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Sauer SM, Fulcher IR, Matias WR, Paxton R, Elnaiem A, Gonsalves S, Zhu J, Guillaume Y, Franke M, Ivers LC. Missing data and missed infections: Investigating racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection rates in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Am J Epidemiol 2024:kwae011. [PMID: 38422371 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Routinely collected testing data has been a vital resource for public health response during the COVID-19 pandemic and has revealed the extent to which Black and Hispanic persons have borne a disproportionate burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations in the United States. However, missing race and ethnicity data and missed infections due to testing disparities limit the interpretation of testing data and obscure the true toll of the pandemic. We investigated potential bias arising from these two types of missing data through a case study in Holyoke, Massachusetts during the pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic. First, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 testing and case rates by race/ethnicity, imputing missing data using a joint modelling approach. We then investigated disparities in SARS-CoV-2 reported case rates and missed infections by comparing case rate estimates to estimates derived from a COVID-19 seroprevalence survey. Compared to the non-Hispanic white population, we found that the Hispanic population had similar testing rates (476 vs. 480 tested per 1,000) but twice the case rate (8.1% vs. 3.7%). We found evidence of inequitable testing, with a higher rate of missed infections in the Hispanic population compared to the non-Hispanic white population (77 vs. 58 infections missed per 1,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Sauer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isabel R Fulcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA
| | - Wilfredo R Matias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ahmed Elnaiem
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jack Zhu
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Molly Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Matias WR, Guillaume Y, Cene Augustin G, Vissieres K, Ternier R, Slater DM, Harris JB, Franke MF, Ivers LC. Effectiveness of the Euvichol® oral cholera vaccine at 2 years: A case-control and bias-indicator study in Haiti. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:153-158. [PMID: 38000510 PMCID: PMC10784151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization recommends the use of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) in cholera control efforts. Euvichol®, pre-qualified in 2015, is the leading component of the Global OCV stockpile, but data on its field effectiveness are limited. To evaluate Euvichol® vaccine effectiveness (VE), we conducted a case-control study between September 2018 to March 2020 following an OCV campaign in November 2017 in Haiti. METHODS Cases were individuals with acute watery diarrhea. Stool samples were tested by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction of the Vibrio cholerae ctxA gene. Cases were matched to four community controls without diarrhea by residence, enrollment time, age, and gender, and interviewed for sociodemographics, risk factors, and self-reported vaccination. Cholera cases were analyzed by conditional logistic regression in the VE study. Non-cholera diarrhea cases were analyzed in a bias-indicator study. RESULTS We enrolled 15 cholera cases matched to 60 controls, and 63 non-cholera diarrhea cases matched to 249 controls. In the VE analysis, eight (53%) cases reported vaccination with any number of doses compared to 43 (72%) controls. Adjusted two-dose OCV VE was 69% (95% CI -71 to 94%). CONCLUSIONS Between 10-27 months after vaccination, Euvichol® was effective and similar to Shanchol™, suggesting that it can serve as one component of multi-sectoral comprehensive cholera control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo R Matias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Damien M Slater
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jason B Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, USA
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Matias WR, Fulcher IR, Sauer SM, Nolan CP, Guillaume Y, Zhu J, Molano FJ, Uceta E, Collins S, Slater DM, Sánchez VM, Moheed S, Harris JB, Charles RC, Paxton RM, Gonsalves SF, Franke MF, Ivers LC. Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:110-120. [PMID: 36652163 PMCID: PMC9847437 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering. RESULTS Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9-22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2-31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6-16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3-43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2-18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1-25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1-16.9). CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo R Matias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Isabel R Fulcher
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara M Sauer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cody P Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Zhu
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Molano
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Uceta
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Collins
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien M Slater
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Vanessa M Sánchez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Serina Moheed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jason B Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, BUL-130, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Matias WR, Guillaume Y, Augustin GC, Vissieres K, Ternier R, Charles RC, Harris JB, Franke MF, Ivers LC. Seroprevalence of Vibrio cholerae in Adults, Haiti, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1929-1932. [PMID: 37610182 PMCID: PMC10461664 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In Haiti in 2017, the prevalence of serum vibriocidal antibody titers against Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 among adults was 12.4% in Cerca-la-Source and 9.54% in Mirebalais, suggesting a high recent prevalence of infection. Improved surveillance programs to monitor cholera and guide public health interventions in Haiti are necessary.
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Guillaume Y, Debela M, Slater D, Vissieres K, Ternier R, Franke MF, Harris JB, Ivers LC. Poor Sensitivity of Stool Culture Compared to Polymerase Chain Reaction in Surveillance for Vibrio cholerae in Haiti, 2018-2019. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad301. [PMID: 37383250 PMCID: PMC10296062 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the sensitivity and specificity of stool culture compared to polymerase chain reaction for detecting Vibrio cholerae in Haiti during the waning period of the initial outbreak in 2018-2019. We found that stool culture (with a sensitivity of 33.3% and specificity of 97.4%) may not be sufficiently robust in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodeline Guillaume
- Correspondence: Yodeline Guillaume, MA, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02148 (); Louise Ivers, MD, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02148 ()
| | - Meti Debela
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Damien Slater
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenia Vissieres
- Department of Clinical Programs, Zanmi Lasante, Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Ralph Ternier
- Department of Clinical Programs, Zanmi Lasante, Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Clinical Programs, Zanmi Lasante, Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Jason B Harris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Correspondence: Yodeline Guillaume, MA, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02148 (); Louise Ivers, MD, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02148 ()
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Hossain AD, Nakalule M, Venkataraman S, Guillaume Y, Mohareb AM, Wandera DN, Joan KE, Hasunira R, Abenaitwe C, Stuart S, Mwehonge K, Asiimwe S, Ivers LC. Revisiting the role of civil society in responses to infectious disease outbreaks: a proposed framework and lessons from a COVID-19 vaccine equity coalition in Uganda. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012510. [PMID: 37399366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azfar D Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mastulah Nakalule
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Shreenithi Venkataraman
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir M Mohareb
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis Nelson Wandera
- Special Pathogens Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Kilande Esther Joan
- Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Hasunira
- Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cliff Abenaitwe
- Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ssebibubbu Stuart
- Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Mwehonge
- Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Asiimwe
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Elnaiem AD, Franke MF, Richterman A, Guillaume Y, Vissieres K, Augustin GC, Ternier R, Ivers LC. Food insecurity and risk of cholera: A cross-sectional study and exploratory analysis of potential mediators. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010574. [PMID: 36745661 PMCID: PMC9934351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity has been independently associated with developing cholera and there is an inverse relationship between national food security and annual cholera incidence. However, the factors that mediate the risk of cholera among food insecure households remain largely unexplored. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a cross-sectional survey of rural households in Haiti, we explored the role of food behaviors (i.e., dietary choices and food-handling practices) as mediators of cholera risk among food-insecure families. We generated a series of multivariable regression models to test hypothesized associations between the severity of food insecurity (measured by the Household Hunger Scale), hygiene and food behaviors, and history of severe, medically-attended cholera. Moderate household hunger (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.47, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05-2.04; p = 0.021) and severe hunger (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.45-4.15; p = 0.001) were positively associated with a history of severe, medically-attended cholera compared with little to no household hunger. Household hunger was positively associated with three behaviors: antacid use, consumption of leftover non-reheated food, and eating food and beverages prepared outside of the home (i.e., at a restaurant or from a vendor). Consumption of outside food items and antacid use were positively associated with a history of cholera. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that food behaviors may mediate the association between food insecurity and cholera and contribute to an understanding of how interventions could be designed to target food insecurity as part of cholera prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed D. Elnaiem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Molly F. Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron Richterman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Louise C. Ivers
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Le Nguyen M, Naoum M, Andre C, Lethier L, Limat S, Fagnoni-Legat C, Guillaume Y, Gauthier A. Physicochemical and microbiological stability of insulin eye drops in an artificial tear vehicle used in the treatment of refractory neurotrophic keratopathy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:860-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matias W, Fulcher I, Nolan C, Guillaume Y, Zhu J, Molano F, Uceta E, Collins S, Slater D, Sanchez V, Moheed S, Harris J, Charles R, Paxton R, Gonsalves S, Franke M, Ivers L. 396. Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence: Findings from a Citywide Serosurvey in Holyoke, Massachusetts, November 2020–January 2021. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8644318 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Seroprevalence studies are important tools to estimate the prevalence of prior or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections. This information is critical for identifying hotspots and high-risk groups and informing public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a city-level seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and risk factors for seropositivity.
Methods
We invited inhabitants of 2,000 randomly sampled addresses to participate between November 5 and December 31, 2020. Participants completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic and health characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure history, and provided dried blood spots for measurement of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies. To calculate total and group seroprevalence estimates, inverse probability of response weights were constructed based on age, gender, race/ethnicity and census tract to ensure estimates represented the city’s population.
Results
We enrolled 280 households including 472 individuals. 328 underwent antibody testing. The citywide weighted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM was 13.9% (95%CI 7.8 - 21.8) compared to 9.8% based on publicly reported case counts. Seroprevalence was 16.8% (95%CI 5.7 – 28.0) among individuals identifying as Hispanic compared to 8.9% (95%CI 3.0 - 14.7) among those identifying as White. Seroprevalence was 20.7% (95%CI 2.2 – 39.2) for ages 0-19; 13.8% (95%CI 5.6 – 22) for ages 20 – 44; 9.6% (95%CI 0 – 20.5) for ages 45 – 59; 4.8% (95%CI 0 – 10.2) for ages 60 – 84; and 42.9% (95%CI 0 – 100) for ages >85.
Table 1. Seroprevalence by antibody positivity profile
Table 2. Unweighted and weighted seroprevalence by sociodemographic characteristics
Figure 1. Seroprevalence by Medical, Symptom, Testing and Exposure History.
Conclusion
The measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Holyoke was only 13.9% during the second surge of SARS-CoV-2 in this region, far from accepted thresholds for “herd immunity” and highlighting the need for expanding vaccination. Individuals identifying as Hispanic were at high risk of prior infection. Subsequent community-level serosurveys are necessary to guide local responses to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cody Nolan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jack Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Damien Slater
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jason Harris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ryan Paxton
- Holyoke Board of Health, Holyoke, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Louise Ivers
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Daffé ZN, Guillaume Y, Ivers LC. Anti-Racism and Anti-Colonialism Praxis in Global Health-Reflection and Action for Practitioners in US Academic Medical Centers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:557-560. [PMID: 34280137 PMCID: PMC8592354 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The movement to decolonize global health and address power inequities among its actors is not new. Founded on the work of colonized and marginalized people themselves, initiatives at universities, schools of public health, and international development organizations have emerged to call for anti-racism and anti-colonialism within the field. US Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) have been less vocal in this wider discussion, despite their large engagement in the field through clinical, research, and medical education activities. As global health practitioners currently based at an AMC, we believe that it is important to critically evaluate our practices. We therefore propose three starting questions for our colleagues and students to consider and act upon as they adopt and navigate a praxis in anti-racism and anti-colonialism as foundational principles in global health. These questions call on us to closely examine the legacies of racism and colonialism in global health, the value placed on different ways of knowing in this field, and our motivations for engaging in this work. They are presented as a tool to reexamine global health, challenging the constructed binary of the "global South" and "global North," and the perceived ideas of poverty and resource scarcity as the natural immutable reality of the global South.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Guillaume Y, Raymond M, Jerome GJ, Ternier R, Ivers LC. 'It was a ravage!': lived experiences of epidemic cholera in rural Haiti. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001834. [PMID: 31798994 PMCID: PMC6861088 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A cholera epidemic began in Haiti over 8 years ago, prompting numerous, largely quantitative research studies. Assessments of local 'knowledge, attitudes and practices' relevant for cholera control have relied primarily on cross-sectional surveys. The voices of affected Haitians have rarely been elevated in the scientific literature on the topic. Methods We undertook focus groups with stakeholders in the Artibonite region of Haiti in 2011, as part of planning for a public health intervention to control cholera at the height of the epidemic. In this study, we coded and analysed themes from 55 community members in five focus groups, focusing on local experiences of cholera and responses to the prevention messages. Results The majority of participants had a personal experience with cholera and described its spread in militaristic terms, as a disease that 'attacked' individuals, 'ravaged' communities and induced fear. Pre-existing structural deficiencies were identified as increasing the risk of illness and death. Knowledge of public health messages coincided with some improvements in water treatment and handwashing, but not changes in open defecation in their community, and was sometimes associated with self-blame or shame. Most participants cited constrained resources, and a minority listed individual neglect, for inconsistent or unimproved practices. Conclusion The experience of epidemic cholera in a rural Haitian community at the beginning of a major outbreak included a high burden and was exacerbated by poverty, which increased risk while hindering practice of known prevention messages. To interrupt cholera transmission, public health education must be paired with investments in structural improvements that expand access to prevention and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Louise C Ivers
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Guillaume Y, Ternier R, Vissieres K, Casseus A, Chery MJ, Ivers LC. Responding to Cholera in Haiti: Implications for the National Plan to Eliminate Cholera by 2022. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S167-S170. [PMID: 30239937 PMCID: PMC6188568 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Ternier
- Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Boston, Massachusetts and Cange, Haiti
| | - Kenia Vissieres
- Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Boston, Massachusetts and Cange, Haiti
| | - Alain Casseus
- Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Boston, Massachusetts and Cange, Haiti
| | - Maurice J Chery
- Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Boston, Massachusetts and Cange, Haiti
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Boston, Massachusetts and Cange, Haiti.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Ivers
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sterin A, Demiguel V, Guillaume Y, Milien V, Harroche A, Wibaut B, Meunier S, Rafowicz A, Chambost H. CO-42 – Dispositifs d'accès veineux central chez l'enfant hémophile: registre national FranceCoag. Arch Pediatr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(15)30144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Gauthier AS, Rival B, Sahler J, Fagnoni-Legat C, Limat S, Guillaume Y, Delbosc B. Développement galénique et analytique d’un collyre à base de tacrolimus 0,06 %. J Fr Ophtalmol 2013; 36:408-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Chetaille B, Seriari N, Attias C, Guillaume Y, Olive D, Xerri L. Le récepteur inhibiteur PD-1 est un marqueur diagnostique utile pour le diagnostic des lymphomes à petites cellules, ainsi qu’une cible thérapeutique potentielle pour certains types de LNH. Ann Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(06)78397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Modelling Retention in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography in Relation to Temperature and Solvent Composition. Application to the Separation of Seven P-Hydroxybenzoic Esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Guillaume
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Faculté des Sciences Médiales et Pharmaceutiques , 25030 , Besançon , Cedex , France
| | - C. Guinchard
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Faculté des Sciences Médiales et Pharmaceutiques , 25030 , Besançon , Cedex , France
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18
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Guillaume Y, Cavalli EJ, Peyrin E, Guinchard C. A New Approach to Study Benzodiazepine Separation and the Differences Between a Methanol/Water and Acetonitrile/Water Mixture on Column Efficiency in Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708006329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Guillaume
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique , Faculté de Médécine Pharmacie , Place Saint-Jacques 25030, Besançon Cedex , France
| | - E. J. Cavalli
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique , Faculté de Médécine Pharmacie , Place Saint-Jacques 25030, Besançon Cedex , France
| | - E. Peyrin
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique , Faculté de Médécine Pharmacie , Place Saint-Jacques 25030, Besançon Cedex , France
| | - C. Guinchard
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique , Faculté de Médécine Pharmacie , Place Saint-Jacques 25030, Besançon Cedex , France
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19
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Guillaume Y, Andre C, Simon N, Gehin A, Guyon C, Thomassin M, Ismaili L, Aubin F, Nicod L. Chromatographic determination of the association constant between 8-methoxypsoralen and modified β-cyclodextrin: protective effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on 8-methoxypsoralen toxicity in human keratinocytes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 798:217-22. [PMID: 14643500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The retention of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) on an immobilised hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) column was analysed in HPLC by the determination of its Langmuir distribution isotherm. A such method was used to confirm the potential drug complexing role of this cyclodextrin. The 8-MOP/HP-beta-CD association constant (K) was equal to 29.5 and 18.7 M-1, respectively, at a temperature equal to 5 and 25 degrees C, respectively. These association constant values were used to determine the cytotoxicity profile of human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in relation to the complex concentration. It was showed through these data that HP-beta-CD had a cytoprotective since a reverse effect of HP-beta-CD on 8-MOP cytotoxicity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guillaume
- Equipe des Sciences Séparatives et Biopharmaceutiques, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Place Saint Jacques, 25030 Besançon, France.
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20
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Guillaume Y. Affinity chromatography study of magnesium and calcium binding to human serum albumin: pH and temperature variations. Talanta 2000; 53:561-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2000] [Revised: 07/19/2000] [Accepted: 07/25/2000] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Guillaume Y. Optimising mobile phase composition, its flow-rate and column temperature in HPLC using taboo search. Talanta 2000; 51:579-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/1999] [Revised: 10/04/1999] [Accepted: 10/26/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mignot B, Guillaume Y, Makki S, Murret E, Cavalli E, Truong TT, Thomassin M, Guinchard C. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of 5-methoxypsoralen in serum from patients. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 700:283-5. [PMID: 9390742 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) determination of 5-methoxypsoralen in serum is necessary for the therapeutic survey of patients treated with Puvatherapy (psoralen+UVA). The assay for this biological fluid involves an extraction with heptane-dichloromethane (4:1, v/v). The analytical method is linear from 50 to 250 ng/ml. This assay range is adequate for analysing human serum, as it corresponds to psoralen concentrations measured in serum from patients treated with psoralen and UVA against psoriasis and vitiligo. The limit of detection is 15 ng/ml. The coefficient of variation was less than 7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Besançon, France
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Thomassin M, Cavalli E, Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Comparison of quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography and the high performance liquid chromatography of parabens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:831-8. [PMID: 9172109 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(96)01914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the densitometric determination of the p-hydroxybenzoic esters and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in mixtures or in drugs. This method is compared with the one used in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The calibration curves were linear in interval 0.250-3.60 mumol ml-1 per 200 nl per spot. The limit of detection and the relative standard deviation (RSD) are higher than in HPLC (RSD is 6% in HPTLC. 3% in HPLC; limit of detection about 40 pmol in HPTLC and 25 pmol in HPLC) but HPTLC quantitative determination of parabens in drugs is faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomassin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Besancon, France
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24
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Prediction of Retention Times, Column Efficiency, and Resolution in Isothermal and Temperature-Programmed Gas Chromatography: Application for Separation of Four Psoralens. J Chromatogr Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/35.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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26
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Peyrin E, Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tazobactam by precolumn derivatization. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995; 672:160-4. [PMID: 8590930 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00193-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the detection and quantification of tazobactam in serum and haemofiltration fluid is described. The assay for these biological fluids involves an extraction with diethyl ether followed by derivatization using 1,2,4-triazole. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer-methanol and the detection wavelength was 325 nm. The limit of detection was 0.05 microgram/ml in the two fluids and the calibration curves were linear over the range 0.1-50 micrograms/ml. For a tazobactam concentration equal to 1, 5 or 20 micrograms ml-1, the coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of samples from drug monitoring in a patient with renal insufficiency undergoing continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peyrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie analytique, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Besancon, France
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27
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Marked differences between acetonitrile/water and methanol/water mobile phase systems on the thermodynamic behavior of benzodiazepines in reversed phase liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02274199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Guillaume Y, Thomassin M, Guinchard C. Prediction of gas chromatographic retention times, column efficiency and resolution as a function of temperature and flow-rate Application for gas chromatographic separation of eight p-hydroxybenzoic esters. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00266-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. A New Method to Study Column Efficiency and the Separation of Seven Compounds in Reversed-Phase Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/33.4.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Guillaume Y, Peyrin E, Guinchard C. Rapid determination of sulbactam and tazobactam in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995; 665:363-71. [PMID: 7795816 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00541-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of tazobactam and sulbactam, two beta-lactamase inhibitors, in serum for the therapeutic follow-up of patients is described. The effect of the pH of the aqueous mobile phase and column temperature on column efficiency and retention were examined and equations for their dependences were derived. The use of a chromatographic response function showed that methanol-buffer (5:95, v/v) (pH 6.3) as the mobile phase and a 45 degrees C column temperature were optimum values for chromatographic separation. The analytical method was linear from 10 to 200 micrograms/ml. This assay limit range is sufficient for the analysis of human serum. The limit of detection was 10 micrograms/ml for sulbactam and 5 micrograms/ml for tazobactam. The coefficient of variation was less than 5%. The speed at which this assay can be performed makes it especially useful for estimating the levels of these drugs in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guillaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Besançon, France
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Effect of ester molecular structure and column temperature on the retention of eight esters in gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02278759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Study and Optimization of Column Efficiency in HPLC: Comparison of Two Methods for Separating Ten Benzodiazepines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Guillaume Y, Guinchard C. Optimizing Mobile Phase Composition, its Flow Rate and Column Temperature in HPLC Using an Experimental Design Assisted with A Simplex Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308019701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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