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Frumento D, Grossi G, Falesiedi M, Musumeci F, Carbone A, Schenone S. Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1398. [PMID: 38338677 PMCID: PMC10855061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15-16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
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Blockade of Tyrosine Kinase, LCK Leads to Reduction in Airway Inflammation through Regulation of Pulmonary Th2/Treg Balance and Oxidative Stress in Cockroach Extract-Induced Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090793. [PMID: 36144198 PMCID: PMC9506330 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common inflammatory diseases affecting the airways. Approximately 300 million individuals suffer from asthma around the world. Allergic immune responses in the asthmatic airways are predominantly driven by Th2 cells and eosinophils. Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase which regulates several key intracellular events through phosphorylation of its substrates. Some of the intracellular signaling pathways activated by LCK phosphorylation help in differentiation of Th2 cells which secrete allergic cytokines that amplify airway inflammation. Therefore, this investigative study was designed to determine the role of LCK in a cockroach extract (CE)-induced airway inflammation murine model of allergic asthma. Further, the effect of a pharmacological LCK inhibitor, A-770041, on allergic airway inflammation and key intracellular pathways in CD4+ T cells was assessed. Our data exhibit that there is an activation of LCK during allergic airway inflammation as depicted by increased p-LCK levels in CD4+ T cells. Activated LCK is involved in the activation of ITK, PLC-γ, GATA3, NFkB, and NFATc1. Activated LCK is also involved in the upregulation of Th2 related cytokines, such as IL-4/IL-5/IL-13 and oxidative stress, and the downregulation of Treg cells. Furthermore, utilization of LCK inhibitor causes the reduction in p-LCK, PLC-γ, GATA3, and NFATc1 as well as Th2 cytokines and oxidative stress. LCK inhibitor causes upregulation of Treg cells in allergic mice. LCK inhibitor also caused a reduction in CE-induced airway inflammation and mucus secretion. Therefore, the inhibition of LCK signaling could be a fruitful approach to adjust allergic airway inflammation through the attuning of Th2/Treg immune responses. This study could lead to the design of newer treatment options for better management of allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Zhou S, Huang G. Some important inhibitors and mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:930-943. [PMID: 34942050 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that seriously affects human health and quality of life, and it is one of the main causes of labor loss and disability. Many countries have listed rheumatoid arthritis as one of the national a key diseases to tackle. The pathogenesis of RA in humans is still unknown, and medical researchers believe that the pathogenesis of RA may be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. RA is an incurable condition that can only be controlled and treated with conventional drugs. In this paper, the pathologic features and pathogenesis of RA were introduced, and the research progress of new anti-rheumatoid arthritis chemical drugs in recent years was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, 401228, China.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Schwob MR, Zhan J, Dempsey A. Modeling Cell Communication with Time-Dependent Signaling Hypergraphs. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:1151-1163. [PMID: 31449029 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2937033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways describe a group of molecules in a cell that collaborate to control one or more cell functions, such as cell division or cell death. The pathways communicate by sending signals between molecules, and this process is repeated until the terminal molecule is activated and the cell function is executed. Signaling pathways are often represented as directed graphs, which does not provide enough information when modeling cell functions and reactions. Recently, directed hypergraphs have been proposed to more accurately represent reactions such as protein activation and interaction. To further improve the representation of signaling pathways, time dependency must be considered to improve the representation of cell signaling at any given time. In this paper, the importance of time dependency in modeling signaling pathways is presented. An algorithm that finds the shortest a priori path using time-dependent hypergraphs to more robustly model signaling pathways is adopted. The shortest time-dependent hyperpaths representing signaling pathways are an improvement to the recent adoption of hypergraphs representing these pathways. The results display the improved representation of signaling pathways and motivate the adoption of time-dependent signaling hypergraphs.
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Leão RP, Cruz JV, da Costa GV, Cruz JN, Ferreira EFB, Silva RC, de Lima LR, Borges RS, dos Santos GB, Santos CBR. Identification of New Rofecoxib-Based Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: A Bioinformatics Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E209. [PMID: 32858871 PMCID: PMC7559105 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 receptor is a therapeutic target for planning potential drugs with anti-inflammatory activity. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib was selected as a pivot molecule to perform virtual ligand-based screening from six commercial databases. We performed the search for similarly shaped Rapid Overlay of Chemical Structures (ROCS) and electrostatic (EON) compounds. After, we used pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters to determine the best potential compounds, obtained through the softwares QikProp and Derek, respectively. Then, the compounds proceeded to the molecular anchorage study, which showed promising results of binding affinity with the hCOX-2 receptor: LMQC72 (∆G = -11.0 kcal/mol), LMQC36 (∆G = -10.6 kcal/mol), and LMQC50 (∆G = -10.2 kcal/mol). LMQC72 and LMQC36 showed higher binding affinity compared to rofecoxib (∆G = -10.4 kcal/mol). Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to evaluate the interaction of the compounds with the target hCOX-2 during 150 ns. In all MD simulation trajectories, the ligands remained interacting with the protein until the end of the simulation. The compounds were also complexing with hCOX-2 favorably. The compounds obtained the following affinity energy values: rofecoxib: ΔGbind = -45.31 kcal/mol; LMQC72: ΔGbind = -38.58 kcal/mol; LMQC36: ΔGbind = -36.10 kcal/mol; and LMQC50: ΔGbind = -39.40 kcal/mol. The selected LMQC72, LMQC50, and LMQC36 structures showed satisfactory pharmacokinetic results related to absorption and distribution. The toxicological predictions of these compounds did not display alerts for possible toxic groups and lower risk of cardiotoxicity compared to rofecoxib. Therefore, future in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm the anti-inflammatory potential of the compounds selected here with bioinformatics approaches based on rofecoxib ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozires P. Leão
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (R.P.L.); (R.C.S.); (L.R.d.L.); (R.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
| | - Josiane V. Cruz
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
| | - Glauber V. da Costa
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
| | - Jorddy N. Cruz
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
| | - Elenilze F. B. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of State of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - Raí C. Silva
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (R.P.L.); (R.C.S.); (L.R.d.L.); (R.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14090-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R. de Lima
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (R.P.L.); (R.C.S.); (L.R.d.L.); (R.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
| | - Rosivaldo S. Borges
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (R.P.L.); (R.C.S.); (L.R.d.L.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Gabriela B. dos Santos
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (R.P.L.); (R.C.S.); (L.R.d.L.); (R.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil.; (J.V.C.); (G.V.d.C.); (J.N.C.); (E.F.B.F.)
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Seledtsov VI, Malashchenko VV, Meniailo ME, Atochin DN, Seledtsova GV, Schepetkin IA. Inhibitory effect of IQ-1S, a selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, on phenotypical and cytokine-producing characteristics in human macrophages and T-cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173116. [PMID: 32315671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a critical mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) implicated in inflammatory processes, with IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt) being a high-affinity JNK inhibitor with pronounced anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we studied direct effects of IQ-1S on phenotypical and cytokine-producing characteristics of activated human monocytes/macrophages and T cells in vitro. Purified monocyte/macrophage cells were activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml) for 24 h, while T cells were activated by particles conjugated with antibodies (Abs) against human CD2, CD3, and CD28 for 48 h. Treatment with IQ-1S (0.5-25 μМ) in the presence of LPS reduced percentages of CD197 (CCR7)-positive cells in macrophage cultures, without affecting CD16+ (FcγRIII, low-affinity Fc-receptor), CD119+ (interferon-γ receptor 1), and CD124+ (IL-4 receptor α-subunit) cells. In addition, IQ-1S reduced production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 in macrophage cultures. In activated T cell cultures, IQ-1S decreased CD25+ cell numbers in both CD4-positive and CD4-negative T cell compartments. Central memory СD45RA-/СD197+ and effector memory СD45RA-/СD197- T cells were more sensitive to IQ-1S-mediated suppression, as compared to naïve СD45RA+/СD197+ and terminally-differentiated effector СD45RA+/СD197- T cells. IQ-1S also suppressed T-cell cytokine production (IL-2, interferon-ɣ, IL-4, and IL-10). Collectively, the results suggest that both human macrophage and T cells could be immediate cell targets for IQ-1S-based anti-inflammatory immunotherapy. IQ-1S-mediated suppressive effects were unlikely to be associated with macrophage/T helper polariation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Seledtsov
- Center for Medical Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia; Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, LT-06118, Lithuania.
| | - Vladimir V Malashchenko
- Center for Medical Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - Maksim E Meniailo
- Center for Medical Biotechnologies, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Galina V Seledtsova
- Laboratory for Cellular Technologies, Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Heo MJ, Lee C, Choi SY, Choi YM, An IS, Bae S, An S, Jung JH. Nintedanib ameliorates animal model of dermatitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4493. [PMID: 32161331 PMCID: PMC7066145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nintedanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor has been developed as therapeutics for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non-small lung cancer. We found that the expression levels of RTK, especially VEGFR1 is increased in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients from multiple independent datasets. Moreover, VEGFR1 is highly expressed by infiltrated cells in dermis from oxazolone (OXA) treated mice. Interestingly, nintedanib alleviates dermatitis symptom in OXA-induced animal model. Especially, levels of epidermis thickness, infiltrated immune cells including mast cells and eosinophils were decreased from mice cotreated with nintedanib and OXA compared with OXA treated mice. Moreover, serum IgE and Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13 were decreased by nintedanib treatment. These results suggest an evidence that nintedanib alleviates animal model of dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Heo
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Chanmi Lee
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Yeong Min Choi
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Jin Hyuk Jung
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea.
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9
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Yan Z, Deng P, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Protein Kinase Activity Analysis Based on Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061440. [PMID: 30901923 PMCID: PMC6471164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulated by protein kinases, as well as their dephosphorylation, is one of the most common post-translational modifications, and plays important roles in physiological activities, such as intracellular signal communications, gene transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Over-expression of protein kinases is closely associated with various diseases. Consequently, accurate detection of protein kinases activities and their relevant inhibitors screening is critically important, not only to the biochemical research, but also to the clinical diagnosis and therapy. Nanomaterials, taking advantage of large surface areas, as well as excellent electrical, catalytic, magnetic and optical properties, have been utilized as target concentrators, recognition components, signal transducer or amplification elements in protein kinase related assays. This review summarizes the recent representative works to highlight the applications of nanomaterials in different biosensor technologies for protein kinases activities detection and their inhibitors screening. First, different nanomaterials developed for phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment and phosphate recognition are introduced. Next, representative works are selected that mainly focus on the utilization of nanomaterials as signal transducer or amplification elements in various protein kinases sensing platforms, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, and mass spectroscopy-based approaches. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives of nanomaterials being applied in protein kinases related assays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Pingye Deng
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Ngoenkam J, Schamel WW, Pongcharoen S. Selected signalling proteins recruited to the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. Immunology 2018; 153:42-50. [PMID: 28771705 PMCID: PMC5721247 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex, expressed on T cells, determines the outcome of a T-cell response. It consists of the TCR-αβ heterodimer and the non-covalently associated signalling dimers of CD3εγ, CD3εδ and CD3ζζ. TCR-αβ binds specifically to a cognate peptide antigen bound to an MHC molecule, whereas the CD3 subunits transmit the signal into the cytosol to activate signalling events. Recruitment of proteins to specialized localizations is one mechanism to regulate activation and termination of signalling. In the last 25 years a large number of signalling molecules recruited to the TCR-CD3 complex upon antigen binding to TCR-αβ have been described. Here, we review knowledge about five of those interaction partners: Lck, ZAP-70, Nck, WASP and Numb. Some of these proteins have been targeted in the development of immunomodulatory drugs aiming to treat patients with autoimmune diseases and organ transplants.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/chemistry
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein/metabolism
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Wolfgang W. Schamel
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute for Biology IIIFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI)Medical Centre‐University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Centre of Excellence in Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
- Centre of Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced MaterialsFaculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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Oxindole-based SYK and JAK3 dual inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: designing, synthesis and biological evaluation. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1193-1211. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Autoimmune disorders have complex pathophysiology and focus is laid on the development of multitargeted agents. Two well-established kinases: SYK and JAK3, were considered to design dual inhibitors as potential therapeutics using various molecular-modeling approaches. Mehodology: Pharmacophore models for SYK and JAK3 were generated using oxindole-based inhibitors. Furthermore, an in-house database was designed that was screened against the best selected models. The obtained hits were employed for docking analysis and subjected to MM-GBSA analysis and molecular dynamic simulation. Results: Top five oxindole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro SYK and JAK3 activity. The most active compound 4a was evaluated for in vivo antiarthritic activity. It showed significant anti-arthritic activity. Conclusion: Thus, the designed inhibitors resulted in potential therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Ye J, Zhang H, He W, Zhu B, Zhou D, Chen Z, Ashraf U, Wei Y, Liu Z, Fu ZF, Chen H, Cao S. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis identifies the critical role of JNK1 in neuroinflammation induced by Japanese encephalitis virus. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra98. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Betapudi V, Shukla M, Alluri R, Merkulov S, McCrae KR. Novel role for p56/Lck in regulation of endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis. FASEB J 2016; 30:3515-3526. [PMID: 27402674 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) induces endothelial apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis and have suggested that this occurs through inhibition of Src family kinases. This study assessed the role of tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (p56/Lck) in this pathway. We analyzed early events leading to apoptosis of human endothelial cells exposed to HKa. The role of p56/Lck was investigated using short interfering (si) RNA knockdown and lentivirus expression in assays of endothelial tube formation, sprouting of neovessels from murine aorta, and angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. HKa stimulated expression and phosphorylation of p56/Lck. siRNA knockdown of p56/Lck promoted endothelial proliferation and blocked HKa-induced apoptosis and activation of p53, Bax, and Bak. Lentivirus expression of p56/Lck in endothelial cells induced apoptosis and blocked tube formation. Expression of p56/Lck in murine aortic rings blocked sprouting angiogenesis. Lentivirus expressing p56/Lck blocked angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs, while p56/Lck short hairpin RNA inhibited the antiangiogenic effect of HKa. Scrambled siRNAs and empty lentiviral vectors were used in all experiments. Apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells and inhibition of angiogenesis by HKa requires p56/Lck. This suggests a novel role for p56/Lck in regulation of endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis.-Betapudi, V., Shukla, M., Alluri, R., Merkulov, S., McCrae, K. R. Novel role for p56/Lck in regulation of endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkaiah Betapudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Meenal Shukla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ravi Alluri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sergei Merkulov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Lamb DJ, Wollin SL, Schnapp A, Bischoff D, Erb KJ, Bouyssou T, Guilliard B, Strasser C, Wex E, Blum S, Thaler E, Nickel H, Radmacher O, Haas H, Swantek JL, Souza D, Canfield M, White D, Panzenbeck M, Kashem MA, Sanville-Ross M, Kono T, Sewald K, Braun A, Obernolte H, Danov O, Schaenzle G, Rast G, Maier GM, Hoffmann M. BI 1002494, a Novel Potent and Selective Oral Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Displays Differential Potency in Human Basophils and B Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 357:554-61. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Burnstock G. P2X ion channel receptors and inflammation. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:59-67. [PMID: 26739702 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation limits tissue damage in response to pathogens or injury and promotes repair. There are two stages of inflammation, initiation and resolution. P2X receptors are gaining attention in relation to immunology and inflammation. The P2X7 receptor in particular appears to be an essential immunomodulatory receptor, although P2X1 and P2X4 receptors also appear to be involved. ATP released from damaged or infected cells causes inflammation by release of inflammatory cytokines via P2X7 receptors and acts as a danger signal by occupying upregulated P2X receptors on immune cells to increase immune responses. The purinergic involvement in inflammation is being explored for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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16
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Lind KF, Østerud B, Hansen E, Jørgensen TØ, Andersen JH. The immunomodulatory effects of barettin and involvement of the kinases CAMK1α and RIPK2. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:458-64. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1082584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Innate Immunity and Biomaterials at the Nexus: Friends or Foes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:342304. [PMID: 26247017 PMCID: PMC4515263 DOI: 10.1155/2015/342304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial implants are an established part of medical practice, encompassing a broad range of devices that widely differ in function and structural composition. However, one common property amongst biomaterials is the induction of the foreign body response: an acute sterile inflammatory reaction which overlaps with tissue vascularisation and remodelling and ultimately fibrotic encapsulation of the biomaterial to prevent further interaction with host tissue. Severity and clinical manifestation of the biomaterial-induced foreign body response are different for each biomaterial, with cases of incompatibility often associated with loss of function. However, unravelling the mechanisms that progress to the formation of the fibrotic capsule highlights the tightly intertwined nature of immunological responses to a seemingly noncanonical “antigen.” In this review, we detail the pathways associated with the foreign body response and describe possible mechanisms of immune involvement that can be targeted. We also discuss methods of modulating the immune response by altering the physiochemical surface properties of the biomaterial prior to implantation. Developments in these areas are reliant on reproducible and effective animal models and may allow a “combined” immunomodulatory approach of adapting surface properties of biomaterials, as well as treating key immune pathways to ultimately reduce the negative consequences of biomaterial implantation.
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Wang RE, Liu T, Wang Y, Cao Y, Du J, Luo X, Deshmukh V, Kim CH, Lawson BR, Tremblay MS, Young TS, Kazane SA, Wang F, Schultz PG. An immunosuppressive antibody-drug conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3229-32. [PMID: 25699419 PMCID: PMC4472444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that can selectively deliver the Lck inhibitor dasatinib to human T lymphocytes. This ADC is based on a humanized antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to CXCR4, an antigen that is selectively expressed on hematopoietic cells. The resulting dasatinib-antibody conjugate suppresses T-cell-receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation and cytokine expression with low nM EC50 and has minimal effects on cell viability. This ADC may lead to a new class of selective immunosuppressive drugs with improved safety and extend the ADC strategy to the targeted delivery of kinase inhibitors for indications beyond oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng E. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jintang Du
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vishal Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Brian R. Lawson
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Matthew S. Tremblay
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Travis S. Young
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Insight into the therapeutic aspects of ‘Zeta-Chain Associated Protein Kinase 70kDa’ inhibitors: A review. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2481-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Singh M, Kaur M, Silakari O. Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:206-39. [PMID: 25019478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavones have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Also, flavonoids are found to have an effect on several mammalian enzymes like protein kinases that regulate multiple cell signaling pathways and alterations in multiple cellular signaling pathways are frequently found in many diseases. Flavones have been an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents. The majority of metabolic diseases are speculated to originate from oxidative stress, and it is therefore significant that recent studies have shown the positive effect of flavones on diseases related to oxidative stress. Due to the wide range of biological activities of flavones, their structure-activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists. The outstanding development of flavones derivatives in diverse diseases in very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. The present review gives detail about the structural requirement of flavone derivatives for various pharmacological activities. This information may provide an opportunity to scientists of medicinal chemistry discipline to design selective, optimize as well as poly-functional flavone derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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21
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Patterson H, Nibbs R, McInnes I, Siebert S. Protein kinase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:1-10. [PMID: 24313320 PMCID: PMC3958149 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases mediate protein phosphorylation, which is a fundamental component of cell signalling, with crucial roles in most signal transduction cascades: from controlling cell growth and proliferation to the initiation and regulation of immunological responses. Aberrant kinase activity is implicated in an increasing number of diseases, with more than 400 human diseases now linked either directly or indirectly to protein kinases. Protein kinases are therefore regarded as highly important drug targets, and are the subject of intensive research activity. The success of small molecule kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, coupled with a greater understanding of inflammatory signalling cascades, has led to kinase inhibitors taking centre stage in the pursuit for new anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Herein we discuss the main classes of kinase inhibitors; namely Janus kinase (JAK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors. We provide a mechanistic insight into how these inhibitors interfere with kinase signalling pathways and discuss the clinical successes and failures in the implementation of kinase-directed therapeutics in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Patterson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - R Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - I McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - S Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
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22
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POM analyses for antimicrobial evaluation of thienopyrimidinones derivatives: a rapid method for drug design. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Ortiz-Ibáñez K, Alsina M, Muñoz-Santos C. Tofacitinib y otros inhibidores de las cinasas en el tratamiento de la psoriasis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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24
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Li BK, Cong Y, Yang XG, Xue Y, Chen YZ. In silico prediction of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors using machine learning approaches and an optimized molecular descriptor subset generated by recursive feature elimination method. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Ortiz-Ibáñez K, Alsina MM, Muñoz-Santos C. Tofacitinib and other kinase inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:304-10. [PMID: 23583515 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a crucial role in the intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cell proliferation. Advances in our understanding of these metabolic pathways and of the role played by intracellular signaling in the pathogenesis of psoriasis have led to research in this area and the development of a new class of drugs for the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory processes. Since kinase inhibitors are small molecules, oral and topical treatments are possible. The future role of these molecules in the therapeutic arsenal used to treat psoriasis is as yet unknown because in most cases they are still in the early stages of research. The fact that these drugs may cost much less than biologic therapies could favor their approval in coming years. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is the drug that has reached the most advanced stage of research and has shown the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ortiz-Ibáñez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Bansal Y, Silakari O. The therapeutic journey of benzimidazoles: a review. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6208-36. [PMID: 23031649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Presence of benzimidazole nucleus in numerous categories of therapeutic agents such as antimicrobials, antivirals, antiparasites, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, immunomodulators, hormone modulators, CNS stimulants as well as depressants, lipid level modulators, antidiabetics, etc. has made it an indispensable anchor for development of new therapeutic agents. Varied substitutents around the benzimidazole nucleus have provided a wide spectrum of biological activities. Importance of this nucleus in some activities like, Angiotensin I (AT(1)) receptor antagonism and proton-pump inhibition is reviewed separately in literature. Even some very short reviews on biological importance of this nucleus are also known in literature. However, owing to fast development of new drugs possessing benzimidazole nucleus many research reports are generated in short span of time. So, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier information to understand the current status of benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. In the present review, various derivatives of benzimidazole with different pharmacological activities are described on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole derived compounds for each activity. This discussion will further help in the development of novel benzimidazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
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28
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Yin CH, Bach EA, Baeg GH. Development of a high-throughput cell-based reporter assay for screening of JAK3 inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:443-9. [PMID: 21393628 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111400190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK3 is an ideal target for the treatment of immune-related diseases and the prevention of organ allograft rejection. Several JAK3 inhibitors have been identified by biochemical enzymatic assays, but the majority display significant off-target effects on JAK2. Therefore, there is a need to develop new experimental approaches to identify compounds that specifically inhibit JAK3. Here, we show that in 32D/IL-2Rβ cells, STAT5 becomes phosphorylated by an IL-3/JAK2- or IL-2/JAK3-dependent pathway. Importantly, the selective JAK3 inhibitor CP-690,550 blocked the phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of STAT5 following treatment of cells with IL-2 but not with IL-3. In an attempt to use the cells for large-scale chemical screens to identify JAK3 inhibitors, we established a cell line, 32D/IL-2Rβ/6xSTAT5, stably expressing a STAT5 reporter gene. Treatment of this cell line with IL-2 or IL-3 dramatically increased the reporter activity in a high-throughput format. As expected, CP-690,550 selectively inhibited the activity of the 6xSTAT5 reporter following treatment with IL-2. By contrast, the pan-JAK inhibitor curcumin inhibited the activity of this reporter following treatment with either IL-2 or IL-3. Thus, this study indicates that the STAT5 reporter cell line can be used as an efficacious cellular model for chemical screens to identify selective JAK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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29
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Sala E, Guasch L, Iwaszkiewicz J, Mulero M, Salvadó MJ, Pinent M, Zoete V, Grosdidier A, Garcia-Vallvé S, Michielin O, Pujadas G. Identification of human IKK-2 inhibitors of natural origin (part I): modeling of the IKK-2 kinase domain, virtual screening and activity assays. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16903. [PMID: 21390216 PMCID: PMC3044726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Their large scaffold diversity and properties, such as structural complexity and drug similarity, form the basis of claims that natural products are ideal starting points for drug design and development. Consequently, there has been great interest in determining whether such molecules show biological activity toward protein targets of pharmacological relevance. One target of particular interest is hIKK-2, a serine-threonine protein kinase belonging to the IKK complex that is the primary component responsible for activating NF-κB in response to various inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, this has led to the development of synthetic ATP-competitive inhibitors for hIKK-2. Therefore, the main goals of this study were (a) to use virtual screening to identify potential hIKK-2 inhibitors of natural origin that compete with ATP and (b) to evaluate the reliability of our virtual-screening protocol by experimentally testing the in vitro activity of selected natural-product hits. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We thus predicted that 1,061 out of the 89,425 natural products present in the studied database would inhibit hIKK-2 with good ADMET properties. Notably, when these 1,061 molecules were merged with the 98 synthetic hIKK-2 inhibitors used in this study and the resulting set was classified into ten clusters according to chemical similarity, there were three clusters that contained only natural products. Five molecules from these three clusters (for which no anti-inflammatory activity has been previously described) were then selected for in vitro activity testing, in which three out of the five molecules were shown to inhibit hIKK-2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that our virtual-screening protocol was successful in identifying lead compounds for developing new inhibitors for hIKK-2, a target of great interest in medicinal chemistry. Additionally, all the tools developed during the current study (i.e., the homology model for the hIKK-2 kinase domain and the pharmacophore) will be made available to interested readers upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sala
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Guasch
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria-Josepa Salvadó
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Grosdidier
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Voelkl S, Gary R, Mackensen A. Characterization of the immunoregulatory function of human TCR-αβ+ CD4- CD8- double-negative T cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:739-48. [PMID: 21287552 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens and are involved in modulating immune responses in autoimmunity, transplant rejection, and tumor immunity. Recently, a novel subset of TCR-αβ(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) (double negative, DN) T cells has been described to specifically suppress T-cell responses in mice. Here, we demonstrate that human DN T cells are highly potent suppressors of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses. In contrast to naturally occurring CD4(+) CD25(+) Tregs, DN T cells have to be activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce their regulatory potential. The suppressive activity of DN T cells is neither mediated indirectly by modulation of APCs nor by competition for T-cell growth factors. Furthermore, DN T-cell-mediated suppression toward responder T cells is TCR dependent and requires novel protein synthesis. In contrast to murine DN T cells, which eliminate effector T cells via Fas/FasL or perforin/granzyme, human DN T cells suppress proliferation of responder T cells by cell contact-dependent mechanisms. Taken together, our data indicate that human DN T cells exert strong immunosuppressive effects on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and may serve as a new therapeutic approach to treat autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Martin MW, Machacek MR. Update on lymphocyte specific kinase inhibitors: a patent survey. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1573-93. [PMID: 20831362 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.517749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Lck (p56(lck) or lymphocyte specific kinase) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers the patents, patent applications and associated publications for small molecule kinase inhibitors of Lck since 2005 and attempts to place them in context from a structural point of view. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will gain an overview of the structural classes and binding modes of Lck inhibitors, the major players in this area and an insight into the current state of the field. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The search for a potent and orally active inhibitor of Lck has been an intense area of research for a number of years. Despite tremendous efforts, the identification of a highly selective and potent Lck inhibitor suitable for use as an immunosuppressive agent remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Martin
- Amgen, Inc., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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32
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Laws PM, Young HS. Update of the management of chronic psoriasis: new approaches and emerging treatment options. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2010; 3:25-37. [PMID: 21437057 PMCID: PMC3047953 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease which is associated with a number of significant co-morbidities including: impairment of quality of life; cardiovascular disease; and a seronegative arthritis known as psoriatic arthritis. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis has developed at a remarkable rate in recent years. These new insights have significantly changed our perception of the condition and have led to the development of several new treatment strategies. Biological agents have proved a major step forward in therapeutic options for psoriasis. The ability to clear, or almost clear, cutaneous disease has changed the outcomes and expectations of many patients with this disease. The impact on both physical and psychological health may be great. This review covers the clinical features and management of psoriasis with specific reference to new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Laws
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Bioscience and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Department of Dermatology, Salford Royal Hospital (Hope), Manchester, UK
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33
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Ghosh D, Tsokos GC. Spleen tyrosine kinase: an Src family of non-receptor kinase has multiple functions and represents a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:48-55. [PMID: 20001666 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903374717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is involved in the development and function of B and T cells, the Fc receptor-mediated degranulation of basophils and mast cells. Recent work has assigned important roles for Syk in the aberrant function of T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoclasts, and urate crystal-induced neutrophil stimulation. Preclinical and early clinical studies have urged Syk inhibition for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas ex vivo experiments and preclinical studies point to a therapeutic potential of Syk inhibition in patients with SLE and crystal-induced arthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Ghosh
- Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bantscheff M, Scholten A, Heck AJR. Revealing promiscuous drug-target interactions by chemical proteomics. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:1021-9. [PMID: 19596079 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The (poly-)pharmacological activities of a drug can only be understood if its interactions with cellular components are comprehensively characterized. Mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics approaches have recently emerged as powerful tools for the characterization of drug-target interactions in samples from cell lines and tissues. At the same time, off-target activities can be identified. This information can contribute toward optimization of candidate drug molecules and reduction of side effects. In this review, we describe recent advances in chemical proteomics and outline potential applications in drug discovery.
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