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Li Y, Lin X, Xu G, Yan Q, Yu Y. Toxic effects and mechanisms of engineered nanoparticles and nanoplastics on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168421. [PMID: 37951267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are typical nanoparticles in terrestrial environments. Till now, few studies have compared their toxicity and mechanism to plants. Here we investigated the effects of CuO, nZVI ENPs and polystyrene (PS) NPs on lettuce growth, metabolic functions, and microbial community structure. Results showed that low concentrations of nanoparticles decreased root biomass and promoted photosynthetic indicators, whereas increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in roots exposed to high concentrations of nanoparticles. High-dose CuO ENP exposure significantly raised the MDA content by 124.6 % compared to CK, causing the most severe membrane damage in the roots among the three types of nanoparticles. Although linoleic acid metabolism was down-regulated, the roots alleviated CuO stress by up-regulating galactose metabolism. Uptake of PS by roots similarly caused ROS production and activated the oxidative stress system by altering amino acid and vitamin metabolism. Faster microbial responses to nanoparticles were observed in the nZVI and PS networks. The root toxicity was indirectly mediated by ion release, NP uptake, or ROS generation, ultimately impacting root cell metabolism, rhizospheric microorganism and plant growth. These findings provide theoretical basis for assessing environmental impact of nanoparticles and their possible ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Qiuliang Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 136100, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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2
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Aguinaga OE, White KN, Dean AP, Pittman JK. Addition of organic acids to acid mine drainage polluted wetland sediment leads to microbial community structure and functional changes and improved water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118064. [PMID: 34481302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious environmental problem worldwide that requires efficient and sustainable remediation technologies including the use of biological mechanisms. A key challenge for AMD bioremediation is to provide optimal conditions for microbial-mediated immobilisation of trace metals. Although organic carbon and oxygen can enhance treatment efficiency, the effect on microbial communities is unclear. In this study, surface sediments from a natural wetland with proven efficiency for AMD bioremediation were artificially exposed to oxygen (by aeration) and/or organic carbon (in the form of mixed organic acids) and incubated under laboratory conditions. In addition to measuring changes in water chemistry, a metagenomics approach was used to determine changes in sediment bacterial, archaeal and fungal community structure, and functional gene abundance. The addition of organic carbon produced major changes in the abundance of microorganisms related to iron and sulfur metabolism (including Geobacter and Pelobacter) and increased levels of particulate metals via sulfate reduction. Aeration resulted in an increase in Sideroxydans abundance but no significant changes in metal chemistry were observed. The study concludes that the utilisation of organic carbon by microorganisms is more important for achieving efficient AMD treatment than the availability of oxygen, yet the combination of oxygen with organic carbon addition did not inhibit the improvements to water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Aguinaga
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Keith N White
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew P Dean
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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3
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Pang L, Antonisamy P, Esmail GA, Alzeer AF, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Ponmurugan K, Kim YO, Kim H, Kim HJ. Nephroprotective effect of pigmented violacein isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum in wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3307-3312. [PMID: 33304136 PMCID: PMC7715039 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the nephroprotective property of violacein obtained from the bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum. The nephrotoxicity in the animal model was induced by gentamicin, potassium dichromate, mercuric chloride, and cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in the Wistar rats was analyzed by measuring the serum creatinine, uric acid, and urea level. The present investigation revealed the nephroprotective property on convoluted proximal tubule (S1 and S2 segments) and the straight proximal tubule (S3 segment). Also, violacein significantly improved the renal function by the renal protective property on S2 segment of proximal tubule from the nephrotoxicity stimulated by mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, cadmium chloride and gentamicin in animal models. Animal model studies revealed that violacein at 20 and 40 mg/kg p.o improved the renal function and significantly reduced the increased amount of uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Paulrayer Antonisamy
- Ilwonbio Co., Ltd., Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Fahad Alzeer
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karuppiah Ponmurugan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Tan S, Liu J, Fang Y, Hedlund BP, Lian ZH, Huang LY, Li JT, Huang LN, Li WJ, Jiang HC, Dong HL, Shu WS. Insights into ecological role of a new deltaproteobacterial order Candidatus Acidulodesulfobacterales by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2044-2057. [PMID: 30962514 PMCID: PMC6776010 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several abundant but yet uncultivated bacterial groups exist in extreme iron- and sulfur-rich environments, and the physiology, biodiversity, and ecological roles of these bacteria remain a mystery. Here we retrieved four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from an artificial acid mine drainage (AMD) system, and propose they belong to a new deltaproteobacterial order, Candidatus Acidulodesulfobacterales. The distribution pattern of Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in AMDs across Southeast China correlated strongly with ferrous iron. Reconstructed metabolic pathways and gene expression profiles showed that they were likely facultatively anaerobic autotrophs capable of nitrogen fixation. In addition to dissimilatory sulfate reduction, encoded by dsrAB, dsrD, dsrL, and dsrEFH genes, these microorganisms might also oxidize sulfide, depending on oxygen concentration and/or oxidation reduction potential. Several genes with homology to those involved in iron metabolism were also identified, suggesting their potential role in iron cycling. In addition, the expression of abundant resistance genes revealed the mechanisms of adaptation and response to the extreme environmental stresses endured by these organisms in the AMD environment. These findings shed light on the distribution, diversity, and potential ecological role of the new order Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Brian P Hedlund
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Zheng-Han Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Magigene Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Liang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.
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Alshatwi AA, Subash-Babu P, Antonisamy P. Violacein induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through up regulation of BAX, p53 and down regulation of MDM2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:89-97. [PMID: 26521020 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the anticancer potential of violacein and its time, dose dependent mechanism of action in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We observed, violacein inhibit MCF-7 cells viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, IC50 value was 4.5 μM in 24 h, 1.7 μM in 48 h and 0.51 μM in 72 h. Violacein triggered generation of intra cellular ROS even from the lower doses, significant ROS production was observed from 0.25, 0.45 μM dose range and it is relative to higher doses. Further we fixed 0.45 μM and 4.5 μM as an experimental dose for relative dose dependent analysis. In nuclear staining, after 48 h 0.45 μM dose showed characteristic apoptotic morphological changes such as, 59% of cells in apoptosis and 11% of cells in necrotic stage, also in 72 h we found 68% in apoptosis and 12% in necrotic stage. However, 4.5 μM (IC50) dose of violacein, 78% of cells became apoptotic and 21% in necrotic after 48 h; but in 72 h only 61% cells are in apoptotic, necrosis was increased to 38%. Violacein increased both mitochondrial and extra mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related gene expressions; it was confirmed by increased CYP1A, GPX, GSK3β and TNF-α gene. Further, 0.45 and 4.5 μM of violacein increased apoptotic genes, such as Bax, p53, caspase 3, Fas, FADD and markedly reduced Bcl-2 and MDM2 expression levels to two fold when compared to control. In addition violacein upregulated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), CDKN1A and caspase-9 significantly (p≤0.05) when compared to control. Relative quantification of caspase-8 was differently expressed; there were no changes in 0.45 μM, but in 4.5 μM we found two fold increased caspase-8 expression. In conclusion, lower dose of violacein treatment induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through TNF-α and p53 dependent mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshatwi
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Subash-Babu
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Antonisamy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, South Korea
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Miguel B, Edell A, Edson Y, Edwin P. A phytoremediation approach using Calamagrostis ligulata and Juncus imbricatus in Andean wetlands of Peru. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:323-334. [PMID: 22327477 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Emergent plant species growing in Andean natural wetlands have shown efficient phytoremediation capabilities in wetlands polluted by acid mine drainage. However, the types and amounts of heavy metals accumulated by native plant species are not well understood. In this study, we focused on determining heavy metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factors in Calamagrostis ligulata and Juncus imbricatus. Two acid wetlands located above 3,500 m a.s.l. in Ancash, Peru were assessed. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals concentrations in control and experimental plant samples were measured in dry and rainy seasons. Results indicated that C. ligulata and J. imbricatus aerial parts accumulated higher amounts of Fe, Zn, As and Al. Also, bioaccumulation factors revealed notable increases in As, Pb and Al, but less so in Cd, Fe and Zn. On the other hand, physico-chemical parameters of water quality (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, sulphides) between inflow and outflow of wetlands indicated significant differences in the presence of metals in comparison with their maximum permissible limits. Both emergent plant species showed an accumulation of heavy metals and thus the ability to recovery of water quality in wetland outflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobadilla Miguel
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, CP 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Sánchez-Andrea I, Rojas-Ojeda P, Amils R, Sanz JL. Screening of anaerobic activities in sediments of an acidic environment: Tinto River. Extremophiles 2012; 16:829-39. [PMID: 22956355 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Tinto River (Huelva, Spain) is a natural acidic rock drainage environment produced by the bio-oxidation of metallic sulfides from the Iberian Pyritic Belt. A geomicrobiological model of the different microbial cycles operating in the sediments was recently developed through molecular biological methods, suggesting the presence of iron reducers, methanogens, nitrate reducers and hydrogen producers. In this study, we used a combination of molecular biological methods and targeted enrichment incubations to validate this model and prove the existence of those potential anaerobic activities in the acidic sediments of Tinto River. Methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, denitrifying and hydrogen-producing enrichments were all positive at pH between 5 and 7. Methanogenic enrichments revealed the presence of methanogenic archaea belonging to the genera Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter. Enrichments for sulfate-reducing microorganisms were dominated by Desulfotomaculum spp. Denitrifying enrichments showed a broad diversity of bacteria belonging to the genera Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Sedimentibacter, Lysinibacillus, Delftia, Alcaligenes, Clostridium and Desulfitobacterium. Hydrogen-producing enrichments were dominated by Clostridium spp. These enrichments confirm the presence of anaerobic activities in the acidic sediments of the Tinto River that are normally assumed to take place exclusively at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, C-014/021, Campus de Cantoblanco, Crtra. de Colmenar, Km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Sánchez-Andrea I, Rodríguez N, Amils R, Sanz JL. Microbial diversity in anaerobic sediments at Rio Tinto, a naturally acidic environment with a high heavy metal content. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6085-93. [PMID: 21724883 PMCID: PMC3165421 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00654-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tinto River is an extreme environment located at the core of the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB). It is an unusual ecosystem due to its size (100 km long), constant acidic pH (mean pH, 2.3), and high concentration of heavy metals, iron, and sulfate in its waters, characteristics that make the Tinto River Basin comparable to acidic mine drainage (AMD) systems. In this paper we present an extensive survey of the Tinto River sediment microbiota using two culture-independent approaches: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning of 16S rRNA genes. The taxonomic affiliation of the Bacteria showed a high degree of biodiversity, falling into 5 different phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria; meanwhile, all the Archaea were affiliated with the order Thermoplasmatales. Microorganisms involved in the iron (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Sulfobacillus spp., Ferroplasma spp., etc.), sulfur (Desulfurella spp., Desulfosporosinus spp., Thermodesulfobium spp., etc.), and carbon (Acidiphilium spp., Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Acidobacterium spp., etc.) cycles were identified, and their distribution was correlated with physicochemical parameters of the sediments. Ferric iron was the main electron acceptor for the oxidation of organic matter in the most acid and oxidizing layers, so acidophilic facultative Fe(III)-reducing bacteria appeared widely in the clone libraries. With increasing pH, the solubility of iron decreases and sulfate-reducing bacteria become dominant, with the ecological role of methanogens being insignificant. Considering the identified microorganisms-which, according to the rarefaction curves and Good's coverage values, cover almost all of the diversity-and their corresponding metabolism, we suggest a model of the iron, sulfur, and organic matter cycles in AMD-related sediments.
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MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Biodiversity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rivers
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spain
- Water Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Ctra. Ajalvir-Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Ctra. Ajalvir-Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sood N, Patle S, Lal B. Bioremediation of acidic oily sludge-contaminated soil by the novel yeast strain Candida digboiensis TERI ASN6. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:603-610. [PMID: 19774407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Primitive wax refining techniques had resulted in almost 50,000 tonnes of acidic oily sludge (pH 1-3) being accumulated inside the Digboi refinery premises in Assam state, northeast India. A novel yeast species Candida digboiensis TERI ASN6 was obtained that could degrade the acidic petroleum hydrocarbons at pH 3 under laboratory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation potential of this strain under laboratory and field conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ability of TERI ASN6 to degrade the hydrocarbons found in the acidic oily sludge was established by gravimetry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Following this, a feasibility study was done, on site, to study various treatments for the remediation of the acidic sludge. Among the treatments, the application of C. digboiensis TERI ASN6 with nutrients showed the highest degradation of the acidic oily sludge. This treatment was then selected for the full-scale bioremediation study conducted on site, inside the refinery premises. RESULTS The novel yeast strain TERI ASN6 could degrade 40 mg of eicosane in 50 ml of minimal salts medium in 10 days and 72% of heneicosane in 192 h at pH 3. The degradation of alkanes yielded monocarboxylic acid intermediates while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene found in the acidic oily sludge yielded the oxygenated intermediate pyrenol. In the feasibility study, the application of TERI ASN6 with nutrients showed a reduction of solvent extractable total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from 160 to 28.81 g kg(-1) soil as compared to a TPH reduction from 183.85 to 151.10 g kg(-1) soil in the untreated control in 135 days. The full-scale bioremediation study in a 3,280-m(2) area in the refinery showed a reduction of TPH from 184.06 to 7.96 g kg(-1) soil in 175 days. DISCUSSION Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microbes is a well-known phenomenon, but most microbes are unable to withstand the low pH conditions found in Digboi refinery. The strain C. digboiensis could efficiently degrade the acidic oily sludge on site because of its robust nature, probably acquired by prolonged exposure to the contaminants. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the potential of novel yeast strain to bioremediate hydrocarbons at low pH under field conditions. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Acidic oily sludge is a potential environmental hazard. The components of the oily sludge are toxic and carcinogenic, and the acidity of the sludge further increases this problem. These results establish that the novel yeast strain C. digboiensis was able to degrade hydrocarbons at low pH and can therefore be used for bioremediating soils that have been contaminated by acidic hydrocarbon wastes generated by other methods as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Sood
- TERI University, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
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10
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Antonisamy P, Ignacimuthu S. Immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of violacein isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:300-304. [PMID: 19576742 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Violacein was isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum, a soil Gram negative bacterium collected from the forest water body soil sample of Kolli Hills; Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study the immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of violacein were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid- induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hotplate tests. Immunomodulatory effect was investigated by using ovalbumin- induced active paw anaphylaxis and sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-induced DTH tests. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast- induced hyperpyrexia in rats. The anti- oedema effect was compared with indomethacin. Violacein inhibited 42.9% of ovalbumin- induced edema. Further we found that violacein (40mg/kg b.w.) reduced the edema induced by sheep red blood cells. Violacein also produced significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing response, formalin induced paw licking response and hot plate analysis. Treatment with violacein showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that violacein possesses potent immunomodulatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antonisamy
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Antonisamy P, Kannan P, Ignacimuthu S. Anti-diarrhoeal and ulcer-protective effects of violacein isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum in Wistar rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:483-90. [PMID: 19709325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Violacein was isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum, a soil Gram-negative bacterium collected from the forest water body soil sample from Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study the anti-diarrhoeal and ulcer-protective properties of violacein were investigated in Wistar rats using castor oil, magnesium sulphate and ethanol. The intestinal transit in rats was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced and gastric emptying was delayed; 40 mg/kg of violacein elicited a greater anti-motility activity than 0.1 mg/kg of atropine. Violacein exhibited ulcer-protective properties against ethanol-induced ulceration in rats with maximal anti-ulcer activity at 40 mg/kg. Violacein also exerted significant anti-enteropooling effects, causing a dose-related inhibitory effect on castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. A profound anti-diarrhoeal activity was observed when violacein was tested in diarrhoeic rats. The frequencies of defaecation as well as the wetness of the faecal droppings were significantly reduced. Furthermore, violacein (40 mg/kg) produced 87.84% inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. The results suggested that violacein can be used for the treatment of diarrhoeal and ulcer-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulrayer Antonisamy
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
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