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Yu F, Zhang M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yi X. Seed size and dispersal mode select mast seeding in perennial plants. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39048928 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproduction by perennial plants varies from being relatively constant over years to the production of massive and synchronous seed crops at irregular intervals, a reproductive strategy called mast seeding. The sources of interspecific differences in the extent of interannual variation in seed production are largely unknown. We conducted a global meta-analysis of animal-dispersed species to quantify how the interannual variability in seed crops produced by plants can be explained by the seed mass, dispersal mode, phylogeny, and climate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the interannual variations in seed production and seed mass tended to be similar in related species due to their shared evolution. The interannual variation in seed production was 1.22 times higher in synzoochorous species dispersed by scatter-hoarders compared with endozoochorous species dispersed by frugivores. Furthermore, the production of small seeds was associated with higher interannual variation in seed production, although synzoochorous species produced larger seeds than endozoochorous species. Precipitation rather than temperature had a significant positive effect on the interannual variation in seed production. The seed mass and dispersal mode contributed more to the interannual variation in seed production than phylogeny, climate, and fruit type. Our findings support a long-standing hypothesis that interspecific variation in the masting intensity is largely shaped by interactions between plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
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2
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Igarashi S, Yoshida S, Kenzo T, Sakai S, Nagamasu H, Hyodo F, Tayasu I, Mohamad M, Ichie T. No evidence of carbon storage usage for seed production in 18 dipterocarp masting species in a tropical rain forest. Oecologia 2024; 204:717-726. [PMID: 38483587 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Most canopy species in lowland tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia, represented by Dipterocarpaceae, undergo mast reproduction synchronously at community level during a general flowering event. Such events occur at irregular intervals of 2-10 years. Some species do not necessarily participate in every synchronous mast reproduction, however. This may be due to a lack of carbohydrate resources in the trees for masting. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in the time required to store assimilates in trees for seed production are due to the frequency of masting and/or seed size in each species. We examined the relationship between reproductive frequency and the carbon accumulation period necessary for seed production, and between the seed size and the period, using radiocarbon analysis in 18 dipterocarp canopy species. The mean carbon accumulation period was 0.84 years before seed maturation in all species studied. The carbon accumulation period did not have any significant correlation with reproductive frequency or seed size, both of which varied widely across the species studied. Our results show that for seed production, dipterocarp masting species do not use carbon assimilates stored for a period between the masting years, but instead use recent photosynthates produced primarily in a masting year, regardless of the masting interval or seed size of each species. These findings suggest that storage of carbohydrate resources is not a limiting factor in the masting of dipterocarps, and that accumulation and allocation of other resources is important as a precondition for participation in general flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Igarashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan.
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, 15 Baptist University Rd, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | | | - Fujio Hyodo
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Mohizah Mohamad
- Forest Department Sarawak, 93050, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan
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3
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Ito Y, Kudo G. The contribution of carbon budget to masting intervals in Veratrum album populations inhabiting different elevations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16295. [PMID: 38403896 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Mast flowering/seeding is often more extreme in lower-resource environments, such as alpine compared to lowland habitats. We studied a masting herb that had less extreme masting at higher elevations, and tested if this difference could be explained by higher photosynthetic productivity and/or lower reproductive investment at the higher-elevation sites. METHODS We examined the relationship between flowering intervals and carbon budget (i.e., the balance between reproductive investment and annual carbon fixation) in a masting herb, Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum, across five lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan. We evaluated the previous flowering histories of individual plants based on rhizome morphology and analyzed the masting patterns of individual populations. Total mass of the reproductive organs, as a proxy of reproductive investment, was compared between the lowland and alpine populations. Annual carbon fixation was estimated on the basis of photosynthetic capacity, total leaf area per plant, and seasonal transition of light availability. RESULTS Interval between high-flowering years was shorter and total reproductive investment was smaller in the alpine than in the lowland populations. Owing to its high photosynthetic capacity and continuous bright conditions, annual carbon fixation per plant was 1.5 times greater in alpine habitat than in lowland habitat. These results suggest that V. album alpine populations have shorter flowering intervals than lowland populations due to faster recovery from energy loss after reproduction. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that masting intervals in V. album populations can be explained by habitat-specific carbon budget balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ito
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Gaku Kudo
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Sakio H, Kon A, Kubo M, Nakano Y. Long‐term fluctuations and mechanisms of seed production of riparian tree canopy species. Ecol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sakio
- Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability Niigata University 94‐2 Koda Sado Niigata 952‐2206 Japan
| | - Ayumi Kon
- Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2‐no‐cho Nishi‐ku Niigata 950‐2181 Japan
- Green Sangyo Co., Ltd 2‐2‐10 Kandoji Chuo‐ku Niigata 950‐0983 Japan
| | - Masako Kubo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu‐cho Matsue Shimane 690‐8504 Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakano
- Tadami Beech Center Machishita 2590, Tadami, Tadami‐machi Minamiaizu‐gun Fukushima 968‐0421 Japan
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Fleurot E, Lobry JR, Boulanger V, Debias F, Mermet-Bouvier C, Caignard T, Delzon S, Bel-Venner MC, Venner S. Oak masting drivers vary between populations depending on their climatic environments. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1117-1124.e4. [PMID: 36764300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Large interannual variation in seed production, called masting, is very common in wind-pollinated tree populations and has profound implications for the dynamics of forest ecosystems and the epidemiology of certain human diseases.1,2,3,4,5 Comparing the reproductive characteristics of populations established in climatically contrasting environments would provide powerful insight into masting mechanisms, but the required data are extremely scarce. We built a database from an unprecedented fine-scale 8-year survey of 150 sessile oak trees (Quercus petraea) from 15 populations distributed over a broad climatic gradient, including individual recordings of annual flowering effort, fruiting rate, and fruit production. Although oak masting was previously considered to depend mainly on fruiting rate variations,6,7 we show that the female flowering effort is highly variable from year to year and explains most of the fruiting dynamics in two-thirds of the populations. What drives masting was found to differ among populations living under various climates. In soft-climate populations, the fruiting rate increases initially strongly with the flowering effort, and the intensity of masting results mainly from the flowering synchrony level between individuals. By contrast, the fruiting rate of harsh-climate populations depends mainly on spring weather, which ensures intense masting regardless of the flowering synchronization level. Our work highlights the need for jointly measuring flowering effort and fruit production to decipher the diversity of masting mechanisms among populations. Accounting for such diversity will be decisive in proposing accurate, and possibly contrasted, scenarios about future reproductive patterns of perennial plants with ongoing climate change and their numerous cascading effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Fleurot
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean R Lobry
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Boulanger
- Département Recherche, Développement et Innovation, Office National des Forêts, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - François Debias
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Camille Mermet-Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thomas Caignard
- UMR 1202, BIOGECO, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- UMR 1202, BIOGECO, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Claude Bel-Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Wu H, Zhang J, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Salomón RL, Yin D, Zhang P, Shen H. Large investment of stored nitrogen and phosphorus in female cones is consistent with infrequent reproduction events of Pinus koraiensis, a high value woody oil crop in Northeast Asia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1084043. [PMID: 36714788 PMCID: PMC9878279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1084043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis is famous for its high-quality timber production all the way and is much more famous for its high value health-care nut oil production potential since 1990's, but the less understanding of its reproduction biology seriously hindered its nut productivity increase. Exploring the effects of reproduction on nutrient uptake, allocation and storage help to understand and modify reproduction patterns in masting species and high nut yield cultivar selection and breeding. Here, we compared seasonality in growth and in nitrogen ([N]) and phosphorus ([P]) concentrations in needles, branches and cones of reproductive (cone-bearing) and vegetative branches (having no cones) of P. koraiensis during a masting year. The growth of one- and two-year-old reproductive branches was significantly higher than that of vegetative branches. Needle, phloem and xylem [N] and [P] were lower in reproductive branches than in vegetative branches, although the extent and significance of the differences between branch types varied across dates. [N] and [P] in most tissues were high in spring, decreased during summer, and then recovered by the end of the growing season. Overall, [N] and [P] were highest in needles, lowest in the xylem and intermediate in the phloem. More than half of the N (73.5%) and P (51.6%) content in reproductive branches were allocated to cones. There was a positive correlation between cone number and N and P content in needles (R2 = 0.64, R2 = 0.73) and twigs (R2 = 0.65, R2 = 0.62) of two-year-old reproductive branches. High nutrient sink strength of cones and vegetative tissues of reproductive branches suggested that customized fertilization practices can help improve crop yield in Pinus koraiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto L. Salomón
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dongsheng Yin
- Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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7
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Hacket-Pain A, Bogdziewicz M. Climate change and plant reproduction: trends and drivers of mast seeding change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200379. [PMID: 34657461 PMCID: PMC8520772 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is reshaping global vegetation through its impacts on plant mortality, but recruitment creates the next generation of plants and will determine the structure and composition of future communities. Recruitment depends on mean seed production, but also on the interannual variability and among-plant synchrony in seed production, the phenomenon known as mast seeding. Thus, predicting the long-term response of global vegetation dynamics to climate change requires understanding the response of masting to changing climate. Recently, data and methods have become available allowing the first assessments of long-term changes in masting. Reviewing the literature, we evaluate evidence for a fingerprint of climate change on mast seeding and discuss the drivers and impacts of these changes. We divide our discussion into the main characteristics of mast seeding: interannual variation, synchrony, temporal autocorrelation and mast frequency. Data indicate that masting patterns are changing but the direction of that change varies, likely reflecting the diversity of proximate factors underlying masting across taxa. Experiments to understand the proximate mechanisms underlying masting, in combination with the analysis of long-term datasets, will enable us to understand this observed variability in the response of masting. This will allow us to predict future shifts in masting patterns, and consequently ecosystem impacts of climate change via its impacts on masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ulica Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61‐614 Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, Saint‐Martin‐d'Hères, 38400 France
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8
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Bogdziewicz M, Kelly D, Thomas PA, Lageard JGA, Hacket-Pain A. Climate warming disrupts mast seeding and its fitness benefits in European beech. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:88-94. [PMID: 32042155 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many plants benefit from synchronous year-to-year variation in seed production, called masting. Masting benefits plants because it increases the efficiency of pollination and satiates predators, which reduces seed loss. Here, using a 39-year-long dataset, we show that climate warming over recent decades has increased seed production of European beech but decreased the year-to-year variability of seed production and the reproductive synchrony among individuals. Consequently, the benefit that the plants gained from masting has declined. While climate warming was associated with increased reproductive effort, we demonstrate that less effective pollination and greater losses of seeds to predators offset any benefits to the plants. This shows that an apparently simple benefit of climate warming unravels because of complex ecological interactions. Our results indicate that in masting systems, the main beneficiaries of climate-driven increases in seed production are seed predators, not plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dave Kelly
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Han Q, Kabeya D. Recent developments in understanding mast seeding in relation to dynamics of carbon and nitrogen resources in temperate trees. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Allen RB, Millard P, Richardson SJ. A Resource Centric View of Climate and Mast Seeding in Trees. PROGRESS IN BOTANY VOL. 79 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Grady KC, Wood TE, Kolb TE, Hersch-Green E, Shuster SM, Gehring CA, Hart SC, Allan GJ, Whitham TG. Local biotic adaptation of trees and shrubs to plant neighbors. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Grady
- School of Forestry; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Troy E. Wood
- US Geological Survey; Southwest Biological Science Center; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Thomas E. Kolb
- School of Forestry; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Erika Hersch-Green
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Michigan Technological University; Houghton MI USA
| | - Stephen M. Shuster
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Stephen C. Hart
- Life and Environmental Sciences Dept; Univ. of California; Merced CA USA
| | - Gerard J. Allan
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
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12
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Monks A, Monks JM, Tanentzap AJ. Resource limitation underlying multiple masting models makes mast seeding sensitive to future climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:419-430. [PMID: 26725252 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic models can help resolve controversy over the responses of mast seeding plants to future environmental change. We evaluate drivers of mast seeding by: developing and validating a new mechanistic resource-based model of mast seeding using four 40-yr Chionochloa (snow tussock) datasets; and comparing the performance of competing empirically-based statistical models, that aim to approximate the mechanisms underlying mast seeding, in explaining simulated and observed data. Our mechanistic model explained 90-99% of the variation in Chionochloa flowering, with higher rates of stored resource mobilisation and lower probability of climatic induction of flowering occurring at lower fertility sites. Inter-annual variation in floral induction and the degree to which seeding is resource-limited explained shifts in the relative performance of different empirical models fitted to data simulated from the mechanistic model. Empirical models explicitly capturing the interaction between the floral induction cue and internal resource state underlying the resource-limited induction mechanism had > 8.7× the statistical support of alternatives when fitted to Chionochloa datasets. We find support for resource-limited floral induction with multiple empirical models consistent with this same mechanism. As both resource acquisition and flowering cues are climate sensitive, we expect climate change to impact upon patterns of mast seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Monks
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Joanne M Monks
- Department of Conservation, PO Box 5244, Dunedin, 9058, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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13
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Bell DM, Clark JS. Seed predation and climate impacts on reproductive variation in temperate forests of the southeastern USA. Oecologia 2016; 180:1223-34. [PMID: 26747267 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Climatic effects on tree recruitment will be determined by the interactive effects of fecundity and seed predation. Evaluating how insect and vertebrate seed predators mediate tree reproductive responses to climate depends on long-term studies of seed production, development, and predation. In this study, our objectives were to (1) assess the effects of interannual climate variation on seed abortion rates, (2) assess the impact of seed density on predation rates, and (3) examine the degree to which density-dependent seed predation would amplify or dampen interannual variation in fecundity associated with seed abortion. We used a 19-year study of seed abortion and pre-dispersal predation rates by insects and vertebrates (birds and rodents) for five temperate tree species across forest plots from the North Carolina Piedmont to the Southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern USA. We found that rates of seed abortion and predation increased reproductive variation for oaks (Quercus species). Probability of seed abortion was greatest during years with cool, dry springs. Responses of seed predation on Quercus species to current year's seed density varied by species, but exhibited positive density-dependence to previous year's seed density consistent with numerical responses of seed predators. Seed abortion and predation rates for two drupe species responded little to variation in climate or seed density, respectively. Given that predation increased interannual variation in seed availability and the negative density-dependence to previous year's seed density, our results indicate that consistent numerical responses of oak seed predators may amplify interannual variation due to climate-mediated processes like seed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bell
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Pérez-Ramos IM, Aponte C, García LV, Padilla-Díaz CM, Marañón T. Why is seed production so variable among individuals? A ten-year study with oaks reveals the importance of soil environment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115371. [PMID: 25532130 PMCID: PMC4274023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast-seeding species exhibit not only a large inter-annual variability in seed production but also considerable variability among individuals within the same year. However, very little is known about the causes and consequences for population dynamics of this potentially large between-individual variability. Here, we quantified seed production over ten consecutive years in two Mediterranean oak species - the deciduous Quercus canariensis and the evergreen Q. suber - that coexist in forests of southern Spain. First, we calibrated likelihood models to identify which abiotic and biotic variables best explain the magnitude (hereafter seed productivity) and temporal variation of seed production at the individual level (hereafter CVi), and infer whether reproductive effort results from the available soil resources for the plant or is primarily determined by selectively favoured strategies. Second, we explored the contribution of between-individual variability in seed production as a potential mechanism of satiation for predispersal seed predators. We found that Q. canariensis trees inhabiting moister and more fertile soils were more productive than those growing in more resource-limited sites. Regarding temporal variation, individuals of the two studied oak species inhabiting these resource-rich environments also exhibited larger values of CVi. Interestingly, we detected a satiating effect on granivorous insects at the tree level in Q. suber, which was evident in those years where between-individual variability in acorn production was higher. These findings suggest that individual seed production (both in terms of seed productivity and inter-annual variability) is strongly dependent on soil resource heterogeneity (at least for one of the two studied oak species) with potential repercussions for recruitment and population dynamics. However, other external factors (such as soil heterogeneity in pathogen abundance) or certain inherent characteristics of the tree might be also involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Aponte
- Department of Forest and Ecosystems Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luis V. García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Padilla-Díaz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Teodoro Marañón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Crone EE, Rapp JM. Resource depletion, pollen coupling, and the ecology of mast seeding. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1322:21-34. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M. Rapp
- Department of Biology; Tufts University; Medford Massachusetts
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Tachiki Y, Iwasa Y. Coevolution of mast seeding in trees and extended diapause of seed predators. J Theor Biol 2013; 339:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Han Q, Kabeya D, Iio A, Inagaki Y, Kakubari Y. Nitrogen storage dynamics are affected by masting events in Fagus crenata. Oecologia 2013; 174:679-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grady KC, Laughlin DC, Ferrier SM, Kolb TE, Hart SC, Allan GJ, Whitham TG. Conservative leaf economic traits correlate with fast growth of genotypes of a foundation riparian species near the thermal maximum extent of its geographic range. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Grady
- School of Forestry and the Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Daniel C. Laughlin
- Department of Biological Sciences The University of Waikato Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
| | - Sharon M. Ferrier
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Thomas E. Kolb
- School of Forestry and the Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Stephen C. Hart
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California Merced CA 95343 USA
| | - Gerard J. Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
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Sala A, Hopping K, McIntire EJB, Delzon S, Crone EE. Masting in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) depletes stored nutrients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:189-199. [PMID: 22889129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
• In masting trees, synchronized, heavy reproductive events are thought to deplete stored resources and to impose a replenishment period before subsequent masting. However, direct evidence of resource depletion in wild, masting trees is very rare. Here, we examined the timing and magnitude (local vs individual-level) of stored nutrient depletion after a heavy mast event in Pinus albicaulis. • In 2005, the mast year, we compared seasonal changes in leaf and sapwood nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and leaf photosynthetic rates in cone-bearing branches, branches that never produced cones, and branches with experimentally removed cones. We also compared nutrient concentrations in cone branches and branches that had never had cones between 2005 and 2006, and measured tree ring width and new shoot growth during 2005. • During the mast year, N or P depletion occurred only in tissue fractions of reproductive branches, where photosynthetic rates were reduced. However, by the end of the following year, nutrients were depleted in all branches, indicating individual-level resource depletion. New shoot and radial growth were not affected by masting. • We provide direct evidence that mast events in wild trees deplete stored nutrients. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating reproductive costs over time and at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kelly Hopping
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Eliot J B McIntire
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA - University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Wildlife Biology Program, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Ichie T, Nakagawa M. Dynamics of mineral nutrient storage for mast reproduction in the tropical emergent tree Dryobalanops aromatica. Ecol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-011-0836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ishihara MI, Kikuzawa K. Annual and spatial variation in shoot demography associated with masting in Betula grossa: comparison between mature trees and saplings. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:1195-205. [PMID: 19734164 PMCID: PMC2766207 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Shoot demography affects the growth of the tree crown and the number of leaves on a tree. Masting may cause inter-annual and spatial variation in shoot demography of mature trees, which may in turn affect the resource budget of the tree. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of masting on the temporal and spatial variations in shoot demography of mature Betula grossa. METHODS The shoot demography was analysed in the upper and lower parts of the tree crown in mature trees and saplings over 7 years. Mature trees and saplings were compared to differentiate the effect of masting from the effect of exogenous environment on shoot demography. The fate of different shoot types (reproductive, vegetative, short, long), shoot length and leaf area were investigated by monitoring and by retrospective survey using morphological markers on branches. The effects of year and branch position on demographic parameters were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Shoot increase rate, production of long shoots, bud mortality, length of long shoots and leaf area of a branch fluctuated periodically from year to year in mature trees over 7 years, in which two masting events occurred. Branches within a crown showed synchronized annual variation, and the extent of fluctuation was larger in the upper branches than the lower branches. Vegetative shoots varied in their bud differentiation each year and contributed to the dynamic shoot demography as much as did reproductive shoots, suggesting physiological integration in shoot demography through hormonal regulation and resource allocation. CONCLUSIONS Masting caused periodic annual variation in shoot demography of the mature trees and the effect was spatially variable within a tree crown. Since masting is a common phenomenon among tree species, annual variation in shoot demography and leaf area should be incorporated into resource allocation models of mature masting trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Iwamoto Ishihara
- Laboratory of Forest Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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