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Chen B, Ojha DP, Toyonaga T, Tong J, Pracitto R, Thomas MA, Liu M, Kapinos M, Zhang L, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Fowles K, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, De Feyter H, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. Preclinical evaluation of a brain penetrant PARP PET imaging probe in rat glioblastoma and nonhuman primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2081-2099. [PMID: 36849748 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there are multiple active clinical trials involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma. The noninvasive quantification of baseline PARP expression using positron emission tomography (PET) may provide prognostic information and lead to more precise treatment. Due to the lack of brain-penetrant PARP imaging agents, the reliable and accurate in vivo quantification of PARP in the brain remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of a brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer, (R)-2-(2-methyl-1-(methyl-11C)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide ([11C]PyBic), and its preclinical evaluations in a syngeneic RG2 rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. METHODS We synthesized [11C]PyBic using veliparib as the labeling precursor, performed dynamic PET scans on RG2 tumor-bearing rats and calculated the distribution volume ratio (DVR) using simplified reference region method 2 (SRTM2) with the contralateral nontumor brain region as the reference region. We performed biodistribution studies, western blot, and immunostaining studies to validate the in vivo PET quantification results. We characterized the brain kinetics and binding specificity of [11C]PyBic in nonhuman primates on FOCUS220 scanner and calculated the volume of distribution (VT), nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND), and nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in selected brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PyBic was synthesized efficiently in one step, with greater than 97% radiochemical and chemical purity and molar activity of 148 ± 85 MBq/nmol (n = 6). [11C]PyBic demonstrated PARP-specific binding in RG2 tumors, with 74% of tracer binding in tumors blocked by preinjected veliparib (i.v., 5 mg/kg). The in vivo PET imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, PARP1 immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting data. Furthermore, brain penetration of [11C]PyBic was confirmed by quantitative monkey brain PET, which showed high specific uptake (BPND > 3) and low nonspecific uptake (VND < 3 mL/cm3) in the monkey brain. CONCLUSION [11C]PyBic is the first brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer validated in a rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. The brain kinetics of [11C]PyBic are suitable for noninvasive quantification of available PARP binding in the brain, which posits [11C]PyBic to have broad applications in oncology and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Devi Prasan Ojha
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Monique A Thomas
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Henk De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Chordoma are rare tumours of the axial skeleton which occur most often at the base of the skull and in the sacrum. Although chordoma are generally slow-growing lesions, the recurrence rate is high and the location makes it often difficult to treat. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial in the initial diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment follow-up. Recent Findings Basic MRI and CT characteristics of chordoma were described in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, imaging techniques have evolved with increased resolution and new molecular imaging tools are rapidly evolving. New imaging tools have been developed not only to study anatomy, but also physiologic changes and characterization of tissue and assessment of tumour biology. Recent studies show the uptake of multiple PET tracers in chordoma, which may become an important aspect in the diagnosis, follow-up and personalized therapy. Summary This review gives an overview of skull base chordoma histopathology, classic imaging characteristics, radiomics and state-of-the-art imaging techniques that are now emerging in diagnosis, treatment planning and disease monitoring of skull base chordoma.
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Kutwin M, Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Hinzmann M, Wierzbicki M, Hotowy A, Grodzik M, Winnicka A, Chwalibog A. Investigation of platinum nanoparticle properties against U87 glioblastoma multiforme. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1322-1334. [PMID: 29181062 PMCID: PMC5701677 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas are the most aggressive and common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Many side effects of drugs containing platinum and their poor penetration of the CNS are major drawbacks in glioma therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the toxicity of platinum nanoparticles and cisplatin and their anticancer properties in examination with a U87 glioma cell line and tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nanoparticles of platinum (NP-Pt) and cisplatin were incubated with U87 glioma cells or injected directly into tumor tissue. The biological properties of NP-Pt and cisplatin were compared through the morphology, viability, mortality, genotoxicity and the type of cell death of U87 glioma cells, the morphology and ultrastructure of glioma tumor, and expression of caspase-3, p53 and PCNA mRNA. RESULTS NP-Pt at concentrations of 0.14 µM/ml, 0.29 µM/ml and 0.65 µM/ml had a harmful influence on viability of U87 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, but also showed genotoxic properties as well as a pro-apoptotic effect on cancer cells. It was found that NP-Pt decreased the weight and volume of U87 GBM tumor tissue and caused pathomorphological changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of tumor tissue, but they also upregulated p53 and caspase-3 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The comparison between the effectiveness of glioblastoma treatment by NP-Pt vs cisplatin showed promising results for future studies. The results indicate that the properties of NP-Pt might be utilized for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jaworski
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hinzmann
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yamauchi M, Okada T, Okada T, Yamamoto A, Fushimi Y, Arakawa Y, Miyamoto S, Togashi K. Differential diagnosis of posterior fossa brain tumors: Multiple discriminant analysis of Tl-SPECT and FDG-PET. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7767. [PMID: 28816956 PMCID: PMC5571693 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined capability of thallium-201 (Tl)-SPECT and fluorine-18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-PET for differential diagnosis of posterior fossa brain tumors using multiple discriminant analysis.This retrospective study was conducted under approval of the institutional review board. In the hospital information system, 27 patients with posterior fossa intra-axial tumor between January 2009 and June 2015 were enrolled and grouped as the following 7 entities: low grade glioma (LGG) 6, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) 2, glioblastoma (GBM) 3, medulloblastoma (MB) 3, hemangioblastoma (HB) 6, metastatic tumor (Mets) 3, and malignant lymphoma (ML) 4. Tl and FDG uptakes were measured at the tumors and control areas, and several indexes were derived. Using indexes selected by the stepwise method, discriminant analysis was conducted with leave-one-out cross-validation.The predicted accuracy for tumor classification was 70.4% at initial analysis and 55.6% at cross-validation to differentiate 7 tumor entities. HB, LGG, and ML were well-discriminated, but AA was located next to LGG. GBM, MB, and Mets largely overlapped and could not be well distinguished even applying multiple discriminant analysis. Correct classification in the original and cross-validation analyses was 44.4% and 33.3% for Tl-SPECT and 55.6% and 48.1% for FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsutomu Okada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshiki Arakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Togashi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
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Jelski W, Laniewska-Dunaj M, Orywal K, Kochanowicz J, Rutkowski R, Szmitkowski M. The diagnostic value of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) measurement in the sera of patients with brain tumor. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:346-352. [PMID: 28261287 PMCID: PMC5332462 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) exist in the brain. Alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH are also present in brain tumor cells. Moreover, the activity of class I isoenzymes was significantly higher in cancer than healthy brain cells. The activity of these enzymes in tumor tissue is reflected in the serum and could thus be helpful for diagnostics of brain neoplasms. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ADH and ALDH as markers for brain tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples were taken for routine biochemical investigation from 115 patients suffering from brain tumors (65 glioblastomas, 50 meningiomas). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the activity of ADH I isoenzyme and ADH total in the sera of brain tumor patients compared to the controls. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH I was 78%, specificity 85%, and positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 76% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ADH I increased with the stage of the carcinoma. Area under receiver-operating characteristic curve for ADH I was 0.71. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a potential role for ADH I as a marker for brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Rutkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Frankl J, Grotepas C, Stea B, Lemole GM, Chiu A, Khan R. Chordoma dedifferentiation after proton beam therapy: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:280. [PMID: 27729085 PMCID: PMC5059891 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma is a rare invasive bone tumor that may occur anywhere along the neuraxis. A total of three primary histological varieties have been identified: conventional, chondroid, and dedifferentiated. Case presentation We report a case of an 8-year-old white girl who presented with conventional chordoma, was treated with surgical resection and mixed proton and photon beam therapy, and had a recurrence in the resection cavity 2.5 years later with dedifferentiated morphology. The recurrent tumor did not express brachyury, a recently identified protein specific to tissue of notochordal origin. Conclusions The short time period between radiation therapy and dedifferentiation, low dose of photons, and rarity of dedifferentiated skull base chordomas in pediatric patients should alert clinicians to the possibility of chordoma dedifferentiation after proton beam therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Frankl
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Cassi Grotepas
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Baldassare Stea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - G Michael Lemole
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Alexander Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rihan Khan
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Luciani L, Dubourg G, Graillon T, Honnorat E, Lepidi H, Drancourt M, Seng P, Stein A. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis brain abscess mimicking meningitis after surgery for glioblastoma multiforme: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:192. [PMID: 27387824 PMCID: PMC4936236 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella brain abscess associated with brain tumor is rare. Only 11 cases have been reported to date. Here we report a case of brain abscess caused by Salmonella entericaserovarEnteritidis mimicking post-surgical meningitis in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Case presentation A 60-year-old Algerian woman was admitted through an emergency department for a 4-day history of headache, nausea and vomiting, and behavioral disorders. Surgery for cerebral tumor excision was performed and histopathological analysis revealed glioblastoma multiforme. On the seventh day post-surgery, she presented a sudden neurological deterioration with a meningeal syndrome, confusion, and fever of 39.8°C. Her cerebrospinal fluid sample and blood cultures were positive for S. enterica Enteritidis. She was treated with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. On the 17th day post-surgery, she presented a new neurological disorder and purulent discharge from the surgical wound. Brain computed tomography revealed a large cerebral abscess located at the operative site. Surgical drainage of the abscess was performed and microbial cultures of surgical deep samples were positive for the same S. enterica Enteritidis isolate. She recovered and was discharged 6 weeks after admission. Conclusions In this case report, a brain abscess was initially diagnosed as Salmonella post-surgical meningitis before the imaging diagnosis of the brain abscess. The diagnosis of brain abscess should be considered in all cases of non-typhoidal Salmonella meningitis after surgery for brain tumor. Surgical brain abscess drainage followed by prolonged antibiotic treatment remains a major therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Luciani
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France.,Pôle de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Dubourg
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France.,Pôle de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Graillon
- Service de neurochirurgie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Honnorat
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France.,Pôle de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Piseth Seng
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Pôle de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Andreas Stein
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005, Marseille, France.,Pôle de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Molecular imaging is one of the methods to follow-up stem cell therapy by visualization in the brain. In a recent article in Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Micci et al. offer a thorough discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this method and their roles in the future. The authors are among the very first who have implemented recently introduced molecular imaging techniques in experimental research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK.,University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tumul Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bernhard Schaller
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK. .,University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Chowdhury T, Nöthen C, Filis A, Sandu N, Buchfelder M, Schaller B. Functional Outcome Changes in Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas After Intraoperative Occurrence of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex: First Description in a Retrospective Observational Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1463. [PMID: 26376385 PMCID: PMC4635799 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) represents now a nearly ubiquitary phenomenon in skull base surgery. Functional relevance of the intrainterventional TCR occurrence is hitherto only proven for vestibular schwannoma. In a retrospective observational study, 19 out of 338 (8%) enrolled adult patients demonstrated a TCR during transsphenoidal/transcranial surgery for pituitary adenomas. The 2 subgroups (TCR vs non-TCR) had similar patient's characteristics, risk factors, and histology. Preoperatively, there was a similar distribution of normal pituitary function in the TCR and non-TCR subgroups. In this TCR subgroup, there was a significant decrease of that normal pituitary function after operation (37%) compared to the non-TCR group (60%) (P < 0.03). The TCR subgroup therefore demonstrated a 3.15 times (95%CI 1.15-8.68) higher risk for non-normalizing of postoperative pituitary function compared with the non-TCR subgroup (P < 0.03). It is presented, for the first time, an impact of TCR on the functional hormonal outcome after pituitary surgery and strongly underline again the importance of the TCR in clinical daily practice. As a consequence, TCR should be considered as a negative prognostic factor of hormonal normalization after surgery for pituitary adenomas that should be included into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chowdhury
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (CT); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany (NC, FA, BM), and Department of Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (SN, SB)
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Sandu N, Schaller B. Spinal molecular imaging by (68) Ga-DOTATATE-positron emission tomography. JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE 2014; 5:139-40. [PMID: 25336839 PMCID: PMC4201017 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8237.142311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Kaira K, Okamura T, Takahashi H, Horiguchi N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Yamada M. Small-cell lung cancer with voltage-gated calcium channel antibody-positive paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:119. [PMID: 24712889 PMCID: PMC4000153 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare neurological syndrome and clinically characterized by cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, seizures and psychiatric symptoms. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is most frequently found in small-cell lung cancer, among various malignancies, and antineuronal antibodies are related to the autoimmune mechanism. We experienced a rare case of a patient with small-cell lung cancer with anti-voltage-gated calcium channel antibody-positive paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. CASE PRESENTATION A 61-year-old Japanese man with a history of smoking cigarettes presented with seizure, confusion and personality change in acute onset. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted image in his right temporal lobe, suggestive of limbic encephalitis. A mediastinoscopy of the lymph node revealed small-cell lung carcinoma, and he was staged as having limited stage disease. Antibodies against P/Q-type and N-type voltage-gated calcium channel were positive and Hu antibody was negative. He was started on chemotherapy of carboplatin plus etoposide with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy. Neurological symptoms were gradually improved after systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We should be alert to the potential of malignant neoplasms associated with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis when we examine a patient with cancer with neurological disorders such as personality change, disorientation, unconsciousness and memory loss. A clinical marker such as voltage-gated calcium channel antibody may help our diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Guo X, Yin J, Jiang Y. Solitary skull metastasis as the first symptom of hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:681-6. [PMID: 24812512 PMCID: PMC4011926 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s58059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skull metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is reported rarely. In addition, solitary skull metastasis as the first symptom of HCC is reported even less. Here, we reported a case of solitary skull metastasis as the first symptom of HCC and reviewed the literature on skull metastasis. A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to Jinjiang Hospital of Quanzhou Medical College with a painless parietal-occipital scalp mass, and he denied any history of hepatic disease. A cranial computed tomography demonstrated a hypervascular enhancement with osteolytic change in the right parietal-occipital region, cranial magnetic resonance imaging indicated a highly enhanced and osteolytic skull tumor, and abdominal computed tomography showed a huge tumor in the liver. The other examinations showed no other metastases. Laboratory data showed no liver dysfunction while hepatitis B surface antigen was positive, and alpha fetal protein level was high. A craniectomy was performed and the mass was totally removed. The histological diagnosis was skull metastasis from HCC. The patient was subsequently treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. In a review of published literature, the incidence of skull metastasis from HCC in the period between 1990 and 2011 has significantly increased. The misdiagnosis rate of skull metastases as the first symptom from HCC was high. Therefore, it is necessary to give each patient with a scalp mass that has invaded the skull a liver ultrasound or computed tomography scan. On the other hand, we found that metastases that occurred in the calvaria site were more frequent than those that occurred in the skull base and facial skeleton. This may be worthy of further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Hospital of Quanzhou Medical College, Jinjiang, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangliu Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Spiriev T, Sandu N, Schaller B. Molecular imaging and tracking stem cells in neurosciences. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1052:195-201. [PMID: 23640257 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising new therapeutic option in different neurological diseases. However, it is not yet possible to translate its potential from animal models to clinical application. One of the main problems of applying stem cell transplantation in clinical medium is the difficulty of detection, localization, and examination of the stem cells in vivo at both cellular and molecular levels. State-of-the-art molecular imaging techniques provide new and better means for noninvasive, repeated, and quantitative tracking of stem cell implant or transplant. From initial deposition to the survival, migration, and differentiation of the transplant/implanted stem cells, current molecular imaging methods allow monitoring of the infused cells in the same live recipient over time. The present review briefly summarizes and compares these molecular imaging methods for cell labeling and imaging in animal models as well as in clinical application and sheds light on consecutive new therapeutic options if appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Waerzeggers Y, Monfared P, Viel T, Faust A, Kopka K, Schäfers M, Tavitian B, Winkeler A, Jacobs A. Specific biomarkers of receptors, pathways of inhibition and targeted therapies: pre-clinical developments. Br J Radiol 2012; 84 Spec No 2:S168-78. [PMID: 22433827 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/66405626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the role of specific genes, proteins, pathways and networks in health and disease, coupled with the development of technologies to assay these molecules and pathways in patients, promises to revolutionise the practice of clinical medicine. Especially the discovery and development of novel drugs targeted to disease-specific alterations could benefit significantly from non-invasive imaging techniques assessing the dynamics of specific disease-related parameters. Here we review the application of imaging biomarkers in the management of patients with brain tumours, especially malignant glioma. In our other review we focused on imaging biomarkers of general biochemical and physiological processes related with tumour growth such as energy, protein, DNA and membrane metabolism, vascular function, hypoxia and cell death. In this part of the review, we will discuss the use of imaging biomarkers of specific disease-related molecular genetic alterations such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell membrane receptors and signalling pathways and their application in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Waerzeggers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany
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16
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Sandu N, Schaller B. Molecular imaging of stem cell therapy in brain tumors: a step towards personalized medicine. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:601-5. [PMID: 23056068 PMCID: PMC3460495 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Sandu N, Momen-Heravi F, Sadr-Eshkevari P, Schaller B. Molecular imaging for stem cell transplantation in neuroregenerative medicine. NEURODEGENER DIS 2011; 9:60-7. [PMID: 22042219 DOI: 10.1159/000330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising new therapeutic option in different neurological diseases. However, it was not yet possible to translate its potential from animal models to clinical application. One of the main problems of applying stem cell transplantation in clinical medium is the difficulty of detection, localization, and examination of the stem cells in vivo at both cellular and molecular levels. State-of-the-art molecular imaging techniques provide new and better means for noninvasive, repeated, and quantitative tracking of stem cell implant or transplant. From initial deposition to the survival, migration, and differentiation of the transplant/implanted stem cells, current molecular imaging methods allow monitoring of the infused cells in the same live recipient over time. The present review briefly summarizes and compares these molecular imaging methods for cell labeling and imaging in animal models as well as in clinical application and sheds light on consecutive new therapeutic options if appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Sandu N, Pöpperl G, Toubert ME, Spiriev T, Arasho B, Orabi M, Schaller B. Current molecular imaging of spinal tumors in clinical practice. Mol Med 2011; 17:308-16. [PMID: 21210073 PMCID: PMC3060992 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism measurements in spinal cord tumors, as well as in osseous spinal tumors/metastasis in vivo, are rarely performed only with molecular imaging (MI) by positron emission tomography (PET). This imaging modality developed from a small number of basic clinical science investigations followed by subsequent work that influenced and enhanced the research of others. Apart from precise anatomical localization by coregistration of morphological imaging and quantification, the most intriguing advantage of this imaging is the opportunity to investigate the time course (dynamics) of disease-specific molecular events in the intact organism. Most importantly, MI represents one of the key technologies in translational molecular neuroscience research, helping to develop experimental protocols that may later be applied to human patients. PET may help monitor a patient at the vertebral level after surgery and during adjuvant treatment for recurrent or progressive disease. Common clinical indications for MI of primary or secondary CNS spinal tumors are: (i) tumor diagnosis, (ii) identification of the metabolically active tumor compartments (differentiation of viable tumor tissue from necrosis) and (iii) prediction of treatment response by measurement of tumor perfusion or ischemia. While spinal PET has been used under specific circumstances, a question remains as to whether the magnitude of biochemical alterations observed by MI in CNS tumors in general (specifically spinal tumors) can reveal any prognostic value with respect to survival. MI may be able to better identify early disease and to differentiate benign from malignant lesions than more traditional methods. Moreover, an adequate identification of treatment effectiveness may influence patient management. MI probes could be developed to image the function of targets without disturbing them or as treatment to modify the target's function. MI therefore closes the gap between in vitro and in vivo integrative biology of disease. At the spinal level, MI may help to detect progression or recurrence of metastatic disease after surgical treatment. In cases of nonsurgical treatments such as chemo-, hormone- or radiotherapy, it may better assess biological efficiency than conventional imaging modalities coupled with blood tumor markers. In fact, PET provides a unique possibility to correlate topography and specific metabolic activity, but it requires additional clinical and experimental experience and research to find new indications for primary or secondary spinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Universities of Paris, France
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Universities of Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Belachew Arasho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Universities of Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mikael Orabi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Universities of Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Schaller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Universities of Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sandu N, Schaller B. Stem cell transplantation in brain tumors: a new field for molecular imaging? Mol Med 2010; 16:433-7. [PMID: 20593112 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells have been proposed as a new and promising treatment modality in various pathologies of the central nervous system, including malignant brain tumors. However, the underlying mechanism by which neural stem cells target tumor areas remains elusive. Monitoring of these cells is currently done by use of various modes of molecular imaging, such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which is a novel technology for visualizing metabolism and signal transduction to gene expression. In this new context, the microenvironment of (malignant) brain tumors and the blood-brain barrier gains increased interest. The authors of this review give a unique overview of the current molecular-imaging techniques used in different therapeutic experimental brain tumor models in relation to neural stem cells. Such methods for molecular imaging of gene-engineered neural stem/progenitor cells are currently used to trace the location and temporal level of expression of therapeutic and endogenous genes in malignant brain tumors, closing the gap between in vitro and in vivo integrative biology of disease in neural stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sandu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Waerzeggers Y, Monfared P, Viel T, Winkeler A, Jacobs AH. Mouse models in neurological disorders: applications of non-invasive imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:819-39. [PMID: 20471478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques represent powerful tools to assess disease-specific cellular, biochemical and molecular processes non-invasively in vivo. Besides providing precise anatomical localisation and quantification, the most exciting advantage of non-invasive imaging techniques is the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of disease-specific functional and molecular events longitudinally in intact living organisms, so called molecular imaging (MI). Combining neuroimaging technologies with in vivo models of neurological disorders provides unique opportunities to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of human neurological disorders. In this way, neuroimaging in mouse models of neurological disorders not only can be used for phenotyping specific diseases and monitoring disease progression but also plays an essential role in the development and evaluation of disease-specific treatment approaches. In this way MI is a key technology in translational research, helping to design improved disease models as well as experimental treatment protocols that may afterwards be implemented into clinical routine. The most widely used imaging modalities in animal models to assess in vivo anatomical, functional and molecular events are positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging (OI). Here, we review the application of neuroimaging in mouse models of neurodegeneration (Parkinson's disease, PD, and Alzheimer's disease, AD) and brain cancer (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Waerzeggers
- Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Bruzzone MG, Eoli M, Cuccarini V, Grisoli M, Valletta L, Finocchiaro G. Genetic signature of adult gliomas and correlation with MRI features. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:709-20. [PMID: 19817555 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the amount of information concerning the genetics and the biology of gliomas, and particularly of glioblastoma multiforme, increased steadily. Such an increase has been paralleled by the technological progress of MRI. The merging of these scientific areas, as summarized in this review, is helping the stratification of glioma patients for clinical trials and their clinical follow-up. Although available therapeutic options appear limited in number, it is likely that in the next 5 years, both as a consequence of the increased knowledge due to genomic sequencing of hundreds of glioblastoma specimens and to continuous improvements of MRI, new perspectives will be available for these patients, with a sizable impact on their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Pediatric high grade gliomas (HGG) remain difficult to cure despite recent advances in imaging, neurosurgery, and radiation. Current treatment modalities have demonstrated only modest survival benefit. Research utilizing molecular biologic techniques reveals that the phenotype of HGG is complex and results from dysregulation of numerous inter-related cellular pathways. Knowledge of potential molecular targets along dysregulated pathways has led to the development of novel and highly specific targeted therapies, which include small molecule inhibitors. This article will review small molecule inhibition of cellular pathways involved in gliomagenesis, challenges to small molecule therapy, and future directions in the use of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Herrington
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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23
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Thiele F, Ehmer J, Piroth MD, Eble MJ, Coenen HH, Kaiser HJ, Schaefer WM, Buell U, Boy C. The quantification of dynamic FET PET imaging and correlation with the clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:5525-39. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/18/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer occurs as a result of misregulation of cell growth, which appears to be a consequence of alteration in the function of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Ionising radiation has been used, since the discovery of X-rays in 1896 by Roentgen, both in cancer research and treatment of the disease. The main purpose of cancer research is to understand the molecular alterations involved in the development and progression of the disease in order to improve diagnosis and develop personalised therapies, by focusing on the features of the tumoral cell and the biological events associated to carcinogenesis. Radioisotopic techniques have been used routinely for in vitro research in the molecular and cellular biology of cancer for more than 20 years and are in the process of being substituted by alternative non-radioactive techniques. However in vivo techniques such as irradiation of cells in culture and/or experimental animal models and radioactive labelling are in development, due in part to advances in molecular imaging technologies. The objective of this review is to analyse in an integrative way the applications of ionising radiation in cancer research and therapy. It had been divided into two parts. The first one will approach the techniques applied to cancer research and the second will summarise how ionising radiation is applied to the treatment of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Macías
- Servicio de Protección Radiológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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McMillan KM, Ehtesham M, Stevenson CB, Edgeworth ML, Thompson RC, Price RR. T2 detection of tumor invasion within segmented components of glioblastoma multiforme. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:251-7. [PMID: 19161171 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To use T2-weighted images to detect tumor invasion when comparing normal individuals to groups of gliomablastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with varying levels of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that promotes tumor migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2-weighted images were acquired preoperatively in 22 treatment-naïve GBM patients. Two groups were formed based on the expression levels of CXCR4. A third group of normal volunteers was used for comparison. Each image was segmented to obtain four different clusters for tissue types identified as white matter, basal ganglia, gray matter/edema and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/tumor. Signal intensity histograms were formed for each cluster and compared between groups. RESULTS In every cluster the GBM groups displayed significantly higher standard deviations of intensity distributions when compared to normal subjects. Significant differences in skewness were found between normal subjects and GBM patients in the white matter, basal ganglia, and CSF/tumor. Further, when the two groups of GBM patients were compared the CXCR4-high group was found to have a significant shift in the median intensity values in the cluster containing gray matter and peritumoral edema. CONCLUSION T2 signal intensity histograms in normal subjects differ significantly from those obtained from GBM groups, suggesting widespread dissemination of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M McMillan
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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26
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Schaller B, Cornelius JF, Sandu N. Molecular medicine successes in neuroscience. Mol Med 2008; 14:361-4. [PMID: 18496586 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00055.schaller] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schaller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Abstract
Dementia represents a heterogeneous term that has evolved to describe the behavioral syndromes associated with a variety of clinical and neuropathological changes during continuing degenerative disease of the brain. As such, there lacks a clear consensus regarding the neuropsychological and other constituent characteristics associated with various cerebrovascular changes in this disease process. But increasing this knowledge has given more insights into memory deterioration in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and other subtypes of dementia. The author reviews current knowledge of the physiological coupling between cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the light of state-of-the-art-imaging methods and its changes in dementia with special reference to Alzheimer's disease. Different imaging techniques are discussed with respect to their visualizing effect of biochemical, cellular, and/or structural changes in dementia. The pathophysiology of dementia in advanced age is becoming increasingly understood by revealing the underlying basis of neuropsychological changes with current imaging techniques, genetic and pathological features, which suggests that alterations of (neuro) vascular regulatory mechanisms may lead to brain dysfunction and disease. The current view is that cerebrovascular deregulation is seen as a contributor to cerebrovascular pathologies, such as stroke, but also to neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease. The better understanding of these (patho) physiological mechanisms may open an approach to new interventional strategies in dementia to enhance neurovascular repair and to protect neurovascular coupling.
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28
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Lucignani G. Hints on new applications of emission tomography and magnetic resonance in neuro-oncology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:1310-5. [PMID: 17604987 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lucignani
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, University of Milan, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital San Paolo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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