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Duangrat R, Parichatikanond W, Chanmahasathien W, Mangmool S. Adenosine A 3 Receptor: From Molecular Signaling to Therapeutic Strategies for Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5763. [PMID: 38891948 PMCID: PMC11171512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly heart failure, are major contributors to early mortality globally. Heart failure poses a significant public health problem, with persistently poor long-term outcomes and an overall unsatisfactory prognosis for patients. Conventionally, treatments for heart failure have focused on lowering blood pressure; however, the development of more potent therapies targeting hemodynamic parameters presents challenges, including tolerability and safety risks, which could potentially restrict their clinical effectiveness. Adenosine has emerged as a key mediator in CVDs, acting as a retaliatory metabolite produced during cellular stress via ATP metabolism, and works as a signaling molecule regulating various physiological processes. Adenosine functions by interacting with different adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes expressed in cardiac cells, including A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. In addition to A1AR, A3AR has a multifaceted role in the cardiovascular system, since its activation contributes to reducing the damage to the heart in various pathological states, particularly ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension, although its role is not as well documented compared to other AR subtypes. Research on A3AR signaling has focused on identifying the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in CVDs through various pathways, including Gi or Gq protein-dependent signaling, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, MAPKs, and G protein-independent signaling. Several A3AR-specific agonists, such as piclidenoson and namodenoson, exert cardioprotective impacts during ischemia in the diverse animal models of heart disease. Thus, modulating A3ARs serves as a potential therapeutic approach, fueling considerable interest in developing compounds that target A3ARs as potential treatments for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanee Duangrat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Wisinee Chanmahasathien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Perfilova VN, Muzyko EA, Taran AS, Shevchenko AA, Naumenko LV. Problems and prospects for finding new pharmacological agents among adenosine receptor agonists, antagonists, or their allosteric modulators for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:353-370. [PMID: 38153051 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236906353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A1-adenosine receptors (A1AR) are widely distributed in the human body and mediate many different effects. They are abundantly present in the cardiovascular system, where they control angiogenesis, vascular tone, heart rate, and conduction. This makes the cardiovascular system A1AR an attractive target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The review summarizes the literature data on the structure and functioning of A1AR, and analyzes their involvement in the formation of myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia-reperfusion damage, various types of heart rhythm disorders, chronic heart failure, and arterial hypertension. Special attention is paid to the role of some allosteric regulators of A1AR as potential agents for the CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E A Muzyko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - A S Taran
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - L V Naumenko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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Newman H, Varghese S. Extracellular adenosine signaling in bone health and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 70:102378. [PMID: 37044008 PMCID: PMC10247430 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a key molecular pathway in the maintenance of bone health and regeneration. P1 receptor signaling, which is activated by extracellular adenosine, has emerged as a key metabolic pathway that regulates bone tissue formation, function, and homeostasis. Extracellular adenosine is mainly produced by ectonucleotidases, and alterations in the function of these enzymes or compromised adenosine generation can result in bone disorders, such as osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. This mini review discusses the key role played by adenosine in bone health and how its alterations contribute to bone diseases, as well as potential therapeutic applications of exogenous adenosine to combat bone diseases like osteoporosis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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4
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Saecker L, Häberlein H, Franken S. Investigation of adenosine A1 receptor-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment using a split-luciferase assay. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172551. [PMID: 37324481 PMCID: PMC10268005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) plays a prominent role in neurological and cardiac diseases and inflammatory processes. Its endogenous ligand adenosine is known to be one of the key players in the sleep-wake cycle. Like other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), stimulation of A1AR leads to the recruitment of arrestins in addition to the activation of G proteins. So far, little is known about the role of these proteins in signal transduction and regulation of A1AR compared to the activation of G proteins. In this work, we characterized a live cell assay for A1AR-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment. We have applied this assay to a set of different compounds that interact with this receptor. Methods: Based on NanoBit® technology, a protein complementation assay was developed in which the A1AR is coupled to the large part of the nanoluciferase (LgBiT), whereas its small part (SmBiT) is fused to the N-terminus of β-arrestin 2. Stimulation of A1AR results in the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and subsequent complementation of a functional nanoluciferase. For comparison, corresponding data on the effect of receptor stimulation on intracellular cAMP levels were collected for some data sets using the GloSensor™ assay. Results: The assay gives highly reproducible results with a very good signal-to-noise ratio. Capadenoson, in contrast to adenosine, CPA, or NECA, shows only partial agonism in this assay with respect to the recruitment of β-arrestin 2, whereas it shows full agonism in the case of the inhibitory effect of A1AR on cAMP production. By using a GRK2 inhibitor, it becomes clear that the recruitment is at least partially dependent on the phosphorylation of the receptor by this kinase. Interestingly, this was also the first time that we demonstrate the A1AR-mediated recruitment of β-arrestin 2 by stimulation with a valerian extract. Conclusion: The presented assay is a useful tool for the quantitative study of A1AR-mediated β-arrestin 2 recruitment. It allows data collection for stimulatory, inhibitory, and modulatory substances and is also suitable for more complex substance mixtures such as valerian extract.
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Spinaci A, Buccioni M, Catarzi D, Cui C, Colotta V, Dal Ben D, Cescon E, Francucci B, Grieco I, Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Bassani D, Pavan M, Varano F, Federico S, Spalluto G, Moro S, Volpini R. "Dual Anta-Inhibitors" of the A 2A Adenosine Receptor and Casein Kinase CK1delta: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:167. [PMID: 37259317 PMCID: PMC9960553 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a screening of a chemical library of A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists, a series of di- and tri-substituted adenine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) and to bind adenosine receptors (ARs). Some derivatives, here called "dual anta-inhibitors", demonstrated good CK1δ inhibitory activity combined with a high binding affinity, especially for the A2AAR. The N6-methyl-(2-benzimidazolyl)-2-dimethyamino-9-cyclopentyladenine (17, IC50 = 0.59 μM and KiA2A = 0.076 μM) showed the best balance of A2AAR affinity and CK1δ inhibitory activity. Computational studies were performed to simulate, at the molecular level, the protein-ligand interactions involving the compounds of our series. Hence, the dual anta-inhibitor 17 could be considered the lead compound of new therapeutic agents endowed with synergistic effects for the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spinaci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Chang Cui
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Francucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Davide Bassani
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Granade ME, Hargett SR, Lank DS, Lemke MC, Luse MA, Isakson BE, Bochkis IM, Linden J, Harris TE. Feeding desensitizes A1 adenosine receptors in adipose through FOXO1-mediated transcriptional regulation. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101543. [PMID: 35811051 PMCID: PMC9304768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of energy balance that must rapidly shift its metabolism between fasting and feeding to maintain homeostasis. Adenosine has been characterized as an important regulator of adipocyte metabolism primarily through its actions on A1 adenosine receptors (A1R). We sought to understand the role A1R plays specifically in adipocytes during fasting and feeding to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS We used Adora1 floxed mice with an inducible, adiponectin-Cre to generate FAdora1-/- mice, where F designates a fat-specific deletion of A1R. We used these FAdora1-/- mice along with specific agonists and antagonists of A1R to investigate changes in adenosine signaling within adipocytes between the fasted and fed state. RESULTS We found that the adipose tissue response to adenosine is not static, but changes dynamically according to nutrient conditions through the insulin-Akt-FOXO1 axis. We show that under fasted conditions, FAdora1-/- mice had impairments in the suppression of lipolysis by insulin on normal chow and impaired glucose tolerance on high-fat diet. FAdora1-/- mice also exhibited a higher lipolytic response to isoproterenol than WT controls when fasted, however this difference was lost after a 4-hour refeeding period. We demonstrate that FOXO1 binds to the A1R promoter, and refeeding leads to a rapid downregulation of A1R transcript and desensitization of adipocytes to A1R agonism. Obesity also desensitizes adipocyte A1R, and this is accompanied by a disruption of cyclical changes in A1R transcription between fasting and refeeding. CONCLUSIONS We propose that FOXO1 drives high A1R expression under fasted conditions to limit excess lipolysis during stress and augment insulin action upon feeding. Subsequent downregulation of A1R under fed conditions leads to desensitization of these receptors in adipose tissue. This regulation of A1R may facilitate reentrance into the catabolic state upon fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Granade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel S Lank
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Lemke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Irina M Bochkis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Linden
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Yakovlev DS, Vassiliev PM, Agatsarskaya YV, Brigadirova AA, Sultanova KT, Skripka MO, Spasov AA, Savateev KV, Rusinov VL, Maltsev DV. Searching for novel antagonists of adenosine A1 receptors among azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine nitro derivatives. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.77854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ligands of adenosine A1Rs are potential candidates for the development of drugs for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, angina pectoris, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathic pain, and heart failure. At the same time, there is a deficiency of drugs that can regulate the functions of A1 receptors. A number of A1-antagonists are at the various stages of clinical trials; other drugs are not very selective or are characterized by an insufficient breadth of their therapeutic action. Therefore, the search for new medicinal compounds for the prevention and treatment of A1-depended diseases among nitro derivatives of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is of scientific interest.
Materials and methods: The search for active compounds was carried out by in silico and in vitro methods. At the first stage, a computer forecast of A1-antagonistic activity was carried out using the Microcosm BioS software. At the second stage, the prediction results were verified in vitro in a model of isolated mouse atria.
Results and discussion: Based on the results of the prediction by the method of maximum similarity to standards, the most active compounds III, VIII, and XVII were selected. After testing the prediction results by the isolated atria method, the compound VIII was characterized by A1-blocking effect in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol/L.
Conclusion: The most promising compound with A1-blocking effect in vitro was identified; it is a derivative of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine under the code of VIII. It is of interest for us for further in-depth study of its pharmacological properties.
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Synthesis of 2-chloropurine ribosides with chiral amino acid amides at C6 and their evaluation as A1 adenosine receptor agonists. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bolcato G, Pavan M, Bassani D, Sturlese M, Moro S. Ribose and Non-Ribose A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonists: Do They Share the Same Receptor Recognition Mechanism? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020515. [PMID: 35203724 PMCID: PMC8962312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors have been a promising class of targets for the development of new therapies for several diseases. In recent years, a renewed interest in this field has risen, thanks to the implementation of a novel class of agonists that lack the ribose moiety, once considered essential for the agonistic profile. Recently, an X-ray crystal structure of the A2A adenosine receptor has been solved, providing insights about the receptor activation from this novel class of agonists. Starting from this structural information, we have performed supervised molecular dynamics (SuMD) simulations to investigate the binding pathway of a non-nucleoside adenosine receptor agonist as well as one of three classic agonists. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible role of water molecules in receptor activation.
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Lowering the Intraocular Pressure in Rats and Rabbits by Cordyceps cicadae Extract and Its Active Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030707. [PMID: 35163975 PMCID: PMC8837943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (CC), an entomogenous fungus that has been reported to have therapeutic glaucoma, is a major cause of blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, mostly due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Here, an ethanolic extract of C. cicadae mycelium (CCME), a traditional medicinal mushroom, was studied for its potential in lowering IOP in rat and rabbit models. Data showed that CCME could significantly (60.5%) reduce the IOP induced by microbead occlusion after 56 days of oral administration. The apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats decreased by 77.2%. CCME was also shown to lower the IOP of normal and dextrose-infusion-induced rabbits within 60 min after oral feeding. There were dose effects, and the effect was repeatable. The active ingredient, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), was also shown to alleviate 29.6% IOP at 0.2 mg/kg body weight in this rabbit model. CCME was confirmed with only minor inhibition in the phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (pMLC2) pathway.
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Campos-Martins A, Bragança B, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Pharmacological Tuning of Adenosine Signal Nuances Underlying Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724320. [PMID: 34489711 PMCID: PMC8417789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) roughly represents half of the cardiac failure events in developed countries. The proposed 'systemic microvascular paradigm' has been used to explain HFpHF presentation heterogeneity. The lack of effective treatments with few evidence-based therapeutic recommendations makes HFpEF one of the greatest unmet clinical necessities worldwide. The endogenous levels of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, increase significantly following cardiovascular events. Adenosine exerts cardioprotective, neuromodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects by activating plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors that are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. Its proven benefits have been demonstrated in preclinical animal tests. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review about the main therapeutic advantages of tuning adenosine signalling pathways in HFpEF, without discounting their side effects and how these can be seized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Campos-Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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12
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Metzner K, Gross T, Balzulat A, Wack G, Lu R, Schmidtko A. Lack of efficacy of a partial adenosine A1 receptor agonist in neuropathic pain models in mice. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:503-514. [PMID: 34313915 PMCID: PMC8410902 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) modulate the processing of pain. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of A1R in nociceptive tissues and to evaluate whether targeting A1R with the partial agonist capadenoson may reduce neuropathic pain in mice. The cellular distribution of A1R in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord was analyzed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. In behavioral experiments, neuropathic pain was induced by spared nerve injury or intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel, and tactile hypersensitivities were determined using a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to assess electrophysiological properties of dissociated DRG neurons. We found A1R to be expressed in populations of DRG neurons and dorsal horn neurons involved in the processing of pain. However, administration of capadenoson at established in vivo doses (0.03–1.0 mg/kg) did not alter mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury and paclitaxel models of neuropathic pain, whereas the standard analgesic pregabalin significantly inhibited the pain behavior. Moreover, capadenoson failed to affect potassium currents in DRG neurons, in contrast to a full A1R agonist. Despite expression of A1R in nociceptive neurons, our data do not support the hypothesis that pharmacological intervention with partial A1R agonists might be a valuable approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Metzner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tilman Gross
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annika Balzulat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gesine Wack
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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14
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Rueda P, Merlin J, Chimenti S, Feletou M, Paysant J, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM, Summers RJ, Charman WN, May LT, Langmead CJ. Pharmacological Insights Into Safety and Efficacy Determinants for the Development of Adenosine Receptor Biased Agonists in the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628060. [PMID: 33776771 PMCID: PMC7991592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) are a potential target for cardiac injury treatment due to their cardioprotective/antihypertrophic actions, but drug development has been hampered by on-target side effects such as bradycardia and altered renal hemodynamics. Biased agonism has emerged as an attractive mechanism for A1R-mediated cardioprotection that is haemodynamically safe. Here we investigate the pre-clinical pharmacology, efficacy and side-effect profile of the A1R agonist neladenoson, shown to be safe but ineffective in phase IIb trials for the treatment of heart failure. We compare this agent with the well-characterized, pan-adenosine receptor (AR) agonist NECA, capadenoson, and the A1R biased agonist VCP746, previously shown to be safe and cardioprotective in pre-clinical models of heart failure. We show that like VCP746, neladenoson is biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to NECA and the cAMP pathway at the A1R, a profile predictive of a lack of adenosine-like side effects. Additionally, neladenoson was also biased away from the MAPK pathway at the A1R. In contrast to VCP746, which displays more 'adenosine-like' signaling at the A2BR, neladenoson was a highly selective A1R agonist, with biased, weak agonism at the A2BR. Together these results show that unwanted hemodynamic effects of A1R agonists can be avoided by compounds biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to cAMP, relative to NECA. The failure of neladenoson to reach primary endpoints in clinical trials suggests that A1R-mediated cAMP inhibition may be a poor indicator of effectiveness in chronic heart failure. This study provides additional information that can aid future screening and/or design of improved AR agonists that are safe and efficacious in treating heart failure in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefano Chimenti
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Michel Feletou
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Jerome Paysant
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Procopio MC, Lauro R, Nasso C, Carerj S, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Di Bella G, Micari A, Irrera N, Costa F. Role of Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Different Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020204. [PMID: 33670488 PMCID: PMC7922652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a dramatic event often caused by atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. The low supply of oxygen and nutrients in the infarcted area may result in cardiomyocytes necrosis, replacement of intact myocardium with non-contractile fibrous tissue and left ventricular (LV) function impairment if blood flow is not quickly restored. In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI. In this context, several pathways are involved and, in particular, the adenosine receptors system shows different interactions between its members and purinergic receptors: their modulation might be effective not only for a normal functional recovery but also for the treatment of heart diseases, thus avoiding fibrosis, reducing infarcted area and limiting scaring. Similarly, it has been shown that Wnt/β catenin pathway is activated following myocardial injury and its unbalanced activation might promote cardiac fibrosis and, consequently, LV systolic function impairment. In this regard, the therapeutic benefits of Wnt inhibitors use were highlighted, thus demonstrating that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent adverse LV remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic “G. Martino”, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3093; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
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16
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Spinozzi E, Baldassarri C, Acquaticci L, Del Bello F, Grifantini M, Cappellacci L, Riccardo P. Adenosine receptors as promising targets for the management of ocular diseases. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:353-370. [PMID: 33519168 PMCID: PMC7829661 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular drug discovery arena has undergone a significant improvement in the last few years culminating in the FDA approvals of 8 new drugs. However, despite a large number of drugs, generics, and combination products available, it remains an urgent need to find breakthrough strategies and therapies for tackling ocular diseases. Targeting the adenosinergic system may represent an innovative strategy for discovering new ocular therapeutics. This review focused on the recent advance in the field and described the numerous nucleoside and non-nucleoside modulators of the four adenosine receptors (ARs) used as potential tools or clinical drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spinozzi
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Acquaticci
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Petrelli Riccardo
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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17
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D'Antongiovanni V, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. Managing Obesity and Related Comorbidities: A Potential Pharmacological Target in the Adenosine System? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:621955. [PMID: 33536924 PMCID: PMC7848115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Vincenzi F, Pasquini S, Battistello E, Merighi S, Gessi S, Borea PA, Varani K. A 1 Adenosine Receptor Partial Agonists and Allosteric Modulators: Advancing Toward the Clinic? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:625134. [PMID: 33362567 PMCID: PMC7756085 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.625134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Battistello
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Wu MM, Thayer SA. HIV Tat Protein Selectively Impairs CB 1 Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition at Excitatory But Not Inhibitory Synapses. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0119-20.2020. [PMID: 32471847 PMCID: PMC7307634 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0119-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing viral load, nearly half of the 37 million people infected with HIV experience cognitive and motor impairments, collectively classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In the CNS, HIV-infected microglia release neurotoxic agents that act indirectly to elicit excitotoxic synaptic injury. HIV trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein is one such neurotoxin that is thought to play a major role in the neuropathogenesis of HAND. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system provides on-demand neuroprotection against excitotoxicity, and exogenous cannabinoids attenuate neurotoxicity in animal models of HAND. Whether this neuroprotective system is altered in the presence of HIV is unknown. Here, we examined the effects of Tat on the eCB system in rat primary hippocampal cultures. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, we measured changes in retrograde eCB signaling following exposure to Tat. Treatment with Tat significantly reduced the magnitude of depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) in a graded manner over the course of 48 h. Interestingly, Tat did not alter this form of short-term synaptic plasticity at inhibitory terminals. The Tat-induced decrease in eCB signaling resulted from impaired CB1 receptor (CB1R)-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release. This novel loss-of-function was particularly dramatic for low-efficacy agonists such as the eCB 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Our observation that HIV Tat decreases CB1R function in vitro suggests that eCB-mediated neuroprotection may be reduced in vivo; this effect of Tat may contribute to synaptodendritic injury in HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah M Wu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stanley A Thayer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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20
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Borah P, Deka S, Mailavaram RP, Deb PK. P1 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists in Clinical Trials - Potential Drug Candidates of the Future. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2792-2807. [PMID: 31333097 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine mediates various physiological and pathological conditions by acting on its four P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors). Omnipresence of P1 receptors and their activation, exert a wide range of biological activities. Thus, its modulation is implicated in various disorders like Parkinson's disease, asthma, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Hence these receptors have become an interesting target for the researchers to develop potential therapeutic agents. Number of molecules were designed and developed in the past few years and evaluated for their efficacy in various disease conditions. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to provide an overview of new chemical entities which have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage following their current status and future prospective. METHODS In this review we discuss current status of the drug candidates which have undergone clinical trials and their prospects. RESULTS Many chemical entities targeting various subtypes of P1 receptors are patented; twenty of them have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage. Two of them viz adenosine and regadenoson are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. CONCLUSION This review is an attempt to highlight the current status, progress and probable future of P1 receptor ligands which are under clinical trials as promising novel therapeutic agents and the direction in which research should proceed with a view to come out with novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panikhaiti, Chandrapur Road, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panikhaiti, Chandrapur Road, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Raghu Prasad Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur (Affiliated to Andhra University), Bhimavaram, W.G. Dist., AP, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, PO Box-1, 19392, Jordan
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21
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Deb PK, Deka S, Borah P, Abed SN, Klotz KN. Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of A1 Adenosine Receptor: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2697-2715. [PMID: 31333094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, responsible for the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions by binding with four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, A1 AR is ubiquitously present, mediating a variety of physiological processes throughout the body, thus represents a promising drug target for the management of various pathological conditions. Agonists of A1 AR are found to be useful for the treatment of atrial arrhythmia, angina, type-2 diabetes, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, depression and Huntington's disease, whereas antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of diuresis, congestive heart failure, asthma, COPD, anxiety and dementia. However, treatment with full A1 AR agonists has been associated with numerous challenges like cardiovascular side effects, off-target activation as well as desensitization of A1 AR leading to tachyphylaxis. In this regard, partial agonists of A1 AR have been found to be beneficial in enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently reducing blood glucose level, while avoiding severe CVS side effects and tachyphylaxis. Allosteric enhancer of A1 AR is found to be potent for the treatment of neuropathic pain, culminating the side effects related to off-target tissue activation of A1 AR. This review provides an overview of the medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of various agonists/partial agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators of A1 AR, with a particular emphasis on their current status and future perspectives in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sara N Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Sabbah HN. Targeting the Mitochondria in Heart Failure: A Translational Perspective. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:88-106. [PMID: 32043022 PMCID: PMC7000886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burden of heart failure (HF) in terms of health care expenditures, hospitalizations, and mortality is substantial and growing. The failing heart has been described as "energy-deprived" and mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force associated with this energy supply-demand imbalance. Existing HF therapies provide symptomatic and longevity benefit by reducing cardiac workload through heart rate reduction and reduction of preload and afterload but do not address the underlying causes of abnormal myocardial energetic nor directly target mitochondrial abnormalities. Numerous studies in animal models of HF as well as myocardial tissue from explanted failed human hearts have shown that the failing heart manifests abnormalities of mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and function that lead to a marked increase in the formation of damaging reactive oxygen species and a marked reduction in on demand adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Correcting mitochondrial dysfunction therefore offers considerable potential as a new therapeutic approach to improve overall cardiac function, quality of life, and survival for patients with HF.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CI (to V), complex I (to V)
- Drp, dynamin-related protein
- ETC, electron transport chain
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- LV, left ventricular
- MPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- Mfn, mitofusin
- OPA, optic atrophy
- PGC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator
- PINK, phosphatase and tensin homolog–inducible kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAZ, tafazzin
- cardiolipin
- heart failure
- mitochondria
- mtDNA, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid
- myocardial energetics
- oxidative phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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23
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Cooper SL, March J, Sabbatini AR, Hill SJ, Jörg M, Scammells PJ, Woolard J. The effect of two selective A 1 -receptor agonists and the bitopic ligand VCP746 on heart rate and regional vascular conductance in conscious rats. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:346-359. [PMID: 31596949 PMCID: PMC6989947 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Adenosine is a local mediator that regulates physiological and pathological processes via activation of four GPCRs (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). We have investigated the effect of two A1‐receptor‐selective agonists and the novel A1‐receptor bitopic ligand VCP746 on the rat cardiovascular system. Experimental Approach The regional haemodynamic responses of these agonist was investigated in conscious rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (350–450 g) were chronically implanted with pulsed Doppler flow probes on the renal, mesenteric arteries and the descending abdominal aorta and the jugular vein and caudal artery catheterized. Cardiovascular responses were measured following intravenous infusion (3 min each dose) of CCPA (120, 400, and 1,200 ng·kg−1·min−1), capadenoson or adenosine (30, 100, and 300 μg·kg−1·min−1), or VCP746 (6, 20, and 60 μg·kg−1·min−1) following pre‐dosing with DPCPX (0.1 mg·kg−1, i.v.) or vehicle. Key Results CCPA produced a significant A1‐receptor‐mediated decrease in heart rate that was accompanied by vasoconstrictions in the renal and mesenteric vascular beds but an increase in hindquarters vascular conductance. The partial agonist capadenoson also produced an A1‐receptor‐mediated bradycardia. In contrast, VCP746 produced increases in heart rate and renal and mesenteric vascular conductance that were not mediated by A1‐receptors. In vitro studies confirmed that VCP746 had potent agonist activity at both A2A‐ and A2B‐receptors. Conclusions and Implications These results suggest VCP746 mediates its cardiovascular effects via activation of A2 rather than A1 adenosine receptors. This has implications for the design of future bitopic ligands that incorporate A1 allosteric ligand moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Cooper
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Julie March
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Andrea R Sabbatini
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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24
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Pal Y, Bandyopadhyay N, Pal RS, Ahmed S, Bandopadhyay S. Perspective and Potential of A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2859-2874. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190710111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which is an effective controller of inflammation. The inflammatory effect of adenosine is expressed via its four receptor subtypes viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are initiated by adenosine receptors of which A2A and A3 play a vital role. RA primarily is an auto-immune disorder which is manifested as chronic inflammation in the synovial lining of joints. In order to develop an effective treatment, the role of cytokines, IL–1, TNF-α and IL–6 is crucial. Besides, the knowledge of PI3K-PKB/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathway is also important to understand the antiinflammatory targets. Methotrexate along with various other molecules like, NSAIDs and DMARDs are presently used as treatment lines for controlling RA. The enhanced knowledge of the preclinical stages and pathogenesis along with recent potent therapeutics raises the hopes that RA can be prevented in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Nabamita Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi 110077, India
| | - Rashmi S. Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 244713, India
| | - Shantanu Bandopadhyay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naraina Vidya Peeth Group of Institutions, Panki, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208020, India
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Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Buccioni M, Martí Navia A, Marucci G, Spinaci A, Volpini R. Non-Nucleoside Agonists of the Adenosine Receptors: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E150. [PMID: 31597388 PMCID: PMC6958362 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent and selective adenosine receptor (AR) agonists are of pharmacological interest for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions. Among these derivatives, nucleoside-based agonists represent the great majority of molecules developed and reported to date. However, the limited availability of compounds selective for a specific AR subtype (i.e., A2BAR) and a generally long and complex synthetic route for largely substituted nucleosides are the main drawbacks of this category of molecules. Non-nucleoside agonists represent an alternative set of compounds able to stimulate the AR function and based on simplified structures. This review provides an updated overview on the structural classes of non-nucleoside AR agonists and their biological activities, with emphasis on the main derivatives reported in the literature. A focus is also given to the synthetic routes employed to develop these derivatives and on molecular modeling studies simulating their interaction with ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Aleix Martí Navia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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Soave M, Kellam B, Woolard J, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. NanoBiT Complementation to Monitor Agonist-Induced Adenosine A 1 Receptor Internalization. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:186-194. [PMID: 31583945 PMCID: PMC6974774 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219880475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor internalization in response to prolonged agonist treatment is an
important regulator of G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) function. The adenosine
A1 receptor (A1AR) is one of the adenosine receptor
family of GPCRs, and evidence for its agonist-induced internalization is
equivocal. The recently developed NanoBiT technology uses split NanoLuc
Luciferase to monitor changes in protein interactions. We have modified the
human A1AR on the N-terminus with the small high-affinity HiBiT tag.
In the presence of the large NanoLuc subunit (LgBiT), complementation occurs,
reconstituting a full-length functional NanoLuc Luciferase. Here, we have used
complemented luminescence to monitor the internalization of the A1AR
in living HEK293 cells. Agonist treatment resulted in a robust decrease in
cell-surface luminescence, indicating an increase in A1AR
internalization. These responses were inhibited by the A1AR-selective
antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), with an antagonist
affinity that closely matched that measured using ligand binding with a
fluorescent A1 receptor antagonist (CA200645). The agonist potencies
for inducing A1AR internalization were very similar to the affinities
previously determined by ligand binding, suggesting little or no amplification
of the internalization response. By complementing the HiBiT tag to exogenous
purified LgBiT, it was also possible to perform NanoBRET ligand-binding
experiments using HiBiT–A1AR. This study demonstrates the use of
NanoBiT technology to monitor internalization of the A1AR and offers
the potential to combine these experiments with NanoBRET ligand-binding
assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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Shah SJ, Voors AA, McMurray JJV, Kitzman DW, Viethen T, Bomfim Wirtz A, Huang E, Pap AF, Solomon SD. Effect of Neladenoson Bialanate on Exercise Capacity Among Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321:2101-2112. [PMID: 31162568 PMCID: PMC6549300 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) lacks effective treatments. Based on preclinical studies, neladenoson bialanate, a first-in-class partial adenosine A1 receptor agonist, has the potential to improve several heart failure-related cardiac and noncardiac abnormalities but has not been evaluated to treat HFpEF. OBJECTIVES To determine whether neladenoson improves exercise capacity, physical activity, cardiac biomarkers, and quality of life in patients with HFpEF and to find the optimal dose. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Phase 2b randomized clinical trial conducted at 76 centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Patients (N = 305) with New York Heart Association class II or III HFpEF with elevated natriuretic peptide levels were enrolled between May 10, 2017, and December 7, 2017 (date of final follow-up: June 20, 2018). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized (1:2:2:2:2:3) to neladenoson (n = 27 [5 mg], n = 50 [10 mg], n = 51 [20 mg], n = 50 [30 mg], and n = 51 [40 mg]) or matching placebo (n = 76) for 20 weeks of treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was change in 6-minute walk test distance from baseline to 20 weeks (minimal clinically important difference, 40 m). Key safety measures included bradyarrhythmias and adverse events. To evaluate the effects of varying doses of neladenoson, a multiple comparison procedure with 5 modeling techniques (linear, Emax, 2 variations of sigmoidal Emax, and quadratic) was used to evaluate diverse dose-response profiles. RESULTS Among 305 patients who were randomized (mean age, 74 years; 160 [53%] women; mean 6-minute walk test distance, 321.5 m), 261 (86%) completed the trial and were included in the primary analysis. After 20 weeks of treatment, the mean absolute changes from baseline in 6-minute walk test distance were 0.2 m (95% CI, -12.1 to 12.4 m) for the placebo group; 19.4 m (95% CI, -10.8 to 49.7 m) for the 5 mg of neladenoson group; 29.4 m (95% CI, 3.0 to 55.8 m) for 10 mg of neladenoson group; 13.8 m (95% CI, -2.3 to 29.8 m) for 20 mg of neladenoson group; 16.3 m (95% CI, -1.1 to 33.6 m) for 30 mg of neladenoson group; and 13.0 m (95% CI, -5.9 to 31.9 m) for 40 mg of neladenoson group. Because none of the neladenoson groups achieved the clinically relevant 40-m increase in 6-minute walk test distance from baseline, an optimal dose of neladenoson was not identified. There was no significant dose-response relationship for the change in 6-minute walk test distance among the 5 different dose-response models (P = .05 for Emax; P = .18 for quadratic; P = .21 for sigmoidal Emax 1; P = .39 for linear; and P = .52 for sigmoidal Emax 2). Serious adverse events were similar among the neladenoson groups (61/229 [26.6%]) and the placebo group (21/76 [27.6%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with HFpEF, there was no significant dose-response relationship detected for neladenoson with regard to the change in exercise capacity from baseline to 20 weeks. In light of these findings, novel approaches will be needed if further development of neladenoson for the treatment of patients with HFpEF is pursued. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03098979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv J. Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erya Huang
- Bayer United States, Whippany, New Jersey
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Seyedabadi M, Ghahremani MH, Albert PR. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:148-178. [PMID: 31075355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein family, comprising cognate G proteins that mediate canonical receptor signaling. However, several deviations from canonical signaling pathways for GPCRs have been described. It is now clear that GPCRs can engage with multiple G proteins and the line between cognate and non-cognate signaling is increasingly blurred. Furthermore, GPCRs couple to non-G protein transducers, including β-arrestins or other scaffold proteins, to initiate additional signaling cascades. Receptor/transducer selectivity is dictated by agonist-induced receptor conformations as well as by collateral factors. In particular, ligands stabilize distinct receptor conformations to preferentially activate certain pathways, designated 'biased signaling'. In this regard, receptor sequence alignment and mutagenesis have helped to identify key receptor domains for receptor/transducer specificity. Furthermore, molecular structures of GPCRs bound to different ligands or transducers have provided detailed insights into mechanisms of coupling selectivity. However, receptor dimerization, compartmentalization, and trafficking, receptor-transducer-effector stoichiometry, and ligand residence and exposure times can each affect GPCR coupling. Extrinsic factors including cell type or assay conditions can also influence receptor signaling. Understanding these factors may lead to the development of improved biased ligands with the potential to enhance therapeutic benefit, while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, evidence for ligand-specific GPCR signaling toward different transducers or pathways is elaborated. Furthermore, molecular determinants of biased signaling toward these pathways and relevant examples of the potential clinical benefits and pitfalls of biased ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Education Development Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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29
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30983976 PMCID: PMC6447611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body’s response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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Cooper SL, Soave M, Jörg M, Scammells PJ, Woolard J, Hill SJ. Probe dependence of allosteric enhancers on the binding affinity of adenosine A 1 -receptor agonists at rat and human A 1 -receptors measured using NanoBRET. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:864-878. [PMID: 30644086 PMCID: PMC6433648 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine is a local mediator that regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes via activation of adenosine A1 -receptors. The activity of adenosine can be regulated at the level of its target receptor via drugs that bind to an allosteric site on the A1 -receptor. Here, we have investigated the species and probe dependence of two allosteric modulators on the binding characteristics of fluorescent and nonfluorescent A1 -receptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A Nano-luciferase (Nluc) BRET (NanoBRET) methodology was used. This used N-terminal Nluc-tagged A1 -receptors expressed in HEK293T cells in conjunction with both fluorescent A1 -receptor agonists (adenosine and NECA analogues) and a fluorescent antagonist CA200645. KEY RESULTS PD 81,723 and VCP171 elicited positive allosteric effects on the binding affinity of orthosteric agonists at both the rat and human A1 -receptors that showed clear probe dependence. Thus, the allosteric effect on the highly selective partial agonist capadenoson was much less marked than for the full agonists NECA, adenosine, and CCPA in both species. VCP171 and, to a lesser extent, PD 81,723, also increased the specific binding of three fluorescent A1 -receptor agonists in a species-dependent manner that involved increases in Bmax and pKD . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate the power of the NanoBRET ligand-binding approach to study the effect of allosteric ligands on the binding of fluorescent agonists to the adenosine A1 -receptor in intact living cells. Furthermore, our studies suggest that VCP171 and PD 81,723 may switch a proportion of A1 -receptors to an active agonist conformation (R*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Cooper
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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Martire A, Lambertucci C, Pepponi R, Ferrante A, Benati N, Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Marucci G, Klotz KN, Volpini R, Popoli P. Neuroprotective potential of adenosine A 1 receptor partial agonists in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2019; 149:211-230. [PMID: 30614535 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Available therapies are based only on anticoagulants or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Extracellular adenosine increases during ischemia and acts as a neuroprotective endogenous agent mainly by activating adenosine A1 receptors (A1 Rs) which control calcium influx, glutamate release, membrane potential, and metabolism. Accordingly, in many experimental paradigms it has been already demonstrated that the stimulation of A1 R with full agonists is able to reduce ischemia-related structural and functional brain damage; unfortunately, cardiovascular side effects and desensitization of A1 R induced by these compounds have strongly limited their exploitation in stroke therapy so far. Among the newly emerging compounds, A1 R partial agonists could be almost free of side effects and equally effective. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of two A1 R partial agonists, namely 2'-dCCPA and 3'-dCCPA, in in vitro and ex vivo experimental models of cerebral ischemia. Within the experimental paradigm of oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells both A1 R partial agonists increased cell viability. Considering the high level of expression of A1 Rs in the hippocampus and the susceptibility of CA1 region to hypoxia, we performed electrophysiological experiments in this subfield. The application of 7 min of oxygen-glucose deprivation constantly produces an irreversible synaptic failure in all the C57Bl/6 mice hippocampal slices evaluated; both tested compounds allowed a significant recovery of synaptic transmission. These findings demonstrate that A1 R and its partial agonists are still of interest for cerebral ischemia therapy. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martire
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Ferrante
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas Benati
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Dyachenko IV, Dyachenko VD, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Nenaydenko VG. Synthesis of 2-Alkylsulfanyl-6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyanonicotinonitriles by Recyclization of 2,6-Diamino-4-aryl-3,5-dicyano-4Н-thiopyrans with Alkyl Halides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several novel therapeutics being tested in patients with heart failure are based on myocardial energetics. This review will provide a summary of the recent trials in this area, including therapeutic options targeting various aspects of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Agents that improve the energetic balance in myocardial cells have the potential to improve clinical heart failure status. The most promising therapies currently under investigation in this arena include (1) elamipretide, a cardiolipin stabilizer; (2) repletion of iron deficiency with intravenous ferrous carboxymaltose; (3) coenzyme Q10; and (4) the partial adenosine receptor antagonists capadenoson and neladenosone. Myocardial energetics-based therapeutics are groundbreaking in that they utilize novel mechanisms of action to improve heart failure symptoms, without causing the adverse neurohormonal side effects associated with current guideline-based therapies. The drugs appear likely to be added to the heart failure therapy armamentarium as adjuncts to current regimens in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal N Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30983976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body's response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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35
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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36
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Guo M, Gao ZG, Tyler R, Stodden T, Li Y, Ramsey J, Zhao WJ, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Fowler JS, Rice KC, Jacobson KA, Kim SW, Volkow ND. Preclinical Evaluation of the First Adenosine A 1 Receptor Partial Agonist Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9966-9975. [PMID: 30359014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is implicated in pain, sleep, substance use disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, and is an important target for pharmaceutical development. Radiotracers for A1R positron emission tomography (PET) would enable measurement of the dynamic interaction of endogenous adenosine and A1R during the sleep-awake cycle. Although several human A1R PET tracers have been developed, most are xanthine-based antagonists that failed to demonstrate competitive binding against endogenous adenosine. Herein, we explored non-nucleoside (3,5-dicyanopyridine and 5-cyanopyrimidine) templates for developing an agonist A1R PET radiotracer. We synthesized novel analogues, including 2-amino-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (MMPD, 22b), a partial A1R agonist of sub-nanomolar affinity. [11C]22b showed suitable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and test-retest reproducibility. Regional brain uptake of [11C]22b was consistent with known brain A1R distribution and was blocked significantly by A1R but not A2AR ligands. [11C]22b is the first BBB-permeable A1R partial agonist PET radiotracer with the promise of detecting endogenous adenosine fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Ryan Tyler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Tyler Stodden
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joseph Ramsey
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joanna S Fowler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section , National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
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Bessa-Gonçalves M, Bragança B, Martins-Dias E, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Is the adenosine A 2B 'biased' receptor a valuable target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension? Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1285-1292. [PMID: 29747005 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a maladaptive disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and death. Adenosine released by injured tissues, such as the lung and heart, influences tissue remodeling through the activation of adenosine receptors. Evidence regarding activation of the low-affinity A2BAR by adenosine points towards pivotal roles of this receptor in processes associated with both acute and chronic lung diseases. Conflicting results exist concerning the beneficial or detrimental roles of the A2B 'biased' receptor in right ventricular failure secondary to PAH. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of manipulating A2BARs as a putative therapeutic target in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Martins-Dias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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Gholinejad M, Jafari Anarkooli I, Taromchi A, Abdanipour A. Adenosine decreases oxidative stress and protects H 2O 2-treated neural stem cells against apoptosis through decreasing Mst1 expression. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:439-446. [PMID: 29732147 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of free radicals during oxidative stress induces damage to key biomolecules and activates programed cell death pathways. Neuronal cell death in the nervous system leads to a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of adenosine on inhibition of apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (B-dNSCs), with focus on its regulatory effect on the expression of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), as a novel proapoptotic kinase. B-dNSCs were exposed to adenosine at different doses (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 µM) for 48 h followed by 125 µM H2O2 for 30 min. Using MTT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, the effects of adenosine on cell survival, apoptosis and Mst1, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 and adenosine A1 receptor expression were evaluated in pretreated B-dNSCs compared with controls (cells treated with H2O2 only). Firstly, results of the MTT assay indicated 6 µM adenosine to be the most protective dose in terms of promotion of cell viability. Subsequent assays using this dosage indicated that apoptosis rate and Mst1 expression in B-dNSCs pretreated with 6 µM adenosine were significantly decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that adenosine protects B-dNSCs against oxidative stress-induced cell death, and therefore, that it may be used to promote the survival rate of B-dNSCs and as a candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gholinejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
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Dyachenko VD, Dyachenko IV, Nenajdenko VG. Cyanothioacetamide: a polyfunctional reagent with broad synthetic utility. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Varani K, Vincenzi F, Merighi S, Gessi S, Borea PA. Biochemical and Pharmacological Role of A1 Adenosine Receptors and Their Modulation as Novel Therapeutic Strategy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1051:193-232. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Capadenoson, a clinically trialed partial adenosine A 1 receptor agonist, can stimulate adenosine A 2B receptor biased agonism. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bailey IR, Laughlin B, Moore LA, Bogren LK, Barati Z, Drew KL. Optimization of Thermolytic Response to A 1 Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:424-430. [PMID: 28652388 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the United States, and, currently, therapeutic hypothermia, now called targeted temperature management (TTM), is the only recent treatment modality proven to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity for this condition. Shivering and subsequent metabolic stress, however, limit application and benefit of TTM. Stimulating central nervous system A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) inhibits shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in rats and induces a hibernation-like response in hibernating species. In this study, we investigated the pharmacodynamics of two A1AR agonists in development as antishivering agents. To optimize body temperature (Tb) control, we evaluated the influence of every-other-day feeding, dose, drug, and ambient temperature (Ta) on the Tb-lowering effects of N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and the partial A1AR agonist capadenoson in rats. The highest dose of CHA (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) caused all ad libitum-fed animals tested to reach our target Tb of 32°C, but responses varied and some rats overcooled to a Tb as low as 21°C at 17.0°C Ta Dietary restriction normalized the response to CHA. The partial agonist capadenoson (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a more consistent response, but the highest dose decreased Tb by only 1.6°C. To prevent overcooling after CHA, we studied continuous i.v. administration in combination with dynamic surface temperature control. Results show that after CHA administration control of surface temperature maintains desired target Tb better than dose or ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Bailey
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
| | - Bernard Laughlin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
| | - Lori K Bogren
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
| | - Zeinab Barati
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., L.A.M., L.K.B., Z.B., K.L.D.); and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska (I.R.B., B.L., K.L.D.)
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Methodical Challenges and a Possible Resolution in the Assessment of Receptor Reserve for Adenosine, an Agonist with Short Half-Life. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050839. [PMID: 28534854 PMCID: PMC6154002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The term receptor reserve, first introduced and used in the traditional receptor theory, is an integrative measure of response-inducing ability of the interaction between an agonist and a receptor system (consisting of a receptor and its downstream signaling). The underlying phenomenon, i.e., stimulation of a submaximal fraction of receptors can apparently elicit the maximal effect (in certain cases), provides an opportunity to assess the receptor reserve. However, determining receptor reserve is challenging for agonists with short half-lives, such as adenosine. Although adenosine metabolism can be inhibited several ways (in order to prevent the rapid elimination of adenosine administered to construct concentration–effect (E/c) curves for the determination), the consequent accumulation of endogenous adenosine biases the results. To address this problem, we previously proposed a method, by means of which this bias can be mathematically corrected (utilizing a traditional receptor theory-independent approach). In the present investigation, we have offered in silico validation of this method by simulating E/c curves with the use of the operational model of agonism and then by evaluating them using our method. We have found that our method is suitable to reliably assess the receptor reserve for adenosine in our recently published experimental setting, suggesting that it may be capable for a qualitative determination of receptor reserve for rapidly eliminating agonists in general. In addition, we have disclosed a possible interference between FSCPX (8-cyclopentyl-N3-[3-(4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyloxy)propyl]-N1-propylxanthine), an irreversible A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, and NBTI (S-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine), a nucleoside transport inhibitor, i.e., FSCPX may blunt the effect of NBTI.
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Meibom D, Albrecht-Küpper B, Diedrichs N, Hübsch W, Kast R, Krämer T, Krenz U, Lerchen HG, Mittendorf J, Nell PG, Süssmeier F, Vakalopoulos A, Zimmermann K. Neladenoson Bialanate Hydrochloride: A Prodrug of a Partial Adenosine A1Receptor Agonist for the Chronic Treatment of Heart Diseases. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:728-737. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meibom
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | | | - Nicole Diedrichs
- Project Management, Development; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Walter Hübsch
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Raimund Kast
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Thomas Krämer
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ursula Krenz
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | | | | | - Peter G. Nell
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Frank Süssmeier
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal; Bayer AG; 42113 Wuppertal Germany
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Schmidt J, Ferk P. Safety issues of compounds acting on adenosinergic signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:790-806. [PMID: 28397249 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Much research has been performed on the field of identifying the roles of adenosine and adenosinergic signalling, but a relatively low number of marketing authorizations have been granted for adenosine receptor (AdR) ligands. In part, this could be related to their safety issues; therefore, our aim was to examine the toxicological and adverse effects data of different compounds acting on adenosinergic signalling, including different AdR ligands and compounds resembling the structure of adenosine. We also wanted to present recent pharmaceutical developments of experimental compounds that showed promising results in clinical trial setting. KEY FINDINGS Safety issues of compounds modulating adenosinergic signalling were investigated, and different mechanisms were presented. Structurally different classes of compounds act on AdRs, the most important being adenosine, adenosine derivatives and other non-nucleoside compounds. Many of them are either not selective enough or are targeting other targets of adenosinergic signalling such as metabolizing enzymes that regulate adenosine levels. Many other targets are also involved that are not part of adenosinergic signalling system such as GABA receptors, different channels, enzymes and others. Some synthetic AdR ligands even showed to be genotoxic. SUMMARY Current review presents safety data of adenosine, adenosine derivatives and other non-nucleoside compounds that modulate adenosinergic signalling. We have presented different mechanisms that participate to an adverse effect or toxic outcome. A separate section also deals with possible organ-specific toxic effects on different in-vitro and in-vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Ferk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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da Silva JS, Gabriel-Costa D, Sudo RT, Wang H, Groban L, Ferraz EB, Nascimento JHM, Fraga CAM, Barreiro EJ, Zapata-Sudo G. Adenosine A 2A receptor agonist prevents cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive male rats after myocardial infarction. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:553-562. [PMID: 28293100 PMCID: PMC5345997 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background This work evaluated the hypothesis that 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl-2-thienylhydrazone (LASSBio-294), an agonist of adenosine A2A receptor, could be beneficial for preventing cardiac dysfunction due to hypertension associated with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into four groups (six animals per group): sham-operation (SHR-Sham), and myocardial infarction rats (SHR-MI) were treated orally either with vehicle or LASSBio-294 (10 and 20 mg.kg−1.d−1) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamic parameters measured left ventricle (LV) structure and function. Exercise tolerance was evaluated using a treadmill test. Cardiac remodeling was accessed by LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. Results Early mitral inflow velocity was significantly reduced in the SHR-MI group, and there was significant recovery in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Exercise intolerance observed in the SHR-MI group was prevented by 10 mg.kg−1.d−1 of LASS-Bio-294, and exercise tolerance exceeded that of the SHR-Sham group at 20 mg.kg−1.d−1. LV end-diastolic pressure increased after MI, and this was prevented by 10 and 20 mg.kg−1.d−1 of LASSBio-294. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase levels were restored in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Fibrosis and inflammatory processes were also counteracted by LASSBio-294, with reductions in LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. Conclusion In summary, oral administration of LASSBio-294 after MI in a dose-dependent manner prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction, demonstrating this compound’s potential as an alternative treatment for heart failure in the setting of ischemic heart disease with superimposed chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline S da Silva
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Gabriel-Costa
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto T Sudo
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emanuele B Ferraz
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Hamilton M Nascimento
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto M Fraga
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Voors AA, Düngen HD, Senni M, Nodari S, Agostoni P, Ponikowski P, Bax JJ, Butler J, Kim RJ, Dorhout B, Dinh W, Gheorghiade M. Safety and Tolerability of Neladenoson Bialanate, a Novel Oral Partial Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist, in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:440-451. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan Alexander Voors
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Dirk Düngen
- Department of Cardiology; Campus Virchow, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Michele Senni
- Cardiovascular Department; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health; University and Civil Hospital of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | | | | | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY, USA
| | - Raymond J. Kim
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center; Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC, USA
| | - Bernard Dorhout
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Wilfried Dinh
- Department of Cardiology, Witten, Germany; Drug Discovery, Clinical Sciences, Bayer Pharma AG; Witten University; Wuppertal Germany
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Despite the availability of drugs that reduce mortality and afford good symptom relief, HF continues to exact a considerable clinical and economic burden. Current HF therapies elicit benefit by reducing cardiac workload by lowering heart rate and loading conditions, thereby reducing myocardial energy demands. Areas covered: Recent recognition that the failing heart is 'energy deprived' and its primary energy source, the mitochondria, is dysfunctional, has focused attention on mitochondria as a worthy therapeutic target. In HF, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and excessive formation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), a combination the failing heart can ill afford. Expert commentary: Correcting mitochondrial dysfunction can help forge a new therapeutic approach based on readily available energy that can meet increasing cardiac demands. This paradigm shift, once implemented successfully, is likely to elicit better overall cardiac function, better quality of life, and improved survival for patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research , Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA
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Rodríguez D, Chakraborty S, Warnick E, Crane S, Gao ZG, O’Connor R, Jacobson KA, Carlsson J. Structure-Based Screening of Uncharted Chemical Space for Atypical Adenosine Receptor Agonists. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2763-2772. [PMID: 27439119 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule screening libraries cover only a small fraction of the astronomical number of possible drug-like compounds, limiting the success of ligand discovery efforts. Computational screening of virtual libraries representing unexplored chemical space could potentially bridge this gap. Drug development for adenosine receptors (ARs) as targets for inflammation and cardiovascular diseases has been hampered by the paucity of agonist scaffolds. To identify novel AR agonists, a virtual library of synthetically tractable nucleosides with alternative bases was generated and structure-based virtual screening guided selection of compounds for synthesis. Pharmacological assays were carried out at three AR subtypes for 13 ribosides. Nine compounds displayed significant activity at the ARs, and several of these represented atypical agonist scaffolds. The discovered ligands also provided insights into receptor activation and revealed unknown interactions of endogenous and clinical compounds with the ARs. The results demonstrate that virtual compound databases provide access to bioactive matter from regions of chemical space that are sparsely populated in commercial libraries, an approach transferrable to numerous drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saibal Chakraborty
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Steven Crane
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert O’Connor
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Quantification of adenosine A 1 receptor biased agonism: Implications for drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 99:101-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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