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Song L, Zhou Y, Zhai Y, Huo X, Chen M, Shi H, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou K. Sub-chronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim. in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:451-461. [PMID: 35287533 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim., a traditional medicinal plant in Asia, is widely used in clinical settings but its safety in vivo is unclear. This study investigated the sub-chronic toxicity of E. sagittatum aqueous extract to rats with a 13-week daily intragastric administration of 7.5, 15, or 30 g/kg. Nine constituents of the aqueous extract were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Organ weights, organ coefficients, serum biochemistry parameters, histopathology, and metabolomic analysis were performed. In female rats, treatment increased the liver, thymus, and adrenal gland coefficients (p < 0.05). Liver, pancreas, and adrenal gland injury were observed. The levels of six metabolites were altered by the treatment (p < 0.05). In male rats, treatment altered liver, heart, and thymus coefficients (p < 0.05) and liver, adrenal gland, and heart injury were observed. The levels of 11 metabolites were altered (p < 0.05). The no-observed-adverse-effect level was not determined but would be below 7.5 g/kg in rats treated for 13 weeks. In female rats, E. sagittatum may injure the liver and pancreas and dysregulate the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, and isoleucine and the metabolism of phenylalanine. In male rats, the extract may injure the liver and adrenal gland and dysregulate the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine and the metabolism of pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zhai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Huo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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Liu Y, Gan L, Zhao B, Yu K, Wang Y, Männistö S, Weinstein SJ, Huang J, Albanes D. Untargeted metabolomic profiling identifies serum metabolites associated with type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E167-E175. [PMID: 36516224 PMCID: PMC9925157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00287.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disease with substantial phenotypic heterogeneity affecting millions of individuals. Yet, its relevant metabolites and etiological pathways are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess a broad spectrum of metabolites related to T2D in a large population-based cohort. We conducted a metabolomic analysis of 4,281 male participants within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. The serum metabolomic analysis was performed using an LC-MS/GC-MS platform. Associations between 1,413 metabolites and T2D were examined using linear regression, controlling for important baseline risk factors. Standardized β-coefficients and standard errors (SEs) were computed to estimate the difference in metabolite concentrations. We identified 74 metabolites that were significantly associated with T2D based on the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (P < 3.5 × 10-5). The strongest signals associated with T2D were of carbohydrates origin, including glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), and mannose (β = 0.34, -0.91, and 0.41, respectively; all P < 10-75). We found several chemical class pathways that were significantly associated with T2D, including carbohydrates (P = 1.3 × 10-11), amino acids (P = 2.7 × 10-6), energy (P = 1.5 × 10-4), and xenobiotics (P = 1.2 × 10-3). The strongest subpathway associations were seen for fructose-mannose-galactose metabolism, glycolysis-gluconeogenesis-pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism (acyl choline), and leucine-isoleucine-valine metabolism (all P < 10-8). Our findings identified various metabolites and candidate chemical class pathways that can be characterized by glycolysis and gluconeogenesis metabolism, fructose-mannose-galactose metabolism, branched-chain amino acids, diacylglycerol, acyl cholines, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These metabolomic patterns may provide new additional evidence and potential insights relevant to the molecular basis of insulin resistance and the etiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hu M, Chen Y, Deng F, Chang B, Luo J, Dong L, Lu X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J. D-Mannose Regulates Hepatocyte Lipid Metabolism via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877650. [PMID: 35464439 PMCID: PMC9021718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective properties and mechanisms of D-mannose against hepatic steatosis in experimental alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Drinking-water supplementation of D-mannose significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis in a standard mouse ALD model established by chronic-binge ethanol feeding, especially hepatocyte lipid deposition. This function of D-mannose on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also confirmed using ethanol-treated primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) with a D-mannose supplement. Meanwhile, D-mannose regulated lipid metabolism by rescuing ethanol-mediated reduction of fatty acid oxidation genes (PPARα, ACOX1, CPT1) and elevation of lipogenic genes (SREBP1c, ACC1, FASN). PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in this effect of D-mannose on lipid metabolism since PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors or agonists could abolish this effect in PMHs. Overall, our findings suggest that D-mannose exhibits its anti-steatosis effect in ALD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Genetically Higher Level of Mannose Has No Impact on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Insight from Mendelian Randomization. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082563. [PMID: 34444725 PMCID: PMC8398879 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a handful of controversial data from observational studies on the serum levels of mannose and risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to obtain estimates of the causal effect of serum mannose on the risk of CAD and on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Two-sample MR was implemented by using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on serum mannose and CAD and cardiometabolic risk factors. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the effects, and a sensitivity analysis including the weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) were applied. Radial MR Methods was applied to remove outliers subject to pleiotropic bias. We further conducted a leave-one-out analysis. Results: Mannose had no significant effect on CAD (IVW: odds ratio: 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.71−1.30)), total cholesterol (TC) (IVW: 95%CI: 0.60−1.08), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.68−1.15), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.85−1.20), triglycerides (TG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.38−1.08), waist circumference (WC) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.94−1.37), body mass index (BMI) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.93−1.29) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (IVW: 95%CI = 0.92−1.33), with no heterogeneity for CAD, HDL, WC and BMI (all p > 0.092), while a significant heterogeneity was observed for TC (IVW: Q = 44.503), LDL (IVW: Q = 33.450), TG (IVW: Q = 159.645) and FBG (IVW: Q = 0. 32.132). An analysis of MR-PRESSO and radial plots did not highlight any outliers. The results of the leave-one-out method demonstrated that the links were not driven by a single instrument. Conclusions: We did not find any effect of mannose on adiposity, glucose, TC, LDL, TG and CAD.
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Jaszczyk A, Juszczak GR. Glucocorticoids, metabolism and brain activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:113-145. [PMID: 33727030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review integrates different experimental approaches including biochemistry, c-Fos expression, microdialysis (glutamate, GABA, noradrenaline and serotonin), electrophysiology and fMRI to better understand the effect of elevated level of glucocorticoids on the brain activity and metabolism. The available data indicate that glucocorticoids alter the dynamics of neuronal activity leading to context-specific changes including both excitation and inhibition and these effects are expected to support the task-related responses. Glucocorticoids also lead to diversification of available sources of energy due to elevated levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, mannose and hydroxybutyrate (ketone bodies), which can be used to fuel brain, and facilitate storage and utilization of brain carbohydrate reserves formed by glycogen. However, the mismatch between carbohydrate supply and utilization that is most likely to occur in situations not requiring energy-consuming activities lead to metabolic stress due to elevated brain levels of glucose. Excessive doses of glucocorticoids also impair the production of energy (ATP) and mitochondrial oxidation. Therefore, glucocorticoids have both adaptive and maladaptive effects consistently with the concept of allostatic load and overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Jaszczyk
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, 36a Postepu str., Poland
| | - Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, 36a Postepu str., Poland.
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Metabolomic profiling to identify effects of dietary calcium reveal the influence of the individual and postprandial dynamics on the canine plasma metabolome. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e13. [PMID: 31019684 PMCID: PMC6465680 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term feeding studies have highlighted a phenomenon in Ca regulation that raises concerns around Ca absorption in dogs that may make an impact on commercial diets near to the maximum recommended level. A recent study to determine responses in dogs fed one of two diets differing in dietary Ca over 40 weeks found no evidence to suggest a concern across a range of biological parameters hypothesised to be affected by Ca. Unforeseen consequences of dietary Ca could have occurred and metabolic profiling was deemed a suitable data-driven approach to identify effects of dietary Ca. The objectives were to compare the fasted plasma metabolome (sampled at 8-week intervals over 40 weeks) of dogs fed one of two diets, near to the minimum and maximum recommended levels of dietary Ca. Comparisons with the control diet were also investigated across the postprandial time course (1-4 h) following acute (1 d) and long-term (24 weeks) feeding of the test diet. Comparing fasted plasma samples at each time point, no significant effect (adjusted P < 0·05) of diet on metabolites was observed. In the postprandial state, only phosphate was consistently different between diets and was explained by additional dietary P to maintain Ca:P. Metabolic profiling analysis supports the view that the dietary Ca upper limit is safe. Additionally, the canine plasma metabolome was characterised, providing insights into the stability of individual profiles across 40 weeks, the response to consumption of a nutritionally complete meal over a 4 h postprandial time course and different kinetic categories of postprandial absorption.
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Escribano D, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A. Glucose, fructosamine, and insulin measurements in saliva of dogs: variations after an experimental glucose administration. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 66:64-71. [PMID: 30472034 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate if glucose, fructosamine, and insulin levels can be measured in saliva of dogs and assess the changes in these compounds after an experimental glucose administration. Automated spectrophotometric assays for glucose and fructosamine and an ELISA assay for insulin measurements were validated in saliva of dogs, by evaluating precision, accuracy, and limits of detection. In addition, an intravenous glucose bolus was administrated to 10 beagles and fasting serum and saliva samples were obtained immediately before and 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min after glucose infusion. The results of the between-run imprecision gave mean CVs of 6.16, 9.40, and 3.10% for glucose, fructosamine, and insulin, respectively. Linearity under dilution showed coefficient of correlation of 0.999, 0.994, and 0.990 for glucose, fructosamine, and insulin, respectively. The LDs were 0.04 mg/dL, 4.08 μmol/L, and 0.02 μg/mL for glucose, fructosamine, and insulin, respectively. The glucose administration caused an increase in serum and salivary levels of glucose with a peak in salivary levels at 30 min and of insulin with a peak in salivary levels at 45 min, while fructosamine did not change. No correlations between serum and salivary concentrations were found for any compound. It is concluded that glucose, fructosamine, and insulin can be measured in saliva of dogs, and an experimental administration of glucose in this species can lead to increases in glucose and insulin in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Escribano
- Department of Food and Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Alskär O, Karlsson MO, Kjellsson MC. Model-Based Interspecies Scaling of Glucose Homeostasis. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:778-786. [PMID: 28960826 PMCID: PMC5702901 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Being able to scale preclinical pharmacodynamic response to clinical would be beneficial in drug development. In this work, the integrated glucose insulin (IGI) model, developed on clinical intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) data, describing dynamic glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance tests, was scaled to describe data from similar tests performed in healthy rats, mice, dogs, pigs, and humans. Several approaches to scaling the dynamic glucose and insulin were investigated. The theoretical allometric exponents of 0.75 and 1, for clearances and volumes, respectively, could describe the data well with some species-specific adaptations: dogs and pigs showed slower first phase insulin secretion than expected from the scaling, pigs also showed more rapid insulin dependent glucose elimination, and rodents showed differences in glucose effectiveness. The resulting scaled IGI model was shown to accurately predict external preclinical IVGTT data and may be useful in facilitating translations of preclinical research into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Alskär
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats O Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria C Kjellsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sharma V, Ichikawa M, Freeze HH. Mannose metabolism: more than meets the eye. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:220-8. [PMID: 24931670 PMCID: PMC4252654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannose is a simple sugar with a complex life. It is a welcome therapy for genetic and acquired human diseases, but it kills honeybees and blinds baby mice. It could cause diabetic complications. Mannose chemistry, metabolism, and metabolomics in cells, tissues and mammals can help explain these multiple systemic effects. Mannose has good, bad or ugly outcomes depending on its steady state levels and metabolic flux. This review describes the role of mannose at cellular level and its impact on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Mie Ichikawa
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Martínez-Subiela S, Ceron JJ. Validation of two ELISA assays for total ghrelin measurement in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 96:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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