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Ismail SA, Fayed B, Abdelhameed RM, Hassan AA. Chitinase-functionalized UiO-66 framework nanoparticles active against multidrug-resistant Candida Auris. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 39030474 PMCID: PMC11264975 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is a yeast that has caused several outbreaks in the last decade. Cell wall chitin plays a primary role in the antifungal resistance of C. auris. Herein, we investigated the potential of chitinase immobilized with UiO-66 to act as a potent antifungal agent against C. auris. Chitinase was produced from Talaromyces varians SSW3 in a yield of 8.97 U/g dry substrate (ds). The yield was statistically enhanced to 120.41 U/g ds by using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. We synthesized a UiO-66 framework that was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, a particle size analyzer, and a zeta sizer. The produced framework had a size of 70.42 ± 8.43 nm with a uniform cubic shape and smooth surface. The produced chitinase was immobilized on UiO-66 with an immobilization yield of 65% achieved after a 6 h loading period. The immobilization of UiO-66 increased the enzyme activity and stability, as indicated by the obtained Kd and T1/2 values. Furthermore, the hydrolytic activity of chitinase was enhanced after immobilization on UiO-66, with an increase in the Vmax and a decrease in the Km of 2- and 38-fold, respectively. Interestingly, the antifungal activity of the produced chitinase was boosted against C. auris by loading the enzyme on UiO-66, with an MIC50 of 0.89 ± 0.056 U/mL, compared to 5.582 ± 0.57 U/mL for the free enzyme. This study offers a novel promising alternative approach to combat the new emerging pathogen C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Reda M Abdelhameed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Yu Y, Chen S, Yan M, Li Y, Yang M, Liu X, Miao J, Wang X, Xiao M, Mou H, Leng K. Identification, expression, and characterization of a marine-derived chitinase Ce0303 from Chitiniphilus eburneus YS-30 with exo- and endo-hydrolytic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133980. [PMID: 39032901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
N-acetyl-oligosaccharides exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, the low catalytic efficiency of chitinase on crystalline chitin hinders the eco-friendly production of N-acetyl-oligosaccharides. A marine-derived chitinase-producing strain Chitiniphilus eburneus YS-30 was screened in this study. The genome of C. eburneus YS-30 spans 4,522,240 bp, with a G + C content of 63.96 % and 4244 coding genes. Among the chitinases secreted by C. eburneus YS-30, Ce0303 showed the highest content at 19.10 %, with a molecular weight of 73.5 kDa. Recombinant Ce0303 exhibited optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0, maintaining stability across pH 4.0-10.0. Ce0303 demonstrated strict substrate specificity, with a specific activity toward colloidal chitin of 6.41 U mg-1, Km of 2.34 mg mL-1, and kcat of 3.27 s-1. The specific activity of Ce0303 toward α-chitin was 18.87 % of its activity on colloidal chitin. Ce0303 displayed both exo- and endo-hydrolytic properties, primarily producing (GlcNAc)1-3 from colloidal chitin. The structure of Ce0303 includes one catalytic domain and two chitin-binding domains. Docking results revealed that the GlcNAc at -1 subsite formed two hydrogen bonds with conserved Trp380. The hydrolytic properties of Ce0303 will provide technical support for the comprehensive utilization of crustacean raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Sunan Chen
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Mingyan Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Yinping Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Junkui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Kailiang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Akram F, Jabbar Z, Aqeel A, Haq IU, Tariq S, Malik K. A Contemporary Appraisal on Impending Industrial and Agricultural Applications of Thermophilic-Recombinant Chitinolytic Enzymes from Microbial Sources. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1055-1075. [PMID: 35397055 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of chitinases to degrade the second most abundant polymer, chitin, into potentially useful chitooligomers and chitin derivatives has not only rendered them fit for chitinous waste management but has also made them important from industrial point of view. At the same time, they have also been recognized to have an imperative role as promising biocontrol agents for controlling plant diseases. As thermostability is an important property for an industrially important enzyme, various bacterial and fungal sources are being exploited to obtain such stable enzymes. These stable enzymes can also play a role in agriculture by maintaining their stability under adverse environmental conditions for longer time duration when used as biocontrol agent. Biotechnology has also played its role in the development of recombinant chitinases with enhanced activity, thermostability, fungicidal and insecticidal activity via recombinant DNA techniques. Furthermore, a relatively new approach of generating pathogen-resistant transgenic plants has opened new ways for sustainable agriculture by minimizing the yield loss of valuable crops and plants. This review focuses on the potential applications of thermostable and recombinant microbial chitinases in industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Tariq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Monge EC, Gardner JG. Efficient chito-oligosaccharide utilization requires two TonB-dependent transporters and one hexosaminidase in Cellvibrio japonicus. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:366-380. [PMID: 33735458 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitin utilization by microbes plays a significant role in biosphere carbon and nitrogen cycling, and studying the microbial approaches used to degrade chitin will facilitate our understanding of bacterial strategies to degrade a broad range of recalcitrant polysaccharides. The early stages of chitin depolymerization by the bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus have been characterized and are dependent on one chitin-specific lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and nonredundant glycoside hydrolases from the family GH18 to generate chito-oligosaccharides for entry into metabolism. Here, we describe the mechanisms for the latter stages of chitin utilization by C. japonicus with an emphasis on the fate of chito-oligosaccharides. Our systems biology approach combined transcriptomics and bacterial genetics using ecologically relevant substrates to determine the essential mechanisms for chito-oligosaccharide transport and catabolism in C. japonicus. Using RNAseq analysis we found a coordinated expression of genes that encode polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Mutational analysis determined that the hex20B gene product, predicted to encode a hexosaminidase, was required for efficient utilization of chito-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, two gene loci (CJA_0353 and CJA_1157), which encode putative TonB-dependent transporters, were also essential for chito-oligosaccharides utilization. This study further develops our model of C. japonicus chitin metabolism and may be predictive for other environmentally or industrially important bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela C Monge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Odintsova T, Shcherbakova L, Slezina M, Pasechnik T, Kartabaeva B, Istomina E, Dzhavakhiya V. Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure-Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7912. [PMID: 33114433 PMCID: PMC7662308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: hevein-like antimicrobial peptides; antifungal activity; antifungal determinants; synergy; chemosensitization; tebuconazole; plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Marina Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Tatyana Pasechnik
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bakhyt Kartabaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia;
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Sharma S, Singh R, Kaur R. In Silico Characterization of a Unique Plant-Like “Loopful” GH19 Chitinase from Newly Isolated Chitinophaga sp. YS-16. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2248-2257. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arnold ND, Brück WM, Garbe D, Brück TB. Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E93. [PMID: 32019265 PMCID: PMC7073968 DOI: 10.3390/md18020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, occurring in crustacean shells and cell walls of fungi. While the polysaccharide is threatening to pollute coastal ecosystems in the form of accumulating shell-waste, it has the potential to be converted into highly profitable derivatives with applications in medicine, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment, among others. Traditionally this is still mostly done by the employment of aggressive chemicals, yielding low quality while producing toxic by-products. In the last decades, the enzymatic conversion of chitin has been on the rise, albeit still not on the same level of cost-effectiveness compared to the traditional methods due to its multi-step character. Another severe drawback of the biotechnological approach is the highly ordered structure of chitin, which renders it nigh impossible for most glycosidic hydrolases to act upon. So far, only the Auxiliary Activity 10 family (AA10), including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), is known to hydrolyse native recalcitrant chitin, which spares the expensive first step of chemical or mechanical pre-treatment to enlarge the substrate surface. The main advantages of enzymatic conversion of chitin over conventional chemical methods are the biocompability and, more strikingly, the higher product specificity, product quality, and yield of the process. Products with a higher Mw due to no unspecific depolymerisation besides an exactly defined degree and pattern of acetylation can be yielded. This provides a new toolset of thousands of new chitin and chitosan derivatives, as the physio-chemical properties can be modified according to the desired application. This review aims to provide an overview of the biotechnological tools currently at hand, as well as challenges and crucial steps to achieve the long-term goal of enzymatic conversion of native chitin into specialty chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Arnold
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Wolfram M. Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
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Liu X, Li W, Hu B, Wang M, Wang J, Guan L. Identification of isobavachalcone as a potential drug for rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3399-3409. [PMID: 30132740 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea is one of the most devastating rice diseases, but there is no effective fungicide toward chitinase which is a key enzyme of M. grisea. In this study, we observed that distortion and cell-wall damage of M. grisea hyphae were significantly under the scanning electron micrograph after a 24-h treatment with 10 mg/L isobavachalcone (IBC) extracted from Psoralea corylifolia L. To further explore the effect of IBC on the cell wall of M. grisea, we examined changes in enzymes associated with cell wall degradation by enzyme activity experiments, treated liquid culture mycelia with 10 mg/L IBC for 1 h. Results displayed that chitinase was obviously more active than control group. To illustrate the interactions between IBC and chitinase, the studies of homology modeling and molecular docking were carried out successively. The results revealed that IBC had hydrogen bonds with residues ASP267 and ARG276 of chitinase. Besides, these nonpolar residues TYR270, PRO271, VAL272, LEU310, PRO311, TYR316, and LEU317 were able to form strong hydrophobic interactions. Binding energies of the chitinase-IBC complexes were calculated by MM-GBSA showed that the ΔGbind score of molecular dynamics had lower binding energy and more stable than docking complexes. All above, IBC owns significant agonistic activity in chitinase and would be a potent fungicide to inhibit the growth of M. grisea. We hope the above information provides an important insight for understanding the interactions between IBC and chitinase, which may be useful in the discovery of a novel potent agonist. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang , China
| | - Wei Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang , China
| | - Baichun Hu
- b Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jian Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Lijie Guan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang , China
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Oyeleye A, Normi YM. Chitinase: diversity, limitations, and trends in engineering for suitable applications. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR2018032300. [PMID: 30042170 PMCID: PMC6131217 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases catalyze the degradation of chitin, a ubiquitous polymer generated from the cell walls of fungi, shells of crustaceans, and cuticles of insects. They are gaining increasing attention in medicine, agriculture, food and drug industries, and environmental management. Their roles in the degradation of chitin for the production of industrially useful products and in the control of fungal pathogens and insect pests render them attractive for such purposes. However, chitinases have diverse sources, characteristics, and mechanisms of action that seem to restrain optimization procedures and render standardization techniques for enhanced practical applications complex. Hence, results of laboratory trials are not usually consistent with real-life applications. With the growing field of protein engineering, these complexities can be overcome by modifying or redesigning chitinases to enhance specific features required for specific applications. In this review, the variations in features and mechanisms of chitinases that limit their exploitation in biotechnological applications are compiled. Recent attempts to engineer chitinases for improved efficiency are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunmi Oyeleye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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Microbial and viral chitinases: Attractive biopesticides for integrated pest management. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:818-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Monge EC, Tuveng TR, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Eijsink VGH, Gardner JG. Systems analysis of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 enzymes from Cellvibrio japonicus characterizes essential chitin degradation functions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3849-3859. [PMID: 29367339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the strategies used by bacteria to degrade polysaccharides constitutes an invaluable tool for biotechnological applications. Bacteria are major mediators of polysaccharide degradation in nature; however, the complex mechanisms used to detect, degrade, and consume these substrates are not well-understood, especially for recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin. It has been previously shown that the model bacterial saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus is able to catabolize chitin, but little is known about the enzymatic machinery underlying this capability. Previous analyses of the C. japonicus genome and proteome indicated the presence of four glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) enzymes, and studies of the proteome indicated that all are involved in chitin utilization. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we have studied the roles of these four chitinases in chitin bioconversion. Genetic analyses showed that only the chi18D gene product is essential for the degradation of chitin substrates. Biochemical characterization of the four enzymes showed functional differences and synergistic effects during chitin degradation, indicating non-redundant roles in the cell. Transcriptomic studies revealed complex regulation of the chitin degradation machinery of C. japonicus and confirmed the importance of CjChi18D and CjLPMO10A, a previously characterized chitin-active enzyme. With this systems biology approach, we deciphered the physiological relevance of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 enzymes for chitin degradation in C. japonicus, and the combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches provided a comprehensive understanding of the initial stages of chitin degradation by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela C Monge
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 and
| | - Tina R Tuveng
- the Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- the Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- the Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 and
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Kashyap P, Deswal R. A novel class I Chitinase from Hippophae rhamnoides: Indications for participating in ICE-CBF cold stress signaling pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 259:62-70. [PMID: 28483054 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases are the members of PR (Pathogenesis related) proteins family and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress. A novel chitinase HrCHI1 (Accession number JQ289153) of 954bp ORF encoding 317 amino acids protein was cloned, expressed and characterized from seabuckthorn, a cold/freeze tolerant shrub. The 3D structure (predicted with I-TASSER server) showed highest homology with Oryza sativa class I chitinase (PDB 2dkvA). Putative promoter region (obtained by genome walking) showed GCC box, E-boxes, the binding site for bHLH proteins and DRE elements, the CBF (C-repeat binding factor) binding site besides TATA and CAAT boxes. The gel shift assay with the nuclear extract indicated that the HrCHI1 might be participating in CBF/ERF dependent cold stress signaling pathway. The quantitative transcript profiling supported this observation as cold induced expression of HrCBF peaked earlier (at 1h) while HrCHI1 peaked latter (after 3h) indicating HrCHI1 expression might be induced by HrCBF. Further, HrCHI1 expression was methyl jasmonate (MeJa) dependent and salicylic acid (SA) independent. HrCHI1 was expressed in E. coli and purified using chitin affinity chromatography. It showed 512U/mg chitinase hydrolytic activity and resolved as a 34kDa spot with a slightly basic pI (8.5) on a 2-D gel. The E. coli cells containing recombinant chitinase showed higher rate of growth in cold in comparison with the cells containing the empty vector. In conclusion, we have isolated and characterized a cold responsive basic class I chitinase which is regulated by MeJa and seems to be functioning via CBF/ERF dependent cold stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Kashyap
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, India
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, India.
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Aghazadeh R, Zamani M, Motallebi M, Moradyar M, Moghadassi Jahromi Z. Co-transformation of canola by chimeric chitinase and tlp genes towards improving resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:144. [PMID: 27430511 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Canola (Brassica napus) plants were co-transformed with two pathogenesis-related protein genes expressing a Trichoderma atroviride chitinase with a chitin-binding domain (chimeric chitinase) and a thaumatin-like protein (tlp) from Oryza sativa conferring resistance to phytopatogenic fungi by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The putative transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR. After measuring the specific activity of the chimeric chitinase and glucanase activity for tlp genes, transgenic plants with high specific activity were selected for southern blot analysis to confirm the copy number of the genes. In vitro assays, the antifungal activity of crude extracted protein against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed that the inhibition percentage in double transgenic plants was between 55 and 62, whereas the inhibition percentage in single-gene transformants (chimeric chitinase) ranged from 35 to 45 percent. Importantly, in greenhouse conditions, the double transgenic plants showed significant resistance than the single-gene transformant and wild type plants. The results in T2 generation using the intact leaf inoculation method showed that the average lesion diameters were 10, 14.7 and 29 mm for the double transformant, single-gene transformant and non-transgenic plants, respectively. Combined expression of chimeric chitinase and tlp in transgenic plants showed significantly enhanced resistance against S. sclerotiorum than the one that express single-gene transformant plants. These results suggest that the co-expression of chimeric chitinase and tlp can confer enhanced disease resistance in canola plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aghazadeh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zamani
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Motallebi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradyar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moghadassi Jahromi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
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Co-expression of chimeric chitinase and a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein in transgenic canola (Brassica napus) confers enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1021-32. [PMID: 26875090 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the major fungal diseases of canola. To develop resistance against this fungal disease, the chit42 from Trichoderma atroviride with chitin-binding domain and polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 2 (PG1P2) of Phaseolus vulgaris were co-expressed in canola via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RESULTS Stable integration and expression of transgenes in T0 and T2 plants was confirmed by PCR, Southern blot and RT-PCR analyses. Chitinase activity and PGIP2 inhibition were detected by colorimetric and agarose diffusion assay in transgenic lines but not in untransformed plants. The crude proteins from single copy transformant leaves having high chitinase and PGIP2 activity (T16, T8 and T3), showed up to 44 % inhibition of S. sclerotiorum hyphal growth. The homozygous T2 plants, showing inheritance in Mendelian fashion (3:1), were further evaluated under greenhouse conditions for resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Intact plants contaminated with mycelia showed resistance through delayed onset of the disease and restricted size and expansion of lesions as compared to wild type plants. CONCLUSIONS Combined expression of chimeric chit42 and pgip2 in Brassica napus L. provide subsequent protection against SSR disease and can be helpful in increasing the canola production in Iran.
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Jankiewicz U, Burkowska A, Walczak M. Chitinolytic microorganisms and their possible application in environmental protection. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:71-81. [PMID: 23989799 PMCID: PMC3889922 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the latest research findings on the applications of microbial chitinases to biological control. Microorganisms producing these enzymes can inhibit the growth of many fungal diseases that pose a serious threat to global crop production. Currently, efforts are being made to discover producers of chitinolytic enzymes. The potential exists that natural biofungicides will replace chemical fungicides or will be used to supplement currently used fungicides, which would reduce the negative impact of chemicals on the environment and support the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland,
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