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Bunn T, Langner K, Foster S, Hayward D, Howard G, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Rossi G. Lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercortisolism. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:205-212. [PMID: 38111301 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231217505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniature Schnauzer dogs (MSs) are predisposed to both idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (iHTG) and hypercortisolism (HCort). To our knowledge, the lipoprotein profiles of MSs with iHTG have not been compared to those with HCort. We analyzed cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein fractions in 4 groups of MSs: normotriglyceridemia (NTG) without concurrent disease (Healthy-NTG), HCort and NTG (HCort-NTG), HCort and HTG (HCort-HTG), and iHTG. Lipoprotein fractions were assessed by lipoprotein electrophoresis and compared between groups. Fifty-one plasma samples were analyzed. Twenty-five dogs had NTG (16 Healthy-NTG, 9 HCort-NTG) and 26 dogs had HTG (7 iHTG, 19 HCort-HTG). Dogs with iHTG or HCort-HTG had significantly higher cholesterol concentrations than Healthy-NTG dogs. Dogs with HCort-HTG had higher cholesterol than HCort-NTG dogs. There was a significantly higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) percentage in iHTG and HCort-HTG dogs than HCort-NTG dogs. HCort-HTG dogs also had lower high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than HCort-NTG dogs. It was not possible to readily distinguish MSs with iHTG from MSs with HCort-HTG or Healthy-NTG using lipoprotein electrophoresis fractions. The diagnosis of iHTG remains a diagnosis by exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Bunn
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathrin Langner
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Foster
- Vetnostics, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gretta Howard
- Turramurra Veterinary Hospital, Turramurra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Mangiagalli G, Meazzi S, Giordano A, Rossi S. Spurious capillary zone electrophoresis pattern in hypercholesterolemic dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:116-123. [PMID: 36476172 PMCID: PMC9999394 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a relatively new serum protein electrophoresis method with higher resolution than other electrophoretic techniques. Hypercholesterolemic dogs exhibit a peculiar CZE pattern. Specifically, they have a shoulder or peak immediately next to the albumin peak. We investigated the prevalence of this spurious peak in hypercholesterolemic dogs and its correlation with the serum cholesterol concentration. Moreover, possible discrepancies between the CZE and spectrophotometric (bromocresol green [BCG] method) albumin concentrations in those animals were evaluated, as well as the accuracy in measuring albumin by a different CZE fractionation system. We retrospectively enrolled 500 hypercholesterolemic and normotriglyceridemic dogs. Each electrophoretic curve was inspected visually to identify a spurious peak (prevalence of 68.8%). We chose 120 dogs to further investigate the albumin concentration; CZE albumin was significantly higher than measured using the BCG method. A weak but significant correlation (r = 0.412; p <0.0001) was observed between the magnitude of the spurious peak and the serum cholesterol concentration. Finally, the significant difference between CZE and BCG albumin measurement disappeared (p = 0.92) when the spurious peak was considered as α1-globulins instead of albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Meazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- BiEsseA Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie, Milano, Italy
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Yang K, Lin X, Jian S, Wen J, Jian X, He S, Wen C, Liu T, Qi X, Yin Y, Deng B. Changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids are involved in the process of canine obesity after neutering. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad283. [PMID: 37632755 PMCID: PMC10558198 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutering is a significant risk factor for obesity in dogs. Changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites have been identified as a key player during obesity progression. However, the mechanisms that promote neuter-associated weight gain are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, sixteen clinically healthy Beagle dogs (6 male and 10 female, mean age = 8.22 ± 0.25 mo old) were neutered. Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded at 1 d before neutering, 3, 6, 10, 16, and 21 mo after neutering. Dogs were grouped based on their BCS as ideal weight group (IW, n = 4, mean BW = 13.22 ± 1.30 kg, mean BCS = 5.00 ± 0.41) and obese group (OB, n = 12, mean BW = 18.57 ± 1.08 kg, mean BCS = 7.92 ± 0.82) at 21 mo after neutering. Serum lipid profile, glucose, and hormones and fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. Our results showed that OB dogs had greater (P < 0.0001) BW (18.57 vs. 13.22 kg), BCS (7.92 vs. 5.00), and average daily gain (12.27 vs. 5.69 g/d) than IW dogs at 21 mo after neutering, and the obesity rate was up to 60%. In addition, significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum triglyceride (TG, 1.10 vs. 0.56 mmol/L) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 6.96 vs. 5.40 mmol/L) levels and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum adiponectin (APN, 54.06 vs. 58.39 μg/L) level were observed in OB dogs; serum total cholesterol (4.83 vs. 3.75 mmol/L) (P = 0.075) and leptin (LEP, 2.82 vs. 2.53 μg/L) (P = 0.065) levels tended to be greater in OB dogs; there was a trend towards a lower (P = 0.092) APN/LEP (19.32 vs. 21.81) in OB dogs. Results of fecal microbial alpha-diversity showed that Observed_species and Chao1 indices tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in OB dogs. The STAMP and LEfSe analyses revealed that OB dogs had a greater (P < 0.05 and LDA > 2) reduction in relative abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, and Megamonas than IW dogs. In addition, OB dogs also had greater (P < 0.05) reduction in fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations than IW dogs. Moreover, clear negative correlations (|r| > 0.5 and P < 0.05) were found between SCFAs-producing bacteria and BW, TG, and HDL-C. The functional predictions of microbial communities based on PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and endocrine system were significantly disturbed in obese dogs after neutering. Thus, intervention with SCFAs-producing bacteria might represent a new target for the prevention or treatment of canine obesity after neutering. Moreover, weight control before neutering may also contribute to the prevention of canine obesity after neutering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Xinye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shansong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Technology, Beijing Veterinary Drug and Feed Monitoring Center, Beijing 101127, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Seo K, Cho HW, Chun JL, So KM, Kim KH. Body Weight Development in Adult Dogs Fed a High Level Resistant Starch Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3440. [PMID: 36496962 PMCID: PMC9737651 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Dodamssal rice, which has a high content of resistant starch, on obesity and hematologic properties in dogs. In Experiment 1, 24 spayed dogs were divided into three feeding groups: normal-fat basal diet (control), high-fat diet with 12% normal amylose type rice (hNAR), and high-fat diet with 12% high amylose type rice (Dodamssal rice; hHAR). In Experiment 2, 8 spayed dogs were assigned to a normal amylose type rice (NAR) group and a high amylose type rice group (HAR) with a normal-fat basal diet. After 24 weeks, an increase in weight and blood cholesterol was observed in both high-fat diet groups for Experiment 1. Specifically, an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase was observed over time in the hNAR group compared with that of the control; however, no such patterns were present in the hHAR group. Further, a significant weight-loss effect was observed in the HAR group in Experiment 2 at 4 weeks. The effect on body weight was due to the reduced digestibility of amylose and thereby lower dietary ME content. Overall, this confirmed that Dodamssal rice had a positive effect on weight loss in dogs, and these results suggest that Dodamssal rice has potential value as a raw ingredient for preventing obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Seo
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min So
- Division of Animal Disease and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Gianella P, Caccamo R, Bellino C, Bottero E, Fietta F, Roncone S, Ostanello F, Pietra M, Buracco P. Evaluation of metabolic profile and C-reactive protein concentrations in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstructive syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2183-2192. [PMID: 31454107 PMCID: PMC6766536 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brachycephalic dogs have abnormal breathing patterns similar to those in humans with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Despite the fact that anatomic and functional alterations are well described in brachycephalic dogs, little is known about the consequences of upper airway obstruction on systemic inflammatory response and metabolic profile. Objectives To describe history, clinical presentation, and anatomic abnormalities; to evaluate systemic inflammatory response and metabolic profile; and to identify possible associations among clinical signs, anatomic abnormalities, inflammatory response, and metabolic profile in brachycephalic dogs with airway obstruction. Animals Thirty purebred brachycephalic dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS). Methods Prospective study. The following information was recorded and studied: respiratory and digestive signs, airway and digestive endoscopic anomalies, presence or absence of tracheal hypoplasia, histologic evaluation of gastrointestinal tract biopsy specimens, serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), fructosamine, insulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and plasma concentrations of lipoprotein classes. Results A high proportion of dogs (76.7%) had gastrointestinal signs. Esophageal deviation, atony of the cardia of the stomach, and distal esophagitis were the most common endoscopic anomalies detected. Twenty‐six (86.6%) dogs had different degrees of laryngeal collapse. Gastrointestinal histologic evaluation identified mostly chronic inflammation. Glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, cholesterol, CRP, pre‐beta, beta lipoproteins, and chylomicrons were increased to a variable extent. Significant associations among clinical signs, anatomic abnormalities, CRP, and metabolic profile were not found. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Despite the presence of inflammation and some mild metabolic derangements, the clinicopathological variables evaluated did not offer valuable information in dogs with BAOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccamo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Federica Fietta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Roncone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Milanović Z, Vekić J, Radonjić V, Ilić Božović A, Zeljković A, Janac J, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Buch J, Chandrashekar R, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Hajduković L, Christopher MM, Kovačević Filipović M. Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1686-1694. [PMID: 31175698 PMCID: PMC6639482 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia canis infection induces a marked acute phase response (APR) that might be associated with alteration in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and disease prognosis. HYPOTHESIS Dogs with B. canis-induced APR develop dyslipidemia with altered lipoprotein concentration and morphology. ANIMALS Twenty-nine client-owned dogs with acute B. canis infection and 10 clinically healthy control dogs. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study. Serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured using ELISA. Cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were determined biochemically. Lipoproteins were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. Lipoprotein diameter was assessed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis; correlation with ApoA-1 (radioimmunoassay) and SAA was determined. RESULTS Dogs with B. canis infection had a marked APR (median SAA, 168.3 μg/mL; range, 98.1-716.2 μg/mL) compared with controls (3.2 μg/mL, 2.0-4.2 μg/mL) (P < .001). Dogs with B. canis infection had significantly lower median cholesterol (4.79 mmol/L, 1.89-7.64 mmol/L versus 6.15 mmol/L, 4.2-7.4 mmol/L) (P = .02), phospholipid (4.64 mmol/L, 2.6-6.6 mmol/L versus 5.72 mmol/L, 4.68-7.0 mmol/L) (P = .02), and α-lipoproteins (77.5%, 27.7%-93.5% versus 89.2%, 75.1%-93.5%) (P = .04), and higher ApoA-1 (1.36 U, 0.8-2.56 U versus 0.95 U, 0.73-1.54 U) concentrations (P = .02). Serum amyloid A correlated with high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) diameter (rho = .43; P = .03) and ApoA-1 (rho = .63, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Major changes associated with B. canis-induced APR in dogs are related to concentration, composition, and morphology of HDL particles pointing to an altered reverse cholesterol transport. Parallel ApoA-1 and SAA concentration increase is a unique still unexplained pathophysiological finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Milanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Anja Ilić Božović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Janac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- INEP - Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Hajduković
- INEP - Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Mary M Christopher
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Kalenyak K, Heilmann RM, van de Lest CHA, Brouwers JF, Burgener IA. Comparison of the systemic phospholipid profile in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease or food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215435. [PMID: 30990833 PMCID: PMC6467395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) are common chronic enteropathies in dogs, of which the exact pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In people dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with IBD, and potential therapeutic benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of IBD have been investigated. Studies on the phospholipid profile in dogs with IBD and FRD are still lacking. AIM To investigate the systemic phospholipid profile of dogs with IBD or FRD and to evaluate possible differences in phospholipids before and after treatment. METHODS The phospholipids in whole blood and EDTA plasma of 32 dogs diagnosed with either IBD (n = 16) or FRD (n = 16) were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) prior to and after initiation of treatment, which included an elimination diet enriched with PUFAs. RESULTS A clear separation of the phospholipids between whole blood and plasma was demonstrated on principal component analysis plots. In addition to the type of specimen, treatment and disease severity were the most significant factors determining the variance of the phospholipid profile. An increase in lysolipids was observed after treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) species changed from PC 38:4 before treatment to mainly lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 after treatment. Furthermore, several differences in the abundance of individual phospholipids were identified between dogs with IBD and dogs with FRD and between treatment statuses using random forest analysis. CONCLUSION Significant variances were identified in the phospholipid profiles of dogs with IBD and FRD. These were particularly determined by type of specimen used, disease severity and treatment status. After treatment, a shift of phospholipid species towards lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 was observed. Future studies should further investigate the role of lipids in the pathophysiology of IBD and FRD as well as their potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kalenyak
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Kawasumi K, Murai T, Mizorogi T, Okada Y, Yamamoto I, Suruga K, Kadokura K, Arai T. Changes in Plasma Metabolites Concentrations in Obese Dogs Supplemented With Anti-oxidant Compound. Front Nutr 2018; 5:74. [PMID: 30246011 PMCID: PMC6137203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discuss the effect of anti-oxidant supplement (Rv-PEM01-99, Kibun Foods, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) on changes in energy metabolism in obese dogs. 200 mg/kg/day of Rv-PEM01-99 (equivalent to 5 mg kg/day of quercetin derivative) were applied for 6 weeks to the Beagle dogs fed high fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD). In the present study, body weight (BW) decreasing effect of Rv-PEM 01-99 in obese dogs was not clear. However, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities at the end of experiment were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment in obese dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99 (paired-t test, p < 0.05). In control dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99, Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and triglycerides (TG) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment (paired-t test, p < 0.05). From these findings, Rv-PEM 01-99 seems to be not harmful for dogs. Anti-lipid peroxide effect and liver function improvement are expected in the dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Tae Murai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kohei Suruga
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kadokura
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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Okada Y, Kobayashi M, Sawamura M, Arai T. Comparison of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Metabolome Markers among Cats of Varying BCS and Novel Classification of Feline Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:17. [PMID: 28261588 PMCID: PMC5306360 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As in humans, obesity and its associated diseases represent the most significant threat to the health of veterinary populations. Previous human studies have provided insights into the risk factors of obesity, complex pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases, and their life-threatening consequences. In humans, the “metabolic syndrome” represents a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome, such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and its complications increase health-care utilization and medical expenses. Early diagnosis and intervention through preemptive approach is in need, and the new International Diabetes Federation definition of MS serves as the universally accepted diagnostic tool that is accessible in clinical settings. In veterinary populations, especially in cats, similar pathophysiological path and disease progression to the development of MS, such as adipokine dysregulations, chronic inflammation, lipotoxicity, are expected. The aim of this manuscript is twofold. First of all, it presents our preliminary feline obesity study that serves as the basis for discussion of obesity and its metabolic impact on feline population. In this study, we observed the effects of weight gain on energy metabolism using metabolome markers, such as adiponectin (ADN) and proinflammatory cytokines, in correlation with other common biochemical parameters in 14 clinically healthy cats of varying weight status. Further, we evaluated the visceral fat accumulation in three subjects of varying Body Condition Scores via computed tomography imaging and laparoscopic examination, and assessed the adipocyte type and size histologically. Mutually antagonizing changes in ADN and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reflected the pathophysiological derangements leading to MS earlier than the common biochemical predictors such as glucose, liver values, and lipid markers. Second, it proposes the novel diagnostic and classification method of feline obesity and MS, based on the established diagnostic criteria of human MS and the presented study results. The results supported our novel “classification of feline obesity” and “Feline MS diagnostic criteria,” suggesting the need to complement ADN measurement with VAT volume to better understand the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in the feline population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okada
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Musashino , Japan
| | | | | | - Toshiro Arai
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Musashino , Japan
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Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Dogs with Different Body Scores. Vet Med Int 2016; 2016:8675283. [PMID: 28058131 PMCID: PMC5183795 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8675283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the frequency for the occurrence of MS in dogs, using the criteria determined, and to correlate the criteria of dogs that would characterize the MS with different body condition score (BCS). 271 dogs with different body scores were studied, with 101 dogs with BCS 4-5; 101 dogs with BCS 6-7; and 69 dogs with BCS 8-9. Among the dogs studied, 62 (22,87%) had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. Of these, 28 had BCS 6-7, while 34 dogs had BCS 8-9. Therefore, 27,72% of overweight dogs had inclusion criteria for MS and 49,27% of obese ones had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. When only overweight and obese dogs were considered as a total population, it was observed that 36,47% got inclusion criteria for the MS. No dog with BCS 4-5 showed two or more inclusion criteria for MS. The metabolic syndrome, according to the parameters for inclusion defined in the literature, was observed in 22,87% of the animals studied and in 36% of dogs overweight or obese. Furthermore, MS was most common in obese (49%) compared to overweight dogs (27%).
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12
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Behling-Kelly E. Comparison of 2 electrophoretic methods and a wet-chemistry method in the analysis of canine lipoproteins. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:124-34. [PMID: 26756397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of lipoprotein metabolism in small animal medicine is hindered by the lack of a gold standard method and paucity of validation data to support the use of automated chemistry methods available in the typical veterinary clinical pathology laboratory. The physical and chemical differences between canine and human lipoproteins draw into question whether the transference of some of these human methodologies for the study of canine lipoproteins is valid. Validation of methodology must go hand in hand with exploratory studies into the diagnostic or prognostic utility of measuring specific lipoproteins in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare one commercially available wet-chemistry method to manual and automated lipoprotein electrophoresis in the analysis of canine lipoproteins. METHODS Canine lipoproteins from 50 dogs were prospectively analyzed by 2 electrophoretic methods, one automated and one manual method, and one wet-chemistry method. RESULTS Electrophoretic methods identified a higher proportion of low-density lipoproteins than the wet-chemistry method. Automated electrophoresis occasionally failed to identify very low-density lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Wet-chemistry methods designed for evaluation of human lipoproteins are insensitive to canine low-density lipoproteins and may not be applicable to the study of canine lipoproteins. Automated electrophoretic methods will likely require significant modifications if they are to be used in the analysis of canine lipoproteins. Studies aimed at determining the impact of a disease state on lipoproteins should thoroughly investigate the selected methodology prior to the onset of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Mori N, Okada Y, Tsuchida N, Hatano Y, Habara M, Ishikawa S, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Preliminary Analysis of Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Serum of Healthy and Obese Dogs and Cats. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:34. [PMID: 26664963 PMCID: PMC4672184 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response associated with human obesity. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine oxidized LDL concentrations in healthy dogs and cats, and to evaluate whether obesity affects oxidized LDL concentration, using 39 cats and 19 dogs that had visited two different veterinary clinics in Japan. We hypothesized that oxidized LDL concentrations measured against body condition score (BCS) may have a potential value in evaluating the qualities of accumulated or circulating lipids in obese dogs and cats that do not show signs of metabolic diseases. The mean oxidized LDL value in BCS3 dogs (2.4 ± 0.9 μg/dl) was very similar to that of BCS5 dogs (2.2 ± 0.3 μg/dl). The mean oxidized LDL value of BCS4 dogs was 7.2 ± 10.3 μg/dl and the highest among three groups. BCS4 dogs included two dogs whose oxidized LDL values were higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of healthy humans (11.2 ± 0.3 μg/dl). On the other hand, the mean oxidized LDL value of BCS3 cats was 2.5 ± 0.9 μg/dl, and those of BCS4 and 5 cats were higher than that of BCS3, but there was no significant difference. The BCS4 cat group included one cat with a higher oxidized LDL value, and the BCS5 group also included two cats with oxidized LDL values higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of healthy humans. Interestingly, the oxidized LDL values in two obese dogs and three obese cats were indeed higher than the mean oxidized LDL value of humans with coronary artery disease (20.1 ± 1.1 μg/dl). In conclusion, this preliminary study showed reference ranges of oxidized dogs and cats against BCS. Obesity alone does not appear to have any direct effect on serum oxidized LDL values in healthy dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Mori
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuchida
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatano
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shingo Ishikawa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo , Japan
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Usui S, Yasuda H, Koketsu Y. Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations associated with dog body condition score; effect of recommended fasting duration on sample concentrations in Japanese private clinics. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1063-9. [PMID: 25866404 PMCID: PMC4591146 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to survey clinics’ guidance about recommended
fasting duration (FD) prior to lipoprotein analysis, and to characterize lipoprotein
cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in obese and overweight dogs categorized on
the basis of the 5-point body condition score (BCS) scale. A dataset was created from
lipoprotein analysis medical records of 1,538 dogs from 75 breeds in 354 clinics from 2012
to 2013. A phone survey was conducted to obtain the clinics’ FD. Two-level linear
mixed-effects models were applied to the data. Over 50% of the clinics said they
recommended fasting for 12 hr or more. Dogs in clinics with FD 12 hr or more had lower
chylomicron triglyceride concentrations than those in clinics with FD less than 8 hr
(P=0.05). Mean (± SEM) BCS at sampling was 3.7 ± 0.02. Obese and
overweight dogs had higher very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than ideal dogs
(P<0.05), but no such difference was found for low density
lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (P≥0.07). Across
all BCS, as dog age rose from 0 to 8 years old, HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased
by 13.5 mg/dl, whereas VLDL triglyceride concentrations increased by 81.7
mg/dl (P<0.05). In conclusion, FD of 8 hr or less
may affect lipoprotein lipid concentrations. Obese and overweight dogs were characterized
as having high VLDL and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Usui
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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15
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Obesity-hypertension and its relation to other diseases in dogs. Vet Res Commun 2015; 39:45-51. [PMID: 25686864 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-015-9630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease in which adipose tissue accumulates in such a way that it affects the health of the patient and is associated with a myriad of alterations such as systemic hypertension (HTN). The mechanisms by which obesity causes HTN are complex and involve several organic mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between obesity to HTN in dogs in accordance with recent international protocols (systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg) relating to age, genre, gonadal status, breed and other diseases commonly associated with HTN. A total of 244 dogs were studied, 105 non-obese controls and 139 in the obese group. For both groups, healthy and a variety of diseased dogs were observed; the correlations between pathologies and obesity were studied, paying special attention to diseases whose pathophysiologies could lead to HTN. We conclude that obesity is not a risk factor for dogs to develop HTN, and that HTN present in these patients was related to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, cardiopathies and endocrinopathies.
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Behling-Kelly E. Serum lipoprotein changes in dogs with renal disease. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1692-8. [PMID: 25273603 PMCID: PMC4895635 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated. Hypothesis Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration. Animals Prospective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students. Methods Lipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods. Results Dyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Dyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Thengchaisri N, Theerapun W, Kaewmokul S, Sastravaha A. Abdominal obesity is associated with heart disease in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:131. [PMID: 24923277 PMCID: PMC4066699 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between overall obesity and fat distribution in dogs and the development of heart disease is unclear. In the present study we evaluated the association between overall obesity and fat distribution and clinical heart disease by morphometric and computed tomography (CT)-based measurements. Body condition score (BCS), modified body mass index (MBMI, kg/m2), waist-to-hock-to-stifle distance ratio (WHSDR), waist-to-ilium wing distance ratio (WIWDR), and waist-to-truncal length ratio (WTLR) were compared between dogs with (n = 44) and without (n = 43) heart disease using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SQF) were measured in dogs with (n = 8) and without (n = 9) heart disease at the center of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae by CT. RESULTS BCS was similar between heart disease and healthy groups (3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.1, P = 0.126). The following morphometric measurements were greater in the heart disease group compared with healthy canines: MBMI (65.0 ± 4.5 vs. 52.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2, respectively, P = 0.035); WIWDR (4.1 ± 0.1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.1, P < 0.01); and WTLR (1.25 ± 0.04 vs. 1.05 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in WHSDR (3.6 ± 0.1 vs. 3.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.875). Interestingly, IAF was significantly increased in dogs with heart disease compared with healthy dogs (23.5 ± 1.5% vs. 19.4 ± 1.2%, P = 0.039) whereas SQF was similar between two groups (35.5 ± 2.7% vs. 38.6 ± 3.5%, P = 0.496). Of the five morphometric indices studied, WIWDR and WTLR provided acceptable discrimination for diagnosing heart disease in dogs, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.778 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.683-0.874) and 0.727 (95% CI:0.619-0.835), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that abdominal obesity, rather than overall obesity, is associated with heart disease in dogs. Measurements of both WIWDR and WTLR are particular useful for detection of an abdominal obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin Rd,, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Li G, Kawasumi K, Okada Y, Ishikawa S, Yamamoto I, Arai T, Mori N. Comparison of plasma lipoprotein profiles and malondialdehyde between hyperlipidemia dogs with/without treatment. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:67. [PMID: 24625120 PMCID: PMC3995584 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to compare metabolic parameters, malondialdehyde as a lipid oxidation marker, and lipid profiles between dogs with untreated hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia with treatment, in order to examine the usefulness of malondialdehyde and lipid profiles as diagnostic parameters at early stages of hyperlipidemia. Results Dog samples were collected from four different veterinary clinics across Japan from March to June 2013. They were separated into three groups: control, untreated hyperlipidemia based on temporally screening, and hyperlipidemia with current anti-hyperlipidemic (statins and fibrates) treatment. Triglyceride levels of untreated hyperlipidemia dogs were significantly higher than those of control dogs. ALT levels of hyperlipidemic dogs with treatment were the highest among three groups. VLDL and LDL of both cholesterol and triglyceride of untreated hyperlipidemia dogs were the highest among three groups. HDL1 levels in triglyceride of hyperlipidemia dogs with treatment were significantly higher than those of control and untreated hyperlipidemia dog. Malondialdehyde concentrations of untreated hyperlipidemia dogs were significantly higher than those of control and hyperlipidemic dogs with treatment. Conclusions In this study, dogs with untreated hyperlipidemia clearly showed abnormal lipid status, whereas hyperlipidemic dogs under anti-hyperlipidemia treatment showed more normal lipid status suggesting the effectiveness of the therapy. Anti-hyperlipidemics (statins and fibrates) for dogs are also effective in relieving elevated levels of lipids and lipid oxidation. Plasma lipid (triglyceride and cholesterol) profiles and malondialdehyde are useful diagnostic tools for identifying early stages of untreatment hyperlipidemia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nobuko Mori
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Kawasumi K, Kashiwado N, Okada Y, Sawamura M, Sasaki Y, Iwazaki E, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Age effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride profiles and metabolite concentrations in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:57. [PMID: 24597741 PMCID: PMC3946593 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In dogs, occurrence of lipid metabolism disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus has increased markedly in recent years. Hyperlipidemia has been regarded as a common characteristic for obese animals and hyperlipidemic condition may be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid composition changes. In this study, we investigated the changes in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) profiles and metabolite concentrations in 24 dogs (young group: 0-7 years old, n = 12, aged group: 8-13 years old, n = 12). Results Plasma adiponectin (ADN) concentrations were significantly lower in aged dogs than those in young dogs (mean ± SD, 17.2 ± 10.0 μg mL-1 vs 29.3 ± 12.5 μg mL-1, respectively; P <0.05). Although there were no significant differences statistically, aged dogs showed significantly higher plasma alpha1- acid glycoprotein (alpah1-AG) levels compared to those in young dogs. Plasma cholesterol lipoprotein and TG lipoprotein were divided into four fractions by biphasic agarose gel electrophoresis technique. The levels of the third TG-lipoprotein fraction from the positive pole (TG Fraction 3) were significantly higher in aged dogs than in young dogs (mean ± SD, 143.0 ± 109.3 mg dL-1 vs 55.2 ± 31.3 mg dL-1, respectively; P <0.05). On the correlation coefficient analysis by Peason’s method, moderate positive correlations were seen between the age and TG (r = 0.446, P = 0.029), TG Fraction 3 (r = 0.516, P = 0.010), malondialdehyde (r = 0.146, P = 0.043), alpha-1 AG (r = 0.448, P = 0.028) levels, respectively. Moderate negative correlations were seen the age and total cholesterol (TC) Fraction 2 (r = -0.446, P = 0.029), glucose (r = -0.637, P = 0.001), ADN (r = -0.408, P = 0.048), respectively. Conclusions Present data suggest biochemical characteristics of lipid metabolism disorder may be affected by aging in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Kawasumi
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Usui S, Mizoguchi Y, Yasuda H, Arai N, Koketsu Y. Dog age and breeds associated with high plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:269-72. [PMID: 24107429 PMCID: PMC3982828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to set specific dog breed and sex standards for total
cholesterol (T-Cho) and total triglyceride (T-TG) concentrations in dogs and to quantify
the associations between dog age and concentrations of both lipids for different breeds.
Increased age was associated with higher T-Cho and T-TG concentrations in all five breed
groups (P<0.05); T-Cho concentrations increased by 62.5
mg/dl between 9 and 16 years of age, and T-TG concentrations increased
by 4.8 mg/dl per year of age (P<0.05). Miniature
Schnauzers had the highest T-Cho concentrations of the studied breeds, while Miniature
Dachshunds had the lowest concentrations (P<0.05). Veterinarians
should consider dog age and breed when they use the lipid concentrations for diagnostic
purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Usui
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Diet-induced obesity suppresses ghrelin in rat gastrointestinal tract and serum. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:299-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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