1
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Sun X, Xue F, Cong C, Murtaza B, Wang L, Li X, Li S, Xu Y. Characterization of two virulent Salmonella phages and transient application in egg, meat and lettuce safety. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114607. [PMID: 38945617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella, a prominent foodborne pathogen, has posed enduring challenges to the advancement of food safety and global public health. The escalating concern over antibiotic misuse, resulting in the excessive presence of drug residues in animal-derived food products, necessitates urgent exploration of alternative strategies for Salmonella control. Bacteriophages emerge as promising green biocontrol agents against pathogenic bacteria. This study delineates the identification of two novel virulent Salmonella phages, namely phage vB_SalS_ABTNLsp11241 (referred to as sp11241) and phage 8-19 (referred to as 8-19). Both phages exhibited efficient infectivity against Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE). Furthermore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of two phages to control SE in three different foods (whole chicken eggs, raw chicken meat, and lettuce) at different MOIs (1, 100, and 10000) at 4°C. It's worth noting that sp11241 and 8-19 achieved complete elimination of SE on eggs after 3 h and 6 h at MOI = 100, and after 2 h and 5 h at MOI = 10000, respectively. After 12 h of treatment with sp11241, a maximum reduction of 3.17 log10 CFU/mL in SE was achieved on raw chicken meat, and a maximum reduction of 3.00 log10 CFU/mL was achieved on lettuce. Phage 8-19 has the same effect on lettuce as sp11241, but is slightly less effective than sp11241 on chicken meat (a maximum 2.69 log10 CFU/mL reduction). In conclusion, sp11241 and 8-19 exhibit considerable potential for controlling Salmonella contamination in food at a low temperature and represent viable candidates as green antibacterial agents for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoWen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fan Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cong Cong
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, China
| | - LiLi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | - XiaoYu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | - ShuYing Li
- Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, China
| | - YongPing Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Hu Q, Lv N, Zhang L, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Wang X. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages and control hemorrhagic pneumonia on a mice model. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396774. [PMID: 38808279 PMCID: PMC11132263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens causing hemorrhagic pneumonia in Chinese forest musk deer. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is frequently isolated from the lungs of affected musk deer in Shaanxi Province, China. With the increasing bacterial drug resistance, commonly used antibiotics have shown limited efficacy against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Therefore, phages have garnered attention as a promising alternative to antibiotics among researchers. In this study, phages vB_PaeP_YL1 and vB_PaeP_YL2 (respectively referred to as YL1 and YL2) were isolated from mixed sewage samples from a farm. YL1 and YL2 exhibit an icosahedral head and a non-contractile short tail, belonging to the Podoviridae family. Identification results demonstrate good tolerance to low temperatures and pH levels, with minimal variation in potency within 30 min of UV irradiation. The MOI for both YL1 and YL2 was 0.1, and their one-step growth curve latent periods were 10 min and 20 min, respectively. Moreover, both single phage and phage cocktail effectively inhibited the growth of the host bacteria in vitro, with the phage cocktail showing superior inhibitory effects compared to the single phage. YL1 and YL2 possess double-stranded DNA genomes, with YL1 having a genome size of 72,187 bp and a total G + C content of 55.02%, while YL2 has a genome size of 72,060 bp and a total G + C content of 54.98%. YL1 and YL2 are predicted to have 93 and 92 open reading frames (ORFs), respectively, and no ORFs related to drug resistance or lysogeny were found in both phages. Genome annotation and phylogenetic analysis revealed that YL1 is closely related to vB_PaeP_FBPa1 (ON857943), while YL2 is closely related to vB_PaeP_FBPa1 (ON857943) and Phage26 (NC041907). In a mouse model of hemorrhagic pneumonia, phage cocktail treatment showed better control of the disease and significantly reduced lung bacterial load compared to single phage treatment. Therefore, YL1 and YL2 have the potential for the prevention and treatment of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qingxia Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ni Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Likun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yefei Zhou
- Nanjing Xiao Zhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Montso PK, Kropinski AM, Mokoena F, Pierneef RE, Mlambo V, Ateba CN. Comparative genomics and proteomics analysis of phages infecting multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli O177 isolated from cattle faeces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21426. [PMID: 38052835 PMCID: PMC10698182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens has become a major global health concern. To address this challenge, innovative strategies such as bacteriophage therapy must be optimised. Genomic characterisation is a crucial step in identifying suitable phage candidates for combating AMR pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterise seven phages that infect the Escherichia coli O177 strain using a whole genome sequencing. The analysis of genome sequences revealed that these phages had linear dsDNA, with genome sizes spanning from 136, 483 to 166,791 bp and GC content varying from 35.39 to 43.63%. Taxonomically, the phages were classified under three different subfamilies (Stephanstirmvirinae, Tevenvirinae, and Vequintavirinae) and three genera (Phapecoctavirus, Tequatrovirus, and Vequintavirus) within the class Caudoviricetes. In silico PhageAI analysis predicted that all the phages were virulent, with confidence levels between 96.07 and 97.26%. The phage genomes contained between 66 and 82 ORFs, which encode hypothetical and putative functional proteins. In addition, the phage genomes contained core genes associated with molecular processes such as DNA replication, transcription modulation, nucleotide metabolism, phage structure (capsid and tail), and lysis. None of the genomes carried genes associated with undesirable traits such as integrase, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and toxins. The study revealed high genome and proteome homology among E. coli O177 phages and other known Escherichia phages. The results suggest that the seven phages are new members of the genera Phapecoctavirus, Tequatrovirus, and Vequintavirus under the subfamilies Stephanstirmvirinae, Tevenvirinae, and Vequintavirinae, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Department Food Science, and Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Fortunate Mokoena
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Rian Ewald Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- SARChI Chair: Marine Microbiomics, Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria (UP), Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Choe J, Kim SH, Han JM, Kim JH, Kwak MS, Jeong DW, Park MK. Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1063-1073. [PMID: 38165607 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive result for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kwak
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Wang J, Li N, Han P, Chen Y, Xu W, Liu C. Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage BUCT_49532 lysing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Genes 2023; 59:852-867. [PMID: 37857999 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a type of virus widely distributed in nature that demonstrates a remarkable aptitude for selectively recognizing and infecting bacteria. In particular, Klebsiella pneumoniae is acknowledged as a clinical pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and frequently develops multidrug resistance. Considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages have emerged as a compelling alternative therapeutic approach. In this study, a novel phage named BUCT_49532 was isolated from sewage using K. pneumoniae K1119 as the host. Electron microscopy revealed that BUCT_49532 belongs to the Caudoviricetes class. Further analysis through whole genome sequencing demonstrated that BUCT_49532 is a Jedunavirus comprised of linear double-stranded DNA with a length of 49,532 bp. Comparative genomics analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values revealed that BUCT_49532 should be identified as a novel species. Characterized by a good safety profile, high environmental stability, and strong lytic performance, phage BUCT_49532 presents an interesting case for consideration. Although its host range is relatively narrow, its application potential can be expanded by utilizing phage cocktails, making it a promising candidate for biocontrol approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangye Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yucong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Weijian Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changxia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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6
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Kim SH, Lee H, Park MK. Isolation, characterization, and application of a novel, lytic phage vB_SalA_KFSST3 with depolymerase for the control of Salmonella and its biofilm on cantaloupe under cold temperature. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113062. [PMID: 37689855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of a novel Salmonella phage with depolymerase activity to control S. Typhimurium (ST) and its biofilm on cantaloupes, for the first time, under simulated cold temperature. vB_SalA_KFSST3 forming a halo zone was isolated and purified from a slaughterhouse with a final concentration of 12.1 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL. Based on the morphological and bioinformatics analyses, vB_SalA_KFSST3 was identified as a novel phage belonging to the family Ackermannviridae. Before employing the phage on cantaloupe, its genetic characteristics, specificity, stability, and bactericidal effect were investigated. Genetic analyses confirmed its safety and identified endolysin and two depolymerase domains possessing antibiofilm potential. In addition, the phage exhibited a broad specificity with great efficiencies toward five Salmonella strains at 4 °C, 22 °C, and 37 °C, as well as stable lytic activity over a wide range of pHs (3 to 11) and temperatures (-20 °C to 60 °C). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) and exposure time of phage were determined to be 100 and 2 h, respectively, based on the highest bacterial reduction of ∼2.7 log CFU/mL. Following the formation of ST biofilm on cantaloupe at 4 °C and 22 °C, the cantaloupe was treated with phage at an MOI of 100 for 2 h. The antibiofilm efficacy of phage was evaluated via the plate count method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial biofilm population at 22 °C was significantly greater and more condensed than that at 4 °C. After phage treatment, biofilm population and the percentage of viable ST in biofilm were reduced by ∼4.6 log CFU/cm2 and ∼90% within 2 h, respectively, which were significantly greater than those at 22 °C (∼2.0 log CFU/cm2 and ∼45%) (P < 0.05). SEM images also confirmed more drastic destruction of the cohesive biofilm architecture at 4 °C than at 22 °C. As a result of its cold temperature-robust lytic activity and the contribution of endolysin and two depolymerases, vB_SalA_KFSST3 demonstrated excellent antibiofilm efficacy at cold temperature, highlighting its potential as a promising practical biocontrol agent for the control of ST and its biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Food and Bio-Industry Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Cui JQ, Liu WH, Zhang C, Zou L, Ren HY. Genomic characterization of three bacteriophages infecting donkey-derived Escherichia coli. Virus Genes 2023; 59:752-762. [PMID: 37322310 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are an important source of novel genetic diversity. Sequencing of phage genomes can reveal new proteins with potential uses in phage therapy and help unravel the diversity of biological mechanisms by which phages take over the machinery of the host during infection. To expand the available collection of phage genomes, we have isolated, sequenced, and assembled the genome sequences of three phages that infect three pathogenic Escherichia coli strains: vB_EcoM_DE15, vB_EcoM_DE16, and vB_EcoM_DE17. Morphological characterization and genomic analysis indicated that all three phages were strictly lytic and free from integrases, virulence factors, toxins, and antimicrobial resistance genes. All three phages contained tRNAs, and especially, vB_EcoM_DE17 contained 25 tRNAs. The genomic features of these phages indicate that natural phages are capable of lysing pathogenic E.coli and have great potential in the biocontrol of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ying Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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8
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Cui J, Zhong W, Liu W, Zhang C, Zou L, Ren H. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of a lysogenic phage vB_EcoP_DE5 isolated from donkey-derived Escherichia coli. Virus Genes 2023; 59:290-300. [PMID: 36607487 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A lysogenic phage vB_EcoP_DE5 (hereafter designated DE5) was isolated from donkey-derived Escherichia coli. The bacteriophage was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the result showed that DE5 belonged to the genus Kuravirus. DE5 was sensitive to changes in temperature and pH, and it could maintain its activity at pH 7 and below 60 ℃. The whole genome sequencing revealed that DE5 had a double-stranded DNA genome of 77, 305 bp with 42.09% G+C content. A total of 126 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, including functional genes related to phage integration, DNA replication and modification, transcriptional regulation, structural and packaging proteins, and host cell lysis. One phage integrase gene, one autotransporter adhesin gene, and one tRNA gene were predicted in the whole genome, and no genes associated with drug resistance were identified. The phage DE5 integrase contained 187 amino acids and belonged to the small serine recombinase family. BLASTn analysis revealed that phage DE5 had a high-sequence identity (96%) with E. coli phage SU10. Phylogenetic analysis showed that phage DE5 was a member of the genus Kuravirus. The whole genome sequencing of lysogenic phage DE5 enhanced our understanding of lysogenic phages and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenshi Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huiying Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Deng H, Li M, Zhang Q, Gao C, Song Z, Chen C, Wang Z, Feng X. The Broad-Spectrum Endolysin LySP2 Improves Chick Survival after Salmonella Pullorum Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040836. [PMID: 37112818 PMCID: PMC10142873 DOI: 10.3390/v15040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella pullorum causes typical “Bacillary White Diarrhea” and loss of appetite in chicks, which leads to the death of chicks in severe cases; thus, it is still a critical issue in China. Antibiotics are conventional medicines used for Salmonella infections; however, due to the extensive long-term use and even abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance becomes increasingly severe, making treating pullorum disease more difficult. Most of the endolysins are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages to cleave the host’s cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. A virulent bacteriophage, YSP2, of Salmonella was isolated in a previous study. A Pichia pastoris expression strain that can express the Salmonella bacteriophage endolysin was constructed efficiently, and the Gram-negative bacteriophage endolysin, LySP2, was obtained in this study. Compared with the parental phage YSP2, which can only lyse Salmonella, LySP2 can lyse Salmonella and Escherichia. The survival rate of Salmonella-infected chicks treated with LySP2 can reach up to 70% and reduce Salmonella abundance in the liver and intestine. The treatment group showed that LySP2 significantly improved the health of infected chicks and alleviated organ damage caused by Salmonella infection. In this study, the Salmonella bacteriophage endolysin was expressed efficiently by Pichia pastoris, and the endolysin LySP2 showed good potential for the treatment of pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chencheng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanyun Song
- Changchun Customs District, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi’an Street 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0430-0193
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Cui JQ, Liu WH, Zang YX, Zhang C, Zou L, Sun HZ, Pan Q, Ren HY. Characterization and complete genome analysis of a bacteriophage vB_EcoM_DE7 infecting donkey-derived Escherichia coli. Virus Res 2022; 321:198913. [PMID: 36064043 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A lytic bacteriophage vB_EcoM_DE7 (hereafter designated DE7) that could infect donkey-derived Escherichia coli was isolated. The bacteriophage was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the result showed that DE7 belonged to the family Myoviridae. The microbiological characterization revealed that DE7 was stable over a broad range of pHs (3 ∼10) at 40-50 °C. The latent period was 10 min, and the burst size was 43 PFUs/infected cell. The whole-genome sequencing showed that DE7 was a dsDNA virus and had a genome of 86,130 bp. The genome contained 124 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 35 of which had known functions, including DNA replication and modification, transcriptional regulation, structural and packaging proteins, and host cell lysis. Twenty tRNA genes were identified, but no genes associated with bacterial pathogenicity, lysogeny and drug resistance were identified. BLASTN analysis revealed that phage DE7 had a high sequence identity (96%) with Salmonella phage vB_SPuM_SP116, but it could not lyse any Salmonella strain tested in this study. DE7 was classified as a Felix O1-like virus based on its general characterization and genomic information. Since phage DE7 exhibited high efficacy in lysing E. coli and lacked genes associated with bacterial virulence, antimicrobial resistance and lysogeny, it could be potentially used to control foal diarrhoea caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Cui
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zou
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hu-Zhi Sun
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co, Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co, Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ying Ren
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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11
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Liu W, Han L, Song P, Sun H, Zhang C, Zou L, Cui J, Pan Q, Ren H. Complete genome sequencing of a Tequintavirus bacteriophage with a broad host range against Salmonella Abortus equi isolates from donkeys. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:938616. [PMID: 36051756 PMCID: PMC9424859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.938616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortus equi (S. Abortus equi) is the most common cause of abortion in mares. It has recently been found to cause abortion in donkeys more frequently in China. A novel virulent bacteriophage vB_SabS_Sds2 (hereafter designated as Sds2) was isolated from the feces of donkeys using a S. Abortus equi strain as a host. Phage Sds2 had an isometric polyhedral head and an uncontracted long tail, belonging to the Tequintavirus, Markadamsvirinae, Demerecviridae, Caudovirales. The genome of phage Sds2 was 114,770 bp, with a GC content of 40.26%. The genome contained 160 open reading frames (ORFs), and no ORFs were associated with pathogenicity, drug resistance, or lysogenization by sequence analysis. Both genome annotation and phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage Sds2 was highly similar to T5-like bacteriophages. Phage Sds2 could lyse 100% (30/30) of S. Abortus equi strains, 25.3% (24/95) of other serotypes of Salmonella strains, and 27.6% (8/29) of Escherichia coli strains using the double-layer agar plate method. The in vitro test showed that phage Sds2 had high bactericidal activity against S. Abortus equi at a wide range of MOIs. The in vivo test indicated that phage Sds2 had an inhibitory effect on abortion in mice challenged with S. Abortus equi. In general, phage Sds2 is a novel lytic phage with a wide host range and has the potential to prevent abortion caused by S. Abortus equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Letian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huzhi Sun
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Pan,
| | - Huiying Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Huiying Ren,
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12
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Bai J, Zhang F, Liang S, Chen Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Sjöling Å, Hu R, Zhou Y. Isolation and Characterization of vB_kpnM_17-11, a Novel Phage Efficient Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:897531. [PMID: 35865823 PMCID: PMC9294173 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.897531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages and phage-encoded proteins exhibit promising prospects in the treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. In this study, a novel Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_kpnM_17-11 was isolated and identified by using a CRKP host. vB_kpnM_17-11 has an icosahedral head and a retractable tail. The latent and exponential phases were 30 and 60 minutes, respectively; the burst size was 31.7 PFU/cell and the optimal MOI was 0.001. vB_kpnM_17-11 remained stable in a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (4-40°C). The genome of vB_kpnM_17-11 is 165,894 bp, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), containing 275 Open Reading Frames (ORFs). It belongs to the family of Myoviridae, order Caudovirales, and has a close evolutionary relationship with Klebsiella phage PKO111. Sequence analysis showed that the 4530 bp orf022 of vB_kpnM_17-11 encodes a putative depolymerase. In vitro testing demonstrated that vB_kpnM_17-11 can decrease the number of K. pneumoniae by 105-fold. In a mouse model of infection, phage administration improved survival and reduced the number of K. pneumoniae in the abdominal cavity by 104-fold. In conclusion, vB_kpnM_17-11 showed excellent in vitro and in vivo performance against K. pneumoniae infection and constitutes a promising candidate for the development of phage therapy against CRKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Renjing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
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13
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Wang L, Zhang J, Liu X, Ning H, Lin H, Wang J. Biological characterization and complete genome analysis of a novel Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage vB_SM_ytsc_ply2008005c. Virus Res 2022; 318:198856. [PMID: 35780912 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major threat to global public health. Bacteriophages are regarded as a promising substitute. Here, we present a novel lytic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage, vB_SM_ytsc_ply2008005c, which was isolated from sewage water samples in Qingdao, east China. Virion morphology of phage particles indicated that ply2008005c has an icosahedral head (56±5 nm in diameter) and a noncontractile sheathed tail (129±6 nm in length), which are the typical characteristics of phages belonging to the family Siphoviridae. Phage ply2008005c could be used for phage therapy for its stability in a wide pH (4 to 12) range and high temperature (up to 70°C) environment. Genome analysis revealed that ply2008005c has a circular double-strand DNA of 42,318 bp with a G+C content of 63.02%. It shared the closest relationship with phage vB_PaeS_PAO1_Ab18, but the homology coverage is just 20%. There were 54 open reading frames predicted in its genome, including three unique proteins and 34 functional genes in different modules. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that ply2008005c forms a distinct branch of the family Siphoviridae. These results demonstrated that ply2008005c was supposed to be a representative new member within the family Siphoviridae, which could be considered a potential bioagent against multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luokai Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Houqi Ning
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
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14
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Zhang B, Sun H, Zhao F, Wang Q, Pan Q, Tong Y, Ren H. Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage vB_StaM_SA1 Infecting Staphylococcus aureus With Two Lysins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856473. [PMID: 35572667 PMCID: PMC9096886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new antimicrobial agents is critically needed due to the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. Phages have been widely considered as effective alternatives to antibiotics. A novel phage vB_StaM_SA1 (hereinafter as SA1) that can infect multiple Staphylococcus strains was isolated from untreated sewage of a pig farm, which belonged to Myoviridae family. At MOI of 0.1, the latent period of phage SA1 was 55 min, and the final titer reached about 109 PFU/mL. The genome of phage SA1 was 260,727 bp, indicating that it can be classified as a jumbo phage. The genome of SA1 had 258 ORFs and a serine tRNA, while only 53 ORFs were annotated with functions. Phage SA1 contained a group of core genes that was characterized by multiple RNA polymerase subunits and also found in phiKZ-related jumbo phages. The phylogenetic tree showed that phage SA1 was a phiKZ-related phage and was closer to jumbo phages compared with Staphylococcus phages with small genome. Three proteins (lys4, lys210, and lys211) were predicted to be associated with lysins, and two proteins with lytic function were verified by recombinant expression and bacterial survival test. Both lys210 and lys211 possessed efficient bactericidal ability, and lys210 could lyse all test strains. The results show that phage SA1 and lys210/lys211 could be potentially used as antibiotic agents to treat Staphylococcus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huzhi Sun
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Feiyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Qingdao Phagepharm Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Complete genome analysis of the novel Alcaligenes faecalis phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595. Arch Virol 2022; 167:931-934. [PMID: 35118527 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel lytic phage named vB_AfaP_QDWS595 infecting Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated and characterized in this study. The genome of phage vB_AfaP_QDWS595 was sequenced and analyzed, and the result revealed that the phage contained 70,466 bp of double-stranded DNA with 41.12% GC content. There were 74 putative genes encoding proteins as well as 11 tRNAs predicted in the phage genome. Phenotype and phylogeny analysis indicated that this phage might be a new member of the family Schitoviridae.
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16
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Ilyas SZ, Tariq H, Basit A, Tahir H, Haider Z, Rehman SU. SGP-C: A Broad Host Range Temperate Bacteriophage; Against Salmonella gallinarum. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:768931. [PMID: 35095790 PMCID: PMC8790156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella gallinarum is a poultry restricted-pathogen causing fowl-typhoid disease in adult birds with mortality rates up-to 80% and exhibit resistance against commonly used antibiotics. In this current study, a temperate broad host range bacteriophage SGP-C was isolated against S. gallinarum from poultry digesta. It showed infection ability in all the 15 tested field strains of S. gallinarum. The SGP-C phage produced circular, turbid plaques with alternate rings. Its optimum activity was observed at pH 7.0 and 37-42°C, with a latent period of 45 min and burst size of 187 virions/bacterial cell. The SGP-C lysogens, SGPC-L5 and SGPC-L6 exhibited super-infection immunity against the same phage, an already reported feature of lysogens. A virulence index of 0.5 and 0.001 as MV50 of SGP-C suggests its moderate virulence. The genome of SGP-C found circular double stranded DNA of 42 Kbp with 50.04% GC content, which encodes 63 ORFs. The presence of repressor gene at ORF49, and absence of tRNA sequence in SGP-C genome indicates its lysogenic nature. Furthermore, from NGS analysis of lysogens we propose that SGP-C genome might exist either as an episome, or both as integrated and temporary episome in the host cell and warrants further studies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its similarity with Salmonella temperate phages belonging to family Siphoviridae. The encoded proteins by SGP-C genome have not showed homology with any known toxin and virulence factor. Although plenty of lytic bacteriophages against this pathogen are already reported, to our knowledge SGP-C is the first lysogenic phage against S. gallinarum reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Characterization and genome analysis of a novel Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage vB_VpP_DE17. Virus Res 2022; 307:198580. [PMID: 34688784 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel phage vB_VpP_DE17, which infects Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was isolated from the sewer of the Huangsha aquatic market in Guangzhou. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that DE17 had an icosahedral head (47 ± 2 nm diameter) and a short, non-contractile tail (17 ± 2 nm). The genome of DE17 was a double-stranded linear DNA with a length of 43,397 bp and GC content of 49.23%. In total, 49 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted and could be divided into six modules: DNA metabolism, lysis, packaging, structure, additional function, and hypothetical proteins. Taxonomic analysis revealed that the phage belonging to the genus of Maculvirus, Autographivirinae subfamily, Podoviridae family. DE17 had a short latent period of 5 min with burst size of 80 pfu/cell. Its optimum temperature and pH ranges were 4 °C-50 °C and 5-10, respectively; it was completely inactivated after 20 min of ultraviolet irradiation. No transfer RNA (tRNA), virulence associated, or antibiotic resistance genes were identified. Bacterial challenge test revealed that DE17 had a certain inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus within 6 h. Characterization, genomic analysis and in vitro antibacterial assays of DE17 will further enhance our understanding of phage biology and diversity.
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18
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Zeng H, Li C, Luo D, Zhang J, Ding Y, Chen M, Yang X, Lei T, Wu S, Ye Q, Pang R, Gu Q, Wu Q. Novel phage vB_CtuP_B1 for controlling Cronobacter malonaticus and Cronobacter turicensis in ready-to-eat lettuce and powered infant formula. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110255. [PMID: 33992361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. are important foodborne pathogens that are a threat to people of all ages, but especially neonates and infants. Bacteriophages are biological agents that are potentially useful for the control of foodborne pathogens. However, there has been little research on the control of C. malonaticus and C. turicensis using bacteriophages. In the present study, a novel lytic phage vB_CtuP_B1 (hereafter referred to as B1)-which can simultaneously lyse C. malonaticus and C. turicensis- was isolated from river water in Guangzhou, China, and was used in the control of Cronobacter contaminated food. The phage has a short tail, and has been identified as a new species of Kayfunavirus based on genomic and phylogenetic analyses. One-step growth and stability assays revealed that phage B1 has a very short latent period (<5 min) and a large burst size (4006 pfu/cell), and is highly stable between 25 and 60 °C and between pH 5 and 11. Its genome encodes two lytic proteins, but does not contain any genes responsible for antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. In broth, the phage B1 completely inhibited the growth of C. malonaticus cro2475W and C. turicensis cro1541A1-1 for up to 6 h. On lettuce, phage B1 reduced the viable count of C. turicensis cro1541A1-1 to below the detection limit for bacteria on lettuce (<10 cfu/mL) after 6 h at 4 °C and 2 h at 25 °C, and also significantly reduced the viable count of C. malonaticus cro2475W at those temperatures. In powdered infant formula, the viable counts of both the phage-treated bacterial hosts were significantly reduced after 2 h of storage at 4 °C or 37 °C. Furthermore, phage B1 reduced the viable count of C. turicensis cro1541A1-1 to below the detection limit (<10 cfu/mL) from 4 h to 24 h at 37 °C. It significantly inhibited the growth of C. turicensis cro1541A1-1 than that of C. malonaticus cro2475W (P < 0.05). In conclusion, phage B1 with high stability and strong lytic ability is potentially useful for controlling C. malonaticus and C. turicensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chengsi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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19
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Luo D, Li C, Wu Q, Ding Y, Yang M, Hu Y, Zeng H, Zhang J. Isolation and characterization of new phage vB_CtuP_A24 and application to control Cronobacter spp. in infant milk formula and lettuce. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110109. [PMID: 33641976 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that cause severe diseases in neonates and infants. Bacteriophages are novel antibacterial agents with a potential to control this pathogen. In the current study, a novel lytic Cronobacter phage, vB_CtuP_A24, was isolated from a river in Guangzhou, China. The phage was characterized by a short, non-contractile tail and a long head and identified as a new member of the family Podoviridae. Complete genome sequence analysis of this phage indicated that its genome contained 75,106 bp of DNA, an average GC content of 44.05%, and 108 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). The annotated ORFs were associated with phage structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions. Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxic effects were not present. Cronobacter phage vB_CtuP_A24 is a novel lytic phage that can lyse five Cronobacter spp. It was stable over a wide range of temperatures (25-60 °C) and pH values (pH 4-11) and displayed a short latent period (approximately 10 min) and a large burst size (500 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell). In Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, phage A24 effectively inhibited the growth of C. dublinensis cro280B, C. sakazakii 465G, and C. malonaticus cro695W up to 9, 10, and 12 h, respectively, while in infant milk formulas, it inhibited two strains, C. sakazakii 465G and C. malonaticus cro695W, up to 24 h at 37 °C, with maximum reduction levels of approximately 5.12 ± 3.95 and 7.38 ± 3.03 log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, respectively. In lettuce, the reduction of all three strains was highly significant at 25 °C. However, the growth of C. dublinensis cro280B and C. sakazakii 465G were not significantly inhibited at 4 °C. In conclusion, Cronobacter spp. phage vB_CtuP_A24, which has lytic ability against five Cronobacter species, stability under different environments, and shows potential as a promising biocontrol agent against Cronobacter spp. in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Luo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengsi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science &Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongdan Hu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong Province, China.
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20
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Cao Y, Zhang Y, Lan W, Sun X. Characterization of vB_VpaP_MGD2, a newly isolated bacteriophage with biocontrol potential against multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:413-426. [PMID: 33389104 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen and is also pathogenic to shrimp. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains, bacteriophages have shown promise as antimicrobial agents that could be used for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. Here, a V. parahaemolyticus phage, vB_VpaP_MGD2, was isolated from a clam (Meretrix meretrix) and further characterized to evaluate its potential capability for biocontrol. Podophage vB_VpaP_MGD2 had a wide host range and was able to lyse 27 antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains. A one-step growth curve showed that vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a short latent period of 10 min and a large burst size of 244 phages per cell. Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 was able to tolerate a wide range of temperature (30 °C-50 °C) and pH (pH 3-pH 10). Two multidrug-resistant strains (SH06 and SA411) were suppressed by treatment with phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 24 h without apparent regrowth of bacterial populations. The frequency of mutations causing bacteriophage resistance was relatively low (3.1 × 10-6). Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 45,105 bp. Among the 48 open reading frames annotated in the genome, no lysogenic genes or virulence genes were detected. Sequence comparisons suggested that vB_VpaP_MGD2 is a member of a new species in the genus Zindervirus within the subfamily Autographivirinae. This is the first report of a member of the genus Zindervirus that can infect V. parahaemolyticus. These findings suggest that vB_VpaP_MGD2 may be a candidate biocontrol agent against early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) caused by multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Filik K, Szermer-Olearnik B, Wernecki M, Happonen LJ, Pajunen MI, Nawaz A, Qasim MS, Jun JW, Mattinen L, Skurnik M, Brzozowska E. The Podovirus ϕ80-18 Targets the Pathogenic American Biotype 1B Strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1356. [PMID: 32636826 PMCID: PMC7316996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence and characterization of Yersinia bacteriophage vB_YenP_ϕ80-18. ϕ80-18 was isolated in 1991 using a Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 strain 8081 as a host from a sewage sample in Turku, Finland, and based on its morphological and genomic features is classified as a podovirus. The genome is 42 kb in size and has 325 bp direct terminal repeats characteristic for podoviruses. The genome contains 57 predicted genes, all encoded in the forward strand, of which 29 showed no similarity to any known genes. Phage particle proteome analysis identified altogether 24 phage particle-associated proteins (PPAPs) including those identified as structural proteins such as major capsid, scaffolding and tail component proteins. In addition, also the DNA helicase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, 5'-exonuclease, and the lytic glycosylase proteins were identified as PPAPs, suggesting that they might be injected together with the phage genome into the host cell to facilitate the take-over of the host metabolism. The phage-encoded RNA-polymerase and DNA-primase were not among the PPAPs. Promoter search predicted the presence of four phage and eleven host RNA polymerase -specific promoters in the genome, suggesting that early transcription of the phage is host RNA-polymerase dependent and that the phage RNA polymerase takes over later. The phage tolerates pH values between 2 and 12, and is stable at 50°C but is inactivated at 60°C. It grows slowly with a 50 min latent period and has apparently a low burst size. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has a head diameter of about 60 nm, and a short tail of 20 nm. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that ϕ80-18 belongs to the Autographivirinae subfamily of the Podoviridae family, that it is 93.2% identical to Yersinia phage fHe-Yen3-01. Host range analysis showed that ϕ80-18 can infect in addition to Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 strains also strains of serotypes O:4, O:4,32, O:20 and O:21, the latter ones representing similar to Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8, the American pathogenic biotype 1B strains. In conclusion, the phage ϕ80-18 is a promising candidate for the biocontrol of the American biotype 1B Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Filik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Szermer-Olearnik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Wernecki
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lotta J Happonen
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria I Pajunen
- Research Programme Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayesha Nawaz
- Research Programme Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Suleman Qasim
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, The Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Laura Mattinen
- Research Programme Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Research Programme Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Gao M, Wang C, Qiang X, Liu H, Li P, Pei G, Zhang X, Mi Z, Huang Y, Tong Y, Bai C. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacteriophage Infecting Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:722-729. [PMID: 31912220 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel virulent phage, vB_KpnP_IME337, isolated from a hospital sewage in Beijing, China, that infects carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2 capsular type was identified and characterized. Next-generation sequencing and genome analysis revealed that vB_KpnP_IME337 had a linear double-stranded genome with a length of 44,266 base pairs and G+C content of 53.7%. Fifty-two putative open reading frames were identified, and no transfer RNA-encoding genes were detected. BLASTn analysis revealed that phage vB_KpnP_IME337 had the highest sequence similarity with Klebsiella phage phiBO1E, with genome coverage of 79%. Based on morphology, phage vB_KpnP_IME337 was determined to belong to the family Podoviridae of the order Caudovirales. It was shown that phage vB_KpnP_IME337 had an infection duration of ~ 90 min and 10 min latent period, and a highly specific to host strain. In conclusion, phage vB_KpnP_IME337 may be a promising alternative candidate to antibiotic treatment for controlling diseases caused by drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xin Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Puyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Guangqian Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM), College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, 100071, China. .,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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