1
|
Petrova O, Semenova E, Parfirova O, Tsers I, Gogoleva N, Gogolev Y, Nikolaichik Y, Gorshkov V. RpoS-Regulated Genes and Phenotypes in the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17348. [PMID: 38139177 PMCID: PMC10743746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The alternative sigma factor RpoS is considered to be one of the major regulators providing stress resistance and cross-protection in bacteria. In phytopathogenic bacteria, the effects of RpoS have not been analyzed with regard to cross-protection, and genes whose expression is directly or indirectly controlled by RpoS have not been determined at the whole-transcriptome level. Our study aimed to determine RpoS-regulated genes and phenotypes in the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Knockout of the rpoS gene in P. atrosepticum affected the long-term starvation response, cross-protection, and virulence toward plants with enhanced immune status. The whole-transcriptome profiles of the wild-type P. atrosepticum strain and its ΔrpoS mutant were compared under different experimental conditions, and functional gene groups whose expression was affected by RpoS were determined. The RpoS promoter motif was inferred within the promoter regions of the genes affected by rpoS deletion, and the P. atrosepticum RpoS regulon was predicted. Based on RpoS-controlled phenotypes, transcriptome profiles, and RpoS regulon composition, the regulatory role of RpoS in P. atrosepticum is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yevgeny Nikolaichik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (E.S.); (O.P.); (I.T.); (N.G.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsers I, Marenina E, Meshcherov A, Petrova O, Gogoleva O, Tkachenko A, Gogoleva N, Gogolev Y, Potapenko E, Muraeva O, Ponomareva M, Korzun V, Gorshkov V. First genome-scale insights into the virulence of the snow mold causal fungus Microdochium nivale. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36627722 PMCID: PMC9830731 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pink snow mold, caused by a phytopathogenic and psychrotolerant fungus, Microdochium nivale, is a severe disease of winter cereals and grasses that predominantly occurs under snow cover or shortly after its melt. Snow mold has significantly progressed during the past decade, often reaching epiphytotic levels in northern countries and resulting in dramatic yield losses. In addition, M. nivale gradually adapts to a warmer climate, spreading to less snowy territories and causing different types of plant diseases throughout the growing period. Despite its great economic importance, M. nivale is poorly investigated; its genome has not been sequenced and its crucial virulence determinants have not been identified or even predicted. In our study, we applied a hybrid assembly based on Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads to obtain the first genome sequence of M. nivale. 11,973 genes (including 11,789 protein-encoding genes) have been revealed in the genome assembly. To better understand the genetic potential of M. nivale and to obtain a convenient reference for transcriptomic studies on this species, the identified genes were annotated and split into hierarchical three-level functional categories. A file with functionally classified M. nivale genes is presented in our study for general use. M. nivale gene products that best meet the criteria for virulence factors have been identified. The genetic potential to synthesize human-dangerous mycotoxins (fumonisin, ochratoxin B, aflatoxin, and gliotoxin) has been revealed for M. nivale. The transcriptome analysis combined with the assays for extracellular enzymatic activities (conventional virulence factors of many phytopathogens) was carried out to assess the effect of host plant (rye) metabolites on the M. nivale phenotype. In addition to disclosing plant-metabolite-upregulated M. nivale functional gene groups (including those related to host plant protein destruction and amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxication (including phytoalexins benzoxazinoids), cellulose destruction (cellulose monooxygenases), iron transport, etc.), the performed analysis pointed to a crucial role of host plant lipid destruction and fungal lipid metabolism modulation in plant-M. nivale interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Ekaterina Marenina
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Azat Meshcherov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Petrova
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Alexander Tkachenko
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Laboratory of Computer Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197101
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Evgenii Potapenko
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Muraeva
- grid.512700.1Bioinformatics Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197342
| | - Mira Ponomareva
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Viktor Korzun
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111 ,grid.425691.dKWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- grid.465285.80000 0004 0637 9007Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia 420111
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gorshkov V, Tsers I, Islamov B, Ageeva M, Gogoleva N, Mikshina P, Parfirova O, Gogoleva O, Petrova O, Gorshkova T, Gogolev Y. The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071407. [PMID: 34371610 PMCID: PMC8309280 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our study is the first to consider the changes in the entire set of matrix plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides in the course of a plant infectious disease. We compared the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide content, and the epitope distribution of pectic compounds and cross-linking glycans in non-infected potato plants and plants infected with Pectobacterium atrosepticum at the initial and advanced stages of plant colonization by the pathogen. To predict the gene products involved in the modification of the PCW polysaccharide skeleton during the infection, the expression profiles of potato and P. atrosepticum PCW-related genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq along with phylogenetic analysis. The assemblage of P. atrosepticum biofilm-like structures—the bacterial emboli—and the accumulation of specific fragments of pectic compounds that prime the formation of these structures were demonstrated within potato plants (a natural host of P. atrosepticum). Collenchyma was shown to be the most “vulnerable” tissue to P. atrosepticum among the potato stem tissues. The infection caused by the representative of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae was shown to affect not only pectic compounds but also cross-linking glycans; the content of the latter was increased in the infected plants compared to the non-infected ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Development of PCR-Based Detection System for Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae Pathogens Using Molecular Signatures. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030358. [PMID: 32131497 PMCID: PMC7143467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, usually referred to as soft rot Enterobacteriaceae, are phytopathogenic genera of bacteria that cause soft rot and blackleg diseases and are responsible for significant yield losses in many crops across the globe. Diagnosis of soft rot disease is difficult through visual disease symptoms. Pathogen detection and identification methods based on cultural and morphological identification are time-consuming and not always reliable. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method with the species-specific primers is fast and reliable for detecting soft rot pathogens. We have developed a specific and sensitive detection system for some species of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogens in the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera based on the use of species-specific primers to amplify unique genomic segments. The specificities of primers were verified by PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 14 strains of Pectobacterium, 8 strains of Dickeya, and 6 strains of non-soft rot bacteria. This PCR assay provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable method for detection of soft rot bacteria.
Collapse
|
5
|
The Bacterial Soft Rot Pathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and P. atrosepticum, Respond to Different Classes of Virulence-Inducing Host Chemical Signals. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soft rot bacteria of the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera are Gram-negative phytopathogens that produce and secrete plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDE), the actions of which lead to rotting and decay of their hosts in the field and in storage. Host chemical signals are among the factors that induce the bacteria into extracellular enzyme production and virulence. A class of compounds (Class I) made up of intermediate products of cell wall (pectin) degradation induce exoenzyme synthesis through KdgR, a global negative regulator of exoenzyme production. While the KdgR− mutant of P. carotovorum is no longer inducible by Class I inducers, we demonstrated that exoenzyme production is induced in this strain in the presence of extracts from hosts including celery, potato, carrot, and tomato, suggesting that host plants contain another class of compounds (Class II inducers) different from the plant cell wall-degradative products that work through KdgR. The Class II inducers are thermostable, water-soluble, diffusible, and dialysable through 1 kDa molecular weight cut off pore size membranes, and could be a target for soft rot disease management strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Quorum sensing in food spoilage and natural-based strategies for its inhibition. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108754. [PMID: 31882100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Food can harbor a variety of microorganisms including spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Many bacterial processes, including production of degrading enzymes, virulence factors, and biofilm formation are known to depend on cell density through a process called quorum sensing (QS), in which cells communicate by synthesizing, detecting and reacting to small diffusible signaling molecules - autoinducers (AI). The disruption of QS could decisively contribute to control the expression of many harmful bacterial phenotypes. Several quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) have been extensively studied, being many of them of natural origin. This review provides an analysis on the role of QS in food spoilage and biofilm formation within the food industry. QSI from natural sources are also reviewed towards their putative future applications to prolong shelf life of food products and decrease foodborne pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gorshkov V, Islamov B, Mikshina P, Petrova O, Burygin G, Sigida E, Shashkov A, Daminova A, Ageeva M, Idiyatullin B, Salnikov V, Zuev Y, Gorshkova T, Gogolev Y. Pectobacterium atrosepticum exopolysaccharides: identification, molecular structure, formation under stress and in planta conditions. Glycobiology 2017; 27:1016-1026. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Burygin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov, 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov, 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina Daminova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bulat Idiyatullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gorshkov VY, Daminova AG, Mikshina PV, Petrova OE, Ageeva MV, Salnikov VV, Gorshkova TA, Gogolev YV. Pathogen-induced conditioning of the primary xylem vessels - a prerequisite for the formation of bacterial emboli by Pectobacterium atrosepticum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:609-17. [PMID: 26992469 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Representatives of Pectobacterium genus are some of the most harmful phytopathogens in the world. In the present study, we have elucidated novel aspects of plant-Pectobacterium atrosepticum interactions. This bacterium was recently demonstrated to form specific 'multicellular' structures - bacterial emboli in the xylem vessels of infected plants. In our work, we showed that the process of formation of these structures includes the pathogen-induced reactions of the plant. The colonisation of the plant by P. atrosepticum is coupled with the release of a pectic polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan I, into the vessel lumen from the plant cell wall. This polysaccharide gives rise to a gel that serves as a matrix for bacterial emboli. P. atrosepticum-caused infection involves an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the vessels, creating the conditions for the scission of polysaccharides and modification of plant cell wall composition. Both the release of rhamnogalacturonan I and the increase in ROS precede colonisation of the vessels by bacteria and occur only in the primary xylem vessels, the same as the subsequent formation of bacterial emboli. Since the appearance of rhamnogalacturonan I and increase in ROS levels do not hamper the bacterial cells and form a basis for the assembly of bacterial emboli, these reactions may be regarded as part of the susceptible response of the plant. Bacterial emboli thus represent the products of host-pathogen integration, since the formation of these structures requires the action of both partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Y Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - A G Daminova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - P V Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - O E Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - M V Ageeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - V V Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - T A Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Y V Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The global response regulator ExpA controls virulence gene expression through RsmA-mediated and RsmA-independent pathways in Pectobacterium wasabiae SCC3193. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:1972-84. [PMID: 24441162 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03829-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ExpA (GacA) is a global response regulator that controls the expression of major virulence genes, such as those encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in the model soft rot phytopathogen Pectobacterium wasabiae SCC3193. Several studies with pectobacteria as well as related phytopathogenic gammaproteobacteria, such as Dickeya and Pseudomonas, suggest that the control of virulence by ExpA and its homologues is executed partly by modulating the activity of RsmA, an RNA-binding posttranscriptional regulator. To elucidate the extent of the overlap between the ExpA and RsmA regulons in P. wasabiae, we characterized both regulons by microarray analysis. To do this, we compared the transcriptomes of the wild-type strain, an expA mutant, an rsmA mutant, and an expA rsmA double mutant. The microarray data for selected virulence-related genes were confirmed through quantitative reverse transcription (qRT-PCR). Subsequently, assays were performed to link the observed transcriptome differences to changes in bacterial phenotypes such as growth, motility, PCWDE production, and virulence in planta. An extensive overlap between the ExpA and RsmA regulons was observed, suggesting that a substantial portion of ExpA regulation appears to be mediated through RsmA. However, a number of genes involved in the electron transport chain and oligogalacturonide metabolism, among other processes, were identified as being regulated by ExpA independently of RsmA. These results suggest that ExpA may only partially impact fitness and virulence via RsmA.
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbey C, Crépin A, Bergeau D, Ouchiha A, Mijouin L, Taupin L, Orange N, Feuilloley M, Dufour A, Burini JF, Latour X. In Planta Biocontrol of Pectobacterium atrosepticum by Rhodococcus erythropolis Involves Silencing of Pathogen Communication by the Rhodococcal Gamma-Lactone Catabolic Pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66642. [PMID: 23805254 PMCID: PMC3689677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence of numerous Gram-negative bacteria is under the control of a quorum sensing process based on synthesis and perception of N-acyl homoserine lactones. Rhodococcus erythropolis, a Gram-positive bacterium, has recently been proposed as a biocontrol agent for plant protection against soft-rot bacteria, including Pectobacterium. Here, we show that the γ-lactone catabolic pathway of R. erythropolis disrupts Pectobacterium communication and prevents plant soft-rot. We report the first characterization and demonstration of N-acyl homoserine lactone quenching in planta. In particular, we describe the transcription of the R. erythropolis lactonase gene, encoding the key enzyme of this pathway, and the subsequent lactone breakdown. The role of this catabolic pathway in biocontrol activity was confirmed by deletion of the lactonase gene from R. erythropolis and also its heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The γ-lactone catabolic pathway is induced by pathogen communication rather than by pathogen invasion. This is thus a novel and unusual biocontrol pathway, differing from those previously described as protecting plants from phytopathogens. These findings also suggest the existence of an additional pathway contributing to plant protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Barbey
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
- SIPRE Comité Nord Stations de Recherche et de Création Variétale, Bretteville du Grand Caux et Achicourt, France
| | - Dorian Bergeau
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Asma Ouchiha
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Lily Mijouin
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Laure Taupin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines - EA 3884 - Université de Bretagne-Sud, IUEM, Lorient, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Alain Dufour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines - EA 3884 - Université de Bretagne-Sud, IUEM, Lorient, France
| | - Jean-François Burini
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
| | - Xavier Latour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM EA 4312) - Normandie Université - Université de Rouen - IUT Evreux, Evreux, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|