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de Oliveira PL, Mendonça MO, Gonçalves GS, Franco IG, Jané DR, de Oliveira Martins T, Bosculo MRM, Montechiesi DF, Zamboni VAG, Floriano BP, de Almeida BFM. Ozone therapy by rectal insufflation in dogs: safety and oxidative stress - a randomized cross-over study. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2263-2280. [PMID: 38733456 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Ozone therapy acts in the body inducing controlled oxidative stress, thereby improving the antioxidant, immune and circulatory responses. However, very little is known about how this therapy affects oxidative stress indicators in dogs. We aimed to assess the clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of healthy dogs subjected to ozone therapy and oxygen therapy by rectal insufflation. Ten healthy dogs were allocated into three experimental groups in a cross-over design: control, without intervention; ozone, which received 100 µg of O3/kg through rectal insufflation; and oxygen, which received an ozone-equivalent volume of medicinal O2 through rectal insufflation. Dogs received four applications weekly and were followed up until the seventh week. Ozone therapy significantly increased the weight, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume and decreased total cholesterol of treated dogs. Regarding oxidative stress, ozone therapy reduced total antioxidant capacity by ferric reduction (TAC-FRAP) in D7 compared with baseline and the control, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity by cupric reduction (TAC-CUPRAC) in D42 and D49 compared with the control group, caused an increase in uric acid compared with the oxygen group and decreased lipid peroxidation on D21 compared with the control group. In conclusion, ozone therapy through rectal insufflation causes transient oxidative stress followed by an antioxidant response and discreetly interferes with a few clinical, hematological and biochemical variables in healthy dogs, although variables still remained within the reference ranges for the species, thus proving the safety of the therapy. Furthermore, oxygen therapy causes oxidative stress without inducing a subsequent antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lima de Oliveira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mariana Orlandini Mendonça
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Santos Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isadora Gimenez Franco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ribas Jané
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tainara de Oliveira Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Aquiles Gomes Zamboni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Perez Floriano
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio), Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Niesman IR. Stress and the domestic cat: have humans accidentally created an animal mimic of neurodegeneration? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1429184. [PMID: 39099784 PMCID: PMC11294998 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1429184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) appear to share commonality of origin, chronic ER stress. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle, functioning as a major site of protein synthesis and protein posttranslational modifications, required for proper folding. ER stress can occur because of external stimuli, such as oxidative stress or neuroinflammatory cytokines, creating the ER luminal environment permissive for the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins. Unresolvable ER stress upregulates a highly conserved pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR). Maladaptive chronic activation of UPR components leads to apoptotic neuronal death. In addition to other factors, physiological responses to stressors are emerging as a significant risk factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of NDD. Owned cats share a common environment with people, being exposed to many of the same stressors as people and additional pressures due to their "quasi" domesticated status. Feline Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (fCDS) presents many of the same disease hallmarks as human NDD. The prevalence of fCDS is rapidly increasing as more people welcome cats as companions. Barely recognized 20 years ago, veterinarians and scientists are in infancy stages in understanding what is a very complex disease. This review will describe how cats may represent an unexplored animal mimetic phenotype for human NDD with stressors as potential triggering mechanisms. We will consider how multiple variations of stressful events over the short-life span of a cat could affect neuronal loss or glial dysfunction and ultimately tip the balance towards dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R. Niesman
- Department of Biology, SDSU Electron Microscopy Facility, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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Zha M, Zhu S, Chen Y. Probiotics and Cat Health: A Review of Progress and Prospects. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1080. [PMID: 38930462 PMCID: PMC11205573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cats are increasingly favored as companion animals; their health has drawn widespread attention. Given the continuous improvements in the required living standards of both humans and animals, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, diarrhea, constipation, periodontal disease, obesity, diabetes, and other health issues have become recognized as valid pet problems. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat pet diseases, greatly improving animal health. However, antibiotic abuse is common, especially when seeking to treat bacterial infections. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that may be directly ingested in food or as feed additives; they improve the intestinal microflora balance, enhance immunity, and ensure healthy growth. However, cat data are usually inferred from reports on dogs or humans; cat research remains preliminary in nature. Therefore, we here describe the current understanding of how probiotics improve cat health, facilitating the further development and application of probiotics for cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musu Zha
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | | | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
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Palizzotto C, Ferri F, Callegari C, Rossi F, Manfredi M, Carcangiu L, Gerardi G, Ferro S, Cavicchioli L, Müller E, Weiss M, Vogt A, Lavatelli F, Ricagno S, Hurley K, Zini E. Renal amyloid-A amyloidosis in cats: Characterization of proteinuria and biomarker discovery, and associations with kidney histology. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:205-215. [PMID: 37991136 PMCID: PMC10800178 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease arising from serum amyloid A (SAA). Systemic AA amyloidosis recently was shown to have a high prevalence in shelter cats in Italy and was associated with azotemia and proteinuria. OBJECTIVES Investigate urine protein profiles and diagnostic biomarkers in cats with renal AA amyloidosis. ANIMALS Twenty-nine shelter cats. METHODS Case-control study. Cats with renal proteinuria that died or were euthanized between 2018 and 2021 with available necropsy kidney, liver and spleen samples, and with surplus urine collected within 30 days before death, were included. Histology was used to characterize renal damage and amyloid amount and distribution; immunohistochemistry was used to confirm AA amyloidosis. Urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) and urine amyloid A-to-creatinine (UAAC) ratios were calculated, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of proteins were performed. RESULTS Twenty-nine cats were included. Nineteen had AA amyloidosis with renal involvement. Cats with AA amyloidosis had a higher UPC (median, 3.9; range, 0.6-12.7 vs 1.5; 0.6-3.1; P = .03) and UAAC ratios (median, 7.18 × 10-3 ; range, 23 × 10-3 -21.29 × 10-3 vs 1.26 × 10-3 ; 0.21 × 10-3 -6.33 × 10-3 ; P = .04) than unaffected cats. The SDS-AGE identified mixed-type proteinuria in 89.4% of cats with AA amyloidosis and in 55.6% without AA amyloidosis (P = .57). The LC-MS identified 63 potential biomarkers associated with AA amyloidosis (P < .05). Among these, urine apolipoprotein C-III was higher in cats with AA amyloidosis (median, 1.38 × 107 ; range, 1.85 × 105 -5.29 × 107 vs 1.76 × 106 ; 0.0 × 100 -1.38 × 107 ; P = .01). In the kidney, AA-amyloidosis was associated with glomerulosclerosis (P = .02) and interstitial fibrosis (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Renal AA amyloidosis is associated with kidney lesions, increased proteinuria and increased urine excretion of SAA in shelter cats. Additional studies are needed to characterize the role of lipid transport proteins in the urine of affected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Palizzotto
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Felippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e PorporatoOrbassanoTOItaly
| | | | - Francesco Rossi
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Laura Carcangiu
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Elizabeth Müller
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Marco Weiss
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Anne‐Catherine Vogt
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational CardiologyIRCCS Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Mo R, Zhang M, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang G, Wu Y. Short-term changes in dietary fat levels and starch sources affect weight management, glucose and lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in adult cats. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad276. [PMID: 37602405 PMCID: PMC10465269 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2 × 2 factorial randomized design was utilized to investigate the effects of fat level (8% or 16% fat on a fed basis) and starch source (pea starch or corn starch) on body weight, glycolipid metabolism, hematology, and fecal microbiota in cats. The study lasted for 28 d and included a low fat and pea starch diet (LFPS), a high fat and pea starch diet, a low fat and corn starch diet, and a high fat and corn starch diet. In this study, hematological analysis showed that all cats were healthy. The apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, crude protein, and crude fat was above 85% in the four diets. After 28 d, cats fed the high fat diets (HF) gained an average of 50 g more than those fed the low fat diets (LF). The hematological results showed that the HF diets increased the body inflammation in cats, while the LFPS group improved the glucolipid metabolism. The levels of glucose and insulin were lower in cats fed the LF diets than those in cats fed the HF diets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the LF, the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were greater in the cats fed the HF diets (P < 0.05). Additionally, both fat level and starch source influenced the fecal microbiota, with the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Blautia being significantly greater in the LFPS group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Reducing energy density and using pea starch in foods are both valuable design additions to aid in the management of weight control and improve gut health in cats. This study highlights the importance of fat level and starch in weight management in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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