1
|
Sharma S, Bhardwaj A, Thakur M, Saini A. Understanding microplastic pollution of marine ecosystem: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41402-41445. [PMID: 37442935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging as prominent pollutants across the globe. Oceans are becoming major sinks for these pollutants, and their presence is widespread in coastal regions, oceanic surface waters, water column, and sediments. Studies have revealed that microplastics cause serious threats to the marine ecosystem as well as human beings. In the past few years, many research efforts have focused on studying different aspects relating to microplastic pollution of the oceans. This review summarizes sources, migration routes, and ill effects of marine microplastic pollution along with various conventional as well as advanced methods for microplastics analysis and control. However, various knowledge gaps in detection and analysis require attention in order to understand the sources and transport of microplastics, which is critical to deploying mitigation strategies at appropriate locations. Advanced removal methods and an integrated approach are necessary, including government policies and stringent regulations to control the release of plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aprajita Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Saini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abioye OE, Osunla CA, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37891478 PMCID: PMC10612165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI. RESULT The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles A Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghozzi K, Nakbi A, Challouf R, Dhiab RB. A review on microbial contamination cases in Tunisian coastal marine areas. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2142-2158. [PMID: 37186620 PMCID: wst_2023_123 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollution in marine environments is one of the critical issues with regard to the sanitary status of recreational activities and seafood harvesting due to a potential contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. This review's objectives were to identify instances of bacterial, viral and protozoan parasite pollution in the Tunisian coastal region and to make recommendations for further research. Fecal indicators such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were detected in samples of clams and mussels. Vibrionaceae species were also recorded in seawater, sediment, fish and clams in different sites from north to south with the dominance of Vibrio alginolyticus. Bivalve mollusks collected from the Tunisian coast have been revealed to harbor viruses as well as protozoan parasites. Furthermore, the isolation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains from Tunisian coastlines proves the significant spread and circulation of antibiotic resistance caused by the massive use of antibiotics. In conclusion, we suggest intensive monitoring and cutting-edge wastewater treatment technologies to enhance seawater quality and preserve the biodiversity of aquatic life. Rapid detection techniques for the most important pathogenic microorganisms in seafood and seawater must be also developed to reduce human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khemissa Ghozzi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Monastir, Tunisie E-mail:
| | - Amel Nakbi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Monastir, Tunisie E-mail:
| | - Rafika Challouf
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Monastir, Tunisie E-mail:
| | - Rym Ben Dhiab
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Monastir, Tunisie E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulhakeem MA, Alreshidi M, Bardakci F, Hamadou WS, De Feo V, Noumi E, Snoussi M. Molecular Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Marketed Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus Sea Products: Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020548. [PMID: 36836905 PMCID: PMC9963372 DOI: 10.3390/life13020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marketed fish and shellfish are a source of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS Bacteria isolated from Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus collected from a local market in Hail region (Saudi Arabia) were isolated on selective and chromogenic media and identified by using 16S RNA sequencing technique. The exoenzyme production and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of all identified bacteria were also tested. All identified bacteria were tested for their ability to form biofilm by using both qualitative and quantitative assays. RESULTS Using 16S RNA sequencing method, eight genera were identified dominated by Vibrio (42.85%), Aeromonas (23.80%), and Photobacterium (9.52%). The dominant species were V. natrigens (23.8%) and A. veronii (23.80%). All the identified strains were able to produce several exoenzymes (amylases, gelatinase, haemolysins, lecithinase, DNase, lipase, and caseinase). All tested bacteria were multidrug-resistant with a high value of the multiple antibiotic index (MARI). The antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was about 0.542 for Vibrio spp. and 0.553 for Aeromonas spp. On Congo red agar, six morphotypes were obtained, and 33.33% were slime-positive bacteria. Almost all tested microorganisms were able to form a biofilm on glass tube. Using the crystal violet technique, the tested bacteria were able to form a biofilm on glass, plastic, and polystyrene abiotic surfaces with different magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that marketed S. aurata and P. indicus harbor various bacteria with human interest that are able to produce several related-virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Abdulhakeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Sabri Hamadou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Igere BE, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Non-serogroup O1/O139 agglutinable Vibrio cholerae: a phylogenetically and genealogically neglected yet emerging potential pathogen of clinical relevance. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:323. [PMID: 35567650 PMCID: PMC9107296 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatic antigen agglutinable type-1/139 Vibrio cholerae (SAAT-1/139-Vc) members or O1/O139 V. cholerae have been described by various investigators as pathogenic due to their increasing virulence potential and production of choleragen. Reported cholera outbreak cases around the world have been associated with these choleragenic V. cholerae with high case fatality affecting various human and animals. These virulent Vibrio members have shown genealogical and phylogenetic relationship with the avirulent somatic antigen non-agglutinable strains of 1/139 V. cholerae (SANAS-1/139- Vc) or O1/O139 non-agglutinating V. cholerae (O1/O139-NAG-Vc). Reports on implication of O1/O139-NAGVc members in most sporadic cholera/cholera-like cases of diarrhea, production of cholera toxin and transmission via consumption and/or contact with contaminated water/seafood are currently on the rise. Some reported sporadic cases of cholera outbreaks and observed change in nature has also been tracable to these non-agglutinable Vibrio members (O1/O139-NAGVc) yet there is a sustained paucity of research interest on the non-agglutinable V. cholerae members. The emergence of fulminating extraintestinal and systemic vibriosis is another aspect of SANAS-1/139- Vc implication which has received low attention in terms of research driven interest. This review addresses the need to appraise and continually expand research based studies on the somatic antigen non-serogroup agglutinable type-1/139 V.cholerae members which are currently prevalent in studies of water bodies, fruits/vegetables, foods and terrestrial environment. Our opinion is amassed from interest in integrated surveillance studies, management/control of cholera outbreaks as well as diarrhea and other disease-related cases both in the rural, suburban and urban metropolis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bright E Igere
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. .,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. .,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaafrane S, Maatouk K, Alibi S, Ben Mansour H. Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the Tunisian coastal seawater. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:369-384. [PMID: 36366993 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous in seawater or estuarine water throughout the world. It is a major cause of seafood gastroenteritis complications. In this study, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was investigated in 66 seawater samples collected during 2018 from 15 stations spread along the Tunisian coast using selective media including CHROMagar Vibrio media. The results show that only eight samples contained V. parahaemolyticus. However, while Vibrio alginolyticus was detected in all samples; both Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus were not found. Nine of the presumed V. parahaemolyticus colonies were purified on tryptic soy agar from eight positive samples then identified by the API 20E biochemical test and confirmed by the presence of a specific target toxR gene. The detection of virulence genes, thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and thermostable-related haemolysin (trh), by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the presence of only two trh-positive isolates. The assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of the V. parahaemolyticus isolated revealed a complete resistance to colistin, amikacin, penicillin and cefotaxime and a total sensitivity to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) ranging from 0.4 to 0.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaafrane
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khniss Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Maatouk
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khniss Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sana Alibi
- UR - Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir Tunisia, Mahdia, Tunisia E-mail:
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- UR - Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir Tunisia, Mahdia, Tunisia E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keller E, Wyles KJ. Straws, seals, and supermarkets: Topics in the newspaper coverage of marine plastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112211. [PMID: 33711608 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Media attention to marine plastic pollution is increasing, yet it is unclear which topics are being discussed. This paper analyses all 2019 news articles referencing marine plastics in the four leading UK online newspapers. Examining 943 articles in a structural topic model, this is the first analysis to depict what is being reported and how this varied according to political alignment (right vs. left-wing), type (broadsheet vs. tabloid), and publication date. We identified 36 topics, suggesting a large variety in the coverage, with plastic pollution ranging from the primary focus to only mentioned in passing. Greater emphasis was on explaining current issues of marine plastics, with limited reference to actionable reduction measures or producer responsibility. Many topics' prevalence varied across the media outlets. We discuss how this coverage varies across media outlets, and how it relates to a broader context (i.e. potential links to behaviour and current policy efforts).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Keller
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Kayleigh J Wyles
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Noumi E, Merghni A, Alreshidi M, Del Campo R, Adnan M, Haddad O, De Feo V, Snoussi M. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization with MALDI-TOF-MS Based Identification of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Mobile Phones with their Antibiotic Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Adhesion Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113761. [PMID: 32466464 PMCID: PMC7312679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell phones, smartphones, and tablets are extensively used in social and professional life, so they are frequently exposed to bacteria. The main goal of the present work was to isolate and characterize Staphylococci strains from students’ cell phone mobiles. Subsequently, 24 Staphylococci strains were tested against a wide range of antibiotics, for the distribution of some virulence-related genes and their ability to form biofilm. Staphylococcus spp. were cultured from all studied devices on chromogenic medium and identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) technique (MALDI-TOF-MS). The results obtained showed that S. aureus was the dominant species (19 strains, 79.1%), followed by S. warneri (3 strains, 12.5%), and S. haemolyticus (2 strains, 8.3%). Isolated strains showed high percentages of hydrolytic enzymes production, resistance to many tested antibiotics, and 37.5% expressed the mecA gene. The tested strains were highly adhesive to polystyrene and glass and expressed implicated icaA (62.5%) and icaD (66.6%) genes. All Staphylococcus spp. strains tested were found to possess proteases and the α-hemolysin gene. Our results highlighted the importance of mobile phones as a great source of Staphylococcus spp., and these species were found to be resistant to many antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from (0.444) to (0.812). Most of the studied strains are able to form biofilm and expressed many virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the phenotypic and genetic characters highlighted the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the S. aureus population studied. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the human health risks associated with the identified Staphylococci strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Recovery, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance (LR99ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007,Tunisia;
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria 14 (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ons Haddad
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 18, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mechri B, Medhioub A, Medhioub MN, Aouni M. Prevalence of Biofilm Formation and Wide Distribution of Virulence Associated Genes among Vibrio spp. Strains Isolated from the Monastir Lagoon, Tunisia. Pol J Microbiol 2016; 65:307-318. [PMID: 29334058 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1215610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, 65 Vibrio spp. were isolated from the Monastir lagoon water, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. In addition, we looked for the presence of three Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence genes (tlh, trh and tdh) and ten Vibrio cholerae virulence genes (ctxA, vpi, zot, ace, toxR, toxT, tosS, toxRS, tcpA and cpP). We also investigated the antibiotic susceptibilities and the adherence ability of the identified strains to abiotic material and to biotic surfaces. The cytotoxicity activity against HeLa and Vero cell lines were also carried out for all tested strains. All Vibrio isolates were identified to the species level and produced several hydrolytic exoenzymes. The results also revealed that all strains were expressing high rates of resistance to tested antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values showed that tetracycline and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotics against the tested bacteria. Vibrio alginolyticus and V. cholerae species were the most adhesive strains to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Besides, V. alginolyticus isolates has the high levels of recombination of genes encoding V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors. In vitro cytotoxic activities of several Vibrio extracellular product were also observed among HeLa and Vero cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Mechri
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Laboratory of Aquaculture, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amel Medhioub
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed N Medhioub
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Contagious Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zou Y, Ma C, Zhang Y, Du Z, You F, Tan X, Zhang PJ. Isolation and characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus from cultured amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Ture M, Altinok I, Capkin E. Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and biochemical tests to characterize Lactococcus garvieae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:37-47. [PMID: 25664362 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) were used to compare 42 strains of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from different regions of Turkey, Italy, France and Spain. Twenty biotypes of L. garvieae were formed based on 54 biochemical tests. ERIC-PCR of genomic DNA from different L. garvieae strains resulted in amplification of multiple fragments of DNA in sizes ranging between 200 and 5000 bp with various band intensities. After cutting DNA with ApaI restriction enzyme and running on the PFGE, 11–22 resolvable bands ranging from 2 to 194 kb were observed. Turkish isolates were grouped into two clusters, and only A58 (Italy) strain was connected with Turkish isolates. Similarities between Turkish, Spanish, Italian and French isolates were <50% except 216-6 Rize strain. In Turkey, first lactococcosis occurred in Mugla, and then, it has been spread all over the country. Based on ERIC-PCR, Spanish and Italian strains of L. garvieae were related to Mugla strains. Therefore, after comparing PFGE profiles, ERIC-PCR profiles and phenotypic characteristics of 42 strains of L. garvieae, there were no relationships found between these three typing methods. PFGE method was more discriminative than the other methods.
Collapse
|
12
|
Serendipitous isolation of non-Vibrio bacterial strains carrying the cholera toxin gene from environmental waters in indonesia. Int J Microbiol 2013; 2013:406078. [PMID: 24368914 PMCID: PMC3866716 DOI: 10.1155/2013/406078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We initially attempted to isolate a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype that carries a novel variant of the cholera toxin gene (ctxAB) from environmental waters of Indonesia, where the seventh cholera pandemic by V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype began. Nested PCR targeting the gene revealed that a total of eight strains were found to carry ctxAB. However, sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of these isolates showed they were not V. cholerae but were either Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, or Aeromonas. Subsequent nested PCR assays targeting all genes known to be encoded on the CTX phage (i.e., zot, ace, orfU, cep, rstB, rstA, and rstR) showed that one isolate belonged to the Enterobacter genus carried all the genes tested, while the other isolates lacked either 2, 3, or 5 of the genes. This evidence suggests that phages with ctxAB are genetically diverse and can infect not only V. cholerae and V. mimicus but also other species and genera in the form of a pseudolysogen.
Collapse
|
13
|
Distribution and pathogenic relationship of virulence associated genes among Vibrio alginolyticus from the mariculture systems. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 27:164-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Tall A, Hervio-Heath D, Teillon A, Boisset-Helbert C, Delesmont R, Bodilis J, Touron-Bodilis A. Diversity of Vibrio spp. isolated at ambient environmental temperature in the Eastern English Channel as determined by pyrH sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1713-24. [PMID: 23473469 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the diversity of the culturable mesophilic and potentially pathogenic vibrios isolated at 22 and 37°C on TCBS medium, in September 2009 from seawater and surface sediments. METHODS AND RESULTS q-PCR assays previously selected for the identification of bacterial strains isolated at 37°C were used in combination with the partial sequencing of two housekeeping genes, pyrH and toxR, to identify 315 strains isolated at 22°C. The great majority of the 37°C strains was identified by q-PCR assays, (five of the six species) with the predominance of Vibrio alginolyticus (85·9%) and V. harveyi (10·7%). The human pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae were rarely detected (two strains each). The 22°C strains were successfully identified by the phylogeny analysis of pyrH and toxR genes, revealing 20 Vibrio species, with the predominance of the clam pathogen V. celticus (36·8%). The Splendidus and the Harveyi groups represented the main Vibrio group at 22°C (80%) and 37°C (99·5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of q-PCR assays and the sequencing of pyrH and toxR genes highlighted two different Vibrio communities at 22 and 37°C both dominated by pathogenic species for marine organisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The sequencing of the pyrH gene revealed to be a valuable tool to identify environmental Vibrio spp. strains isolated at 22°C, as 92·3% of them were identified in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tall
- Laboratoire Microbiologie-LNR, Unité Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Centre de Brest, Ifremer, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadok K, Mejdi S, Nourhen S, Amina B. Phenotypic characterization and RAPD fingerprinting of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus isolated during Tunisian fish farm outbreaks. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:17-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Li P, Liu X, Li H, Peng XX. Downregulation of Na(+)–NQR complex is essential for Vibrio alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2638-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
17
|
Ruwandeepika H, Defoirdt T, Bhowmick P, Shekar M, Bossier P, Karunasagar I. Presence of typical and atypical virulence genes in vibrio isolates belonging to the Harveyi clade. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:888-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Hajlaoui H, Mighri H, Noumi E, Snoussi M, Trabelsi N, Ksouri R, Bakhrouf A. Chemical composition and biological activities of Tunisian Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil: A high effectiveness against Vibrio spp. strains. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Biochemical characteristics and genetic diversity of Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from the Lac of Bizerte (Tunisia). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Austin B. Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses. Vet Microbiol 2010; 140:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
22
|
Snoussi M, Noumi E, Hajlaoui H, Usai D, Sechi LA, Zanetti S, Bakhrouf A. High potential of adhesion to abiotic and biotic materials in fish aquaculture facility by Vibrio alginolyticus strains. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1591-9. [PMID: 19245411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ability of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax nursery to adhere to epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Caco-2), fish mucus and their ability to form a biofilm on different surfaces (glass, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl-chloride) was investigated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS The extracellular products were rich in enzymes and the strains were haemolytic on Wagatsuma agar and possessed several hydrolytic exoenzymes such as proteases, DNase and lipases. Most strains tested were multiresistant to the 17 antibiotics tested including those used in the farm to treat vibriosis. CONCLUSIONS These bacteria were able to form a biofilm on all the surfaces tested and the cell density was the highest on the PVC surface followed by that on the glass slides, polystyrene and the polyethylene surface. More than 50% of the tested strains were adhesive to the epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Caco-2). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These properties allow these bacteria to survive, proliferate and persist in all stages of fish rearing nursery even after seawater treatment with UV light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Snoussi
- Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|