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Behzadi P, Cuevas RA, Crane A, Wendling AA, Chu CC, Moorhead WJ, Wong R, Brown M, Tamakloe J, Suresh S, Salehi P, Jaffe IZ, Kuipers AL, Lukashova L, Verdelis K, St Hilaire C. Rapamycin increases murine lifespan but does not reduce mineral volume in the Matrix GLA Protein (MGP) knockout mouse model of medial arterial calcification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.01.606196. [PMID: 39149364 PMCID: PMC11326142 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.01.606196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the lower extremities. PAD has been traditionally associated with atherosclerosis. However, recent studies have found that medial arterial calcification (MAC) is the primary cause of chronic limb ischemia below the knee. MAC involves calcification of the elastin fibers surrounding smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries. Matrix GLA Protein (MGP) binds circulating calcium and inhibits vascular calcification. Mgp -/- mice develop severe MAC and die within 8 weeks of birth due to aortic rupture or heart failure. We previously discovered a rare genetic disease Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency in CD73 (ACDC) in which patients present with extensive MAC in their lower extremity arteries. Using a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell model we found that rapamycin inhibited calcification. Here we investigated whether rapamycin could reduce MAC in vivo using Mgp -/- mice as a model. Mgp +/+ and Mgp -/- mice received 5mg/kg rapamycin or vehicle. Calcification content was assessed via microCT, and vascular morphology and extracellular matrix content assessed histologically. Immunostaining and western blot analysis were used to examine SMC phenotypes and cellular functions. Rapamycin prolonged Mgp -/- mice lifespan, decreased mineral density in the arteries, and increased smooth muscle actin protein levels, however, calcification volume, vessel morphology, SMC proliferation, and autophagy flux were all unchanged. These findings suggest that rapamycin's effects in the Mgp -/- mouse are independent of the vascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Behzadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rolando A Cuevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Crane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Wendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire C Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William J Moorhead
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua Tamakloe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Swathi Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Payam Salehi
- CardioVascular Center, Vascular Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111-1800, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111-1800, USA
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lyudmila Lukashova
- Departments of Endodontics and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Verdelis
- Departments of Endodontics and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wagner CA. The basics of phosphate metabolism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:190-201. [PMID: 37660247 PMCID: PMC10828206 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is, in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), required for building cell membranes, DNA and RNA molecules, energy metabolism, signal transduction and pH buffering. In bone, Pi is essential for bone stability in the form of apatite. Intestinal absorption of dietary Pi depends on its bioavailability and has two distinct modes of active transcellular and passive paracellular absorption. Active transport is transporter mediated and partly regulated, while passive absorption depends mostly on bioavailability. Renal excretion controls systemic Pi levels, depends on transporters in the proximal tubule and is highly regulated. Deposition and release of Pi into and from soft tissues and bone has to be tightly controlled. The endocrine network coordinating intestinal absorption, renal excretion and bone turnover integrates dietary intake and metabolic requirements with renal excretion and is critical for bone stability and cardiovascular health during states of hypophosphataemia or hyperphosphataemia as evident from inborn or acquired diseases. This review provides an integrated overview of the biology of phosphate and Pi in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yao R, Yang F, Zhang Q, Yu T, Yu Y, Chang G, Wang X. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Patient with Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy Caused by Rare ABCC6 Mutation. J Pers Med 2023; 14:54. [PMID: 38248755 PMCID: PMC10817667 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease characterized by extensive arterial calcification in infancy, with clinical manifestations such as arterial stenoses and heart failure. The ENPP1 inactivation mutation has been identified as a potential defect in most of the cases of GACI, while mutations in ABCC6 are demonstrated in patients who are genotyped as pseudoxanthoma elasticum and only limited cases of GACI are reported. Whole-exome sequencing was applied for the detection of pathogenic variants. Copy-number variants of pathogenic genes were also evaluated through a bioinformatic process and were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR. In this report, we described the clinical information and treatment of a patient with extensive arterial calcification. We have identified the underlying cause as biallelic mutations in ABCC6 (NM_00117: exon30, c.4223_4227dupAGCTC p.(Leu1410Serfs*56)) and a unique exonic deletion that spans from the first to the fourth exons of ABCC6 (chr16:16313388-16330869)). This discovery was made by utilizing a combined genetic testing approach. With the review of previously reported GACI patients with ABCC6 mutation, our work contributed to enriching the mutation spectrum of GACI and providing further information on this rare form of inherited disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Antenatal Diagnostic Center, Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572022, China; (R.Y.)
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (F.Y.)
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Antenatal Diagnostic Center, Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572022, China; (R.Y.)
| | - Guoying Chang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (F.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (F.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Gu W, Wei Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Li S, Shi Y, Tang F, Awad AM, Zhang X, Tang F. Supplement of exogenous inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits atheromatous calcification in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19214. [PMID: 37654451 PMCID: PMC10465865 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is the endogenous inhibitor for vascular calcification (VC). The present study was to investigate the effects of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ADTP) and alendronate sodium (AL), two exogenous PPi sources, on the atheromatous calcification (AC) in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were randomly divided into five groups: ApoE KO group, ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group, ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group, ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group. The mice in ApoE KO + ADTP (Low) group and ApoE KO + ADTP (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with ADTP with dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The mice in ApoE KO + AL (Low) group and ApoE KO + AL (High) group were intraperitoneally injected with AL with dose of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg/day for 2 months respectively. The age matched C57 mice were used as control group. All ApoE KO and C57 mice were fed with normal chow throughout the experiment. The calcification was evaluated using von Kossa method. The contents of PPi, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured. The results showed that compared with C57 mice, ApoE KO mice developed severe AC accompanied with high levels of TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and with low levels of PPi and IL-10 in serum. Both ADTP and AL dose-dependently reduced the AC in ApoE KO mice compared with that of ApoE mice, without affecting the contents of lipid profiles. In addition, ADTP and AL increased the contents of PPi and IL-10 while decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in serum of ApoE KO mice, having no affection on ALP activity. The results suggested that ADTP and AL reduced AC in ApoE KO mice by increasing the PPi level and regulating the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Gu
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuangyi Li
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Youming Shi
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Fenxia Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ali Mohamed Awad
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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