1
|
Mohammadi T. Ameliorative effects of omega-3 and omega-6 on spermatogenesis, testicular antioxidant status and in vivo fertility index in heat-stressed rats. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103885. [PMID: 38861860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the use of omega-6 (ω6) or omega-3 (ω3) in reducing heat-induced damage to the testicles. This is due to the known detrimental effects of heat and the potential protective properties of ω6 and ω3. In the study, 48 male rats were divided into eight groups, each containing 6 rats. Group I (control) received normal saline. Group 2 was exposed to high temperatures (43 °C for 20 min/day) and also received normal saline for 60 days. Groups 3-7 underwent identical HS conditions and received varying doses of ω6 or ω3 (0.5 mg/kg DHPG, 1 mg/kg DHPG, 5 mg/kg HT, 0.5 mg/kg DHPG + 5 mg/kg HT, and 1 mg/kg DHPG + 5 mg/kg HT), respectively. After 60 days, various tests were conducted on the testicular tissue, sperm quality, oxidative status, gene activity, and in vivo fertility indexes to evaluate the effects of the treatments. Treatment with ω6 and ω3 could reduce abnormal morphology and DNA damage while increasing total and progressive motility, characteristics motility, viability, and plasma membrane functional impairment compared with HS-exposed groups. Antioxidant status levels in testicular tissue were improved after administration of ω6 and ω3. Furthermore, after receiving ω6 and ω3, there were significantly lower expression levels of P53 and Caspase-3 and significantly higher expression levels of Bcl-2 compared to the HS-exposed group. Furthermore, the results showed that administration of ω6 and ω3 to rats exposed to HS could increase their in vivo fertility indexes compared to the group not exposed to HS. According to our data, all doses of ω6 and ω3 (particularly doses of ω6-1.25 and ω3-300) can improve the testicular damage, testicular antioxidant defense mechanism, regulate germ cell apoptosis, and increase in vivo fertility indexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Mohammadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khazaei M, Alizadeh M, Rezakhani L. Resveratrol-loaded decellularized ovine pericardium: ECM introduced for tissue engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:387-401. [PMID: 38082540 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
An ideal scaffold for skin tissue engineering should have a suitable potential for antibacterial activity, no hemolysis, sufficient porosity for air exchange, water retention capacity, and a suitable swelling rate to maintain tissue moisture. Considering this issue, our study used decellularized ovine pericardial tissue's extracellular matrix (ECM). These scaffolds were decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium deoxycholate (SD) detergents along with vacuum methods. Following imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analysis of the mechanical properties, and the measurement of the amount of DNA, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG), our study observed that the three-dimensional (3D) structure of ECM was largely preserved. Resveratrol (RES) 400 µg/µL was loaded into the above scaffold, and analysis revealed that scaffolds containing RES and with vacuum reported higher antibacterial properties, a higher swelling rate, and increased water retention capacity. The biocompatibility and hemocompatibility properties of the above scaffolds also reported a significant difference between methods of decellularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jing J, Ouyang L, Zhang H, Liang K, Ma R, Ge X, Tang T, Zhao S, Xue T, Shen J, Ma J, Li Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Zhao W, Zheng L, Qian Z, Sun S, Ge Y, Chen L, Li C, Yao B. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its metabolite 12-HEPE rescue busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis via target to GPR120. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13551. [PMID: 37743695 PMCID: PMC10849791 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Busulfan is an antineoplastic, which is always accompanied with the abnormal of spermatogonia self-renewal and differentiation. It has been demonstrated that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits mature spermatozoa. However, whether omega-3 can protect endogenous spermatogonia and the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Evaluate of spermatogenesis function (in vivo) were examined by histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. The levels of lipid metabolites in testicular tissue were determined via liquid chromatography. We investigated the effect of lipid metabolites on Sertoli cells provided paracrine factors to regulate spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation using co-culture system. In our study, we showed that omega-3 PUFAs significantly improved the process of sperm production and elevated the quantity of both undifferentiated Lin28+ spermatogonia and differentiated c-kit+ spermatogonia in a mouse model where spermatogenic function was disrupted by busulfan. Mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the levels of several omega-3 metabolites in the testes of mice fed with omega-3 PUFAs. The eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) up-regulated bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) expression through GPR120-ERK1/2 pathway activation in Sertoli cells and restored spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation. Our study provides evidence that omega-3 PUFAs metabolite 12-HEPE effectively protects spermatogonia and reveals that GPR120 might be a tractable pharmacological target for fertility in men received chemotherapy or severe spermatogenesis dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kuan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rujun Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xie Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanmeizi Zhao
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tongmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Reproductive Medical Center, Clinical Medical College (Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital)Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhang Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yifeng Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goshadezehn P, Babaei-Balderlou F, Razi M, Najafi GR, Abtahi-Foroushani M. A caffeine pre-treatment and sole effect of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned media on hyperglycemia-suppressed fertilization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115130. [PMID: 37413898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common metabolic disorder, hyperglycemia (HG) affects and disrupts the physiology of various systems in the body. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been used to control the complications of disease. Most of the therapeutic properties of MSCs are attributed to their secretome. This study aimed to investigate the effects of conditioned media extracted from sole or caffeine pre-treated bone-marrow-derived MSCs on hyperglycemia-induced detrimental impact on some aspects of reproduction. The HG was induced by intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg). Twenty-four male Wistar rats (190 ± 20 g) were divided into control, HG, and the hyperglycemic groups receiving conditioned media of proliferated MSCs solely (CM) or MSCs pre-treated with caffeine (CCM). During the 49-day treatment, body weight and blood glucose were measured weekly. Finally, HbA1c, spermatogenesis development, sperm count, morphology, viability, motility, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity were examined. Also, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, sperm fertilization potential, and pre-implantation embryo development were evaluated. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to analyze the quantitative data. The p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CM and with a higher efficiency, the CCM remarkably (p < 0.05) improved body weight and HG-suppressed spermatogenesis, enhanced sperm parameters, chromatin condensation, DNA integrity, and TAC, reduced HbA1c, sperm abnormalities, and malondialdehyde, and significantly improved pre-implantation embryo development versus HG group. The conditioned media of MSCs solely (CM) and more effectively after pre-treatment of MSCs with caffeine (CCM) could improve spermatogenesis development, sperm quality, pre-implantation embryo development, and testicular global antioxidant potential during hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mazdak Razi
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Najafi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tvrdá E, Kováč J, Benko F, Ďuračka M, Varga A, Uličná O, Almášiová V, Capcarová M, Chomová M. Characterization of the structural, oxidative, and immunological features of testis tissue from Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1383-1397. [PMID: 36405233 PMCID: PMC9644704 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the testicular profile of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the absence or presence of obesity. To achieve this, testes were collected from 270-day-old male Wistar (n = 15), ZDF nonobese (n = 15), and ZDF obese rats (n = 16). Changes to the testicular structure were quantified morphometrically, while immunocytochemistry was employed to assess caspase-3 activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, fluctuations of major antioxidant molecules, and the extent of damage to the proteins and lipids were assessed in tissue lysates. Levels of selected interleukins (ILs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results reveal significant alterations to the testicular structure accompanied by caspase-3 overexpression, particularly in ZDF obese rats. The most notable disruption of the oxidative balance, characterized by ROS overproduction, antioxidant deficiency, protein, and lipid deterioration was recorded in ZDF rats suffering from both DM2 and obesity. Accordingly, the highest concentrations of pro-inflammatory IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18 accompanied by reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 were found in testicular tissue collected from ZDF obese rats. This study highlights the vulnerability of male gonads to pathophysiological changes caused by hyperglycemia, which are further exacerbated by excessive adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Ján Kováč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Filip Benko
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Anikó Varga
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Oľga Uličná
- Third Intern Clinic, Comenius University in Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice , Košice , Slovakia
| | - Marcela Capcarová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Tr. A. Hlinku 2 , 949 76 Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Mária Chomová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsampoukas G, Tharakan T, Narayan Y, Khan F, Cayetano A, Papatsoris A, Buchholz N, Minhas S. Investigating the therapeutic options for diabetes-associated male infertility as illustrated in animal experimental models. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14521. [PMID: 35934995 DOI: 10.1111/and.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a rising global health concern and an increasingly common cause of male infertility. Although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the association between diabetes and infertility is unclear, there are several animal studies showing diabetes to be a detrimental factor on reproductive health through apoptosis, oxidative stress and impairment of steroidogenesis. Furthermore, as reflected in animal models, antidiabetic strategies and relevant treatments are beneficial in the management of infertile men with diabetes as the recovery of euglycemic status affects positively the spermatogenesis. However, the available data are still evolving and specific conclusion in human populations are not possible yet. In this review, we are discussing the current literature concerning the association of diabetes and male infertility, focusing on the therapeutic approach as illustrated in animals' models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Great Western Hospital NHS Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yash Narayan
- Department of Surgery, Cairns Hospital, Cairns North, Queensland, Australia
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Urology, North Devon Hospital, Barnstaple, UK
| | - Axel Cayetano
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK.,Department of Urology, Sismanoglio University Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos HO, Cadegiani FA, Forbes SC. Nonpharmacological Interventions for the Management of Testosterone and Sperm Parameters: A Scoping Review. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1129-1149. [PMID: 35810031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testosterone replacement and associated pharmacologic agents are effective strategies to treat male hypogonadism; however, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle modification approaches have gained medical interest. The purpose of this scoping review is to highlight the evidence (or lack thereof) of nutraceuticals and lifestyle modification approaches in the management of testosterone levels and sperm parameters. METHODS A scoping review of nonpharmacologic interventions (supplements, herbal medicines, diets, sleep, and exercise) with the potential to improve male health was undertaken to elucidate changes in testosterone levels and sperm parameters in men with hypogonadism or infertility compared with healthy patients. FINDINGS A multitude of nutraceuticals and functional nutrients are purported to stimulate testosterone production; however, only a select few have had promising results, such as zinc, vitamin D (in case of hypovitaminosis D), l-arginine, mucuna, and ashwagandha, based on well-controlled randomized clinical trials of men with low testosterone levels and related problems. Except for l-arginine, these natural agents, as well as tribulus and ω3 fatty acids, can improve some degree of sperm parameters in infertile men. Before implementing these nutraceutical agents, adequate sleep, exercise, and weight loss in patients with obesity are imperative. The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on testosterone levels are modest and hence do not directly translate into clinical benefits. Correspondingly, androgen receptor content, but not endogenous androgens, has been regarded as the principal factor in muscle hypertrophy. IMPLICATIONS A limited number of supplements and herbal medicines can be considered as adjunctive approaches in the management of testosterone levels and sperm parameters, primarily in men with low testosterone levels and infertility, whereas most nonpharmacologic supplements appear to lack evidence. Although proper physical exercise, sleep, and diet are indisputable approaches because of the general benefits to health, the use of nutraceuticals, if considered, must be personalized by physicians and/or registered dietitians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Cadegiani
- Applied Biology Inc, Irvine, California; Department of Endocrinology, Corpometria Institute, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hassan YF, Khalaf HA, Omar NM, Sakkara ZA, Moustafa AM. Comparative study of the ameliorative effects of omega-3 versus selenium on etoposide-induced changes in Sertoli cells and ectoplasmic specialization of adult rat testes: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:523-542. [PMID: 35118589 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide (Eto) is an anti-cancer drug that is associated with serious adverse effects on male reproductive function. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and selenium (Se) are known as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant agents. This work was designed to investigate changes in the biochemical parameters as well as alterations in Sertoli cell vimentin expression, ultrastructure and ectoplasmic specializations (ESs) following Eto treatment and to assess the ameliorative effect of ω-3 versus Se on these alterations. Eighty four adult male albino rats were used and classified into four groups: group I (control group), group II (Eto group) received Eto in a single intra-peritoneal (IP) dose (60 mg/kg B.W.), group III (Eto & ω-3 group) received the single IP dose of Eto as well as ω-3 (300 mg/kg B.W./day by intra-gastric intubation) starting 5 days before Eto injection till the time of sacrifice & group IV (Eto & Se group) received the single IP dose of Eto as well as Se (0.5 mg/kg B.W./day IP) starting 5 days before Eto injection till the time of sacrifice. The rats were subdivided into 2 subgroups (a) and (b) that were sacrificed 3 and 7 days after Eto injection respectively. Eto administration in group II induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), collapse of Sertoli cell vimentin filaments and ultrastructural degenerative changes in both Sertoli cells and ESs. Se (group IV) reversed Eto toxic effects potently, while ω-3 (group III) had some limited protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna F Hassan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa A Khalaf
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nesreen M Omar
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Sakkara
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Moustafa
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samadian Z, Tolouei Azar J, Rezaei Aghdam H, Tofighi A, Razi M. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training in Association with Insulin Promotes Heat Shock Proteins 70 and 90 Expressions in Testicular Tissue of Experimental Type 1 Diabetes. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:708-716. [PMID: 34939765 PMCID: PMC8665982 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current research was designed to analyze the effect of moderate-intensity exercise training (MEXT),
solely and simultaneous with insulin, on the network between oxidative stress and Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones after
experimental type I diabetes (DM) induction in rats.
Materials and Methods In the experimental study, 36 mature Wistar rats were assigned into control and experimental
type I DM-induced groups, and then the diabetic animals were categorized to sedentary type I DM-induced (SDM),
exercise training-sole without DM (E), exercise training DM-induced (EDM), insulin-treated sedentary DM-induced
(ISDM), and exercise training insulin-treated DM-induced (EIDM) groups. After 6 weeks, Johnson’s score was evaluated
to analyze the spermatogenesis ratio.
Results The Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein peroxidation ratio,
testicular DNA fragmentation ratio, and mRNA damage were investigated. The animals in EDM and EIDM groups (solely
and simultaneously) represented a significant (P<0.05) improvement in Johnson’s score, spermatogenesis, and TAC
ratios versus SDM animals. Moreover, the DM-induced DNA and mRNA damage and protein peroxidation ratio were
significantly (P<0.05) recovered in EDM and ISDM groups, which was more remarkable in the EIDM group. The EDM
and EIDM groups exhibited significant (P<0.05) increment in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression levels versus the control
and SEDT1 animals. However, the EIDM group exhibited no significant changes compared to the control animals.
Conclusion The EX could ameliorate the EDT1-induced detrimental impact by up-regulating Hsp70 and Hsp90
expressions. Meanwhile, it exerts potentially more effective impact, when it is considered simultaneously with insulin
therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadian
- College of Skills and Entrepreneurship, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Rezaei Aghdam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Genetic Division, RASTA Research Center, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Minas A, Talebi H, Taravat Ray M, Yari Eisalou M, Alves MG, Razi M. Insulin treatment to type 1 male diabetic rats protects fertility by avoiding testicular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Gene 2021; 799:145847. [PMID: 34274473 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) impairs reproductive potential of males. Insulin treatment restores metabolic parameters but it is unclear how it protects male reproductive health. Herein, we hypothesized that insulin treatment to T1D rats protects testicular physiology by mediating mechanisms associated with apoptosis and cell cycle. METHODS Mature male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into 3 groups: control, T1D-induced (received 40 mg kg-1 streptozotocin) and insulin-treated T1D (Ins T1D; received 40 mg kg-1 streptozotocin and then treated 0.9 IU/100 gr of insulin for 56 days) (N = 8/group). Expression levels of intrinsic apoptosis pathways regulators (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and p53) and core regulators of cell cycle machinery (Cyclin D1, Cdk-4 and p21) were determined in testicular tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR techniques. The percentage of testicular apoptotic cells was evaluated by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Our data shows that insulin treatment to T1D rats restored (P < 0.05) T1D-induced increased of caspase-3 and p53 expression in testis. Moreover, the testis of T1D rats treated with insulin exhibited increased expression of Cyclin D1 and cdk-4, and a reduced expression of p21 when compared with the expression in testis of T1D rats. Finally, insulin treatment could fairly control T1D-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, treatment of T1D rats with insulin led to a remarkable reduction (p < 0.05) in the percentage of apoptotic cells in the testis. CONCLUSIONS Insulin treatment is able to restore the network expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related genes caused by T1D in the testis and via this mechanism, preserve the fertility of males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hatef Talebi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Taravat Ray
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yari Eisalou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai X, Sun XF, Wang AQ, Wei WH, Yang SM. Effect of gallic acid on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a phenol that is present in various plants, potentially contains antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861)). Antioxidant levels and apoptosis in the testis, as well as reproductive physiology, were evaluated in adolescent males treated with GA. The results showed that a low dose of GA enhanced relative epididymis mass and the sperm density in the epididymis, increased the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the testis, and reduced the percentages of abnormal and dead sperm. In addition, a low dose of GA significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the testis, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the apoptosis-related gene, caspase-3. However, a high dose of GA sharply reduced the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules compared with a low dose. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GA treatment during puberty affects the reproductive responses of male Brandt’s voles in a dose-dependent manner by regulating antioxidant levels and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Hong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Mei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moradi-Ozarlou M, Moshari S, Rezaei Agdam H, Nomanzadeh A, Shahmohamadlou S, Razi M. High-fat diet-induced obesity amplifies HSP70-2a and HSP90 expression in testicular tissue; correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Life Sci 2021; 279:119633. [PMID: 34022201 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Current study was conducted to uncover the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on heat shock proteins 70-2a and 90 expression levels and to investigate the network between these proteins with PCNA expression, endocrine status of testicular tissue and nucleotide backbone damages. MAIN METHODS For this purpose, 20 mature male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and HFD-received obese animals (n = 10/group). After 8 weeks from obesity approval, the animals were euthanized. The expression levels of Hsp70-2a, Hsp90 and PCNA were analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The Leydig cell distribution/mm2 of interstitial tissue, serum level of testosterone, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and DNA damage were investigated. KEY FINDINGS The obese (HFD-received) animals represented a remarkable (p < 0.05) increment in the mRNA levels of hsp70-2a and Hsp90, and the percentages of Hsp70-2a+ and Hsp90+ cells/seminiferous tubules with the same criteria. The PCNA mRNA level and the percentage of PCNA+ cells were decreased in the obese (HFD-received) group. The obesity, significantly decreased testicular TAC and with no effect on the Leydig cell distribution, but by reducing their steroidogenic activity resulted in a remarkable (p < 0.05) reduction in serum testosterone level. Finally, severe mRNA and DNA damage were revealed in the obese (HFD-received) group. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, considering massive testicular DNA damage in the obese (HFD-received) animals, we can conclude that an increased expression of Hsp70-2a and Hsp90 with no harmony with PCNA could not properly maintain the cellular DNA integrity and/or appropriately finalize the DNA repair process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sana Moshari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Rezaei Agdam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Nomanzadeh
- RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia, Iran
| | - Simineh Shahmohamadlou
- RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nakano T, Kono M, Segawa K, Kurosaka S, Nakaoka Y, Morimoto Y, Mitani T. Effects of exposure to methylglyoxal on sperm motility and embryonic development after fertilization in mice. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:123-133. [PMID: 33551390 PMCID: PMC8075723 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a precursor for the generation of endogenous advanced glycation end-products involved in various diseases, including infertility. The
present study evaluated the motility and developmental competence after in vitro fertilization of mouse sperm which were exposed to MG in the
capacitation medium for 1.5 h. Sperm motility was analyzed using an SQA-V automated sperm quality analyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS),
membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage were assessed using flow cytometry. The matured oocytes were inseminated with MG-exposed
sperm, and subsequently, the fertilization and embryonic development in vitro were evaluated in vitro. The exposure of sperm
to MG did not considerably affect the swim-up of sperm but resulted in a deteriorated sperm motility in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated
with a decreased mitochondrial activity. However, these effects was not accompanied by obvious ROS accumulation or DNA damage. Furthermore, MG diminished the
fertilization rate and developmental competence, even after normal fertilization. Collectively, a short-term exposure to MG during sperm capacitation had a
critical impact on sperm motility and subsequent embryonic development after fertilization. Considering that sperm would remain in vivo for up
to 3 days until fertilization, our findings suggest that sperm can be affected by MG in the female reproductive organs, which may be associated with
infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nakano
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.,IVF Namba Clinic, Osaka 550-0015, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kono
- Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Kazuki Segawa
- Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurosaka
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
| | | | | | - Tasuku Mitani
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.,Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aeeni M, Razi M, Alizadeh A, Alizadeh A. The molecular mechanism behind insulin protective effects on testicular tissue of hyperglycemic rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119394. [PMID: 33785345 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study assessed the possible mechanisms by which the insulin regulates the heat shock (HSPs) and transitional proteins expression and consequently ameliorates the oxidative stress-induced damages in germ and sperm cells DNA contents. MAIN METHODS Mature male Wistar rats were distributed into control, Hyperglycemia-induced (HG) and insulin-treated HG-induced (HG-I) groups. Following 8 weeks from HG induction, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), immunoreactivity of 8-oxodG, germ cells mRNA damage, Hsp70-2a, Hsp90, transitional proteins 1 and 2 (TP-1 and -2) mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed. Moreover, the sperm chromatin condensation was assessed by aniline-blue staining, and DNA integrity of germ and sperm cells were analyzed by TUNEL and acrdine-orange staining techniques. KEY FINDINGS The HG animals exhibited significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TAC, HSp70-2a, TP-1 and TP-2 expression levels, and increment in 8-oxodG immunoreactivity, mRNA damage, and Hsp90 expression. However, insulin treatment resulted in (p < 0.05) enhanced TAC level, Hsp70-2a, Hsp90, TP-1 and TP-2 expressions, besides reduced 8-oxodG immunoreactivity and mRNA damage compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). The chromatin condensation and the germ and sperm cells DNA fragmentation were decreased in HG-I group. SIGNIFICANCE Insulin treatment amplifies the testicular TAC level, improves the Hsp70-2a, TP-1, and TP-2 expressions, and boosts the Hsp90-mediated role in DNA repairment process. Consequently, altogether could maintain the HG-induced DNA integrity in the testicular and sperm cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aeeni
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Alireza Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pourheydar M, Hasanzadeh S, Razi M, Pourheydar B, Najafi G. Effects of liraglutide on sperm characteristics and fertilization potential following experimentally induced diabetes in mice. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:109-116. [PMID: 33953881 PMCID: PMC8094147 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.96822.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to analyze the dose-dependent effects of liraglutide against the diabetes-induced detrimental impact on sperm parameters and fertilization potential. For this purpose, 42 adult male mice were randomly divided into control (with no intervention) and experimental groups. Next, the experimental group was subdivided into diabetic, 1.20 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received diabetic, 1.80 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received diabetic, 1.20 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received non-diabetic and 1.80 mg kg-1 liraglutide-received non-diabetic groups. All chemicals were administrated subcutaneously. Following 42 days, the animals were euthanized, and sperm samples were collected. The sperm count, motility, viability, DNA integrity, and maturity were analyzed and compared between groups. Moreover, the sperm fertilization potential was investigated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). For this purpose, the preimplantation embryo development at 2-cell, 4-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages was investigated and compared. Observations revealed that diabetes significantly diminished sperm count, motility, viability, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity percentages versus a control group. On the other hand, 1.20 mg kg-1 and 1.80 mg kg-1 of liraglutide did not improve sperm motility and viability, while ameliorated sperm count and chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in diabetic animals. The diabetic animals represented diminished preimplantation embryo development, which was not altered in liraglutide-received groups. In conclusion, at least in administrated doses, liraglutide could not improve the sperm viability and motility and, via this mechanism, could not induce an appropriate/beneficial effect on IVF outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourheydar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shapour Hasanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samadian Z, Tofighi A, Razi M, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Tolouei Azar J. Effect of moderate-intensity exercise training on GDNF signaling pathway in testicles of rats after experimental diabetes type 1 induction. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 167:108332. [PMID: 32702470 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The spermatogenesis failure is reported as the main complication for diabetes and the moderate-intensity exercise (EX) is shown to ameliorate the diabetes-induced impairments both at spermatogenesis and sperm levels. Thus, the current study was done to investigate the possible effect of EX in the sole and simultaneous form with insulin on the network between Sertoli and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) by focusing on niche factor Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). METHODS For this purpose, 30 mature male Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced groups. Then the T1D-induced animals were subdivided to sedentary T1D-induced (ST1D), EX + T1D, insulin (INS) + T1D and EX + INS + T1D groups. The general histological changes of testicles, mRNA and protein contents of GDNF and its special receptors gfrα1 and c-RET were evaluated and compared between groups. RESULTS EX in the sole and simultaneous form with INS significantly (p < 0.05) diminished the T1D-induced histological damages, amplified the GDNF expression, and enhanced the gfrα1 and c-RET mRNA and protein contents compared to ST1D group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the EX in the sole form promotes spermatogenesis by up-regulating the GDNF signaling system. Moreover, EX remarkably amplifies the insulin-induced ameliorative effect on spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadian
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmed MG, Ibrahim MED, El Sayed HR, Ahmed SM. Short term chronic toxicity of tributyltin on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of omega-3. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:214-230. [PMID: 32783468 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120947451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TBT on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of omega-3. Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; control group (Group I) and four experimental groups: omega-3 treated group, TBT treated group, TBT & omega-3 treated group and follow up group. At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and seminal examinations. Our results clarfied that TBT induced a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH, LH and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and a significant increase in the serum Malondialdehyde as compared to the control group. Tributyltin induced disorganization and shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, apoptosis, cellular damage and marked reduction in the germinal epithelium. A significant decrease in the cell proliferation and arrested spermatogenesis were also detected. Seminal analysis of TBT group showed a significant affection of all parameters as compared to other groups. Omega-3 ameliorated all of these hazardous effects. Follow up group still showed toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT has a toxic effect on the testis. Increased testicular oxidative stress, cellular damage and arrest of spermatogenesis with attenuation in antioxidant defenses are all contributing factors. Omega-3 can protect against TBT induced reproductive toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa G Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, 68865Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Demerdash Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, 68865Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda R El Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, 68865Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah M Ahmed
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, 68865Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Azarniad R, Razi M, Hasanzadeh S, Malekinejad H. Experimental diabetes negatively affects the spermatogonial stem cells' self-renewal by suppressing GDNF network interactions. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13710. [PMID: 32539191 DOI: 10.1111/and.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was done to analyse the time-dependent effects of diabetes on Sertoli cells-spermatogonial stem cells' (SSCs) network interaction by focusing on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its special receptors, gfrα1 and c-RET as well as the Bcl-6b. In total, 40 Wistar rats were considered in; control, 20, 45 and 60 days diabetes-induced groups. An experimental diabetes was induced by STZ. The GDNF, gfrα1, c-RET and Bcl-6b expressions were evaluated. The serum level of testosterone, tubular repopulation (RI) and spermiogenesis (SPI) indices, general histological alterations, germ cells, mRNA damage, sperm count and viability were assessed. The diabetes, in a time-dependent manner, diminished mRNA and protein levels of GDNF, gfrα1, c-RET and Bcl-6b versus control group (p < .05), enhanced percentage of seminiferous tubules with negative RI, SPI, and diminished Leydig and Sertoli cells distribution, serum levels of testosterone, sperm count and viability. Finally, the number, percentage of cells and seminiferous tubules with normal mRNA content were significantly (p < .05) diminished. In conclusion, as a new data, we showed that the diabetes by inducing severe mRNA damage and suppressing GDNF, gfrα1, c-RET and Bcl-6b expressions, potentially affects the Sertoli-SSCs' network and consequently inhibits the SSCs' self-renewal process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Azarniad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shapour Hasanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamidian S, Talebi AR, Fesahat F, Bayat M, Mirjalili AM, Ashrafzadeh HR, Rajabi M, Montazeri F, Babaei S. The effect of vitamin C on the gene expression profile of sperm protamines in the male partners of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:68-76. [PMID: 32146776 PMCID: PMC7127905 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since sperm abnormalities are known to be a major reason for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), any defects in DNA structure and chromatin condensation can place embryos at risk in the early stage of development and implantation. As antioxidants such as vitamin C may play a protective role against the destruction of protamine genes in sperm chromatin, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on chromatin and the expression of protamine genes in the male partners of couples with RPL. Methods Twenty male partners of couples with RPL were selected as the intervention group and received vitamin C supplementation (250 mg daily for 3 months). Healthy fertile men (n=20) were included as controls. Sperm chromatin, DNA integrity, and the expression levels of protamine genes were evaluated before and after treatment. Results Significant differences were found in sperm morphology, protamine deficiency, and apoptosis between the two groups and before and after vitamin C administration. A significant change was found in mRNA levels of PRM1, PRM2, and the PRM1/PRM2 ratio after treatment. Conclusion Daily oral administration of vitamin C may improve human sperm parameters and DNA integrity by increasing protamine gene expression levels in the male partners of couples with RPL. The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation as an antioxidant for the male partners of couples with RPL could lead to improved pregnancy outcomes in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Hamidian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Talebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Mirjalili
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ashrafzadeh
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahya Rajabi
- Genetics Department of Biology, Yazd Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Montazeri
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeid Babaei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sadat Kamali F, Shahrooz R, Najafi G, Razi M. Ameliorative effects of crocin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in testis of adult mice: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:807-818. [PMID: 31911963 PMCID: PMC6906852 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i10.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paraquat (PQ), as a pyridine compound, is widely used worldwide to control annual weeds. The oxidative stress caused by PQ can cause deleterious changes in the testicular tissue. Objective An investigation on the protective effects of Crocin (CCN) against PQ-induced oxidative damages and apoptotic indices in testicular tissue. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight adult male albino mice (20-25 gr) were divided into four groups (n = 7/each). The control group received 0.1 ml/day of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection (IP); sham-control group received PQ 5 mg/kg/day, IP, and the experimental groups received PQ (CCN+PQ) and CCN-sole (200 mg/kg/day, IP), respectively, for 35 continuous days. At the end of the treatment period, the testes were dissected out and used for biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses. The expressions of tumor suppressor p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), and caspase-3 were considered as hallmark factors of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated as key biomarkers for oxidative stress. Results The PQ significantly (p < 0.02, p < 0.01) diminished the spermatogenesis indices and SOD, increased MDA levels, and enhanced the apoptosis-related gene expression. However, the co-administration of CCN and PQ significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.02) ameliorated the spermatogenesis ratio, upregulated the SOD level as well as bcl-2 expression, and reduced the MDA content and apoptosis vs the PQ-sole group. Conclusion This study showed that the antioxidant properties of CCN enable to ameliorate the PQ-induced destructive effects by upregulating the testicular structure, antioxidant and apoptotic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Sadat Kamali
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Golamreza Najafi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hasan MM, El-Shal AS, Mackawy AMH, Ibrahim EM, Abdelghany EMMA, Saeed AA, El-Gendy J. Ameliorative effect of combined low dose of Pioglitazone and omega-3 on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in diabetic rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1524-1540. [PMID: 31709631 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia is linked to either subfertility or infertility among diabetic males. Pioglitazone is one of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs that are selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ agonists used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM This study aims to explore the possible effect of low Pioglitazone dose and omega (ω-3) on rat male reproductive function. Furthermore, we evaluated the add-on effect of combined use of low Pioglitazone dose of and ω-3 on reproductive functions in adult male T2DM rats. METHODS Fifty adult male rats were included and subdivided into control and four test subgroups. T2DM was induced in test groups and subdivided into non-treated T2DM, ω-3 treated, 0.6 mg/kg Pioglitazone treated, and combined treated group (orally by gavage). Following 16 weeks, final body weight, testicular weight, fasting plasma glucose, and serum testosterone levels were measured. Semen analysis, testicular testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, immunohistochemistry staining for apoptosis marker B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), proliferation marker as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), estrogen receptor α (ERα), androgen receptor (AR) were determined. Caspase-3, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) PPARγ, and PPARα genes expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Our findings revealed that treatment with low dose of Pioglitazone or ω-3 significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose and MDA levels, ameliorated diabetes effects on histological damage, improved antioxidant activity (SOD), significantly improved anti-apoptosis BCL-2 and proliferation (PCNA), remarkably elevated ERα, AR, 17β-HSD PPARγ, and PPARα expression with significant reduction in caspase-3, NF-kB genes expression and improved semen quality as well. Combined use of low dose of and ω-3 has better effects on all measured parameters. CONCLUSION Small Pioglitazone dose and ω-3 possess beneficial effects on spermatogenic and steroidogenic functions in adult diabetic rat; while combined use of both has an add-on effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Hasan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal M H Mackawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Medical Lab, Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, KSA
| | - Ebtesam M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M M A Abdelghany
- Department with Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Saeed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jehan El-Gendy
- Department with Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Samadian Z, Tofighi A, Razi M, Tolouei Azar J, Ghaderi Pakdel F. Moderate‐intensity exercise training ameliorates the diabetes‐suppressed spermatogenesis and improves sperm parameters: Insole and simultaneous with insulin. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13457. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadian
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Vetrinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport Sciences Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Ahmad A, Eleazu CO, Mohamed M. Oxidative Stress, NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Testes of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Combined Protective Effects of Malaysian Propolis and Metformin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100465. [PMID: 31600920 PMCID: PMC6826571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are major complications that trigger organ failure in diabetes mellitus (DM), and are proven to adversely affect the male reproductive system. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the promising protective effects of propolis in DM and its associated systemic effects. Herein, we investigated the effect of Malaysian propolis (MP) on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Further, the possibility of a complementary effect of MP with the anti-hyperglycaemic agent, metformin (Met), was studied with the idea of recommending its use in the event that Met alone is unable to contain the negative effects of DM on the male reproductive system in mind. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either gavaged distilled water (normoglycaemic control and diabetic control groups), MP (diabetic rats on MP), Met (diabetic rats on Met) or MP+Met (diabetic rats on MP+Met), for 4 weeks. MP decreased oxidative stress by up-regulating (p < 0.05) testicular mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase; increasing (p < 0.05) the activities of antioxidant enzymes; and decreasing (p < 0.05) lipid peroxidation in the testes and epididymis of diabetic rats. Further, MP down-regulated (p < 0.05) testicular mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β), decreased (p < 0.05) the nitric oxide level, and increased (p < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA and protein levels. MP also down-regulated (p < 0.05) Bax/Bcl-2, p53, casapase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 genes, and increased (p < 0.05) testicular germ cell proliferation. MP's effects were comparable to Met. However, the best results were achieved following co-administration of MP and Met. Therefore, we concluded that administration of the MP+Met combination better attenuates testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in DM, relative to MP or Met monotherapy, and may improve the fertility of males with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chinedum Ogbonnaya Eleazu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Federal University Ndufu Alaike Ikwo, Abakiliki P.M.B. 10, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Protective effects of Astragalin on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male mice by improving antioxidant activity and inhibiting inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:561-570. [PMID: 30537673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenic dysfunction is a common complication in men with diabetes and is the most important manifestation of diabetes-related male reproduction damage. Astragalin (AG) is one of the main flavonoids from Cuscuta chinensis, which has rich pharmacological activities. This study aimed to establish whether AG may contribute to the recovery from spermatogenic dysfunction. AG (3.3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) and Clomiphene (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic male mice for 8 weeks. After the experiments performed, reproductive organs, sperm parameters and histomorphological changes were analysed. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity were estimated in testicular tissues. The results revealed that AG significantly improved the reproductive organs, sperm parameters and testicular morphology to different degrees in diabetic mice. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), markedly increased in the testicular tissue after AG was administered. Interestingly, AG also downregulated the protein expressions of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in testes. In conclusion, AG is a potential beneficial agent to protect diabetic-induced spermatogenic dysfunction in male mice by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibiting inflammation.
Collapse
|