1
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Romano A, Capozzi V, Khomenko I, Biasioli F. Advances in the Application of Direct Injection Mass Spectrometry Techniques to the Analysis of Grape, Wine and Other Alcoholic Beverages. Molecules 2023; 28:7642. [PMID: 38005363 PMCID: PMC10675140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) entails the direct introduction of a gaseous sample into a mass analyser without prior treatment or separation. DIMS techniques offer the opportunity to monitor processes in time, with limits of detection as low as 0.5 parts per trillion in volume (for a 1 s measurement time) while providing results with high informational content. This review provides insight into current and promising future developments of DIMS in the analysis of grape, wine and other alcoholic beverages. Thanks to its unique characteristics, DIMS allows the online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by grapes during fermentative bioprocesses or by wine directly from the glass headspace or during drinking. A DIMS-based approach can also be adopted to perform quality control and high-throughput analysis, allowing us to characterise the volatile profile of large sample sets rapidly and in a comprehensive fashion. Furthermore, DIMS presents several characteristic elements of green analytical chemistry approaches, catalysing an interest linked to the development of sustainable paths in research and development activities in the field of viticulture and oenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, c/o CS-DAT, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
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2
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Di Paola M, Gori A, Stefanini I, Meriggi N, Renzi S, Nenciarini S, Cerasuolo B, Moriondo M, Romoli R, Pieraccini G, Baracchi D, Turillazzi F, Turillazzi S, Cavalieri D. Using wasps as a tool to restore a functioning vine grape mycobiota and preserve the mycobial "terroir". Sci Rep 2023; 13:16544. [PMID: 37783736 PMCID: PMC10545793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last one-hundred years, the exponential expansion of wine making has artificialized the agricultural landscape as well as its microbial diversity, spreading human selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Evidence showed that social wasps can harbor a significant fraction of the yeast phenotypic diversity of a given area of wine production, allowing different strains to overwinter and mate in their gut. The integrity of the wasp-yeast ecological interaction is of paramount importance to maintain the resilience of microbial populations associated to wine aromatic profiles. In a field experiment, we verified whether Polistes dominula wasps, reared in laboratory and fed with a traceable S. cerevisiae strain, could be a useful tool to drive the controlled yeast dispersion directly on grapes. The demonstration of the biotechnological potential of social insects in organic wine farming lays the foundations for multiple applications including maintenance of microbial biodiversity and rewilding vineyards through the introduction of wasp associated microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Gori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Stefanini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Nenciarini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerasuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Moriondo
- National Research Council, Bioeconomy Institute, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Romoli
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - David Baracchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Turillazzi
- LABREMMA-Laboratory for Medical Entomotherapy, Microbiology and Environment, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Turillazzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- LABREMMA-Laboratory for Medical Entomotherapy, Microbiology and Environment, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
- LABREMMA-Laboratory for Medical Entomotherapy, Microbiology and Environment, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
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3
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Investigation of Geraniol Biotransformation by Commercial Saccharomyces Yeast Strains by Two Headspace Techniques: Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) and Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Hop-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their transformation products significantly impact beer flavour and aroma. Geraniol, a key monoterpene alcohol in hops, has been reported to undergo yeast-modulated biotransformation into various terpenoids during fermentation, which impacts the citrus and floral aromas of the finished beer. This study monitored the evolution of geraniol and its transformation products throughout fermentation to provide insight into differences as a function of yeast species and strain. The headspace concentration of VOCs produced during fermentation in model wort was measured using Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) and Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). In the absence of yeast, only geraniol was detected, and no terpenoid compounds were detected in geraniol-free ferments. During fermentation, the depletion of geraniol was closely followed by the detection of citronellol, citronellyl acetate and geranyl acetate. The concentration of the products and formation behaviour was yeast strain dependent. SPME-GC/MS provided confidence in compound identification. PTR-ToF-MS allowed online monitoring of these transformation products, showing when formation differed between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus yeasts. A better understanding of the ability of different yeast to biotransform hop terpenes will help brewers predict, control, and optimize the aroma of the finished beer.
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4
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Gualtieri L, Monti MM, Mele F, Russo A, Pedata PA, Ruocco M. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Profiles of Different Trichoderma Species and Their Potential Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8100989. [PMID: 36294554 PMCID: PMC9605199 DOI: 10.3390/jof8100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi emit a broad spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes producing species-specific volatile profiles. Volatilomes have received over the last decade increasing attention in ecological, environmental and agricultural studies due to their potential to be used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests and as plant growth-promoting factors. In the present study, we characterised and compared the volatilomes from four different Trichoderma species: T. asperellum B6; T. atroviride P1; T. afroharzianum T22; and T. longibrachiatum MK1. VOCs were collected from each strain grown both on PDA and in soil and analysed using proton transfer reaction quadrupole interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-Qi-TOF-MS). Analysis of the detected volatiles highlighted a clear separation of the volatilomes of all the four species grown on PDA whereas the volatilomes of the soil-grown fungi could be only partially separated. Moreover, a limited number of species-specific peaks were found and putatively identified. In particular, each of the four Trichoderma species over-emitted somevolatiles involved in resistance induction, promotion of plant seed germination and seedling development and antimicrobial activity, as 2-pentyl-furan, 6PP, acetophenone and p-cymene by T. asperellum B6, T. atroviride P1, T. afroharzianum T22 and T. longibrachiatum MK1, respectively. Their potential role in interspecific interactions from the perspective of biological control is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Gualtieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurilia Maria Monti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-327-824
| | - Francesca Mele
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Russo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfonso Pedata
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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5
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Mengers HG, Zimmermann M, Blank LM. Using off-gas for insights through online monitoring of ethanol and baker's yeast volatilome using SESI-Orbitrap MS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12462. [PMID: 35864195 PMCID: PMC9304407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds play an essential role in every domain of life, with diverse functions. In this study, we use novel secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (SESI-Orbitrap MS) to monitor the complete yeast volatilome every 2.3 s. Over 200 metabolites were identified during growth in shake flasks and bioreactor cultivations, all with their unique intensity profile. Special attention was paid to ethanol as biotech largest product and to acetaldehyde as an example of a low-abundance but highly-volatile metabolite. While HPLC and Orbitrap measurements show a high agreement for ethanol, acetaldehyde could be measured five hours earlier in the SESI-Orbitrap MS. Volatilome shifts are visible, e.g. after glucose depletion, fatty acids are converted to ethyl esters in a detoxification mechanism after stopped fatty acid biosynthesis. This work showcases the SESI-Orbitrap MS system for tracking microbial physiology without the need for sampling and for time-resolved discoveries during metabolic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik G Mengers
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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6
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The development of alginate-based amperometric nanoreactors for biochemical profiling of living yeast cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Asaduzzaman M, Haque MA, Banasaz S, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Transient changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during
dulce de leche
preparation by a direct injection mass spectrometer based on proton transfer reaction (PTR‐MS). Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Md Azizul Haque
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Shahin Banasaz
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano Piazza Università 1 Bolzano 39100 Italy
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8
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Zhuang S, Renault N, Archer I. A brief review on recent development of multidisciplinary engineering in fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2021; 339:32-41. [PMID: 34339775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation technology has unprecedented potential to upgrade state-of-art biotechnology and refine the processes used in existing ones, taking into account of complex technical, economic and environmental factors. Given the economic importance and ongoing challenges of biotech sector, multidisciplinary engineering technologies is poised to become an increasingly important tool along with the emergence of modern technology and innovation. This article reviews recent technology advancement in the field of fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interesting research progress has been made by leveraging multiple engineering fields such as electrical engineering, information engineering, electrochemical engineering and new material development, leading to recent development of novel real-time probes (electronic nose technology, analysis of yeast morphology and metabolites, timely control of glucose feed), improved understanding of electro-fermentation (enhanced electronic transfer provision), as well as application of cost-effective and sustainable materials (bioreactor vessel manufactured from textile, and yeast immobilisation support matrix made from abundant natural biomass). To the best of our knowledge, the subject is reviewed for the first time in recent years. Furthermore, this review also constitutes a futuristic S. cerevisiae fermentation process based on the recent advancement discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Zhuang
- Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Centre (IBioIC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil Renault
- Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Centre (IBioIC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Archer
- Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Centre (IBioIC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
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9
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Majchrzak T, Wojnowski W, Wasik A. Revealing dynamic changes of the volatile profile of food samples using PTR-MS. Food Chem 2021; 364:130404. [PMID: 34175628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds carry valuable information regarding the properties of foodstuffs. Volatiles emitted from food can be used as, for example, indicators of quality, shelf-life, or authenticity. A better understanding of the multitude of transformations which occur during food processing could facilitate the optimisation of production, increase the desirability of food products, and also their wholesomeness. However, as some of these transformations are fast-paced, it is necessary to monitor them using techniques which enable real-time determination of volatiles, such as proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Recent years have seen a marked increase in its use in food analysis, since it can be used to obtain insight into the dynamics of the monitored processes and can be the basis for precise quality control methods for food processing. This review highlights recent works in which PTR-MS was used in monitoring during foodstuffs production, preparation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Majchrzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Telagathoti A, Probst M, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Peintner U. High-Throughput Volatilome Fingerprint Using PTR-ToF-MS Shows Species-Specific Patterns in Mortierella and Closely Related Genera. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 33478017 PMCID: PMC7835917 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In ecology, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have a high bioactive and signaling potential. VOCs are not only metabolic products, but are also relevant in microbial cross talk and plant interaction. Here, we report the first large-scale VOC study of 13 different species of Mortierella sensu lato (s. l.) isolated from a range of different alpine environments. Proton Transfer Reaction-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was applied for a rapid, high-throughput and non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of 72 Mortierella s. l. isolates growing under standardized conditions. Overall, we detected 139 mass peaks in the headspaces of all 13 Mortierella s. l. species studied here. Thus, Mortierella s. l. species generally produce a high number of different VOCs. Mortierella species could clearly be discriminated based on their volatilomes, even if only high-concentration mass peaks were considered. The volatilomes were partially phylogenetically conserved. There were no VOCs produced by only one species, but the relative concentrations of VOCs differed between species. From a univariate perspective, we detected mass peaks with distinctively high concentrations in single species. Here, we provide initial evidence that VOCs may provide a competitive advantage and modulate Mortierella s. l. species distribution on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Telagathoti
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Maraike Probst
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (I.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (I.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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11
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Guo Y, Jud W, Ghirardo A, Antritter F, Benz JP, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Sniffing fungi - phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity in Trichoderma species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:244-259. [PMID: 32155672 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic study of the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOC-mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high-throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of four Trichoderma spp. over a 48 h growth period. The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction-time of flight-MS and GC-MS. The data-mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows the volatile metabolic fingerprints to be uncovered. Our data revealed dynamic, development-dependent and extremely species-specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genus Trichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release. This analytical system could be used for VOC-based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for any in vivo and in vitro real-time headspace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Antritter
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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PTR-ToF-MS for the Online Monitoring of Alcoholic Fermentation in Wine: Assessment of VOCs Variability Associated with Different Combinations of Saccharomyces/Non-Saccharomyces as a Case-Study. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of the alcoholic fermentation (AF) in wine is crucial to shaping product quality. Numerous variables (e.g., grape varieties, yeast species/strains, technological parameters) can affect the performances of this fermentative bioprocess. The fact that these variables are often interdependent, with a high degree of interaction, leads to a huge ‘oenological space’ associated with AF that scientists and professionals have explored to obtain the desired quality standards in wine and to promote innovation. This challenge explains the high interest in approaches tested to monitor this bioprocess including those using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as target molecules. Among direct injection mass spectrometry approaches, no study has proposed an untargeted online investigation of the diversity of volatiles associated with the wine headspace. This communication proposed the first application of proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer (PTR-ToF-MS) to follow the progress of AF and evaluate the impact of the different variables of wine quality. As a case study, the assessment of VOC variability associated with different combinations of Saccharomyces/non-Saccharomyces was selected. The different combinations of microbial resources in wine are among the main factors susceptible to influencing the content of VOCs associated with the wine headspaces. In particular, this investigation explored the effect of multiple combinations of two Saccharomyces strains and two non-Saccharomyces strains (belonging to the species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii) on the content of VOCs in wine, inoculated both in commercial grape juice and fresh grape must. The results demonstrated the possible exploitation of non-invasive PTR-ToF-MS monitoring to explore, using VOCs as biomarkers, (i) the huge number of variables influencing AF in wine, and (ii) applications of single/mixed starter cultures in wine. Reported preliminary findings underlined the presence of different behaviors on grape juice and on must, respectively, and confirmed differences among the single yeast strains ‘volatomes’. It was one of the first studies to include the simultaneous inoculation on two non-Saccharomyces species together with a S. cerevisiae strain in terms of VOC contribution. Among the other outcomes, evidence suggests that the addition of M. pulcherrima to the coupled S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii can modify the global release of volatiles as a function of the characteristics of the fermented matrix.
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13
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Li M, Cappellin L, Xu J, Biasioli F, Varotto C. High-throughput screening for in planta characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes by PTR-ToF-MS. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:123-131. [PMID: 31701286 PMCID: PMC6946754 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of plant volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthetic genes and elucidation of the biological function of their products often involve the screening of large numbers of plants from either independent transformation events or mapping populations. The low time resolution of standard gas chromatographic methods, however, represents a major bottleneck for in planta genetic characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes. Here we present a fast and highly-sensitive method for the high-throughput characterization of VOC emission levels/patterns by coupling a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer to an autosampler for automation of sample measurement. With this system more than 700 samples per day can be screened, detecting for each sample hundreds of spectrometric peaks in the m/z 15-300 range. As a case study, we report the characterization of VOC emissions from 116 independent Arabidopsis thaliana lines transformed with a putative isoprene synthase gene, confirming its function also when fused to a C-terminal 3×FLAG tag. We demonstrate that the method is more reliable than conventional characterization of transgene expression for the identification of the most highly isoprene-emitting lines. The throughput of this VOC screening method exceeds that of existing alternatives, potentially allowing its application to reverse and forward genetic screenings of genes contributing to VOC emission, constituting a powerful tool for the functional characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes and elucidation of the biological functions of their products directly in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, TN, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, TN, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, TN, Italy.
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14
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Richards LC, Davey NG, Gill CG, Krogh ET. Discrimination and geo-spatial mapping of atmospheric VOC sources using full scan direct mass spectral data collected from a moving vehicle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:173-186. [PMID: 31808488 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00439d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (S/VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, come from a wide variety of anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and are important determinants of environmental and human health due to their impacts on air quality. They can be continuously measured by direct mass spectrometry techniques without chromatographic separation by membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) and proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). We report the operation of these instruments in a moving vehicle, producing full scan mass spectral data to fingerprint ambient S/VOC mixtures with high temporal and spatial resolution. We describe two field campaigns in which chemometric techniques are applied to the full scan MIMS and PTR-ToF-MS data collected with a mobile mass spectrometry lab. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been successfully employed in a supervised analysis to discriminate VOC samples collected near known VOC sources including internal combustion engines, sawmill operations, composting facilities, and pulp mills. A Gaussian mixture model and a density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm have been used to identify sample clusters within the full time series dataset collected and we present geospatial maps to visualize the distribution of VOC sources measured by PTR-ToF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Richards
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N G Davey
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - C G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E T Krogh
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Peintner U, Kuhnert-Finkernagel R, Wille V, Biasioli F, Shiryaev A, Perini C. How to resolve cryptic species of polypores: an example in Fomes. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 32647621 PMCID: PMC7325651 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Species that cannot be easily distinguished based on morphology, but which form distinct phylogenetic lineages based on molecular markers, are often referred to as cryptic species. They have been proposed in a number of fungal genera, including the basidiomycete genus Fomes. The main aim of this work was to test new methods for species delimitation in cryptic lineages of polypores, and to define useful characters for species identification. A detailed examination of a number of different Fomes strains that had been collected and isolated from different habitats in Italy and Austria confirmed the presence of distinct lineages in the Fomes fomentarius clade. Our zero hypothesis was that the Mediterranean strains growing on Quercus represent a species which can be delimited based on morphological and physiological characters when they are evaluated in statistically relevant numbers. This hypothesis was tested based on phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS region, morphological characters of basidiomes and pure cultures, growth rates and optimum growth temperature experiments, mycelial confrontation tests, enzyme activity tests and volatile organic compound (VOC) production. The Mediterranean lineage can unambiguously be delimited from F. fomentarius. A syntype of an obscure and previously synonymized name, Polyporus inzengae, represents the Mediterranean lineage that we recognize as Fomes inzengae, a distinct species. The rDNA ITS region is useful for delimitation of Fomes species. Moreover, also a variety of morphological characters including hymenophore pore size, basidiospore size, and diameter of skeletal hyphae are useful delimiting characters. The ecology is also very important, because the plant host appears to be a central factor driving speciation. Physiological characters turned also out to be species-specific, e.g. daily mycelial growth rates or the temperature range of pure cultures. The production of VOCs can be considered as a very promising tool for fast and reliable species delimitation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Peintner
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Viana Wille
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
| | - Anton Shiryaev
- Vegetation & Mycobiota Diversity Department, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS), 8 March str., 202/3, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Claudia Perini
- Department of Life Sciences, University Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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16
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Weckx S, Van Kerrebroeck S, De Vuyst L. Omics approaches to understand sourdough fermentation processes. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 302:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Hollywood KA, Schmidt K, Takano E, Breitling R. Metabolomics tools for the synthetic biology of natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 54:114-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Chang CH, Urban PL. Automated Dual-Chamber Sampling System to Follow Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Biological Specimens. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13848-13854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L. Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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