Becquart JP, Boussaid K, Bertolotti A, Naze F, Picot S, Filleul L, Tortosa P, Jaubert J, Guernier V, Pascalis H. Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island. One Health 2019; 8:100110. [PMID: 31709296 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been scarcely investigated in the Indian Ocean. Following a nationwide serosurvey among blood donors, we conducted a population-based serosurvey to assess the magnitude of HEV exposure on Reunion Island. Methods Four hundred and sixty-six archived frozen human sera from the 2009 CoPanFlu-RUN cohort were analysed using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. HEV seropositivity was defined as an IgG titre ≥5 UI/ml. Raw and weighted seroprevalences were assessed to account for the discrepancy between the CoPanFlu-RUN subset and the general community. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) were measured using log-binomial models. Results The raw and the weighted seroprevalences of HEV were 9.01% (95% CI 6.41–11.61) and 6.73% (95% CI 4.47–8.98), respectively. The presence of HEV IgG antibodies was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001). In a survey-adjusted model minimizing the sampling bias and adjusting for age, males were more likely to be seropositive than females (adjusted PPR 2.59, 95% CI 1.07–6.25). Seropositivity was spatially heterogeneous across the island (P < 0.01). Living in the neighbourhood of a pig farm within a low to intermediate slope area was associated with seropositivity in several models adjusting for age, gender, altitude of residency and interaction between slope and pig farms. Conclusion Reunion Island is a low endemic area for HEV exposure. Despite limitations related to the retrospective study design, our findings confirm the roles of cumulative lifetime exposure and male gender in HEV exposure. The risk associated with neighbouring pig farms might also suggest environmental contamination in this setting.
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Gérardin P, Zemali N, Bactora M, Camuset G, Balleydier E, Pascalis H, Guernier V, Mussard C, Bertolotti A, Koumar Y, Naze F, Picot S, Filleul L, Pages F, Tortosa P, Jaubert J. Seroprevalence of typhus group and spotted fever group Rickettsia exposures on Reunion island. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:387. [PMID: 31288833 PMCID: PMC6617902 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Murine typhus has been increasingly reported on Reunion island, Indian ocean, following documentation of eight autochthonous infections in 2012–2013. We conducted a serosurvey to assess the magnitude of the seroprevalence of rickettsioses in the population. Two hundred and forty-one stored frozen sera taken from the 2009 Copanflu-RUN cohort were analysed using an immunofluorescence assay allowing to distinguish typhus group (TGR) and spotted fever group Rickesttsiae (SFGR). Seropositivity was defined for a dilution titre of Rickettsia IgG antibodies ≥ 1:64. Seroprevalence was weighted to account for the discrepancy between the Copanflu-RUN subset and the general population, as to infer prevalence at community level. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) were measured using log-binomial models. Results The weighted seroprevalences of typhus group rickettsioses and spotted fever group rickettsioses were of 12.71% (95% CI 8.84–16.58%) and 17.68% (95% CI 13.25–22.11%), respectively. Pooled together, data suggested that a fifth of the population had been exposed at least to one Rickettsia group. Youths (< 20 years) were less likely seropositive than adults (adjusted PPR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01–0.91). People living in the western dryer part of the island were more exposed (adjusted PPR 2.53, 95% CI 1.07–5.97). Rickettsioses are endemic on Reunion island and circulated before their first identification as murine typhus in year 2011. Surprisingly, since isolation of Rickettsia africae from Amblyomma variegatum in year 2004 or isolation of Rickettsia felis from Amblyomma loculosum, no autochthonous cases of African tick-bite fever or flea-borne spotted fever has yet been diagnosed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4416-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gérardin
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410 Epidémiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, BP 350, 97448, Saint Pierre Cedex, Reunion, France. .,UM 134 PIMIT Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion, France.
| | - Naël Zemali
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Marie Bactora
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Guillaume Camuset
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Elsa Balleydier
- Cellule d'Intervention Régionale et d'Epidémiologie, Océan Indien, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Denis, Reunion, France
| | - Hervé Pascalis
- UM 134 PIMIT Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion, France
| | - Vanina Guernier
- Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Corinne Mussard
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410 Epidémiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, BP 350, 97448, Saint Pierre Cedex, Reunion, France
| | - Antoine Bertolotti
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1410 Epidémiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, BP 350, 97448, Saint Pierre Cedex, Reunion, France.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Yatrika Koumar
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Florence Naze
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Sandrine Picot
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Laurent Filleul
- Cellule d'Intervention Régionale et d'Epidémiologie, Océan Indien, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Denis, Reunion, France
| | - Frédéric Pages
- Cellule d'Intervention Régionale et d'Epidémiologie, Océan Indien, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Denis, Reunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- UM 134 PIMIT Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion, France
| | - Julien Jaubert
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Parasitologie, CHU de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Reunion, France
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Jiménez-Ruiz S, Paniagua J, Isla J, Martínez-Padilla AB, de Los Ángeles Risalde M, Caballero-Gómez J, Cano-Terriza D, Pujols J, Arenas A, García-Bocanegra I. Description of the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic ruminants. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:189-193. [PMID: 31300112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg disease (SBD) is an emerging disease transmitted mainly among ruminant species by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Since the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first identified in Germany in late 2011, it rapidly spread to other European countries. The aims of the present study were to describe the first SBD outbreak in Spain and to assess the spread and risk factors associated with SBV infection in domestic ruminants from nearby farms during the following year. In March 2012, one malformed stillborn lamb from a sheep farm located in Cordoba province (Southern Spain) was subjected to necropsy. Pathological compatible lesions and molecular analyses confirmed the first SBV infection in Spain. Afterwards, serum samples from 505 extensively reared domestic ruminants from 29 farms were analysed using both blocking ELISA and virus neutralization test against SBV. The overall seroprevalence was 54.4% (CI95%: 50.0-58.7). Antibodies were detected in 70.6%, 46.0% and 34.8% of cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that the main risk factors associated with SBV infection were: species (cattle), age (adult), and absence of animal insecticide treatment. Pathological and molecular results confirmed the presence of SBV in Spain few months after it was firstly identified in Germany. The seroprevalence detected indicates a widespread circulation of SBV in nearby domestic ruminant farms one year after this first outbreak was reported in Spain. Further studies are warranted to determine the spatio-temporal trend of SBV in domestic ruminants in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, (SaBio-IREC, UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jorge Paniagua
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julio Isla
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Martínez-Padilla
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Arenas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Cano-Terriza D, Martínez R, Moreno A, Pérez-Marín JE, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Paniagua J, Borge C, García-Bocanegra I. Survey of Aujeszky's Disease Virus in Hunting Dogs from Spain. Ecohealth 2019; 16:351-355. [PMID: 31300937 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact with swine infected by Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) represents a potential risk of transmission to carnivore species, in which the infection is normally fatal. We assessed exposure to ADV in hunting dogs in an area where the virus is highly endemic in wild boar populations. Two out of 466 (0.43%; 95% CI 0.00-1.02%) hunting dogs analyzed were positive by gE-bELISA, gB-bELISA and the virus neutralization test. The seroprevalence levels detected, as well as the absence of reports of clinical cases in the hunting dog groups tested, indicate limited contact of this species with ADV in the study area. Further studies are warranted to assess the pathogenicity of Aujeszky's disease virus strains infecting wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 1003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - A Moreno
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - J E Pérez-Marín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 1003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Paniagua
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Borge
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - I García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Hsu CH, Wannemuehler KA, Soofi S, Mashal M, Hussain I, Bhutta ZA, McDuffie L, Weldon W, Farag NH. Poliovirus immunity among children under five years-old in accessible areas of Afghanistan, 2013. Vaccine 2019; 37:1577-1583. [PMID: 30782488 PMCID: PMC6466626 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afghanistan remains among the three countries with endemic wild poliovirus transmission, and high population immunity levels are required to interrupt transmission and prevent outbreaks. Surveillance and vaccination of children in Afghanistan have been challenging due to security issues limiting accessibility in certain areas. METHODS A serosurvey was conducted in 2013 within accessible enumeration areas (EAs) among children aged <5 years using samples collected for a national micronutrient assessment survey to assess poliovirus immunity in Afghanistan. Of 21194 total EAs in Afghanistan, 107 were inaccessible and therefore were excluded from the sampling frame. RESULTS Population immunity was high overall but varied for the poliovirus serotypes, and was lowest for type 3 (95% [95% CI: 93%, 96%]) compared to type 1 (99% [95% CI:97%, 99%]) and type 2 (98% [95% CI:96%, 99%]). The proportion of the population immune to all three types was 93% (95% CI: 91%, 95%), and the proportion seronegative for all three types was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%, 1.7%). CONCLUSION Except for regional differences in immunity to type 3 virus, there were no other apparent differences in seroprevalence by region or by any of the demographic or nutritional characteristics assessed in this study. The study was not powered to provide provincial level seroprevalence estimates, but Paktika Province, in the South region, had the largest proportion of seronegative specimens for type 1 (4 seronegative of 17 serum specimens compared to 14 seronegative of 673 for the remainder of the areas). Among accessible children in Afghanistan, seroprevalence of antibodies to poliovirus was high, with most seroprevalence reported at 95% or greater. Despite high seroprevalence in areas assessed in this study, the continued detection of poliovirus cases in the South and East regions indicate that overall regional vaccination coverage and performance is not sufficient to stop polio transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Hsu
- Polio Eradication Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Sajid Soofi
- Woman and Child Health Division, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Woman and Child Health Division, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Woman and Child Health Division, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - William Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noha H Farag
- Polio Eradication Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mourya DT, Yadav PD, Gurav YK, Pardeshi PG, Shete AM, Jain R, Raval DD, Upadhyay KJ, Patil DY. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever serosurvey in humans for identifying high-risk populations and high-risk areas in the endemic state of Gujarat, India. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 30709372 PMCID: PMC6359815 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a highly infectious zoonotic disease of humans transmitted by Hyalomma ticks. Earlier studies have shown CCHF seroprevalence in livestock throughout India, yet sporadic outbreaks have been recorded mostly from the Gujarat state of India since 2011. Occupational vulnerability to CCHF for animal handlers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, and healthcare workers has been documented. The current study was planned to determine the seroprevalence of CCHF with an intention to identify the high -risk population and high -risk areas from Gujarat state, India. Methods Based on the socio-clinical data, the human population of Gujarat was divided into eight categories viz. A: CCHF affected person/house/close contact, B: Neighborhood contacts, C: Animal handlers, D: General population, E: Farmers, F: Abattoir workers, G: Veterinarian, H: Healthcare workers. A total of 4978 human serum samples were collected from 33 districts of Gujarat during year 2015, 2016 and 2017. All the samples were screened for the presence of anti-CCHFV IgG using indigenously developed anti-CCHFV IgG ELISA. Univariate regression analysis was performed to recognize significant risk factors for CCHF seropositivity. Results Twenty-five serum samples were found to be positive with an overall CCHF human seropositivity of 0.5% (95% CI 0.30–0.74%). Gender predisposition to CCHF prevalence was observed in males (OR: 2.80; p-value: 0.020). The risk for seropositivity increased sevenfold when a person was in contact or neighbor with a CCHF case (OR 7.02; p-value: < 0.0001). No significant difference in seropositivity was observed within different age groups. Veterinarians, healthcare workers, and control group were found to be seronegative for CCHF. Conclusions In-spite of CCHF sporadic outbreaks reported in Gujarat, the seropositivity for CCHF in the state was low as compared to other endemic countries. Males, close contacts and neighbors were identified as a high-risk population for CCHF infection. To recognize the high-risk area, tick screening and animal serosurvey would be a wiser choice. The study also suggests circulation and under diagnoses of CCHFV in the naïve regions of Gujarat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra T Mourya
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India.
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
| | - Yogesh K Gurav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
| | - Prachi G Pardeshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
| | - Anita M Shete
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Jain
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
| | - Dinkar D Raval
- State Health Society, Health and Family Welfare Department, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Deepak Y Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411001, India
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Yang YT, Huang AL, Zhao Y. The prevalence of hepatitis B core antibody in vaccinated Chinese children: A hospital-based study. Vaccine 2018; 37:458-463. [PMID: 30527659 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS After nearly 30 years of immunization, there is little known about the prevalence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in Chinese children. The clinical significance of anti-HBc would be more and more important. In this study, we had tried to analyse the prevalence of anti-HBc in vaccinated Chinese children, exploring the post-immunization status based on a large sample sized investigation. METHODS Proportions of anti-HBc were analysed among 215,627 hospitalized Chinese children immunized with HBV vaccination in this study. RESULTS The proportions of anti-HBc were divided into 3 stages: 36.6% in 0-year-old group, followed by 1- to 10-year-old which stayed relatively stable (5.69 ± 0.40%, [4.86-6.28%]), and significant increasing within 11- to 16-year-old (7.80 ± 1.24%, [6.62-9.74%]), meanwhile, similar changes of HBsAg were showed in the corresponding ages, and significantly increased in children older than 9-year (1.40%, [1.00-2.04%]), comparing with 0.30% in 0-year-old, 0.55 ± 0.13% (0.30-0.64%) in 1- to 9-year-old. The average level of anti-HBc maintains 5.99% in children aged 1- to 16-year with 0.63% for HBsAg. CONCLUSION This is the first study of the prevalence of anti-HBc in vaccinated Chinese children: 36.6% of anti-HBc-positivity was found in 0-year-old group, which could be maternal in origin. Relatively high prevalence of anti-HBc may not be ignored in children aged 1- to 16-year-old. Strangely, our data also showed that HBV breakthrough infection would occur in immunized Chinese children older than 9-year-old, and more attention is needed on those children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Yang
- Research Center for Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Research Center for Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Amaral CD, Costa GB, de Souza WM, Alves PA, Borges IA, Tolardo AL, Romeiro MF, Drumond BP, Abrahão JS, Kroon EG, Paglia AP, Figueiredo LTM, de Souza Trindade G. Silent Orthohantavirus Circulation Among Humans and Small Mammals from Central Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ecohealth 2018; 15:577-589. [PMID: 30105563 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New World orthohantaviruses are emerging RNA viruses that cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). These viruses are a burden to public health around the world with a lethality rate of around 60%. In South America, rodents of Sigmodontinae subfamily are the main reservoirs of orthohantaviruses. We described a serosurvey for orthohantaviruses circulation in an apparently healthy human population and small mammals from rural areas in Central Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 240 individuals and 50 small mammals (26 rodents belonging to 10 different species and 24 marsupials from 4 different species) were sampled during 2012-2013. The seroprevalence rates of IgG/IgM antibodies in humans were 7.1 and 1.6%, respectively. Only one rodent, an Oligoryzomys nigripes captured in peridomestic area, tested positive for IgG antibodies and viral RNA. Our findings suggest a silent circulation of orthohantaviruses in a region of intensive agriculture production. The detection of seropositive humans in an area with a lack of previous HCPS reports highlights potential oligosymptomatic cases and the need for surveillance strategies that could reduce the risk of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dourado Amaral
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Galileu Barbosa Costa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iara Apolinário Borges
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Lavado Tolardo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Farignoli Romeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Freidl GS, Tostmann A, Curvers M, Ruijs WLM, Smits G, Schepp R, Duizer E, Boland G, de Melker H, van der Klis FRM, Hautvast JLA, Veldhuijzen IK. Immunity against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis A and hepatitis B among adult asylum seekers in the Netherlands, 2016. Vaccine 2018; 36:1664-1672. [PMID: 29454516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asylum seekers are a vulnerable population for contracting infectious diseases. Outbreaks occur among children and adults. In the Netherlands, asylum seeker children are offered vaccination according to the National Immunization Program. Little is known about protection against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in adult asylum seekers. In this 2016 study, we assessed the immunity of adult asylum seekers against nine VPD to identify groups that might benefit from additional vaccinations. We invited asylum seekers from Syria, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Eritrea and Ethiopia to participate in a serosurvey. Participants provided informed consent and a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. We measured prevalence of protective antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, diphtheria, tetanus, polio type 1-3 and hepatitis A and B, stratified them by country of origin and age groups. The median age of the 622 participants was 28 years (interquartile range: 23-35), 81% were male and 48% originated from Syria. Overall, seroprotection was 88% for measles (range between countries: 83-93%), 91% for mumps (81-95%), 94% for rubella (84-98%), 96% for varicella (92-98%), 82% for diphtheria (65-88%), 98% for tetanus (86-100%), 91% (88-94%) for polio type 1, 95% (90-98%) for polio type 2, 82% (76-86%) for polio type 3, 84% (54-100%) for hepatitis A and 27% for hepatitis B (anti-HBs; 8-42%). Our results indicate insufficient protection against certain VPD in some subgroups. For all countries except Eritrea, measles seroprotection was below the 95% threshold required for elimination. Measles seroprevalence was lowest among adults younger than 25 years. In comparison, seroprevalence in the Dutch general population was 96% in 2006/07. The results of this study can help prioritizing vaccination of susceptible subgroups of adult asylum seekers, in general and in outbreak situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun S Freidl
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Tomtebodavägen 11A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Alma Tostmann
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moud Curvers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmina L M Ruijs
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Schepp
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Duizer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Boland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona R M van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene K Veldhuijzen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Alsuwaidi AR, Al-Mekaini LA, Kamal SM, Narchi H, Souid AK. Seroprevalence of influenza A and B viruses among unvaccinated children in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:379. [PMID: 28797306 PMCID: PMC5553759 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young children are at increased risk of severe influenza disease and, thus, are good candidates for receiving annual vaccination. Nevertheless, the influenza vaccine is infrequently given to children in our region. The primary objectives of this study are to monitor the serologic immunities against influenza A and B viruses, and provide pediatric data that support the need for influenza vaccination in the community. Methods Influenza A and B virus-specific IgG antibodies were measured in 294 children (median age 4.1 years; range 1.9–12.5 years) between July 2014 and September 2015. Results The percentage of children who were seropositive for influenza A IgG was 15.8%, equivocal 7.4%, and negative 76.8%. The corresponding values for influenza B IgG were 31.3, 9.6, and 59.1%, respectively. There was a higher seropositivity rate for influenza B than for influenza A in all age groups. The percentage of children who were seropositive for either influenza A or B IgG was 27.9% and for both was only 2.7%. Conclusions Most of the studied children are serologically naïve and, thus, are likely to acquire primary influenza disease. A national policy that endorses childhood influenza vaccination is highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Lolowa A Al-Mekaini
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Salwa M Kamal
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Hassib Narchi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
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Gutiérrez-Expósito D, García-Bocanegra I, Howe DK, Arenas-Montes A, Yeargan MR, Ness SL, Ortega-Mora LM, Álvarez-García G. A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:128. [PMID: 28490374 PMCID: PMC5424396 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine besnoitiosis, caused by Besnoitia bennetti, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi are relevant equine diseases in the Americas that have been scarcely studied in Europe. Thus, a serosurvey of these cystogenic coccidia was carried out in Southern Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed and serum samples from horses (n = 553), donkeys (n = 85) and mules (n = 83) were included. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to identify a Besnoitia spp. infection and positive results were confirmed by an a posteriori western blot. For Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp., infections were detected using in-house ELISAs based on the parasite surface antigens N. hughesi rNhSAG1 and S. neurona rSnSAG2/3/4. Risk factors associated with these protozoan infections were also investigated. Results Antibodies against Besnoitia spp., Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. infections were detected in 51 (7.1%), 46 (6.4%) and 20 (2.8%) of 721 equids, respectively. The principal risk factors associated with a higher seroprevalence of Besnoitia spp. were the host species (mule or donkey), the absence of shelter and the absence of a rodent control programme. The presence of rodents was the only risk factor for Neospora spp. infection. Conclusions This study was the first extensive serosurvey of Besnoitia spp. infection in European equids accomplished by two complementary tests and gives evidence of the presence of specific antibodies in these populations. However, the origin of the infection is still unclear. Further parasite detection and molecular genotyping are needed to identify the causative Besnoitia and Neospora species. Finally, cross-reactions with antibodies directed against other species of Sarcocystis might explain the positive reactions against the S. neurona antigens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Daniel K Howe
- Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA
| | - Antonio Arenas-Montes
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Michelle R Yeargan
- Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA
| | - SallyAnne L Ness
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Box 52, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Luis M Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Gallone MS, Gallone MF, Larocca AMV, Germinario C, Tafuri S. Lack of immunity against rubella among Italian young adults. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:199. [PMID: 28270106 PMCID: PMC5341462 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support the evaluation of the 2010-15 National Plan for Measles and Congenital Rubella Elimination, the authors designed and performed a serosurveillance survey to verify the immunity/susceptibility rate against rubella among Apulian young adults. METHODS The study was carried out from May 2011 to June 2012 in the Department of Transfusion Medicine/Blood Bank of Policlinico General Hospital in Bari. Subjects were enrolled by a convenience sampling. For each enrolled patient a 5 ml serum sample was collected and tested for anti-rubella IgG. The geometrical means (GMT) of anti-rubella IgG was calculated. T student test or ANOVA test, when appropriate, was used to compare the means of age per gender and GMT of anti-rubella IgG titres per age classes. Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of anti-rubella IgG positive subjects per gender and per age classes. For all tests, a p value <0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS At the end of the study 1764 subjects were enrolled, 1362 (77.2%) of which were male. The mean age was 38.4 ± 11.7 years (range: 17-65). 86.7% (95% CI = 85.0-88.2) had a positive titre of anti-rubella IgG. GMT of anti-rubella IgG titre was 4.3. The proportion of positive subjects was of 76.8% (n = 279/363; 95% CI = 72.2-81.1) in persons aged 18-26 years; 88.1% (n = 310/352; 95% CI = 84.2-91.3) in 27-35 year-old people; 88.5% (n = 464/524; 95% CI = 85.5-91.1) in 36-45 year-old people; 90.7% (n = 350/386; 95% CI = 87.3-93.4) among people aged 46-55 years and 90.6% (n = 126/139; 95% CI = 84.5-94.9) in 55-65 year-old people (Chi-square = 39.7; p < 0.0001). GMT of anti-rubella IgG titre was 4.3 (4.3 in male and 4.2 in female, t = 2.2; p = 0.03) and seems to differ dividing the enrolled subjects by age group (F = 14.3; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS According to our data, too many women of child-bearing age are still unprotected from rubella in the elimination era and in this scenario the public health efforts should be oriented to catch-up activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Gallone
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Filomena Gallone
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Boughattas S, Behnke J, Sharma A, Abu-Madi M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in feral cats in Qatar. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:26. [PMID: 28100230 PMCID: PMC5242050 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cats are essential in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii as they can shed the environmentally resistant oocysts after acquiring infection. Human populations living in cities with high densities of feral cats are therefore likely to be at risk of infection. The current study is the first to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the feral cat population in Qatar. We investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii among 495 adult cats from urban and suburban districts in Qatar. Using results from the Modified Agglutination Test, we fitted statistical models with host sex, area and season as explanatory factors and seropositivity as the outcome. RESULTS The analysis revealed an overall seroprevalence of 82%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the summer season (P = 0.006). No significant difference was detected (P > 0.05) between seroprevalence in female and male cats and in cats from urban and suburban districts of Qatar. CONCLUSIONS Despite the seasonal difference, the observed seroprevalence of T. gondii suggests high environmental contamination throughout the year, with some female cats generating more intense responses compared to males. Both findings merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boughattas
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jerzy Behnke
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marawan Abu-Madi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Ortega-Mora LM, Ara V, Marco I, Lavín S, Carvajal-Valilla J, Morales A, Álvarez-García G. Absence of antibodies specific to Besnoitia spp. in European sheep and goats from areas in Spain where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:445-448. [PMID: 27815735 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Besnoitia besnoiti and B. caprae, which infect bovids (cattle and antelopes) and goats, respectively, are responsible for besnoitiosis, a chronic and debilitating disease. Bovine besnoitiosis is considered to be a reemerging disease in Central and Western Europe. In addition, infection by Besnoitia spp. has been reported in reindeer from Sweden and Finland. Recently, the parasite was also detected in roe deer and red deer from Spain, where an interconnection between the domestic and sylvatic cycles of B. besnoiti has been presumed. In contrast, caprine besnoitiosis seems to be enzootic to Kenya and Iran. The presence of Besnoitia spp. in small domestic ruminants has never been explored in Europe, and the role that these species might play in the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis, as intermediate hosts or reservoirs of B. besnoiti, remains unknown. Herein, the first serosurvey conducted in European sheep and goats from areas in Spain where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic is described. Convenience sampling was conducted of 1943 sheep and 342 goats close to cattle from the Pyrenees and Central Spain that were infected with endemic Besnoitia spp. Serum samples were first analyzed by ELISA and then by confirmatory Western blot. Specific antibodies were not found in any sampled animal. Thus, sheep are unlikely to play a role in the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis, at least in the sampled areas. A larger serosurvey is necessary to determine whether goats might be a putative reservoir. To confirm the results of this study, sheep and goats should be further studied in other European countries and regions where their numbers are high and where bovine besnoitiosis is spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Ara
- Centro Clínico Veterinario de Jaca, 22700, Huesca, Spain
| | - Ignasi Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Carvajal-Valilla
- Asociación Provincial de Agricultores y Ganaderos de Guadalajara (APAG), 19004, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Angel Morales
- Asociación Provincial de Agricultores y Ganaderos de Guadalajara (APAG), 19004, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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O'Hearn AE, Voorhees MA, Fetterer DP, Wauquier N, Coomber MR, Bangura J, Fair JN, Gonzalez JP, Schoepp RJ. Serosurveillance of viral pathogens circulating in West Africa. Virol J 2016; 13:163. [PMID: 27716429 PMCID: PMC5048616 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-Saharan Africa is home to a variety of pathogens, but disease surveillance and the healthcare infrastructure necessary for proper management and control are severely limited. Lassa virus, the cause of Lassa fever, a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans is endemic in West Africa. In Sierra Leone at the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory, up to 70 % of acute patient samples suspected of Lassa fever test negative for Lassa virus infection. This large amount of acute undiagnosed febrile illness can be attributed in part to an array of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne viruses causing disease that goes undetected and untreated. Methods To better define the nature and extent of viral pathogens infecting the Sierra Leonean population, we developed a multiplexed MAGPIX® assay to detect IgG antibodies against Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Rift Valley fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses as well as pan-assays for flaviviruses and alphaviruses. This assay was used to survey 675 human serum samples submitted to the Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory between 2007 and 2014. Results In the study population, 50.2 % were positive for Lassa virus, 5.2 % for Ebola virus, 10.7 % for Marburg virus, 1.8 % for Rift Valley fever virus, 2.0 % for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, 52.9 % for flaviviruses and 55.8 % for alphaviruses. Conclusions These data exemplify the importance of disease surveillance and differential diagnosis for viral diseases in Sierra Leone. We demonstrate the endemic nature of some of these viral pathogens in the region and suggest that unrecognized outbreaks of viral infection have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen E O'Hearn
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
| | - Matthew A Voorhees
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
| | - David P Fetterer
- Statistics Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - Moinya R Coomber
- Kenema Government Hospital, Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | | | - Randal J Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA.
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Tohme RA, Andre-Alboth J, Tejada-Strop A, Shi R, Boncy J, François J, Domercant JW, Griswold M, Hyppolite E, Adrien P, Kamili S. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Haiti: A cross-sectional serosurvey. J Clin Virol 2016; 76:66-71. [PMID: 26851543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B vaccine administered shortly after birth is highly effective in preventing mother to child transmission (MTCT) of infection. While hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in Haiti as part of a combined pentavalent vaccine in 2012, a birth dose is not yet included in the immunization schedule. OBJECTIVES Determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women to evaluate the risk of MTCT. STUDY DESIGN We selected 1364 residual serum specimens collected during a 2012 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sentinel serosurvey among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. Haiti was stratified into two regions: West, which includes metropolitan Port-au-Prince, and non-West, which includes all other departments. We evaluated the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and HIV infection with HBV infection. RESULTS Of 1364 selected specimens, 1307 (96%) were available for testing. A total of 422 specimens (32.7%) tested positive for total anti-HBc (38.2% in West vs. 27% in non-West, p<0.001), and 33 specimens (2.5%) were HBsAg positive (2.1% in West vs. 3% in non-West, p=0.4). Of HBsAg positive specimens, 79% had detectable HBV DNA. Women aged 30 and older had more than double the odds of positive total anti-HBc than women aged 15-19 years (p<0.001). Women with secondary (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.81) and post-secondary education (aOR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.19-0.79) had lower odds of total anti-HBc positivity compared with women with no education. HIV-status was not associated with HBV infection. CONCLUSIONS Haiti has an intermediate endemicity of chronic HBV infection with high prevalence of positive HBV DNA among chronically infected women. Introduction of a universal birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine might help prevent perinatal HBV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Tohme
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,USA.
| | | | | | - Ran Shi
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Boncy
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Haiti
| | - Jeannot François
- Expanded Program of Immunization, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Jean Wysler Domercant
- Haiti Country Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Mark Griswold
- Global Program, National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors, Washington DC, USA
| | - Erlantz Hyppolite
- National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Paul Adrien
- Directorate of Epidemiology, Laboratory and Research, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Saleem Kamili
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,USA
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Wikan N, Suputtamongkol Y, Yoksan S, Smith DR, Auewarakul P. Immunological evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:141-4. [PMID: 26919943 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify immunological evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand. METHODS To undertake a preliminary serosurvey of possible exposure to Zika virus, 21 serum samples from cohort of acute undifferentiated fever patients were examined for immunoreactivity to Zika, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya envelope antigens by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Twenty of the 21 serum samples showed immunoreactivity to at least one of the antigens, with seven samples showing immunoreactivity to all antigens. Of particular note, two serum samples showed immunoreactivity only to Zika envelope antigen, with no immunoreactivity to other envelope antigens. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first evidence of Zika virus transmission in Thailand, although as yet the relationship between transmission and possible cases of Zika fever in Thailand requires further investigation.
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